1
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Morphett JC, Whittaker AL, Reichelt AC, Hutchinson MR. Perineuronal net structure as a non-cellular mechanism contributing to affective state: A scoping review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 158:105568. [PMID: 38309496 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Affective state encompasses emotional responses to our physiology and influences how we perceive and respond within our environment. In affective disorders such as depression, cognitive adaptability is challenged, and structural and functional brain changes have been identified. However, an incomplete understanding persists of the molecular and cellular mechanisms at play in affective state. An exciting area of newly appreciated importance is perineuronal nets (PNNs); a specialised component of extracellular matrix playing a critical role in neuroprotection and synaptic plasticity. A scoping review found 24 studies demonstrating that PNNs are still a developing field of research with a promising general trend for stress in adulthood to increase the intensity of PNNs, whereas stress in adolescence reduced (potentially developmentally delayed) PNN numbers and intensity, while antidepressants correlated with reduced PNN numbers. Despite promising trends, limited research underscores the need for further exploration, emphasizing behavioral outcomes for validating affective states. Understanding PNNs' role may offer therapeutic insights for depression and inform biomarker development, advancing precision medicine and enhancing well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Morphett
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Kaurna Country, Australia.
| | - A L Whittaker
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - A C Reichelt
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Kaurna Country, Australia
| | - M R Hutchinson
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Kaurna Country, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Davies Livestock Research Centre, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
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2
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Qian X, Zhong ZD, Zhang Y, Qiu LQ, Tan HJ. Fluoxetine mitigates depressive-like behaviors in mice via anti-inflammation and enhancing neuroplasticity. Brain Res 2024; 1825:148723. [PMID: 38101693 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity and inflammation represent a common final pathway for effective antidepressant treatment. SSRIs are the most commonly prescribed medications for depression and have demonstrated efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms. However, the precise impact of SSRIs on neuroplasticity and inflammation remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of long-term treatment with SSRIs on hippocampal neuron, inflammation, synaptic function and morphology. Our findings revealed that fluoxetine treatment significantly alleviated behavioral despair, anhedonia, and anxiety in reserpine-treated mice. Moreover, fluoxetine mitigated hippocampal neuron impairment, inhibited inflammatory release, and increased the expression of synaptic proteins markers (SYP and PSD95) in mice. Notably, fluoxetine also suppressed reserpine-induced synapse loss in the hippocampus. Based on these results, fluoxetine has been demonstrated effectively to ameliorate depressive mood and cognitive dysfunction, possibly through the enhancement of synaptic plasticity. Overall, our study contributes to a further understanding of the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of fluoxetine and its potential role in improving depressive symptoms and cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Qian
- School of Chemistry, Guangdong Key Lab of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Zuo-Dong Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Li-Qin Qiu
- School of Chemistry, Guangdong Key Lab of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hui-Jun Tan
- School of Chemistry, Guangdong Key Lab of Chiral Molecules and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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3
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Ruffini G, Lopez-Sola E, Vohryzek J, Sanchez-Todo R. Neural Geometrodynamics, Complexity, and Plasticity: A Psychedelics Perspective. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 26:90. [PMID: 38275498 DOI: 10.3390/e26010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
We explore the intersection of neural dynamics and the effects of psychedelics in light of distinct timescales in a framework integrating concepts from dynamics, complexity, and plasticity. We call this framework neural geometrodynamics for its parallels with general relativity's description of the interplay of spacetime and matter. The geometry of trajectories within the dynamical landscape of "fast time" dynamics are shaped by the structure of a differential equation and its connectivity parameters, which themselves evolve over "slow time" driven by state-dependent and state-independent plasticity mechanisms. Finally, the adjustment of plasticity processes (metaplasticity) takes place in an "ultraslow" time scale. Psychedelics flatten the neural landscape, leading to heightened entropy and complexity of neural dynamics, as observed in neuroimaging and modeling studies linking increases in complexity with a disruption of functional integration. We highlight the relationship between criticality, the complexity of fast neural dynamics, and synaptic plasticity. Pathological, rigid, or "canalized" neural dynamics result in an ultrastable confined repertoire, allowing slower plastic changes to consolidate them further. However, under the influence of psychedelics, the destabilizing emergence of complex dynamics leads to a more fluid and adaptable neural state in a process that is amplified by the plasticity-enhancing effects of psychedelics. This shift manifests as an acute systemic increase of disorder and a possibly longer-lasting increase in complexity affecting both short-term dynamics and long-term plastic processes. Our framework offers a holistic perspective on the acute effects of these substances and their potential long-term impacts on neural structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Ruffini
- Brain Modeling Department, Neuroelectrics, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edmundo Lopez-Sola
- Brain Modeling Department, Neuroelectrics, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jakub Vohryzek
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, Linacre College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9BX, UK
| | - Roser Sanchez-Todo
- Brain Modeling Department, Neuroelectrics, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Cardon I, Grobecker S, Kücükoktay S, Bader S, Jahner T, Nothdurfter C, Koschitzki K, Berneburg M, Weber BHF, Stöhr H, Höring M, Liebisch G, Braun F, Rothammer-Hampl T, Riemenschneider MJ, Rupprecht R, Milenkovic VM, Wetzel CH. Mitochondrial and Cellular Function in Fibroblasts, Induced Neurons, and Astrocytes Derived from Case Study Patients: Insights into Major Depression as a Mitochondria-Associated Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:963. [PMID: 38256041 PMCID: PMC10815943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The link between mitochondria and major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasingly evident, underscored both by mitochondria's involvement in many mechanisms identified in depression and the high prevalence of MDD in individuals with mitochondrial disorders. Mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism are increasingly considered to be involved in MDD's pathogenesis. This study focused on cellular and mitochondrial (dys)function in two atypical cases: an antidepressant non-responding MDD patient ("Non-R") and another with an unexplained mitochondrial disorder ("Mito"). Skin biopsies from these patients and controls were used to generate various cell types, including astrocytes and neurons, and cellular and mitochondrial functions were analyzed. Similarities were observed between the Mito patient and a broader MDD cohort, including decreased respiration and mitochondrial function. Conversely, the Non-R patient exhibited increased respiratory rates, mitochondrial calcium, and resting membrane potential. In conclusion, the Non-R patient's data offered a new perspective on MDD, suggesting a detrimental imbalance in mitochondrial and cellular processes, rather than simply reduced functions. Meanwhile, the Mito patient's data revealed the extensive effects of mitochondrial dysfunctions on cellular functions, potentially highlighting new MDD-associated impairments. Together, these case studies enhance our comprehension of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iseline Cardon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (I.C.)
| | - Sonja Grobecker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (I.C.)
| | - Selin Kücükoktay
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (I.C.)
| | - Stefanie Bader
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (I.C.)
| | - Tatjana Jahner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (I.C.)
| | - Caroline Nothdurfter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (I.C.)
| | - Kevin Koschitzki
- Department of Dermatology, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard H. F. Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Heidi Stöhr
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Braun
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Rothammer-Hampl
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (I.C.)
| | - Vladimir M. Milenkovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (I.C.)
| | - Christian H. Wetzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (I.C.)
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5
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Liu F, Tian Q, Tang HL, Cheng X, Zou W, Zhang P. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates depression-like behaviours in Parkinson's disease model rats by improving synaptic plasticity in a hippocampal Warburg effect-dependent manner. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 234:173677. [PMID: 37967673 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a highly prevalent comorbidity arising in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, depression in patients with PD is poorly treated. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a neuromodulator, has the potential to relieve depression. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether H2S attenuates depression-like behaviours in a rat model of PD and examine the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We utilised rotenone to develop a PD model with subcutaneous injections in the dorsal cervical region of Sprague-Dawley rats. The depression-like behaviours in the rotenone-induced PD model rats were assessed through forced swimming, tail suspension, open field, novelty-suppressed feeding, and elevated plus-maze tests. The expression of postsynaptic density protein-95 and synapsin-1, related to synaptic plasticity, was detected using Western blot in the hippocampus. The hippocampal ultrastructure, including the synaptic density, length of the synaptic active zone, postsynaptic density thickness, and synaptic gap width, was detected using transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS We proved that sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS; a donor of H2S) significantly attenuated the depression-like behaviours and disorders of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in rotenone-induced PD rats. Furthermore, inhibition of the hippocampal Warburg effect by 2-deoxyglucose abolished NaHS-enhanced hippocampal synaptic plasticity and reversed NaHS-attenuated depression-like behaviours in the rotenone-induced PD rats. CONCLUSION H2S attenuates PD-associated depression by improving the hippocampal synaptic plasticity in a hippocampal Warburg effect-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Liu
- Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Key Laboratory for Cognitive Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hui-Ling Tang
- Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wei Zou
- Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
| | - Ping Zhang
- Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
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6
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Vazquez-Juarez E, Srivastava I, Lindskog M. The effect of ketamine on synaptic mistuning induced by impaired glutamate reuptake. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1859-1868. [PMID: 37301901 PMCID: PMC10584870 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mistuning of synaptic transmission has been proposed to underlie many psychiatric disorders, with decreased reuptake of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate as one contributing factor. Synaptic tuning occurs through several diverging and converging forms of plasticity. By recording evoked field postsynaptic potentials in the CA1 area in hippocampal slices, we found that inhibiting glutamate transporters using DL-TBOA causes retuning of synaptic transmission, resulting in a new steady state with reduced synaptic strength and a lower threshold for inducing long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP). Moreover, a similar reduced threshold for LTP was observed in a rat model of depression with decreased levels of glutamate transporters. Most importantly, we found that the antidepressant ketamine counteracts the effects of increased glutamate on the various steps involved in synaptic retuning. We, therefore, propose that ketamine's mechanism of action as an antidepressant is to restore adequate synaptic tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vazquez-Juarez
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ipsit Srivastava
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Lindskog
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
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7
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Li Y, Li J, Yang L, Ren F, Dong K, Zhao Z, Duan W, Wei W, Guo R. Ginsenoside Rb1 protects hippocampal neurons in depressed rats based on mitophagy-regulated astrocytic pyroptosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 121:155083. [PMID: 37722244 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocytes play a vital role in offering functional support for neurons, which are related to the pathogenic mechanism of depression. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) is demonstrated with antidepressant-like activities. PURPOSE We aimed to investigate whether GRb1 can inhibit mitophagy-mediated astrocytic pyroptosis to protect neurons in depression. STUDY DESIGN Model rats were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for determining the in vivo antidepressant activity of GRb1. METHODS The mitophagy-mediated antipyroptosis role of GRb1 was assessed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + ATP-stimulated astrocytes. The mechanism by which GRb1 protects synaptic plasticity was investigated using hippocampal neurons incubated in an astrocyte medium. The rat depressive-like behaviors were determined through sucrose preference, forced swimming, and the open-field tests. Escitalopram was used in the anti-depression control of GRb1. Cyclosporin A (CsA), a mitophagy inhibitor, and interleukin (IL)-1β were used to reverse the role of GRb1 in mitophagy and pyroptosis, respectively. RESULTS GRb1 inhibited LPS-induced inflammation and activation in the astrocytes and repressed nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway. Also, GRb1 repressed LPS + ATP-promoted astrocytic pyroptosis. During GRb1 treatment, the activation of mitophagy with a decrease in ROS was observed in LPS + ATPs-stimulated astrocytes. CsA enhanced GRb1-decreased ROS and promoted astrocytic pyroptosis. The GRb1-treated astrocyte medium suppressed neuron death and increased neuron viability and synaptic density. Escitalopram and GRb1 improved the depressive-like behaviors of the rats. GRb1 activated mitophagy and inhibited astrocytic activation and pyroptosis in rats with depression. It also reduced impairments in synaptic structures and increased synaptic density in depressive-like rats. IL-1β increased astrocytic pyroptosis and reversed GRb1-enhanced synaptic plasticity in the rats exposed to CUMS. There were no statistical changes in depressive-like behaviors between GRb1 and Escitalopram groups. CONCLUSION GRb1 modulates mitophagy and the NF-κB pathway to inhibit astrocytic pyroptosis, thereby maintaining neurological homeostasis by repressing inflammation and enhancing synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Junnan Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Lixuan Yang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Feifei Ren
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Kaiqiang Dong
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wenzhe Duan
- Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Rongjuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China.
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8
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Ji GJ, Li J, Liao W, Wang Y, Zhang L, Bai T, Zhang T, Xie W, He K, Zhu C, Dukart J, Baeken C, Tian Y, Wang K. Neuroplasticity-Related Genes and Dopamine Receptors Associated with Regional Cortical Thickness Increase Following Electroconvulsive Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1465-1475. [PMID: 36469225 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective neuromodulatory therapy for major depressive disorder (MDD). Treatment is associated with regional changes in brain structure and function, indicating activation of neuroplastic processes. To investigate the underlying neurobiological mechanism of macroscopic reorganization following ECT, we longitudinally (before and after ECT in two centers) collected magnetic resonance images for 96 MDD patients. Similar patterns of cortical thickness (CT) changes following ECT were observed in two centers. These CT changes were spatially colocalized with a weighted combination of genes enriched for neuroplasticity-related ontology terms and pathways (e.g., synaptic pruning) as well as with a higher density of D2/3 dopamine receptors. A multiple linear regression model indicated that the region-specific gene expression and receptor density patterns explained 40% of the variance in CT changes after ECT. In conclusion, these findings suggested that dopamine signaling and neuroplasticity-related genes are associated with the ECT-induced morphological reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Jun Ji
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, China. .,Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230088, China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, 230032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Jiao Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Wei Liao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China.,MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Yingru Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, China.,Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230088, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, 230032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, 230032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tongjian Bai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, China.,Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230088, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, 230032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230088, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, 230032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Kongliang He
- Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Chuyan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, China.,Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230088, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, 230032, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Juergen Dukart
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour, Research Centre Jülich, INM-7), Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40210, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Chris Baeken
- Experimental Psychiatry Lab, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Psychiatry, Free University Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230032, China. .,Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230088, China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, 230032, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China. .,Anhui Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China.
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9
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Astrocytes as Context for the Involvement of Myelin and Nodes of Ranvier in the Pathophysiology of Depression and Stress-Related Disorders. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2023; 8:e230001. [PMID: 36866235 PMCID: PMC9976698 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20230001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes, despite some shared features as glial cells supporting neuronal function in gray and white matter, participate and adapt their morphology and neurochemistry in a plethora of distinct regulatory tasks in specific neural environments. In the white matter, a large proportion of the processes branching from the astrocytes' cell bodies establish contacts with oligodendrocytes and the myelin they form, while the tips of many astrocyte branches closely associate with nodes of Ranvier. Stability of myelin has been shown to greatly depend on astrocyte-to-oligodendrocyte communication, while the integrity of action potentials that regenerate at nodes of Ranvier has been shown to depend on extracellular matrix components heavily contributed by astrocytes. Several lines of evidence are starting to show that in human subjects with affective disorders and in animal models of chronic stress there are significant changes in myelin components, white matter astrocytes and nodes of Ranvier that have direct relevance to connectivity alterations in those disorders. Some of these changes involve the expression of connexins supporting astrocyte-to-oligodendrocyte gap junctions, extracellular matrix components produced by astrocytes around nodes of Ranvier, specific types of astrocyte glutamate transporters, and neurotrophic factors secreted by astrocytes that are involved in the development and plasticity of myelin. Future studies should further examine the mechanisms responsible for those changes in white matter astrocytes, their putative contribution to pathological connectivity in affective disorders, and the possibility of leveraging that knowledge to design new therapies for psychiatric disorders.
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10
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ERK/mTOR signaling may underlying the antidepressant actions of rapastinel in mice. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:522. [PMID: 36550125 PMCID: PMC9780240 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapastinel as the allosteric modulator of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) produces rapid antidepressant-like effects dependent on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and VGF (nonacryonimic) release. Herein, we further explore the molecular mechanisms of the antidepressant effects of repeated administration with rapastinel in mice. Our results showed that continuous 3-day rapastinel (5 and 10 mg/kg, i.v.) produced antidepressant-like actions dependent on the increase in extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and downstream substrates p70S6 kinase (p70S6k) and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), which may induce the expression of VGF and BDNF in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of mice. Furthermore, compared with a single treatment, our data indicated that 3-day repeated rapastinel treatment produced antidepressant-like actions accompanied by potentiation of ERK/mTOR/VGF/BDNF/tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) signaling. Based on previous and our supplementary data that showed the pivotal role of on α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) in the rapid release of VGF and BDNF and activation of TrkB by a single dose of rapastinel, we postulate that the antidepressant-like effects of single or repeated administration of rapastinel may result in the rapid release of VGF and BDNF or ERK/mTOR signaling pathway-mediated VGF/BDNF/TrkB autoregulatory feedback loop respectively. Our current work adds new knowledge to the molecular mechanisms that underlie the antidepressant-like actions of rapastinel in mice.
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Chen HM, Chung YCE, Chen HC, Liu YW, Chen IM, Lu ML, Hsiao FSH, Chen CH, Huang MC, Shih WL, Kuo PH. Exploration of the relationship between gut microbiota and fecal microRNAs in patients with major depressive disorder. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20977. [PMID: 36470908 PMCID: PMC9722658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota-gut-brain axis signaling plays a pivotal role in mood disorders. The communication between the host and the gut microbiota may involve complex regulatory networks. Previous evidence showed that host-fecal microRNAs (miRNAs) interactions partly shaped gut microbiota composition. We hypothesized that some miRNAs are correlated with specific bacteria in the fecal samples in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and these miRNAs would show enrichment in pathways associated with MDD. MDD patients and healthy controls were recruited to collect fecal samples. We performed 16S ribosome RNA sequence using the Illumina MiSeq sequencers and analysis of 798 fecal miRNAs using the nCounter Human-v2 miRNA Panel in 20 subjects. We calculated the Spearman correlation coefficient for bacteria abundance and miRNA expressions, and analyzed the predicted miRNA pathways by enrichment analysis with false-discovery correction (FDR). A total of 270 genera and 798 miRNAs were detected in the fecal samples. Seven genera (Anaerostipes, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Collinsella, Dialister, and Roseburia) had fold changes greater than one and were present in over 90% of all fecal samples. In particular, Bacteroides and Dialister significantly differed between the MDD and control groups (p-value < 0.05). The correlation coefficients between the seven genera and miRNAs in patients with MDD showed 48 pairs of positive correlations and 36 negative correlations (p-value < 0.01). For miRNA predicted functions, there were 57 predicted pathways with a p-value < 0.001, including MDD-associated pathways, axon guidance, circadian rhythm, dopaminergic synapse, focal adhesion, long-term potentiation, and neurotrophin signaling pathway. In the current pilot study, our findings suggest specific genera highly correlated with the predicted miRNA functions, which might provide clues for the interaction between host factors and gut microbiota via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Follow-up studies with larger sample sizes and refined experimental design are essential to dissect the roles between gut microbiota and miRNAs for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Mei Chen
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chu Ella Chung
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan ,grid.59784.370000000406229172Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 350 Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chung Chen
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100 Taiwan ,grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Center of Sleep Disorders, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wenn Liu
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Chen
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100 Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Mong-Liang Lu
- grid.416930.90000 0004 0639 4389Department of Psychiatry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 116 Taiwan ,grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110 Taiwan
| | - Felix Shih-Hsiang Hsiao
- grid.412063.20000 0004 0639 3626Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, No. 1, Sec. 1, Shennong Rd., Yilan City, Yilan County, 260007 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsin Chen
- grid.416930.90000 0004 0639 4389Department of Psychiatry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 116 Taiwan ,grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chyi Huang
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110 Taiwan ,Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, 110 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Liang Shih
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan ,grid.454740.6Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare and National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan ,grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, 100 Taiwan ,grid.416930.90000 0004 0639 4389Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Brown JC, Higgins ES, George MS. Synaptic Plasticity 101: The Story of the AMPA Receptor for the Brain Stimulation Practitioner. Neuromodulation 2022; 25:1289-1298. [PMID: 35088731 PMCID: PMC10479373 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The fields of Neurobiology and Neuromodulation have never been closer. Consequently, the phrase "synaptic plasticity" has become very familiar to non-basic scientists, without actually being very familiar. We present the "Story of the AMPA receptor," an easy-to-understand "10,000 ft" narrative overview of synaptic plasticity, oriented toward the brain stimulation clinician or scientist without basic science training. Neuromodulation is unparalleled in its capacity to both modulate and probe plasticity, yet many are not comfortable with their grasp of the topic. Here, we describe the seminal discoveries that defined the canonical mechanisms of long-term potentiation (LTP), long-term depression (LTD), and homeostatic plasticity. We then provide a conceptual framework for how plasticity at the synapse is accomplished, describing the functional roles of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and calcium, their effect on calmodulin, phosphatases (ie, calcineurin), kinases (ie, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase [CaMKII]), and structural "scaffolding" proteins (ie, post-synaptic density protein [PSD-95]). Ultimately, we describe how these affect the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor. More specifically, AMPA receptor delivery to (LTP induction), removal from (LTD), or recycling within (LTP maintenance) the synapse is determined by the status of phosphorylation and protein binding at specific sites on the tails of AMPA receptor subunits: GluA1 and GluA2. Finally, we relate these to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment, highlighting evidences for LTP as the basis of high-frequency TMS therapy, and briefly touch on the role of plasticity for other brain stimulation modalities. In summary, we present Synaptic Plasticity 101 as a singular introductory reference for those less familiar with the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Brown
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Edmund S Higgins
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mark S George
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
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Nasarudeen R, Singh A, Rana ZS, Punnakkal P. Epileptiform activity induced metaplasticity impairs bidirectional plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 synapses via GluN2B NMDA receptors. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:3339-3349. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Zhao DP, Lei X, Wang YY, Xue A, Zhao CY, Xu YM, Zhang Y, Liu GL, Geng F, Xu HD, Zhang N. Sagacious confucius’ pillow elixir ameliorates Dgalactose induced cognitive injury in mice via estrogenic effects and synaptic plasticity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:971385. [PMID: 36249769 PMCID: PMC9555387 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.971385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a growing concern in modern society, and there is currently a lack of effective therapeutic drugs. Sagacious Confucius’ Pillow Elixir (SCPE) has been studied for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. This study aimed to reveal the key components and mechanisms of SCPE’s anti-AD effect by combining Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-electrostatic field Orbitrap combined high-resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap-MS) with a network pharmacology approach. And the mechanism was verified by in vivo experiments. Based on UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap-MS technique identified 9 blood components from rat serum containing SCPE, corresponding to 113 anti-AD targets, and 15 of the 113 targets had high connectivity. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that estrogen signaling pathway and synaptic signaling pathway were the most significantly enriched pathways in SCPE anti-AD, which has been proved by in vivo experiments. SCPE can exert estrogenic effects in the brain by increasing the amount of estrogen in the brain and the expression of ERα receptors. SCPE can enhance the synaptic structure plasticity by promoting the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) secretion and improving actin polymerization and coordinates cofilin activity. In addition, SCPE also enhances synaptic functional plasticity by increasing the density of postsynaptic densified 95 (PSD95) proteins and the expression of functional receptor AMPA. SCPE is effective for treatment of AD and the mechanism is related to increasing estrogenic effects and improving synaptic plasticity. Our study revealed the synergistic effect of SCPE at the system level and showed that SCPE exhibits anti-AD effects in a multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway manner. All these provide experimental support for the clinical application and drug development of SCPE in the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Ping Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xia Lei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jiangsu, Wuxi, China
| | - Yue-Ying Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ao Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chen-Yu Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan-Ming Xu
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guo-Liang Liu
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Biomaterials and Energy Storage Materials of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Geng, ; Hong-Dan Xu, ; Ning Zhang,
| | - Hong-Dan Xu
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
- College of Pharmacy, Wuxi Higher Health Vocational Technology School, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Geng, ; Hong-Dan Xu, ; Ning Zhang,
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- College of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Geng, ; Hong-Dan Xu, ; Ning Zhang,
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Roy B, Ochi S, Dwivedi Y. M6A RNA Methylation-Based Epitranscriptomic Modifications in Plasticity-Related Genes via miR-124-C/EBPα-FTO-Transcriptional Axis in the Hippocampus of Learned Helplessness Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 25:1037-1049. [PMID: 36161325 PMCID: PMC9743968 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired synaptic plasticity has been linked to dynamic gene regulatory network changes. Recently, gene regulation has been introduced with the emerging concept of unique N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-based reversible transcript methylation. In this study, we tested whether m6A RNA methylation may potentially serve as a link between the stressful insults and altered expression of plasticity-related genes. METHODS Expression of plasticity genes Nr3c1, Creb1, Ntrk2; m6A-modifying enzymes Fto, methyltransferase like (Mettl)-3 and 14; DNA methylation enzymes Dnmt1, Dnmt3a; transcription factor C/ebp-α; and miRNA-124-3p were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in the hippocampus of rats that showed susceptibility to develop stress-induced depression (learned helplessness). M6A methylation of plasticity-related genes was determined following m6A mRNA immunoprecipitation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to examine the endogenous binding of C/EBP-α to the Fto promoter. MiR-124-mediated post-transcriptional inhibition of Fto via C/EBPα was determined using an in vitro model. RESULTS Hippocampus of learned helplessness rats showed downregulation of Nr3c1, Creb1, and Ntrk2 along with enrichment in their m6A methylation. A downregulation in demethylating enzyme Fto and upregulation in methylating enzyme Mettl3 were also noted. The Fto promoter was hypomethylated due to the lower expression of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a. At the same time, there was a lower occupancy of transcription factor C/EBPα on the Fto promoter. Conversely, C/ebp-α transcript was downregulated via induced miR-124-3p expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study mechanistically linked defective C/EBP-α-FTO-axis, epigenetically influenced by induced expression of miR-124-3p, in modifying m6A enrichment in plasticity-related genes. This could potentially be linked with abnormal neuronal plasticity in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Roy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama atBirmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Shinichiro Ochi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama atBirmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Correspondence: Yogesh Dwivedi, PhD, Elesabeth Ridgely Shook Professor, Director of Translational Research, UAB Mood Disorder Program, Codirector, Depression and Suicide Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SC711 Sparks Center, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, USA ()
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Bakulin I, Zabirova A, Sinitsyn D, Poydasheva A, Lagoda D, Suponeva N, Piradov M. Adding a Second iTBS Block in 15 or 60 Min Time Interval Does Not Increase iTBS Effects on Motor Cortex Excitability and the Responder Rates. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081064. [PMID: 36009127 PMCID: PMC9405900 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of metaplasticity-based intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) protocols including several stimulation blocks could be a possible approach to increasing stimulation effectiveness. Our aim was to investigate the neurophysiological effects of two protocols with a short and a long interval between blocks. Seventeen healthy volunteers received four protocols in a pseudorandomized order: iTBS 0-15 (two blocks of active iTBS of primary motor cortex (M1) separated by 15 min and a control stimulation block of the vertex in 60 min from the first block); iTBS 0-60 (active iTBS, a control block in 15 min, and an active block in 60 min); iTBS 0 (active iTBS and two control blocks with the same intervals); and Control (three control blocks). The motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were measured before the first and after the second and third blocks. We have shown no significant differences between the effects of the protocols on both the motor cortex excitability and the responder rates. No significant changes of MEPs were observed after all the protocols. The reliability for the responsiveness to a single block between two sessions was insignificant. Our data confirm low reproducibility of the response to iTBS and suggest that the use of repeated protocols does not increase the responder rates or neurophysiological effects of iTBS.
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Life extension factor klotho regulates behavioral responses to stress via modulation of GluN2B function in the nucleus accumbens. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1710-1720. [PMID: 35449449 PMCID: PMC9283408 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Klotho is a life extension factor that has the ability to regulate the function of GluN2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), whose dysfunction in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) underlies critical aspects of the pathophysiology of major depression. Here, we study the functional relevance of klotho in the pathogenesis of depression. A chronic social defeat stress paradigm, in which mice are categorized as either susceptible or unsusceptible based on their performance in a social interaction test, was used in this study. We found that the expression of klotho was largely decreased in the NAc of susceptible mice compared to control or unsusceptible mice. Genetic knockdown of klotho in the NAc induced behavioral alterations relevant to depression in naive mice, while overexpression of klotho produced an antidepressive effect in normal mice and ameliorated the behavioral responses to stress in susceptible mice. Molecularly, knockdown of klotho in the NAc resulted in selective decreases in total and synaptic GluN2B expression that were identical to those in susceptible mice. Elevation of klotho in the NAc reversed the reductions in GluN2B expressions and altered synaptic transmission and spine density in the NAc of susceptible mice. Furthermore, blockade of GluN2B with a specific antagonist abolished the beneficial effects of klotho elevation in susceptible mice. Collectively, we demonstrated that klotho in the NAc modulates behavioral responses to stress by regulating the function of GluN2B-containing NMDARs. These results reveal a novel role for klotho in the pathogenesis of depression, providing new insights into the molecular basis of major depression.
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Liang X, Tang J, Qi YQ, Luo YM, Yang CM, Dou XY, Jiang L, Xiao Q, Zhang L, Chao FL, Zhou CN, Tang Y. Exercise more efficiently regulates the maturation of newborn neurons and synaptic plasticity than fluoxetine in a CUS-induced depression mouse model. Exp Neurol 2022; 354:114103. [PMID: 35525307 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Depression, a common and important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is commonly treated with antidepressants, electric shock and psychotherapy. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that exercise can effectively alleviate depression. To determine the difference in efficacy between exercise and the classic antidepressant fluoxetine in treating depression, we established four groups: the Control, chronic unpredictable stress (CUS/STD), running (CUS/RUN) and fluoxetine (CUS/FLX) groups. The sucrose preference test (SPT), the forced swimming test (FST), the tail suspension test (TST), immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and stereological analyses were used to clarify the difference in therapeutic efficacy and mechanism between exercise and fluoxetine in the treatment of depression. In the seventh week, the sucrose preference of the CUS/RUN group was significantly higher than that of the CUS/STD group, while the sucrose preference of the CUS/FLX group did not differ from that of the CUS/STD group until the eighth week. Exercise reduced the immobility time in the FST and TST, while fluoxetine only reduced immobility time in the TST. Hippocampal structure analysis showed that the CUS/STD group exhibited an increase in immature neurons and a decrease in mature neurons. Exercise reduced the number of immature neurons and increased the number of mature neurons, but no increase in the number of mature neurons was observed after fluoxetine treatment. In addition, both running and fluoxetine reversed the decrease in the number of MAP2+ dendrites in depressed mice. Exercise increased the number of spinophilin-positive (Sp+) dendritic spines in the hippocampal CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) regions, whereas fluoxetine only increased the number of SP+ spines in the DG. In summary, exercise promoted newborn neuron maturation in the DG and regulated neuronal plasticity in three hippocampal subregions, which might explain why running exerts earlier and more comprehensive antidepressant effects than fluoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Jing Tang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Ying-Qiang Qi
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yan-Min Luo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Chun-Mao Yang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yun Dou
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Department of Radioactive Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Feng-Lei Chao
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Chun-Ni Zhou
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yong Tang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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Bazzari AH, Bazzari FH. BDNF Therapeutic Mechanisms in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158417. [PMID: 35955546 PMCID: PMC9368938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most abundant neurotrophin in the adult brain and functions as both a primary neurotrophic signal and a neuromodulator. It serves essential roles in neuronal development, maintenance, transmission, and plasticity, thereby influencing aging, cognition, and behavior. Accumulating evidence associates reduced central and peripheral BDNF levels with various neuropsychiatric disorders, supporting its potential utilization as a biomarker of central pathologies. Subsequently, extensive research has been conducted to evaluate restoring, or otherwise augmenting, BDNF transmission as a potential therapeutic approach. Promising results were indeed observed for genetic BDNF upregulation or exogenous administration using a multitude of murine models of neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, varying mechanisms have been proposed to underlie the observed therapeutic effects, and many findings indicate the engagement of disease-specific and other non-specific mechanisms. This is because BDNF essentially affects all aspects of neuronal cellular function through tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor signaling, the disruptions of which vary between brain regions across different pathologies leading to diversified consequences on cognition and behavior. Herein, we review the neurophysiology of BDNF transmission and signaling and classify the converging and diverging molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic potentials in neuropsychiatric disorders. These include neuroprotection, synaptic maintenance, immunomodulation, plasticity facilitation, secondary neuromodulation, and preservation of neurovascular unit integrity and cellular viability. Lastly, we discuss several findings suggesting BDNF as a common mediator of the therapeutic actions of centrally acting pharmacological agents used in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad H. Bazzari
- Faculty of Medicine, Arab American University, 13 Zababdeh, Jenin 240, Palestine
- Correspondence:
| | - Firas H. Bazzari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab American University, 13 Zababdeh, Jenin 240, Palestine;
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Burgdorf JS, Zhang XL, Stanton PK, Moskal JR, Donello JE. Zelquistinel Is an Orally Bioavailable Novel NMDA Receptor Allosteric Modulator That Exhibits Rapid and Sustained Antidepressant-Like Effects. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 25:979-991. [PMID: 35882204 PMCID: PMC9743962 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of glutamatergic receptors in major depressive disorder continues to be of great interest for therapeutic development. Recent studies suggest that both negative and positive modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) can produce rapid antidepressant effects. Here we report that zelquistinel, a novel NMDAR allosteric modulator, exhibits high oral bioavailability and dose-proportional exposures in plasma and the central nervous system and produces rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects in rodents by enhancing activity-dependent, long-term synaptic plasticity. METHODS NMDAR-mediated functional activity was measured in cultured rat brain cortical neurons (calcium imaging), hNR2A or B subtype-expressing HEK cells, and synaptic plasticity in rat hippocampal and medial prefrontal cortex slices in vitro. Pharmacokinetics were evaluated in rats following oral administration. Antidepressant-like effects were assessed in the rat forced swim test and the chronic social deficit mouse model. Target engagement and the safety/tolerability profile was assessed using phencyclidine-induced hyperlocomotion and rotarod rodent models. RESULTS Following a single oral dose, zelquistinel (0.1-100 µg/kg) produced rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects in the rodent depression models. Brain/ cerebrospinal fluid concentrations associated with zelquistinel antidepressant-like activity also increased NMDAR function and rapidly and persistently enhanced activity-dependent synaptic plasticity (long-term potentiation), suggesting that zelquistinel produces antidepressant-like effects by enhancing NMDAR function and synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, Zelquistinel inhibited phencyclidine (an NMDAR antagonist)-induced hyperlocomotion and did not impact rotarod performance. CONCLUSIONS Zelquistinel produces rapid and sustained antidepressant effects by positively modulating the NMDARs, thereby enhancing long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Burgdorf
- Correspondence: Jeffrey Burgdorf, PhD, 1801 Maple Ave, Suite 4300, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA ()
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Patric K Stanton
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Joseph R Moskal
- Falk Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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21
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The altered multiscale dynamics of spontaneous brain activity in depression with Parkinson’s disease. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:4211-4219. [PMID: 35237895 PMCID: PMC9213374 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-05974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Depression is one typical mood disorder in Parkinson’s disease (DPD). The alterations in the resting-state brain activities are believed to be associated with DPD. These resting-state activities are regulated by neurophysiological components over multiple temporal scales. The multiscale dynamics of these spontaneous fluctuations are thus complex, but not well-characterized.
Objective
To characterize the complexity of the spontaneous blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) of fMRI in DPD. We hypothesized that (1) compared to non-depression PD (NDPD), the complexity in DPD would be lower; and (2) the diminished complexity would be associated with lower connections/communications between brain regions.
Methods
Twenty-nine participants (10 in DPD and 19 in NDPD) who were naïve to medications completed a resting-sate functional MRI scan. The BOLD complexity within each voxel was calculated by using multiscale entropy (MSE). The complexity of the whole brain and each of the 90 regions parcellated following automated-anatomical-labeling template was then obtained by averaging voxel-wised complexity across all brain regions or within each region. The level of connections of regions with diminished complexity was measured by their own global functional connectivity (FC).
Results
As compared to NDPD patients, the whole-brain complexity and complexity in 18 regions were significantly lower in DPD (F > 16.3, p < 0.0005). Particularly, in eight of the 18 regions, lower complexity was associated with lower global FC (Beta = 0.333 ~ 0.611, p = 0.000 ~ 0.030).
Conclusion
The results from this pilot study suggest that the resting-state BOLD complexity may provide critical knowledge into the pathology of DPD. Future studies are thus warranted to confirm the findings of this study.
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Mao LM, Mathur N, Wang JQ. Downregulation of surface AMPA receptor expression in the striatum following prolonged social isolation, a role of mGlu5 receptors. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:22-30. [PMID: 35711245 PMCID: PMC9193854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a common and serious mood illness. The molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and symptomatology of depression are poorly understood at present. Multiple neurotransmitter systems are believed to be implicated in depression. Increasing evidence supports glutamatergic transmission as a critical element in depression and antidepressant activity. In this study, we investigated adaptive changes in expression of AMPA receptors in a key limbic reward structure, the striatum, in response to an anhedonic model of depression. Prolonged social isolation in adult rats caused anhedonic/depression- and anxiety-like behavior. In these depressed rats, surface levels of AMPA receptors, mainly GluA1 and GluA3 subunits, were reduced in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Surface GluA1/A3 expression was also reduced in the caudate putamen (CPu) following chronic social isolation. No change was observed in expression of presynaptic synaptophysin, postsynaptic density-95, and dendritic microtubule-associated protein 2 in the striatum. Noticeably, chronic treatment with the metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor 5 antagonist MTEP reversed the reduction of AMPA receptors in the NAc and CPu. MTEP also prevented depression- and anxiety-like behavior induced by social isolation. These data indicate that adulthood prolonged social isolation induces the adaptive downregulation of GluA1/A3-containing AMPA receptor expression in the limbic striatum. mGlu5 receptor activity is linked to this downregulation, and antagonism of mGlu5 receptors produces an antidepressant effect in this anhedonic model of depression.
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Key Words
- AMPA, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid;
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- Antidepressant
- CDH2, Cadherin-2
- CPu, caudate putamen
- Caudate putamen
- GluA1
- MAP-2, microtubule-associated protein 2
- MTEP
- MTEP, 3-[(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl]-pyridine
- Metabotropic glutamate receptor
- NAc, nucleus accumbens
- NCAD, neural cadherin
- Nucleus accumbens
- PFC, prefrontal cortex
- PSD-95, postsynaptic density-95
- Social isolation
- mGlu, metabotropic glutamate
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Min Mao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Nirav Mathur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - John Q. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA,Correspondence to: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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23
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Hippocampal F3/Contactin plays a role in chronic stress-induced depressive-like effects and the antidepressant actions of vortioxetine in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115097. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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24
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Synaptic plasticity and depression: the role of miRNAs dysregulation. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9759-9765. [PMID: 35441941 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been recently shown to exert several functional roles in the development and function of neurons. Moreover, numerous miRNAs are present in high abundance in presynaptic and postsynaptic sites regulating synaptic plasticity and activity through different mechanisms. METHODS We searched PubMed and Google Scholar databases with key words "Synaptic plasticity", "miRNA" and "major depressive disorder. RESULTS Synaptic plasticity has an essential role in the ability of the brain to integrate transitory experiences into constant memory traces. Thus, it participates in the development of neuropsychiatric diseases such as major depressive disorder (MDD). Most notably, MDD-related alterations in synaptic function have been found to be closely related with abnormal expression of miRNAs. CONCLUSIONS Several miRNAs such as miR-9-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-128-3, miR-26a-3p, miR-218, miR-22-3p, miR-124-3p, miR-136-3p, miR-154-5p, miR-323a-3p, miR-425-5p, miR-34a, miR-137, miR-204-5p, miR-99a, miR-134, miR-124-3p and miR-3130-5p have been shown to be involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity in the context of MDD. In the current review, we elaborate the role of miRNAs in regulation of this important neuronal feature in MDD.
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25
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Thangwong P, Jearjaroen P, Govitrapong P, Tocharus C, Tocharus J. Melatonin improves cognitive function by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress and promoting synaptic plasticity during chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114980. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Navakkode S, Zhai J, Wong YP, Li G, Soong TW. Enhanced long-term potentiation and impaired learning in mice lacking alternative exon 33 of Ca V1.2 calcium channel. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:1. [PMID: 35013113 PMCID: PMC8748671 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The CACNA1C (calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha 1 C) gene that encodes the CaV1.2 channel is a prominent risk gene for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders with cognitive and social impairments like schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, depression and autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). We have shown previously that mice with exon 33 deleted from CaV1.2 channel (CaV1.2-exon 33-/-) displayed increased CaV1.2 current density and single channel open probability in cardiomyocytes, and were prone to develop arrhythmia. As Ca2+ entry through CaV1.2 channels activates gene transcription in response to synaptic activity, we were intrigued to explore the possible role of Cav1.2Δ33 channels in synaptic plasticity and behaviour. Homozygous deletion of alternative exon 33 resulted in enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP), and lack of long- term depression (LTD), which did not correlate with enhanced learning. Exon 33 deletion also led to a decrease in social dominance, sociability and social novelty. Our findings shed light on the effect of gain-of-function of CaV1.2Δ33 signalling on synaptic plasticity and behaviour and provides evidence for a link between CaV1.2 and distinct cognitive and social behaviours associated with phenotypic features of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeja Navakkode
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Zhai
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuk Peng Wong
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guang Li
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286Present Address: Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan China
| | - Tuck Wah Soong
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Healthy Longevity Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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27
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Yan Y, Tian M, Li M, Zhou G, Chen Q, Xu M, Hu Y, Luo W, Guo X, Zhang C, Xie H, Wu QF, Xiong W, Liu S, Guan JS. ASH1L haploinsufficiency results in autistic-like phenotypes in mice and links Eph receptor gene to autism spectrum disorder. Neuron 2022; 110:1156-1172.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Zhou L, Xiong JY, Chai YQ, Huang L, Tang ZY, Zhang XF, Liu B, Zhang JT. Possible antidepressant mechanisms of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids acting on the central nervous system. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:933704. [PMID: 36117650 PMCID: PMC9473681 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.933704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can play important roles in maintaining mental health and resistance to stress, and omega-3 PUFAs supplementation can display beneficial effects on both the prevention and treatment of depressive disorders. Although the underlying mechanisms are still unclear, accumulated evidence indicates that omega-3 PUFAs can exhibit pleiotropic effects on the neural structure and function. Thus, they play fundamental roles in brain activities involved in the mood regulation. Since depressive symptoms have been assumed to be of central origin, this review aims to summarize the recently published studies to identify the potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying the anti-depressant effects of omega-3 PUFAs. These include that of (1) anti-neuroinflammatory; (2) hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; (3) anti-oxidative stress; (4) anti-neurodegeneration; (5) neuroplasticity and synaptic plasticity; and (6) modulation of neurotransmitter systems. Despite many lines of evidence have hinted that these mechanisms may co-exist and work in concert to produce anti-depressive effects, the potentially multiple sites of action of omega-3 PUFAs need to be fully established. We also discussed the limitations of current studies and suggest future directions for preclinical and translational research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Zhou
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China.,Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yao Xiong
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qian Chai
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China.,Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zi-Yang Tang
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China.,Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xin-Feng Zhang
- Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Jingzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Jingzhou Mental Health Center, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jun-Tao Zhang
- Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou, China.,Mental Health Institute of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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29
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Fan H, Wang Y, Tang X, Yang L, Song W, Zou Y. Expression of early growth responsive gene-1 in the visual cortex of monocular form deprivation amblyopic kittens. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:394. [PMID: 34781927 PMCID: PMC8594179 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study compared the expression of early growth responsive gene-1 (Egr-1) in visual cortex between amblyopia kittens and normal kittens, and to explore the role of Egr-1 in the pathogenesis of amblyopia. METHODS A total of 20 healthy kittens were randomly divided into deprivation group and control group with 10 kittens in each group. Raised in natural light, and covered the right eye of the deprived kittens with a black opaque covering cloth. Pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEP) were measured before and at the 1st, 3rd and 5th week after covering in all kittens. After the last PVEP test, all kittens were killed. The expression of Egr-1 in the visual cortex of the two groups was compared by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. RESULTS PVEP detection showed that at the age of 6 and 8 weeks, the P100 wave latency in the right eye of deprivation group was higher than that in the left eye of deprivation group (P < 0.05) and the right eye of control group (P < 0.05), while the amplitude decreased (P < 0.05). The number of positive cells (P < 0.05) and mean optical density (P < 0.05) of Egr-1 protein expression in visual cortex of 8-week-old deprivation group were lower than those of normal group, as well as the number (P < 0.05) and mean optical density of Egr-1 mRNA-positive cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Monocular form deprivation amblyopia can lead to the decrease of Egr-1 protein and mRNA expression in visual cortex, and then promote the occurrence and development of amblyopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Innovative Platform for Basic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiuping Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Liyuan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Weiqi Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yunchun Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
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30
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Tripathi A, Scaini G, Barichello T, Quevedo J, Pillai A. Mitophagy in depression: Pathophysiology and treatment targets. Mitochondrion 2021; 61:1-10. [PMID: 34478906 PMCID: PMC8962570 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, the 'powerhouse' of eukaryotic cells, play a key role in cellular homeostasis. However, defective mitochondria increase mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production and cell-free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release, leading to increased inflammation. Mitophagy is a vital pathway, which selectively removes defective mitochondria through the process of autophagy. Thus, an impairment in the mitophagy pathway might trigger the gradual accumulation of defective mitochondria. Accumulating evidence suggest that inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are linked to the pathogenesis of depression. In this article, we have reviewed the role of impaired mitophagy as a contributing factor in depression pathophysiology. Further, we have discussed the potential therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating mitophagy in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Tripathi
- Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA; Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Anilkumar Pillai
- Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA; Research and Development, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
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31
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Duffau H. Introducing the concept of brain metaplasticity in glioma: how to reorient the pattern of neural reconfiguration to optimize the therapeutic strategy. J Neurosurg 2021; 136:613-617. [PMID: 34624858 DOI: 10.3171/2021.5.jns211214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Duffau
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier University Medical Center; Team "Neuroplasticity, Stem Cells and Glial Tumors," Institute of Functional Genomics, INSERM U-1191, University of Montpellier; and University of Montpellier, France
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32
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Lee LC, Su MT, Huang HY, Cho YC, Yeh TK, Chang CY. Association of CaMK2A and MeCP2 signaling pathways with cognitive ability in adolescents. Mol Brain 2021; 14:152. [PMID: 34607601 PMCID: PMC8491411 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The glutamatergic signaling pathway is involved in molecular learning and human cognitive ability. Specific single variants (SNVs, formerly single-nucleotide polymorphisms) in the genes encoding N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunits have been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders by altering glutamate transmission. However, these variants associated with cognition and mental activity have rarely been explored in healthy adolescents. In this study, we screened for SNVs in the glutamatergic signaling pathway to identify genetic variants associated with cognitive ability. We found that SNVs in the subunits of ionotropic glutamate receptors, including GRIA1, GRIN1, GRIN2B, GRIN2C, GRIN3A, GRIN3B, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMK2A) are associated with cognitive function. Plasma CaMK2A level was correlated positively with the cognitive ability of Taiwanese senior high school students. We demonstrated that elevating CaMK2A increased its autophosphorylation at T286 and increased the expression of its downstream targets, including GluA1 and phosphor- GluA1 in vivo. Additionally, methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), a downstream target of CaMK2A, was found to activate the expression of CaMK2A, suggesting that MeCP2 and CaMK2A can form a positive feedback loop. In summary, two members of the glutamatergic signaling pathway, CaMK2A and MeCP2, are implicated in the cognitive ability of adolescents; thus, altering the expression of CaMK2A may affect cognitive ability in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ching Lee
- Science Education Center and Graduate Institute of Science Education, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Chou Rd., Taipei, 11677, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Tsan Su
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Ying Huang
- Science Education Center and Graduate Institute of Science Education, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Chou Rd., Taipei, 11677, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ying-Chun Cho
- Science Education Center and Graduate Institute of Science Education, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Chou Rd., Taipei, 11677, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ting-Kuang Yeh
- Science Education Center and Graduate Institute of Science Education, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Chou Rd., Taipei, 11677, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Institute of Marine Environment Science and Technology, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Earth Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Yen Chang
- Science Education Center and Graduate Institute of Science Education, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Chou Rd., Taipei, 11677, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Earth Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Piva A, Caffino L, Mottarlini F, Pintori N, Castillo Díaz F, Fumagalli F, Chiamulera C. Metaplastic Effects of Ketamine and MK-801 on Glutamate Receptors Expression in Rat Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3443-3456. [PMID: 33723767 PMCID: PMC8257545 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine and MK-801 by blocking NMDA receptors may induce reinforcing effects as well as schizophrenia-like symptoms. Recent results showed that ketamine can also effectively reverse depressive signs in patients' refractory to standard therapies. This evidence clearly points to the need of characterization of effects of these NMDARs antagonists on relevant brain areas for mood disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular changes occurring at glutamatergic synapses 24 h after ketamine or MK-801 treatment in the rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus (Hipp). In particular, we analyzed the levels of the glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1), NMDA receptors, AMPA receptors subunits, and related scaffolding proteins. In the homogenate, we found a general decrease of protein levels, whereas their changes in the post-synaptic density were more complex. In fact, ketamine in the mPFC decreased the level of GLT-1 and increased the level of GluN2B, GluA1, GluA2, and scaffolding proteins, likely indicating a pattern of enhanced excitability. On the other hand, MK-801 only induced sparse changes with apparently no correlation to functional modification. Differently from mPFC, in Hipp, both substances reduced or caused no changes of glutamate receptors and scaffolding proteins expression. Ketamine decreased NMDA receptors while increased AMPA receptors subunit ratios, an effect indicative of permissive metaplastic modulation; conversely, MK-801 only decreased the latter, possibly representing a blockade of further synaptic plasticity. Taken together, these findings indicate a fine tuning of glutamatergic synapses by ketamine compared to MK-801 both in the mPFC and Hipp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Piva
- Neuropsychopharmacology Lab, Section Pharmacology, Department Diagnostic & Public Health, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, P.le Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Lucia Caffino
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Mottarlini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicholas Pintori
- Neuropsychopharmacology Lab, Section Pharmacology, Department Diagnostic & Public Health, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, P.le Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Fernando Castillo Díaz
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristiano Chiamulera
- Neuropsychopharmacology Lab, Section Pharmacology, Department Diagnostic & Public Health, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, P.le Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
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Xia B, Huang X, Sun G, Tao W. Iridoids from Gardeniae fructus ameliorates depression by enhancing synaptic plasticity via AMPA receptor-mTOR signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113665. [PMID: 33307051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gardeniae fructus is a traditional Chinese herb which exerts antidepressant effect. However, its effective constituent and potential mechanism are still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To examine whether iridoids, a type of monoterpenoids from Gardeniae fructus (IGF), exerts antidepressant effect by enhancing synaptic plasticity via AMPA receptor-mTOR signaling. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antidepressant effect of IGF (15 mg/kg; 30 mg/kg; 45 mg/kg) was investigated in spatial restraint stress (SRS)-induced mice. The expression levels of AMPA receptor-mTOR signaling and synaptic proteins were measured by Western blot, dendritic spine density was observed in Golgi staining. AMPA receptor (AMPAR) inhibitor NBQX and mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin were employed to determine the roles of AMPAR and mTOR signaling in IGF-induced antidepressant effects. RESULTS After IGF administration, the expression of the AMPA glutamate receptor Glutamate Receptor 1 (GluA1) was inhibited in SRS mice. We also observed a trend toward the up-regulation of the mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) protein kinase, p70 ribosomal protein S6K (P70S6K) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1). The protein levels of Synapsin-1 and PSD-95 were decreased after SRS challenge, along with declined dendritic spine density, which were all reversed with IGF treatment. Furthermore, the treatment efficacy of IGF were blocked with AMPA receptor inhibitor NBQX or mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin. CONCLUSION IGF exerted antidepressive-like effects by stimulating AMPAR-mTOR signaling regulated synaptic plasticity enhancement. This work provided an important basis for developing IGF and Gardeniae fructus as potential anti-depressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baomei Xia
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guangda Sun
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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35
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Dias L, Lopes CR, Gonçalves FQ, Nunes A, Pochmann D, Machado NJ, Tomé AR, Agostinho P, Cunha RA. Crosstalk Between ATP-P 2X7 and Adenosine A 2A Receptors Controlling Neuroinflammation in Rats Subject to Repeated Restraint Stress. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:639322. [PMID: 33732112 PMCID: PMC7957057 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.639322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Depressive conditions precipitated by repeated stress are a major socio-economical burden in Western countries. Previous studies showed that ATP-P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) and adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) antagonists attenuate behavioral modifications upon exposure to repeated stress. Since it is unknown if these two purinergic modulation systems work independently, we now investigated a putative interplay between P2X7R and A2AR. Adult rats exposed to restraint stress for 14 days displayed an anxious (thigmotaxis, elevated plus maze), depressive (anhedonia, increased immobility), and amnesic (modified Y maze, object displacement) profile, together with increased expression of Iba-1 (a marker of microglia “activation”) and interleukin-1β (IL1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα; proinflammatory cytokines) and an up-regulation of P2X7R (mRNA) and A2AR (receptor binding) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. All these features were attenuated by the P2X7R-preferring antagonist brilliant blue G (BBG, 45 mg/kg, i.p.) or by caffeine (0.3 g/L, p.o.), which affords neuroprotection through A2AR blockade. Notably, BBG attenuated A2AR upregulation and caffeine attenuated P2X7R upregulation. In microglial N9 cells, the P2X7R agonist BzATP (100 μM) or the A2AR agonist CGS26180 (100 nM) increased calcium levels, which was abrogated by the P2X7R antagonist JNJ47965567 (1 μM) and by the A2AR antagonist SCH58261 (50 nM), respectively; notably JNJ47965567 prevented the effect of CGS21680 and the effect of BzATP was attenuated by SCH58261 and increased by CGS21680. These results provide the first demonstration of a functional interaction between P2X7R and A2AR controlling microglia reactivity likely involved in behavioral adaptive responses to stress and are illustrative of a cooperation between the two arms of the purinergic system in the control of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Dias
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cátia R Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Q Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Nunes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Pochmann
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno J Machado
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angelo R Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Agostinho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Streffer J, Treyer V, Buck A, Ametamey SM, Blagoev M, Maguire RP, Gautier A, Auberson YP, Schmidt ME, Vranesic IT, Gomez-Mancilla B, Gasparini F. Regional brain mGlu5 receptor occupancy following single oral doses of mavoglurant as measured by [ 11C]-ABP688 PET imaging in healthy volunteers. Neuroimage 2021; 230:117785. [PMID: 33545349 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mavoglurant binds to same allosteric site on metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) as [11C]-ABP688, a radioligand. This open-label, single-center pilot study estimates extent of occupancy of mGluR5 receptors following single oral doses of mavoglurant, using [11C]-ABP688 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, in six healthy males aged 20-40 years. This study comprised three periods and six subjects were divided into two cohorts. On Day 1 (Period 1), baseline clinical data and safety samples were obtained along with PET scan. During Period 2 (1-7 days after Period 1), cohort 1 and 2 received mavoglurant 25 mg and 100 mg, respectively. During Period 3 (7 days after Period 2), cohort 1 and 2 received mavoglurant 200 mg and 400 mg, respectively. Mavoglurant showed the highest distribution volumes in the cingulate region with lower uptake in cerebellum and white matter, possibly because myelinated axonal sheets maybe devoid of mGlu5 receptors. Maximum concentrations of mavoglurant were observed around 2-3.25 h post-dose. Mavoglurant passed the blood-brain barrier and induced dose- and exposure-dependent displacement of [11C]-ABP688 from the mGluR5 receptors, 3-4 h post-administration (27%, 59%, 74%, 85% receptor occupancy for mavoglurant 25 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 400 mg dose, respectively). There were no severe adverse effects or clinically significant changes in safety parameters. This is the first human receptor occupancy study completed with Mavoglurant. It served to guide the dosing of mavoglurant in the past and currently ongoing clinical studies. Furthermore, it confirms the utility of [11C]-ABP688 as a unique tool to study drug-induced occupancy of mGlu5 receptors in the living human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Streffer
- Division of Psychiatric Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milen Blagoev
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph P Maguire
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Postfach, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Gautier
- Global Drug Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yves P Auberson
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Postfach, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Mark E Schmidt
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Postfach, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Ivan-Toma Vranesic
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Postfach, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Baltazar Gomez-Mancilla
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Postfach, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Gasparini
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Postfach, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland.
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Heysieattalab S, Sadeghi L. Dynamic structural neuroplasticity during and after epileptogenesis in a pilocarpine rat model of epilepsy. ACTA EPILEPTOLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s42494-020-00037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The role of neuroplasticity in epilepsy has been widely studied in experimental models and human brain samples. However, the results are contradictory and it remains unclear if neuroplasticity is more related to the cause or the consequence of epileptic seizures. Clarifying this issue can provide insights into epilepsy therapies that target the disease mechanism and etiology rather than symptoms. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of structural plasticity in a pilocarpine rat model of epilepsy.
Methods
A single acute dose of pilocarpine (380 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected into adult male Wistar rats to induce status epilepticus (SE). Animal behavior was monitored for 2 h. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate neurogenesis in the CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of hippocampus using biomarkers Ki67 and doublecortin (DCX). The Golgi-Cox method was performed to analyze dendritic length and complexity. All experiments were performed in control rats (baseline), at 24 h after SE, on day 20 after SE (latent phase), after the first and 10th spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS; chronic phase), and in non-epileptic rats (which did not manifest SRS 36 days after pilocarpine injection).
Results
SE significantly increased the number of Ki67 and DCX-positive cells, suggesting neurogenesis during the latent phase. The dendritic complexity monitoring showed that plasticity was altered differently during epilepsy and epileptogenesis, suggesting that the two processes are completely separate at molecular and physiological levels. The numbers of spines and mushroom-type spines were increased in the latent phase. However, the dendritogenesis and spine numbers did not increase in rats that were unable to manifest spontaneous seizures after SE.
Conclusion
All parameters of structural plasticity that increase during epileptogenesis, are reduced by spontaneous seizure occurrence, which suggests that the development of epilepsy involves maladaptive plastic changes. Therefore, the maladaptive plasticity biomarkers can be used to predict epilepsy before development of SRS in the cases of serious brain injury.
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Chen L, Yao Z, Qu S, Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Zhong Z. Electroacupuncture improves synaptic plasticity by regulating the 5-HT1A receptor in hippocampus of rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520918419. [PMID: 32363965 PMCID: PMC7221223 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520918419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the antidepressant effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on
chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in rats, as well as the effects of
EA on hippocampal neurons, synaptic morphology, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (HT)
receptor expression. Methods Forty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control, CUMS,
EA, and paroxetine groups. CUMS modeling was performed for 21 days, followed
by 14 days of intervention: rats in the EA group underwent stimulation of
GV20 and GV29 acupuncture points for 30 minutes daily; rats in the
paroxetine group were administered paroxetine daily. Behavioral tests,
transmission electron microscopy, western blotting, and real-time
quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate the effects of
the intervention. Results EA treatment reversed the behavioral changes observed in rats due to CUMS
modeling; it also improved the pathological changes in organelles and
synaptic structures of hippocampal neurons, and upregulated the protein and
mRNA expression levels of 5-HT1A receptor. There were no significant
differences in 5-HT1B receptor protein and mRNA expression levels among the
groups. Conclusions EA treatment can alleviate depression-like symptoms in CUMS rats. The
underlying mechanism may include promoting the expression of 5-HT1A receptor
mRNA and protein, thereby improving synaptic plasticity in the
hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixing Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengyu Yao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Qu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialing Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jiping Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhinan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yoshino Y, Roy B, Kumar N, Shahid Mukhtar M, Dwivedi Y. Molecular pathology associated with altered synaptic transcriptome in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of depressed subjects. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:73. [PMID: 33483466 PMCID: PMC7822869 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted synaptic plasticity is the hallmark of major depressive disorder (MDD), with accompanying changes at the molecular and cellular levels. Often, the maladaptive molecular changes at the synapse are the result of global transcriptional reprogramming dictated by activity-dependent synaptic modulation. Thus far, no study has directly studied the transcriptome-wide expression changes locally at the synapse in MDD brain. Here, we have examined altered synaptic transcriptomics and their functional relevance in MDD with a focus on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). RNA was isolated from total fraction and purified synaptosomes of dlPFC from well-matched 15 non-psychiatric controls and 15 MDD subjects. Transcriptomic changes in synaptic and total fractions were detected by next-generation RNA-sequencing (NGS) and analyzed independently. The ratio of synaptic/total fraction was estimated to evaluate a shift in gene expression ratio in MDD subjects. Bioinformatics and network analyses were used to determine the biological relevance of transcriptomic changes in both total and synaptic fractions based on gene-gene network, gene ontology (GO), and pathway prediction algorithms. A total of 14,005 genes were detected in total fraction. A total of 104 genes were differentially regulated (73 upregulated and 31 downregulated) in MDD group based on 1.3-fold change threshold and p < 0.05 criteria. In synaptosomes, out of 13,236 detectable genes, 234 were upregulated and 60 were downregulated (>1.3-fold, p < 0.05). Several of these altered genes were validated independently by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). GO revealed an association with immune system processes and cell death. Moreover, a cluster of genes belonged to the nervous system development, and psychological disorders were discovered using gene-gene network analysis. The ratio of synaptic/total fraction showed a shift in expression of 119 genes in MDD subjects, which were primarily associated with neuroinflammation, interleukin signaling, and cell death. Our results suggest not only large-scale gene expression changes in synaptosomes, but also a shift in the expression of genes from total to synaptic fractions of dlPFC of MDD subjects with their potential role in immunomodulation and cell death. Our findings provide new insights into the understanding of transcriptomic regulation at the synapse and their possible role in MDD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Bhaskar Roy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Nilesh Kumar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - M Shahid Mukhtar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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40
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Davenport CM, Rajappa R, Katchan L, Taylor CR, Tsai MC, Smith CM, de Jong JW, Arnold DB, Lammel S, Kramer RH. Relocation of an Extrasynaptic GABA A Receptor to Inhibitory Synapses Freezes Excitatory Synaptic Strength and Preserves Memory. Neuron 2021; 109:123-134.e4. [PMID: 33096025 PMCID: PMC7790995 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The excitatory synapse between hippocampal CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons exhibits long-term potentiation (LTP), a positive feedback process implicated in learning and memory in which postsynaptic depolarization strengthens synapses, promoting further depolarization. Without mechanisms for interrupting positive feedback, excitatory synapses could strengthen inexorably, corrupting memory storage. Here, we reveal a hidden form of inhibitory synaptic plasticity that prevents accumulation of excitatory LTP. We developed a knockin mouse that allows optical control of endogenous α5-subunit-containing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors (α5-GABARs). Induction of excitatory LTP relocates α5-GABARs, which are ordinarily extrasynaptic, to inhibitory synapses, quashing further NMDA receptor activation necessary for inducing more excitatory LTP. Blockade of α5-GABARs accelerates reversal learning, a behavioral test for cognitive flexibility dependent on repeated LTP. Hence, inhibitory synaptic plasticity occurs in parallel with excitatory synaptic plasticity, with the ensuing interruption of the positive feedback cycle of LTP serving as a possible critical early step in preserving memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Davenport
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rajit Rajappa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ljudmila Katchan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Charlotte R Taylor
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ming-Chi Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Caleb M Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Johannes W de Jong
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Don B Arnold
- Department of Biology, Section of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Stephan Lammel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Richard H Kramer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Gomes JI, Farinha-Ferreira M, Rei N, Gonçalves-Ribeiro J, Ribeiro JA, Sebastião AM, Vaz SH. Of adenosine and the blues: The adenosinergic system in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105363. [PMID: 33285234 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the foremost cause of global disability, being responsible for enormous personal, societal, and economical costs. Importantly, existing pharmacological treatments for MDD are partially or totally ineffective in a large segment of patients. As such, the search for novel antidepressant drug targets, anchored on a clear understanding of the etiological and pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning MDD, becomes of the utmost importance. The adenosinergic system, a highly conserved neuromodulatory system, appears as a promising novel target, given both its regulatory actions over many MDD-affected systems and processes. With this goal in mind, we herein review the evidence concerning the role of adenosine as a potential player in pathophysiology and treatment of MDD, combining data from both human and animal studies. Altogether, evidence supports the assertions that the adenosinergic system is altered in both MDD patients and animal models, and that drugs targeting this system have considerable potential as putative antidepressants. Furthermore, evidence also suggests that modifications in adenosine signaling may have a key role in the effects of several pharmacological and non-pharmacological antidepressant treatments with demonstrated efficacy, such as electroconvulsive shock, sleep deprivation, and deep brain stimulation. Lastly, it becomes clear from the available literature that there is yet much to study regarding the role of the adenosinergic system in the pathophysiology and treatment of MDD, and we suggest several avenues of research that are likely to prove fruitful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana I Gomes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Farinha-Ferreira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nádia Rei
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Gonçalves-Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim A Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Chiamulera C, Piva A, Abraham WC. Glutamate receptors and metaplasticity in addiction. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 56:39-45. [PMID: 33128937 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic drug use is a neuroadaptive disorder characterized by strong and persistent plasticity in the mesocorticolimbic reward system. Long-lasting effects of drugs of abuse rely on their ability to hijack glutamate receptor activity and long-term synaptic plasticity processes like long-term potentiation and depression. Importantly, metaplasticity-based modulation of synaptic plasticity contributes to durable neurotransmission changes in mesocorticolimbic pathways including the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens, causing 'maladaptive' drug memory and higher risk for drug-seeking relapse. On the other hand, drug-induced metaplasticity can make appetitive memories more malleable to modification, offering a potential target mechanism for intervention. Here we review the literature on the role of glutamate receptors in addiction-related metaplasticity phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Chiamulera
- Neuropsychopharmacology Lab, Section Pharmacology, Department Diagnostic & Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Piva
- Neuropsychopharmacology Lab, Section Pharmacology, Department Diagnostic & Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Wickliffe C Abraham
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Spangler PT, West JC, Dempsey CL, Possemato K, Bartolanzo D, Aliaga P, Zarate C, Vythilingam M, Benedek DM. Randomized Controlled Trial of Riluzole Augmentation for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Efficacy of a Glutamatergic Modulator for Antidepressant-Resistant Symptoms. J Clin Psychiatry 2020; 81:20m13233. [PMID: 33113596 PMCID: PMC7673650 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.20m13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current pharmacologic treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have shown limited efficacy, prompting a call to investigate new classes of medications. The current study investigated the efficacy of glutamate modulation with riluzole augmentation for combat-related PTSD symptoms resistant to treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial was conducted at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center and Syracuse VA Medical Center between December 2013 and November 2017. Veterans and active duty service members with combat-related PTSD (per the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale [CAPS]) who were not responsive to SSRI or SNRI pharmacotherapy were randomized to 8-week augmentation with a starting dose of 100 mg/d of riluzole (n = 36) or placebo (n = 38) and assessed weekly for PTSD symptoms, anxiety, depression, disability, and side effects. RESULTS Intent-to-treat analyses (N = 74) of the primary outcome (CAPS for DSM-IV) showed no significant between-group difference in change in overall PTSD symptoms (F = 0.64, P = .422), with a small effect size (d = 0.25). There was clinically significant within-group improvement in overall PTSD symptoms in both groups, with a greater mean (SD) decrease in CAPS score in the riluzole group (-21.1 [18.9]) than in the placebo group (-16.7 [17.2]). Exploratory analyses of PTSD symptom clusters showed significantly greater improvement on hyperarousal symptoms in the riluzole group as measured by the PTSD Checklist-Specific-Subscale D (d = 0.48) and near-significant findings on the CAPS Subscale D. Riluzole augmentation was not superior to placebo on change in depression, anxiety, or disability severity. CONCLUSIONS Although preliminary, the exploratory findings of this study offer some evidence that riluzole augmentation of an SSRI or SNRI may selectively improve PTSD hyperarousal symptoms without changes in overall PTSD symptoms, depression, anxiety, or disability. Additional investigation of the mechanism of the efficacy of riluzole for hyperarousal symptoms is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02155829.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia T. Spangler
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD
| | - James C. West
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD
| | - Catherine L. Dempsey
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kyle Possemato
- Veterans Administration Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse, NY
| | - Danielle Bartolanzo
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD
| | - Pablo Aliaga
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD
| | - Carlos Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - David M. Benedek
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD
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Song Z, Shen F, Zhang Z, Wu S, Zhu G. Calpain inhibition ameliorates depression-like behaviors by reducing inflammation and promoting synaptic protein expression in the hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 2020; 174:108175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Banerjee P, Donello JE, Hare B, Duman RS. Rapastinel, an NMDAR positive modulator, produces distinct behavioral, sleep, and EEG profiles compared with ketamine. Behav Brain Res 2020; 391:112706. [PMID: 32461133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Rapastinel, a positive NMDAR modulator, produces rapid-acting and long-lasting antidepressant-like effects; however, unlike ketamine, the abuse potential for rapastinel is minimal. Ketamine has also been shown to induce psychotomimetic/dissociative side effects, aberrant gamma oscillations, and effects similar to sleep deprivation, which may potentially limit its clinical use. In this study, we compared the side effect profile and potential sleep-altering properties of rapastinel (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg) to ketamine (30 mg/kg) in rodents. In addition, we investigated corresponding changes in transcriptomics and proteomics. Rapastinel exhibited no effect on locomotor activity and prepulse inhibition in mice, while ketamine induced a significant increase in locomotor activity and a significant decrease in prepulse inhibition, which are indications of a psychosis-like state. The effects of rapastinel on sleep architecture were minimal, and rapastinel did not alter gamma frequency oscillations. In contrast, ketamine administration resulted in a greater latency to slow wave and REM sleep, disrupted duration of sleep, and affected duration of wakefulness during sleep. Further, ketamine increased cortical oscillations in the gamma frequency range, which is a property associated with psychosis. Rapastinel induced similar plasticity-related changes in transcriptomics to ketamine in rats but differed in several gene ontology classes, some of which may be involved in the regulation of sleep. In conclusion, rapastinel demonstrated a lower propensity than ketamine to induce CNS-related adverse side effects and sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brendan Hare
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Srivastava I, Vazquez-Juarez E, Henning L, Gómez-Galán M, Lindskog M. Blocking Astrocytic GABA Restores Synaptic Plasticity in Prefrontal Cortex of Rat Model of Depression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071705. [PMID: 32708718 PMCID: PMC7408154 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A decrease in synaptic plasticity and/or a change in excitation/inhibition balance have been suggested as mechanisms underlying major depression disorder. However, given the crucial role of astrocytes in balancing synaptic function, particular attention should be given to the contribution of astrocytes in these mechanisms, especially since previous findings show that astrocytes are affected and exhibit reactive-like features in depression. Moreover, it has been shown that reactive astrocytes increase the synthesis and release of GABA, contributing significantly to tonic GABA inhibition. In this study we found decreased plasticity and increased tonic GABA inhibition in the prelimbic area in acute slices from the medial prefrontal cortex in the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rat model of depression. The tonic inhibition can be reduced by either blocking astrocytic intracellular Ca2+ signaling or by reducing astrocytic GABA through inhibition of the synthesizing enzyme MAO-B with Selegiline. Blocking GABA synthesis also restores the impaired synaptic plasticity in the FSL prefrontal cortex, providing a new antidepressant mechanism of Selegiline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsit Srivastava
- Dep. Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (I.S.); (E.V.-J.); (L.H.)
| | - Erika Vazquez-Juarez
- Dep. Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (I.S.); (E.V.-J.); (L.H.)
| | - Lukas Henning
- Dep. Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (I.S.); (E.V.-J.); (L.H.)
| | - Marta Gómez-Galán
- Dep. Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (M.G.-G.); (M.L.)
| | - Maria Lindskog
- Dep. Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (I.S.); (E.V.-J.); (L.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.-G.); (M.L.)
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Chen F, Danladi J, Wegener G, Madsen TM, Nyengaard JR. Sustained Ultrastructural Changes in Rat Hippocampal Formation After Repeated Electroconvulsive Seizures. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 23:446-458. [PMID: 32215561 PMCID: PMC7387769 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective and fast-acting treatment for depression used in the clinic. Its mechanism of therapeutic action remains uncertain. Previous studies have focused on documenting neuroplasticity in the early phase following electroconvulsive seizures (ECS), an animal model of ECT. Here, we investigate whether changes in synaptic plasticity and nonneuronal plasticity (vascular and mitochondria) are sustained 3 months after repeated ECS trials. METHODS ECS or sham treatment was given daily for 1 day or 10 days to a genetic animal model of depression: the Flinders Sensitive and Resistant Line rats. Stereological principles were employed to quantify numbers of synapses and mitochondria as well as length of microvessels in the hippocampus 24 hours after a single ECS. Three months after 10 ECS treatments (1 per day for 10 days) and sham-treatment, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor protein levels were quantified with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS A single ECS treatment significantly increased the volume of hippocampal CA1-stratum radiatum, the total length of microvessels, mitochondria number, and synapse number. Observed changes were sustained as shown in the multiple ECS treatment group analyzed 3 months after the last of 10 ECS treatments. CONCLUSION A single ECS caused rapid effects of synaptic plasticity and nonneuronal plasticity, while repeated ECS induced long-lasting changes in the efficacy of synaptic plasticity and nonneuronal plasticity at least up to 3 months after ECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Chen
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Correspondence: Fenghua Chen, MD, PhD, Department of Clinical Medicine - Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 2B, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark ()
| | - Jibrin Danladi
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa,AUGUST Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torsten M Madsen
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark,Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Berger S, Stattmann M, Cicvaric A, Monje FJ, Coiro P, Hotka M, Ricken G, Hainfellner J, Greber-Platzer S, Yasuda M, Desnick RJ, Pollak DD. Severe hydroxymethylbilane synthase deficiency causes depression-like behavior and mitochondrial dysfunction in a mouse model of homozygous dominant acute intermittent porphyria. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:38. [PMID: 32197664 PMCID: PMC7082933 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00910-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal dominant inborn error of heme biosynthesis due to a pathogenic mutation in the Hmbs gene, resulting in half-normal activity of hydroxymethylbilane synthase. Factors that induce hepatic heme biosynthesis induce episodic attacks in heterozygous patients. The clinical presentation of acute attacks involves the signature neurovisceral pain and may include psychiatric symptoms. Here we used a knock-in mouse line that is biallelic for the Hmbs c.500G > A (p.R167Q) mutation with ~ 5% of normal hydroxymethylbilane synthase activity to unravel the consequences of severe HMBS deficiency on affective behavior and brain physiology. Hmbs knock-in mice (KI mice) model the rare homozygous dominant form of AIP and were used as tool to elucidate the hitherto unknown pathophysiology of the behavioral manifestations of the disease and its neural underpinnings. Extensive behavioral analyses revealed a selective depression-like phenotype in Hmbs KI mice; transcriptomic and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated aberrant myelination. The uncovered compromised mitochondrial function in the hippocampus of knock-in mice and its ensuing neurogenic and neuroplastic deficits lead us to propose a mechanistic role for disrupted mitochondrial energy production in the pathogenesis of the behavioral consequences of severe HMBS deficiency and its neuropathological sequelae in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Berger
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse, 17, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miranda Stattmann
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse, 17, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Cicvaric
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse, 17, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francisco J Monje
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse, 17, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pierluca Coiro
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse, 17, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matej Hotka
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse, 17, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerda Ricken
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Hainfellner
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Greber-Platzer
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Makiko Yasuda
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Daniela D Pollak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse, 17, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Carreno FR, Lodge DJ, Frazer A. Ketamine: Leading us into the future for development of antidepressants. Behav Brain Res 2020; 383:112532. [PMID: 32023492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Numerous randomized double-blind clinical trials have consistently shown that that a single intravenous administration of a subanesthetic dose of ketamine to treatment-resistant depressed patients significantly improved depressive symptomatology rapidly, within two hours, with the effect lasting up to seven days. Despite its very promising effects, ketamine has long been associated with potential for abuse as it can cause psychotropic side effects, such as hallucinations, false beliefs, and severe impairments in judgment and other cognitive processes. Consequently, within the last two decades preclinical research has been carried out aimed at understanding its mechanisms of action and the brain circuits involved in ketamine's antidepressant effects, both of which are discussed in this review. Furthermore, with the hippocampus being a key target for ketamine's beneficial antidepressant effects, we and others have begun to examine behavioral and neurochemical effects of drugs that act selectively on the hippocampus due to the preferential location of their receptor targets. Such drugs are negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) and positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the α5-GABAA receptor. Such compounds are discussed within the framework of how lessons learned with ketamine point to novel classes of drugs, targeting the GABAergic system, that can recapitulate the antidepressant effects of ketamine without its adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia R Carreno
- Department of Pharmacology & Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States.
| | - Daniel J Lodge
- Department of Pharmacology & Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Division, United States
| | - Alan Frazer
- Department of Pharmacology & Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Division, United States
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Ye Q, Zeng C, Luo C, Wu Y. Ferrostatin-1 mitigates cognitive impairment of epileptic rats by inhibiting P38 MAPK activation. Epilepsy Behav 2020; 103:106670. [PMID: 31864943 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that ferrostain-1 (Fer-1), a specific inhibitor of ferroptosis, could ameliorate cognitive dysfunction of rats with kainic acid (KA)-induced temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) by suppressing ferroptosis processes. Recent studies suggest that P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway could be mediated by ferroptosis processes. The activation of P38 MAPK results in cognitive impairment by suppressing the expression of synaptic plasticity-related proteins. However, it is unclear whether Fer-1 can mitigate cognitive impairment of rats with KA-induced TLE by inhibiting P38 MAPK activation. In the present study, treatment with Fer-1 blocked the activation of P38 MAPK, which resulted in an increased expression of synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) in the hippocampus of rats with KA-induced TLE, hence, ameliorating their cognitive impairment. Also, P38 MAPK activation in the hippocampus of the rats reduced the expression of both PSD-95 and SYP proteins. Treatment of the rats with SB203580, a P38 MAPK-specific inhibitor, prevented the activation of P38 MAPK, which resulted in an increase in SYP and PSD95 protein levels in the hippocampus. These results suggest that Fer-1 could mitigate the cognitive impairment by suppressing P38 MAPK activation thus restoring the expression of synaptic proteins. Ferroptosis processes might be involved in suppressing synaptic protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6th Shuangyong Road, Nanning, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, 69th Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, China
| | - Chunmei Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6th Shuangyong Road, Nanning, China
| | - Chun Luo
- Department of Neurology, Minzu Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 262th East Mingxiu Road, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6th Shuangyong Road, Nanning, China.
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