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Orostachys japonicus ethanol extract inhibits 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice and TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced TARC expression in HaCaT cells. Toxicol Res 2019; 36:99-108. [PMID: 32257921 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-019-00026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions has increased due to the elevated levels of allergens worldwide. Natural-origin agents, which are effective and safe, show promise for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory conditions. Orostachys japonicus (OJ) A. Berger is an ingredient of traditional herbal medicines for fever, gingivitis, and cancer in Korea, China, and Japan. However, the effect of OJ on AD-like skin lesions is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effect of OJ ethanol extract (OJEE) on AD-like skin symptoms in mice and cells. OJEE reduced the 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced AD severity, serum levels of IgE and TARC, and mRNA levels of TARC, TNF-α, and IL-4 in NC/Nga mice. Histopathological analysis showed that OJEE reduced the thickness of the epidermis/dermis and dermal infiltration of inflammatory cells in ear tissue. Furthermore, OJEE suppressed the TNF-α/IFN-γ-increased TARC mRNA level by inhibiting NF-κB and STAT1 activation in HaCaT cells. Taken together, our findings show that OJEE reduced the risk of AD-like skin symptoms by decreasing TARC expression via inhibiting NF-κB and STAT1 activation in skin keratinocytes and thus shows promise as an alternative therapy for AD-like skin lesions.
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Szekalska M, Sosnowska K, Tomczykowa M, Winnicka K, Kasacka I, Tomczyk M. In vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities of cynaroside evaluated by using hydrogel formulations. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109681. [PMID: 31810125 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cynaroside (CYN) is the predominant derivative of luteolin in aerial parts of Bidens tripartita which has been used in folk medicine as a diaphoretic, diuretic, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agent. In our study, alginate (ALG), which is an anionic polymer with bioadhesive properties, was used as a CYN carrier, and multiple hydrogel formulations were created. Additionally, the present study evaluated the in vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities of all preparations. METHODS Novel gel formulations as topical carriers for CYN obtained from B. tripartita were developed and characterized. The bioadhesive properties of the designed preparations were also evaluated in an ex vivo model using the skin of hairless mice. In vitro CYN release from all formulations was examined and analysed by HPLC. Histopathological evaluation of mouse skin sections stained with H&E after carrageenan and oxazolone administration was also carried out. In addition, the influence of CYN on cell proliferation was examined by the PCNA staining method. RESULTS The results showed that 10 % CYN inhibited the release of anti-inflammatory mediators, and both tested concentrations, which included 5 % and 10 % (2 mg and 20 mg CYN per site, respectively), reduced oxazolone-induced ear swelling. Histopathological examination of the samples revealed a marked reduction in paw skin and ear tissue inflammation and in inflammatory infiltrates. The influence of CYN on cell proliferation was examined by the PCNA staining method, and the staining and distribution of PCNA-immunoreactive (PCNA-IR) cells were observed. After the application of the 5 % and 10 % hydrogels, the investigated samples showed decreased nuclear immunoreactivity to PCNA, which was similar to that of the control. Moreover, after application of the placebo formulation, fewer PCNA-IR cells were also observed. CONCLUSION The obtained data suggest that the topical application of CYN significantly reduces the number of T cells, mast cells and histiocytes in mouse skin with inflammation or atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szekalska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sosnowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Monika Tomczykowa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Winnicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Irena Kasacka
- Department of Histology and Cytophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland.
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Ahmadian SR, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Pouramir M, Sadeghi F. Arbutin attenuates cognitive impairment and inflammatory response in pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling model of epilepsy. Neuropharmacology 2019; 146:117-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Drogosz J, Janecka A. Helenalin - A Sesquiterpene Lactone with Multidirectional Activity. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:444-452. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666181012125230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones, secondary metabolites of plants, present in a large number of species
mostly from the Asteracea family, are used in the traditional medicine of many countries for the
treatment of various pathological conditions. They exert a broad range of activities, including antiinflammatory,
anti-bacterial and anti-cancer properties. The best-known sesquiterpene lactones which
are already used as drugs or are used in clinical trials are artemisinin, thapsigargin and parthenolide.
Yet another sesquiterpene lactone, helenalin, an active component of Arnica montana, known for its
strong anti-inflammatory activity, has been used for centuries in folk medicine to treat minor injuries.
Unfortunately, helenalin’s ability to cause allergic reactions and its toxicity to healthy tissues prevented
so far the development of this sesquiterpene lactone as an anticancer or anti-inflammatory drug.
Recently, the new interest in the biological properties, as well as in the synthesis of helenalin analogs
has been observed. This review describes helenalin's major biological activities, molecular mechanisms
of action, its toxicity and potential for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Drogosz
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Janecka
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Braga N, Rodrigues F, Oliveira MBPP. Castanea sativa by-products: a review on added value and sustainable application. Nat Prod Res 2014; 29:1-18. [PMID: 25204784 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.955488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Castanea sativa Mill. is a species of the family Fagaceae abundant in south Europe and Asia. The fruits (chestnut) are an added value resource in producing countries. Chestnut economic value is increasing not only for nutritional qualities but also for the beneficial health effects related with its consumption. During chestnut processing, a large amount of waste material is generated namely inner shell, outer shell and leaves. Studies on chestnut by-products revealed a good profile of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and cardioprotective properties. These agro-industrial wastes, after valorisation, can be used by other industries, such as pharmaceutical, food or cosmetics, generating more profits, reducing pollution costs and improving social, economic and environmental sustainability. The purpose of this review is to provide knowledge about the type of chestnut by-products produced, the studies concerning its chemical composition and biological activity, and also to discuss other possible applications of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nair Braga
- a REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto , Portugal
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Khatri R, Akhtar N, Mukhopadhyay K, Verma KK, Sethuraman G, Sharma A. Genetic endowment of proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (-) 308 G > A polymorphism toParthenium hysterophorus-induced airborne contact dermatitis in an Indian cohort. Int J Dermatol 2014; 54:179-84. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Khatri
- School of Environmental Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
| | - Nasim Akhtar
- Department ofBiochemistry; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | | | - Kaushal K. Verma
- Department ofDermatology and Venereology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Gomathy Sethuraman
- Department ofDermatology and Venereology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
| | - Alpana Sharma
- Department ofBiochemistry; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; New Delhi India
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Antunes Viegas D, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Salgueiro L, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira R. Helichrysum italicum: from traditional use to scientific data. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 151:54-65. [PMID: 24239849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don fil. (family Asteraceae) has been used for its medicinal properties for a long time and, even nowadays, continues to play an important role in the traditional medicine of Mediterranean countries. Based on this traditional knowledge, its different pharmacological activities have been the focus of active research. This review aims to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of the pharmacological activities of Helichrysum italicum, as well as its traditional uses, toxicity, drug interactions and safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS The selection of relevant data was made through a search using the keywords "Helichrysum italicum" and "H. italicum" in "Directory of Open Access Journals", "Google Scholar", "ISI Web of Knowledge", "PubMed", "ScienceDirect" and "Wiley Online Library". Information obtained in local and foreign books and other sources was also included. RESULTS There are reports on the traditional use of Helichrysum italicum in European countries, particularly Italy, Spain, Portugal and Bosnia and Herzegovina. In these countries, its flowers and leaves are the most used parts in the treatment of health disorders such as allergies, colds, cough, skin, liver and gallbladder disorders, inflammation, infections and sleeplessness. In order to validate some of the traditional uses of Helichrysum italicum and highlight other potential applications for its extracts and isolated compounds, several scientific studies have been conducted in the last decades. In vitro studies characterized Helichrysum italicum as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent. Its flavonoids and terpenes were effective against bacteria (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus), its acetophenones, phloroglucinols and terpenoids displayed antifungal action against Candida albicans and its flavonoids and phloroglucinols inhibited HSV and HIV, respectively. Helichrysum italicum acetophenones, flavonoids and phloroglucinols demonstrated inhibitory action in different pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism and other pro-inflammatory mediators. Regarding Helichrysum italicum in vivo activity, the highlight goes to the anti-erythematous and photoprotective activities of its flavonoids, demonstrated both in animals and humans, and to the anti-inflammatory properties exhibited by its flavonoids, acetophenones and phloroglucinols, as seen in animal models. Concerning its safety and adverse effects, while Helichrysum italicum does not display significant levels of cytotoxicity or genotoxicity, it should be noticed that one of its flavonoids inhibited some CYP isoforms and a case has been reported of an allergic reaction to its extracts. CONCLUSIONS Helichrysum italicum is a medicinal plant with promising pharmacological activities. However, most of its traditionally claimed applications are not yet scientifically proven. Clinical trials are needed to further confirm these data and promote Helichrysum italicum as an important tool in the treatment of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Antunes Viegas
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Ana Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - José Martinez-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Child and Women Health Department, Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira EPE, Covilhã, Portugal.
| | - Rita Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Pharmacy Department, Centro Hospitalar Cova da Beira EPE, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Akhtar N, Anand V, Verma KK, Sharma A. Augmented telomerase activity and reduced telomere length in parthenium-induced contact dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 27:1222-7. [PMID: 22946492 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04691.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parthenium dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease with activated T lymphocytes that recognize the antigens, which leads to proliferation and differentiation. Telomeres and telomerase play an important role in the regulation of life span of the cell. Telomere length maintained by telomerase, are specialized repeats present at the end of chromosomes which protect it from degradation, end-to-end fusion and are important for integrity of chromosomes. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to measure telomerase activity and telomere length in Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes from parthenium dermatitis patients. METHODS The study includes 50 patients of parthenium dermatitis confirmed by patch testing and 50 healthy controls. Telomerase activity was measured using the telomere repeat amplification protocol using PCR-ELISA kit. Telomere length was measured by using Telo TAGGG Telomere Length Assay Kit. RESULTS Significantly elevated levels of telomerase activity was observed in PBMC, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells of parthenium dermatitis patients as compared with healthy controls. However, significantly reduced telomere length in PBMC, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells have been found in patients than healthy subjects, but there was no difference between CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in patients. CONCLUSION This study might have provided insight into the role of telomerase in parthenium dermatitis that is characterized by the recruitment of T lymphocytes, which play an important role in this inflammatory disease. The augmented telomerase activity and reduced terminal restriction fragment length might be explored as a potential diagnostic/prognostic marker for parthenium dermatitis in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Akhtar
- Department of Biochemistry Department of Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Khatri R, Mukhopadhyay K, Verma K, Sethuraman G, Sharma A. Genetic predisposition to parthenium dermatitis in an Indian cohort due to lower-producing genotypes of interleukin-10 (−) 1082 G>A and (−) 819 C>T loci but no association with interferon-γ (+) 874 A>T locus. Br J Dermatol 2011; 165:115-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Akhtar N, Verma KK, Sharma A. Study of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine profile in the patients with parthenium dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2010; 63:203-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Ríos JL. Effects of triterpenes on the immune system. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 128:1-14. [PMID: 20079412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Triterpenes, which comprise a broad chemical group of active principles, are implicated in the mechanisms of action and pharmacological effects of many medicinal plants used in folk medicine against diseases in which the immune system is implicated. They have been described as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, and antitumoral agents, as well as being immunomodulator compounds. Several of them are implicated in the resolution of immune diseases, although their effects have not always been clearly correlated. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review is to compile relevant data on the mechanisms of action of triterpenes isolated from active ethnomedicinal plants and their role in the resolution of diseases in which the immune system is implicated to examine the mechanism by which they are useful as ethnopharmacological medicines. METHODS The selection of papers was made using the most relevant databases for the biomedical sciences on the basis of their ethnopharmacological use. We principally chose those studies that examined the resolution of allergic responses in vivo and those that studied the effects of the more relevant mediators implicated in the immune response in vitro. RESULTS The number of compounds actually studied is limited compared with the high number of principles that have been isolated and identified. Many studies focus on specific pathologies such cancer or inflammation, but in many cases they are clearly correlated with the immune response. Lanostanes, cucurbitanes, and oleananes are probably the most interesting groups; however, other compounds are also of potential importance. CONCLUSIONS Studies of specific mechanisms against mediators or transcription factors could be the objective for future research on ethnomedicinal plants used to combat immune diseases since the results obtained with cucurbitacins or derivatives of oleanolic acid support the use of different medicinal plants, thereby opening up a new frontier for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Luis Ríos
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Av Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Almeida IF, Valentão P, Andrade PB, Seabra RM, Pereira TM, Amaral MH, Costa PC, Bahia MF. In vivo skin irritation potential of a Castanea sativa (Chestnut) leaf extract, a putative natural antioxidant for topical application. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2008; 103:461-7. [PMID: 18793273 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Topical application of natural antioxidants has proven to be effective in protecting the skin against ultraviolet-mediated oxidative damage and provides a straightforward way to strengthen the endogenous protection system. However, natural products can provoke skin adverse effects, such as allergic and irritant contact dermatitis. Skin irritation potential of Castanea sativa leaf ethanol:water (7:3) extract was investigated by performing an in vivo patch test in 20 volunteers. Before performing the irritation test, the selection of the solvent and extraction method was guided by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging test and polyphenols extraction (measured by the Folin Ciocalteu assay). Iron-chelating activity and the phenolic composition (high performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection) were evaluated for the extract obtained under optimized conditions. The extraction method adopted consisted in 5 short extractions (10 min.) with ethanol:water (7:3), performed at 40 degrees. The IC(50) found for the iron chelation and DPPH scavenging assays were 132.94 +/- 9.72 and 12.58 +/- 0.54 microg/ml (mean +/- S.E.M.), respectively. The total phenolic content was found to be 283.8 +/- 8.74 mg GAE/g extract (mean +/- S.E.M.). Five phenolic compounds were identified in the extract, namely, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, rutin, isoquercitrin and hyperoside. The patch test carried out showed that, with respect to irritant effects, this extract can be regarded as safe for topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel F Almeida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, São Marcos Hospital, Braga, Portugal
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