1
|
Xie M, Cao H, Qiao W, Yan G, Qian X, Zhang Y, Xu L, Wen S, Shi J, Cheng M, Dong N. Shear stress activates the Piezo1 channel to facilitate valvular endothelium-oriented differentiation and maturation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Acta Biomater 2024; 178:181-195. [PMID: 38447808 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Valvular endothelial cells (VECs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide an unlimited cell source for tissue engineering heart valves (TEHVs); however, they are limited by their low differentiation efficiency and immature function. In our study, we applied unidirectional shear stress to promote hiPSCs differentiation into valvular endothelial-like cells (VELs). Compared to the static group, shear stress efficiently promoted the differentiation and functional maturation of hiPSC-VELs, as demonstrated by the efficiency of endothelial differentiation reaching 98.3% in the high shear stress group (45 dyn/cm2). Furthermore, we found that Piezo1 served as a crucial mechanosensor for the differentiation and maturation of VELs. Mechanistically, the activation of Piezo1 by shear stress resulted in the influx of calcium ions, which in turn initiated the Akt signaling pathway and promoted the differentiation of hiPSCs into mature VELs. Moreover, VELs cultured on decellularized heart valves (DHVs) exhibited a notable propensity for proliferation, robust adhesion properties, and antithrombotic characteristics, which were dependent on the activation of the Piezo1 channel. Overall, our study demonstrated that proper shear stress activated the Piezo1 channel to facilitate the differentiation and maturation of hiPSC-VELs via the Akt pathway, providing a potential cell source for regenerative medicine, drug screening, pathogenesis, and disease modeling. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first research that systematically analyzes the effect of shear stress on valvular endothelial-like cells (VELs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Mechanistically, unidirectional shear stress activates Piezo1, resulting in an elevation of calcium levels, which triggers the Akt signaling pathway and then facilitates the differentiation of functional maturation VELs. After exposure to shear stress, the VELs exhibited enhanced proliferation, robust adhesion capabilities, and antithrombotic characteristics while being cultured on decellularized heart valves. Thus, it is of interest to develop hiPSCs-VELs using shear stress and the Piezo1 channel provides insights into the functional maturation of valvular endothelial cells, thereby serving as a catalyst for potential applications in the development of therapeutic and tissue-engineered heart valves in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Weihua Qiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ge Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Xingyu Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yecen Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shuyu Wen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Snyder Y, Jana S. Strategies for Development of Synthetic Heart Valve Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE 2023; 139:101173. [PMID: 37981978 PMCID: PMC10655624 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2023.101173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The current clinical solutions, including mechanical and bioprosthetic valves for valvular heart diseases, are plagued by coagulation, calcification, nondurability, and the inability to grow with patients. The tissue engineering approach attempts to resolve these shortcomings by producing heart valve scaffolds that may deliver patients a life-long solution. Heart valve scaffolds serve as a three-dimensional support structure made of biocompatible materials that provide adequate porosity for cell infiltration, and nutrient and waste transport, sponsor cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, and allow for extracellular matrix production that together contributes to the generation of functional neotissue. The foundation of successful heart valve tissue engineering is replicating native heart valve architecture, mechanics, and cellular attributes through appropriate biomaterials and scaffold designs. This article reviews biomaterials, the fabrication of heart valve scaffolds, and their in-vitro and in-vivo evaluations applied for heart valve tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Snyder
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Soumen Jana
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Strategies for development of decellularized heart valve scaffolds for tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2022; 288:121675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
4
|
Bouten CVC, Cheng C, Vermue IM, Gawlitta D, Passier R. Cardiovascular tissue engineering and regeneration: A plead for further knowledge convergence. Tissue Eng Part A 2022; 28:525-541. [PMID: 35382591 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular tissue engineering and regeneration strive to provide long-term, effective solutions for a growing group of patients in need of myocardial repair, vascular (access) grafts, heart valves, and regeneration of organ microcirculation. In the past two decades, ongoing convergence of disciplines and multidisciplinary collaborations between cardiothoracic surgeons, cardiologists, bioengineers, material scientists, and cell biologists have resulted in better understanding of the problems at hand and novel regenerative approaches. As a side effect, however, the field has become strongly organized and differentiated around topical areas at risk of reinvention of technologies and repetition of approaches and across the areas. A better integration of knowledge and technologies from the individual topical areas and regenerative approaches and technologies may pave the way towards faster and more effective treatments to cure the cardiovascular system. This review summarizes the evolution of research and regenerative approaches in the areas of myocardial regeneration, heart valve and vascular tissue engineering, and regeneration of microcirculations and discusses previous and potential future integration of these individual areas and developed technologies for improved clinical impact. Finally, it provides a perspective on the further integration of research organization, knowledge implementation, and valorization as a contributor to advancing cardiovascular tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn V C Bouten
- Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ijsbrand M Vermue
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Debby Gawlitta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Prosthodontics and Special Dental Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nordquist EM, Dutta P, Kodigepalli KM, Mattern C, McDermott MR, Trask AJ, LaHaye S, Lindner V, Lincoln J. Tgfβ1-Cthrc1 Signaling Plays an Important Role in the Short-Term Reparative Response to Heart Valve Endothelial Injury. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2923-2942. [PMID: 34645278 PMCID: PMC8612994 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aortic valve disease is a common worldwide health burden with limited treatment options. Studies have shown that the valve endothelium is critical for structure-function relationships, and disease is associated with its dysfunction, damage, or injury. Therefore, therapeutic targets to maintain a healthy endothelium or repair damaged endothelial cells could hold promise. In this current study, we utilize a surgical mouse model of heart valve endothelial cell injury to study the short-term response at molecular and cellular levels. The goal is to determine if the native heart valve exhibits a reparative response to injury and identify the mechanisms underlying this process. Approach and Results: Mild aortic valve endothelial injury and abrogated function was evoked by inserting a guidewire down the carotid artery of young (3 months) and aging (16-18 months) wild-type mice. Short-term cellular responses were examined at 6 hours, 48 hours, and 4 weeks following injury, whereas molecular profiles were determined after 48 hours by RNA-sequencing. Within 48 hours following endothelial injury, young wild-type mice restore endothelial barrier function in association with increased cell proliferation, and upregulation of transforming growth factor beta 1 (Tgfβ1) and the glycoprotein, collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (Cthrc1). Interestingly, this beneficial response to injury was not observed in aging mice with known underlying endothelial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Data from this study suggests that the healthy valve has the capacity to respond to mild endothelial injury, which in short term has beneficial effects on restoring endothelial barrier function through acute activation of the Tgfβ1-Cthrc1 signaling axis and cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Nordquist
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- The Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Punashi Dutta
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- The Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Karthik M. Kodigepalli
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- The Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Carol Mattern
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- The Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Michael R. McDermott
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Aaron J. Trask
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephanie LaHaye
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Volkhard Lindner
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Joy Lincoln
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- The Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Parra-Izquierdo I, Sánchez-Bayuela T, López J, Gómez C, Pérez-Riesgo E, San Román JA, Sánchez Crespo M, Yacoub M, Chester AH, García-Rodríguez C. Interferons Are Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Sheared-Stressed Human Aortic Valve Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910605. [PMID: 34638942 PMCID: PMC8508640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is an athero-inflammatory process. Growing evidence supports the inflammation-driven calcification model, mediated by cytokines such as interferons (IFNs) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Our goal was investigating IFNs' effects in human aortic valve endothelial cells (VEC) and the potential differences between aortic (aVEC) and ventricular (vVEC) side cells. The endothelial phenotype was analyzed by Western blot, qPCR, ELISA, monocyte adhesion, and migration assays. In mixed VEC populations, IFNs promoted the activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription-1 and nuclear factor-κB, and the subsequent up-regulation of pro-inflammatory molecules. Side-specific VEC were activated with IFN-γ and TNF-α in an orbital shaker flow system. TNF-α, but not IFN-γ, induced hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α stabilization or endothelial nitric oxide synthase downregulation. Additionally, IFN-γ inhibited TNF-α-induced migration of aVEC. Also, IFN-γ triggered cytokine secretion and adhesion molecule expression in aVEC and vVEC. Finally, aVEC were more prone to cytokine-mediated monocyte adhesion under multiaxial flow conditions as compared with uniaxial flow. In conclusion, IFNs promote inflammation and reduce TNF-α-mediated migration in human VEC. Moreover, monocyte adhesion was higher in inflamed aVEC sheared under multiaxial flow, which may be relevant to understanding the initial stages of CAVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Parra-Izquierdo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (I.P.-I.); (T.S.-B.); (C.G.); (E.P.-R.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Tania Sánchez-Bayuela
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (I.P.-I.); (T.S.-B.); (C.G.); (E.P.-R.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Javier López
- ICICOR, Hospital Clínico Universitario, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (J.L.); (J.A.S.R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Gómez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (I.P.-I.); (T.S.-B.); (C.G.); (E.P.-R.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Enrique Pérez-Riesgo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (I.P.-I.); (T.S.-B.); (C.G.); (E.P.-R.); (M.S.C.)
| | - J. Alberto San Román
- ICICOR, Hospital Clínico Universitario, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (J.L.); (J.A.S.R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sánchez Crespo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (I.P.-I.); (T.S.-B.); (C.G.); (E.P.-R.); (M.S.C.)
| | - Magdi Yacoub
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LR, UK;
- Magdi Yacoub Institute, Harefield UB9 6JH, UK
| | - Adrian H. Chester
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LR, UK;
- Magdi Yacoub Institute, Harefield UB9 6JH, UK
- Correspondence: (A.H.C.); (C.G.-R.); Tel.: +44-(0)1895-760732 (A.H.C.); +34-983-184841 (C.G.-R.)
| | - Carmen García-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Universidad de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (I.P.-I.); (T.S.-B.); (C.G.); (E.P.-R.); (M.S.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.H.C.); (C.G.-R.); Tel.: +44-(0)1895-760732 (A.H.C.); +34-983-184841 (C.G.-R.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Manduteanu I, Simionescu D, Simionescu A, Simionescu M. Aortic valve disease in diabetes: Molecular mechanisms and novel therapies. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9483-9495. [PMID: 34561944 PMCID: PMC8505854 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Valve disease and particularly calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) and diabetes (DM) are progressive diseases constituting a global health burden for all aging societies (Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 2014;56(6):565: Circulation Research. 2021;128(9):1344). Compared to non‐diabetic individuals (The Lancet. 2008;371(9626):1800: The American Journal of Cardiology. 1983;51(3):403: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2017;69(12):1523), the diabetic patients have a significantly greater propensity for cardiovascular disorders and faster degeneration of implanted bioprosthetic aortic valves. Previously, using an original experimental model, the diabetic‐hyperlipemic hamsters, we have shown that the earliest alterations induced by these conditions occur at the level of the aortic valves and, with time these changes lead to calcifications and CAVD. However, there are no pharmacological treatments available to reverse or retard the progression of aortic valve disease in diabetes, despite the significant advances in the field. Therefore, it is critical to uncover the mechanisms of valve disease progression, find biomarkers for diagnosis and new targets for therapies. This review aims at presenting an update on the basic research in CAVD in the context of diabetes. We provide an insight into the accumulated data including our results on diabetes‐induced progressive cell and molecular alterations in the aortic valve, new potential biomarkers to assess the evolution and therapy of the disease, advancement in targeted nanotherapies, tissue engineering and the potential use of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in CAVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Manduteanu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Simionescu
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Agneta Simionescu
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Maya Simionescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a rare autosomal gene deficiency disease with increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, xanthoma, and premature coronary heart disease. Calcified aortic valve disease (CAVD) is prevalent in FH patients, resulting in adverse events and heavy health care burden. Aortic valve calcification is currently considered an active biological process, which shares several common risk factors with atherosclerosis, including aging, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and so on. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis and therapy of CAVD in FH are still controversial. There is no pharmacological intervention recommended to delay the development of CAVD in FH, and the only effective treatment for severe CAVD is aortic valve replacement. In this review, we summarize the detailed description of the pathophysiology, molecular mechanism, risk factors, and treatment of CAVD in FH patients.
Collapse
|
9
|
AGEs-RAGE axis causes endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in early calcific aortic valve disease via TGF-β1 and BMPR2 signaling. Exp Gerontol 2020; 141:111088. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
10
|
Al-Shammari H, Latif N, Sarathchandra P, McCormack A, Rog-Zielinska EA, Raja S, Kohl P, Yacoub MH, Peyronnet R, Chester AH. Expression and function of mechanosensitive ion channels in human valve interstitial cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240532. [PMID: 33057457 PMCID: PMC7561104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ability of heart valve cells to respond to their mechanical environment represents a key mechanism by which the integrity and function of valve cusps is maintained. A number of different mechanotransduction pathways have been implicated in the response of valve cells to mechanical stimulation. In this study, we explore the expression pattern of several mechanosensitive ion channels (MSC) and their potential to mediate mechanosensitive responses of human valve interstitial cells (VIC). Methods MSC presence and function were probed using the patch clamp technique. Protein abundance of key MSC was evaluated by Western blotting in isolated fibroblastic VIC (VICFB) and in VIC differentiated towards myofibroblastic (VICMB) or osteoblastic (VICOB) phenotypes. Expression was compared in non-calcified and calcified human aortic valves. MSC contributions to stretch-induced collagen gene expression and to VIC migration were assessed by pharmacological inhibition of specific channels. Results Two MSC types were recorded in VICFB: potassium selective and cation non-selective channels. In keeping with functional data, the presence of both TREK-1 and Kir6.1 (potassium selective), as well as TRPM4, TRPV4 and TRPC6 (cationic non-selective) channels was confirmed in VIC at the protein level. Differentiation of VICFB into VICMB or VICOB phenotypes was associated with a lower expression of TREK-1 and Kir6.1, and a higher expression of TRPV4 and TRPC6. Differences in MSC expression were also seen in non-calcified vs calcified aortic valves where TREK-1, TRPM4 and TRPV4 expression were higher in calcified compared to control tissues. Cyclic stretch-induced expression of COL I mRNA in cultured VICFB was blocked by RN-9893, a selective inhibitor of TRPV4 channels while having no effect on the stretch-induced expression of COL III. VICFB migration was blocked with the non-specific MSC blocker streptomycin and by GSK417651A an inhibitor of TRPC6/3. Conclusion Aortic VIC express a range of MSC that play a role in functional responses of these cells to mechanical stimulation. MSC expression levels differ in calcified and non-calcified valves in ways that are in part compatible with the change in expression seen between VIC phenotypes. These changes in MSC expression, and associated alterations in the ability of VIC to respond to their mechanical environment, may form novel targets for intervention during aortic valvulopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hessah Al-Shammari
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Najma Latif
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Heart Science Centre, Magdi Yacoub Institute, Harefield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ann McCormack
- Heart Science Centre, Magdi Yacoub Institute, Harefield, United Kingdom
| | - Eva A. Rog-Zielinska
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg, Bad Krozingen, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shahzad Raja
- Harefield Hospital, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Kohl
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg, Bad Krozingen, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Magdi H. Yacoub
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Heart Science Centre, Magdi Yacoub Institute, Harefield, United Kingdom
| | - Rémi Peyronnet
- Heart Science Centre, Magdi Yacoub Institute, Harefield, United Kingdom
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg, Bad Krozingen, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adrian H. Chester
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Heart Science Centre, Magdi Yacoub Institute, Harefield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chester AH, Grande-Allen KJ. Which Biological Properties of Heart Valves Are Relevant to Tissue Engineering? Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:63. [PMID: 32373630 PMCID: PMC7186395 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last 20 years, the designs of tissue engineered heart valves have evolved considerably. An initial focus on replicating the mechanical and structural features of semilunar valves has expanded to endeavors to mimic the biological behavior of heart valve cells as well. Studies on the biology of heart valves have shown that the function and durability of native valves is underpinned by complex interactions between the valve cells, the extracellular matrix, and the mechanical environment in which heart valves function. The ability of valve interstitial cells to synthesize extracellular matrix proteins and remodeling enzymes and the protective mediators released by endothelial cells are key factors in the homeostasis of valve function. The extracellular matrix provides the mechanical strength and flexibility required for the valve to function, as well as communicating with the cells that are bound within. There are a number of regulatory mechanisms that influence valve function, which include neuronal mechanisms and the tight regulation of growth and angiogenic factors. Together, studies into valve biology have provided a blueprint for what a tissue engineered valve would need to be capable of, in order to truly match the function of the native valve. This review addresses the biological functions of heart valve cells, in addition to the influence of the cells' environment on this behavior and examines how well these functions are addressed within the current strategies for tissue engineering heart valves in vitro, in vivo, and in situ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian H Chester
- Heart Science Centre, The Magdi Yacoub Institute, Harefield, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Triggle CR, Ding H, Marei I, Anderson TJ, Hollenberg MD. Why the endothelium? The endothelium as a target to reduce diabetes-associated vascular disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:415-430. [PMID: 32150686 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 66 years, our knowledge of the role of the endothelium in the regulation of cardiovascular function and dysfunction has advanced from the assumption that it is a single layer of cells that serves as a barrier between the blood stream and vascular smooth muscle to an understanding of its role as an essential endocrine-like organ. In terms of historical contributions, we pay particular credit to (1) the Canadian scientist Dr. Rudolf Altschul who, based on pathological changes in the appearance of the endothelium, advanced the argument in 1954 that "one is only as old as one's endothelium" and (2) the American scientist Dr. Robert Furchgott, a 1998 Nobel Prize winner in Physiology or Medicine, who identified the importance of the endothelium in the regulation of blood flow. This review provides a brief history of how our knowledge of endothelial function has advanced and now recognize that the endothelium produces a plethora of signaling molecules possessing paracrine, autocrine, and, arguably, systemic hormone functions. In addition, the endothelium is a therapeutic target for the anti-diabetic drugs metformin, glucagon-like peptide I (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and inhibitors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) that offset the vascular disease associated with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris R Triggle
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hong Ding
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Isra Marei
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Todd J Anderson
- Department of Cardiac Sciences and Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Inflammation Research Network, Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Y, Li C, Wu H, Xie X, Sun Y, Dai M. Paeonol Attenuated Inflammatory Response of Endothelial Cells via Stimulating Monocytes-Derived Exosomal MicroRNA-223. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1105. [PMID: 30515094 PMCID: PMC6256086 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Paeonol, an active compound isolated from the radix of Cortex Moutan, has been shown to have anti-atherosclerosis effects by regulating blood cells' function and protecting vascular cells injury. Besides, emerging evidences has proven that exosomes might play a pivotal role in intercellular communication by transmiting proteins and microRNAs from cell to cell. However, the relationship between monocytes-derived exosomal microRNA-223 and vascular inflammation injury along with paeonol' effects are still not clear. Objective: Our study aimed to explain whether paeonol's protective effect on inflammatory response is related to the regulation of exosomal microRNA-223 in the VECs. Methods: ApoE-/- mice were fed with high fat diet to replicate the AS model. HE staining and immunohistochemistry was used to detect inflammatory response of aorta. The expression of IL-1β and IL-6 were detected by ELISA. Western blot was used to detect the expression of STAT3, pSTAT3, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. qRT-PCR was used to detect miR-223 expression. Exosomes were extracted from THP-1 cells by differential centrifugation and observed by transmission electron microscope. Observation of exosomes uptake into HUVECs was realized by laser microscopy. miR-223 target gene was detected by double luciferase gene report test. Results: In vivo experiments confirmed that paeonol restricted atherosclerosis development and increased miR-223 expression, inhibited STAT3 pathway in ApoE-/- mice. In vitro, miR-223 showed robust presence in THP-1 cells and undetectable in HUVECs. And we had observed that miR-223 could be internalized from THP-1 cells into HUVECs taking exosomes as a carrier. Paeonol obviously increased miR-223 expression in co-cultured HUVECs and exosomes in concentration dependent manner, compared to LPS group. In addition, paeonol relieved inflammatory secretion, adhesion and STAT3 expression in HUVECs, which could be inverted after miR-223 inhibitor transfection into THP-1 cells. Conclusion: Paeonol could increase the expression of miR-223 in THP-1 derived exosomes and in HUVECs after uptake of exosomes, whereas decrease the expression of STAT3, p-STAT3 in HUVECs. Ultimately paeonol decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 in HUVECs and alleviated adhesion of THP-1 cells to HUVECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hongfei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Xianmei Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Min Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Geng X, Cha B, Mahamud MR, Srinivasan RS. Intraluminal valves: development, function and disease. Dis Model Mech 2018; 10:1273-1287. [PMID: 29125824 PMCID: PMC5719258 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.030825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, which function in parallel to provide nutrients and remove waste from the body. Vascular function depends on valves, which regulate unidirectional fluid flow against gravitational and pressure gradients. Severe valve disorders can cause mortality and some are associated with severe morbidity. Although cardiac valve defects can be treated by valve replacement surgery, no treatment is currently available for valve disorders of the veins and lymphatics. Thus, a better understanding of valves, their development and the progression of valve disease is warranted. In the past decade, molecules that are important for vascular function in humans have been identified, with mouse studies also providing new insights into valve formation and function. Intriguing similarities have recently emerged between the different types of valves concerning their molecular identity, architecture and development. Shear stress generated by fluid flow has also been shown to regulate endothelial cell identity in valves. Here, we review our current understanding of valve development with an emphasis on its mechanobiology and significance to human health, and highlight unanswered questions and translational opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Geng
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Boksik Cha
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Md Riaj Mahamud
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - R Sathish Srinivasan
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA .,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Magdi H. Yacoub: Celebrating the AATS Scientific Achievement Award. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
16
|
Straka F, Schornik D, Masin J, Filova E, Mirejovsky T, Burdikova Z, Svindrych Z, Chlup H, Horny L, Daniel M, Machac J, Skibová J, Pirk J, Bacakova L. A human pericardium biopolymeric scaffold for autologous heart valve tissue engineering: cellular and extracellular matrix structure and biomechanical properties in comparison with a normal aortic heart valve. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2018; 29:599-634. [PMID: 29338582 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2018.1429732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of our study was to compare the cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and the biomechanical properties of human pericardium (HP) with the normal human aortic heart valve (NAV). HP tissues (from 12 patients) and NAV samples (from 5 patients) were harvested during heart surgery. The main cells in HP were pericardial interstitial cells, which are fibroblast-like cells of mesenchymal origin similar to the valvular interstitial cells in NAV tissue. The ECM of HP had a statistically significantly (p < 0.001) higher collagen I content, a lower collagen III and elastin content, and a similar glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) content, in comparison with the NAV, as measured by ECM integrated density. However, the relative thickness of the main load-bearing structures of the two tissues, the dense part of fibrous HP (49 ± 2%) and the lamina fibrosa of NAV (47 ± 4%), was similar. In both tissues, the secant elastic modulus (Es) was significantly lower in the transversal direction (p < 0.05) than in the longitudinal direction. This proved that both tissues were anisotropic. No statistically significant differences in UTS (ultimate tensile strength) values and in calculated bending stiffness values in the longitudinal or transversal direction were found between HP and NAV. Our study confirms that HP has an advantageous ECM biopolymeric structure and has the biomechanical properties required for a tissue from which an autologous heart valve replacement may be constructed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Straka
- a Cardiology Centre and Cardiovascular Surgery Department , Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic.,b Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering , Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - David Schornik
- b Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering , Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Masin
- a Cardiology Centre and Cardiovascular Surgery Department , Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Elena Filova
- b Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering , Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Mirejovsky
- c Clinical and Transplant Pathology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Burdikova
- d Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - Zdenek Svindrych
- e Department of Biology, W. M, Keck Center for Cellular Imaging , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - Hynek Chlup
- f Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanics, Biomechanics and Mechatronics , Czech Technical University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Horny
- f Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanics, Biomechanics and Mechatronics , Czech Technical University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Matej Daniel
- f Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanics, Biomechanics and Mechatronics , Czech Technical University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Machac
- g Institute of Botany CAS, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Pruhonice , Czech Republic
| | - Jelena Skibová
- h Department of Medical Statistics , Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pirk
- a Cardiology Centre and Cardiovascular Surgery Department , Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bacakova
- b Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering , Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Prague , Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Radu BM, Banciu A, Banciu DD, Radu M, Cretoiu D, Cretoiu SM. Calcium Signaling in Interstitial Cells: Focus on Telocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020397. [PMID: 28208829 PMCID: PMC5343932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we describe the current knowledge on calcium signaling pathways in interstitial cells with a special focus on interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLCs), and telocytes. In detail, we present the generation of Ca2+ oscillations, the inositol triphosphate (IP3)/Ca2+ signaling pathway and modulation exerted by cytokines and vasoactive agents on calcium signaling in interstitial cells. We discuss the physiology and alterations of calcium signaling in interstitial cells, and in particular in telocytes. We describe the physiological contribution of calcium signaling in interstitial cells to the pacemaking activity (e.g., intestinal, urinary, uterine or vascular pacemaking activity) and to the reproductive function. We also present the pathological contribution of calcium signaling in interstitial cells to the aortic valve calcification or intestinal inflammation. Moreover, we summarize the current knowledge of the role played by calcium signaling in telocytes in the uterine, cardiac and urinary physiology, and also in various pathologies, including immune response, uterine and cardiac pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Mihaela Radu
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona 37134, Italy.
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest 050095, Romania.
| | - Adela Banciu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest 050095, Romania.
- Research Beyond Limits, Dimitrie Cantemir 15, Bucharest 040234, Romania.
- Engineering Faculty, Constantin Brancusi University, Calea Eroilor 30, Targu Jiu 210135, Romania.
| | - Daniel Dumitru Banciu
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, Bucharest 050095, Romania.
- Research Beyond Limits, Dimitrie Cantemir 15, Bucharest 040234, Romania.
| | - Mihai Radu
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, Verona 37134, Italy.
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Reactorului 30, P.O. Box MG-6, Magurele 077125, Romania.
| | - Dragos Cretoiu
- Division of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania.
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania.
| | - Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Division of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 050474, Romania.
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Performance of allogeneic bioengineered replacement pulmonary valves in rapidly growing young lambs. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 152:1156-1165.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
19
|
Pham PH, Vo NTK, Tan EJH, Russell S, Jones G, Lumsden JS, Bols NC. Development of an Atlantic salmon heart endothelial cell line (ASHe) that responds to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 53:20-32. [PMID: 27586265 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As diseases and abnormalities of the heart can interfere with the aquaculture of Atlantic salmon, the heart was investigated as a source of cell lines that could be used to study the cellular basis of these conditions. An Atlantic salmon heart endothelial cell line, ASHe, was developed and characterized for growth properties, endothelial cell characteristics, and responsiveness to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). AHSe cells stained negative for senescence associated ß-galactosidase and grew well in 10 and 20% FBS/L15 at high cell density, but not in L15 medium supplemented with calf serum. It displayed many endothelial cell-like characteristics including a cobblestone morphology, capillary-like structures formation on Matrigel, and expression of von Willebrand factor and endothelial cell-related tight junction proteins ZO-1, claudin 3, and claudin 5. ASHe cells responded to the cardiovascular modulator, LPA, in two contrasting ways. LPA at 5 and 25 μM inhibited the ability of ASHe cells to heal a wound but stimulated their proliferation, especially as evaluated by colony formation in low-density cultures. The enhancement of proliferation by LPA parallels what has been observed previously in mammalian endothelial cell cultures exposed to LPA, whereas the LPA slowing of ASHe cell migration contrasted with the LPA-enhanced migration of some mammalian cells. Therefore, this cell line is a potentially useful model for future comparative studies on piscine and mammalian cardiovascular cell biology and for studies on diseases of Atlantic salmon in aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuc H Pham
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Nguyen T K Vo
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Spencer Russell
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | | | - John S Lumsden
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Niels C Bols
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schoen FJ. Morphology, Clinicopathologic Correlations, and Mechanisms in Heart Valve Health and Disease. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2016; 9:126-140. [PMID: 27502286 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-016-0277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The clinical and pathological features of the most frequent intrinsic structural diseases that affect the heart valves are well established, but heart valve disease mechanisms are poorly understood, and effective treatment options are evolving. Major advances in the understanding of the structure, function and biology of native valves and the pathobiology, biomaterials and biomedical engineering, and the clinical management of valvular heart disease have occurred over the past several decades. This communication reviews contemporary considerations relative to the pathology of valvular heart disease, including (1) clinical significance and epidemiology of valvular heart disease; (2) functional and dynamic valvular macro-, micro- and ultrastructure; (3) causes, morphology and mechanisms of human valvular heart disease; and (4) pathologic considerations in valve replacement, repair and, potentially, regeneration of the heart valves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick J Schoen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Madhu MN, Aguiar C, Hassan A, Brunt KR. Translating calcified aortic valve disease to the bench - Use of 3D matrices in the development of future treatment strategies. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 98:58-61. [PMID: 27338001 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malav N Madhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Canada
| | - Christie Aguiar
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Saint John Regional Hospital, Canada
| | - Ansar Hassan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Saint John Regional Hospital, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Canada
| | - Keith R Brunt
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|