1
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Malik S, Biswas J, Sarkar P, Nag S, Gain C, Ghosh Roy S, Bhattacharya B, Ghosh D, Saha A. Differential carbonic anhydrase activities control EBV-induced B-cell transformation and lytic cycle reactivation. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011998. [PMID: 38530845 PMCID: PMC10997083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes to ~1% of all human cancers including several B-cell neoplasms. A characteristic feature of EBV life cycle is its ability to transform metabolically quiescent B-lymphocytes into hyperproliferating B-cell blasts with the establishment of viral latency, while intermittent lytic cycle induction is necessary for the production of progeny virus. Our RNA-Seq analyses of both latently infected naïve B-lymphocytes and transformed B-lymphocytes upon lytic cycle replication indicate a contrasting expression pattern of a membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase isoform CA9, an essential component for maintaining cell acid-base homeostasis. We show that while CA9 expression is transcriptionally activated during latent infection model, lytic cycle replication restrains its expression. Pharmacological inhibition of CA-activity using specific inhibitors retards EBV induced B-cell transformation, inhibits B-cells outgrowth and colony formation ability of transformed B-lymphocytes through lowering the intracellular pH, induction of cell apoptosis and facilitating degradation of CA9 transcripts. Reanalyses of ChIP-Seq data along with utilization of EBNA2 knockout virus, ectopic expression of EBNA2 and sh-RNA mediated knockdown of CA9 expression we further demonstrate that EBNA2 mediated CA9 transcriptional activation is essential for EBV latently infected B-cell survival. In contrast, during lytic cycle reactivation CA9 expression is transcriptionally suppressed by the key EBV lytic cycle transactivator, BZLF1 through its transactivation domain. Overall, our study highlights the dynamic alterations of CA9 expression and its activity in regulating pH homeostasis act as one of the major drivers for EBV induced B-cell transformation and subsequent B-cell lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaresh Malik
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Joyanta Biswas
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Purandar Sarkar
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhadeep Nag
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandrima Gain
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shatadru Ghosh Roy
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bireswar Bhattacharya
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipanjan Ghosh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhik Saha
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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2
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Su T, Huang S, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Zhang S, Guan J, Meng M, Liu L, Wang C, Yu D, Kwan HY, Huang Z, Huang Q, Lai-Han Leung E, Hu M, Wang Y, Liu Z, Lu L. miR-7/TGF- β2 axis sustains acidic tumor microenvironment-induced lung cancer metastasis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:821-837. [PMID: 35251919 PMCID: PMC8896986 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidosis, regardless of hypoxia involvement, is recognized as a chronic and harsh tumor microenvironment (TME) that educates malignant cells to thrive and metastasize. Although overwhelming evidence supports an acidic environment as a driver or ubiquitous hallmark of cancer progression, the unrevealed core mechanisms underlying the direct effect of acidification on tumorigenesis have hindered the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and clinical therapy. Here, chemical-induced and transgenic mouse models for colon, liver and lung cancer were established, respectively. miR-7 and TGF-β2 expressions were examined in clinical tissues (n = 184). RNA-seq, miRNA-seq, proteomics, biosynthesis analyses and functional studies were performed to validate the mechanisms involved in the acidic TME-induced lung cancer metastasis. Our data show that lung cancer is sensitive to the increased acidification of TME, and acidic TME-induced lung cancer metastasis via inhibition of miR-7-5p. TGF-β2 is a direct target of miR-7-5p. The reduced expression of miR-7-5p subsequently increases the expression of TGF-β2 which enhances the metastatic potential of the lung cancer. Indeed, overexpression of miR-7-5p reduces the acidic pH-enhanced lung cancer metastasis. Furthermore, the human lung tumor samples also show a reduced miR-7-5p expression but an elevated level of activated TGF-β2; the expressions of both miR-7-5p and TGF-β2 are correlated with patients' survival. We are the first to identify the role of the miR-7/TGF-β2 axis in acidic pH-enhanced lung cancer metastasis. Our study not only delineates how acidification directly affects tumorigenesis, but also suggests miR-7 is a novel reliable biomarker for acidic TME and a novel therapeutic target for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Our study opens an avenue to explore the pH-sensitive subcellular components as novel therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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Key Words
- AOM/DSS, azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate
- Acidic tumor microenvironment
- B[a]P, benzopyrene
- CA9, carbonic anhydrase IX
- DAB, diaminobenzidine
- DAVID, Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery
- DEGs, differentially expressed genes
- DEN, diethylnitrosamine
- DEPs, differentially expressed proteins
- DSS, dextran sodium sulfate
- GEMMs, genetically engineered tumor mouse models
- GSEA, gene set enrichment analysis
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- ISH, in situ hybridization
- Invasion
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma
- LUSC, lung squamous cell carcinoma
- Lung cancer
- MCT, monocarboxylate transporter
- Metastasis
- NHE, Na+/H+ exchanger
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- TGF-β2
- TME, tumor microenvironment
- TMT, tandem mass tagging
- V-ATPase, vacuolar ATPase
- miR-7-5p
- pH
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3
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Oishi N, Hundal T, Phillips JL, Dasari S, Hu G, Viswanatha DS, He R, Mai M, Jacobs HK, Ahmed NH, Syrbu SI, Salama Y, Chapman JR, Vega F, Sidhu J, Bennani NN, Epstein AL, Medeiros JL, Clemens MW, Miranda RN, Feldman AL. Molecular profiling reveals a hypoxia signature in breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Haematologica 2021; 106:1714-1724. [PMID: 32414854 PMCID: PMC8168507 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.245860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIAALCL) is a recently characterized T-cell malignancy that has raised significant patient safety concerns and led to worldwide impact on the implants used and clinical management of patients undergoing reconstructive or cosmetic breast surgery. Molecular signatures distinguishing BIA-ALCL from other anaplastic large cell lymphomas have not been fully elucidated and classification of BIA-ALCL as a World Health Organization entity remains provisional. We performed RNA sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis comparing BIA-ALCL to non-BIAALCL and identified dramatic upregulation of hypoxia signaling genes including the hypoxia-associated biomarker CA9 (carbonic anyhydrase- 9). Immunohistochemistry validated CA9 expression in all BIA-ALCL, with only minimal expression in non-BIA-ALCL. Growth induction in BIA-ALCL-derived cell lines cultured under hypoxic conditions was proportional to upregulation of CA9 expression, and RNA sequencing demonstrated induction of the same gene signature observed in BIAALCL tissue samples compared to non-BIA-ALCL. CA9 silencing blocked hypoxia-induced BIA-ALCL cell growth and cell cycle-associated gene expression, whereas CA9 overexpression in BIA-ALCL cells promoted growth in a xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, CA9 was secreted into BIA-ALCL cell line supernatants and was markedly elevated in human BIA-ALCL seroma samples. Finally, serum CA9 concentrations in mice bearing BIA-ALCL xenografts were significantly elevated compared to those in control serum. Together, these findings characterize BIA-ALCL as a hypoxia-associated neoplasm, likely attributable to the unique microenvironment in which it arises. These data support classification of BIA-ALCL as a distinct entity and uncover opportunities for investigating hypoxia-related proteins such as CA9 as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Oishi
- Department of Pathology, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tanya Hundal
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jessica L Phillips
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Guangzhen Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David S Viswanatha
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rong He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ming Mai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hailey K Jacobs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nada H Ahmed
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sergei I Syrbu
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Youssef Salama
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Francisco Vega
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jagmohan Sidhu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, United Health Services, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | | | - Alan L Epstein
- Dept of Pathology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark W Clemens
- Department of Plastic Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roberto N Miranda
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew L Feldman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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4
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Becker HM, Deitmer JW. Proton Transport in Cancer Cells: The Role of Carbonic Anhydrases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063171. [PMID: 33804674 PMCID: PMC8003680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra- and extracellular pH regulation is a pivotal function of all cells and tissues. Net outward transport of H+ is a prerequisite for normal physiological function, since a number of intracellular processes, such as metabolism and energy supply, produce acid. In tumor tissues, distorted pH regulation results in extracellular acidification and the formation of a hostile environment in which cancer cells can outcompete healthy local host cells. Cancer cells employ a variety of H+/HCO3−-coupled transporters in combination with intra- and extracellular carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms, to alter intra- and extracellular pH to values that promote tumor progression. Many of the transporters could closely associate to CAs, to form a protein complex coined “transport metabolon”. While transport metabolons built with HCO3−-coupled transporters require CA catalytic activity, transport metabolons with monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) operate independently from CA catalytic function. In this article, we assess some of the processes and functions of CAs for tumor pH regulation and discuss the role of intra- and extracellular pH regulation for cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger M. Becker
- Zoology and Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, TU Dresden, D-01217 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Joachim W. Deitmer
- Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
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Yogosawa S, Nakayama J, Nishi M, Ryo A, Yoshida K. Carbonic anhydrase 13 suppresses bone metastasis in breast cancer. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 27:100332. [PMID: 33588197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic progression is the leading cause of mortality in breast cancer. However, molecular mechanisms that govern this process remain unclear. In this study, we found that carbonic anhydrase 13 (CA13) plays a potential role in suppressing bone metastasis. iRFP713-labeled iCSCL-10A (iRFP-iCSCL-10A) breast cancer cells, which exhibit the hallmarks of cancer stem cells, exerted the ability of bone metastasis in hind legs after 5-week injections, whereas no metastasis was observed in control iRFP713-labeled MCF-10A (iRFP-MCF10A) cells. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the expression of several genes, including metabolism-related CA13, was reduced in bone metastatic iRFP-iCSCL-10A cells. In vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrated that overexpression of CA13 in iRFP-iCSCL-10A cells suppressed migration, invasion, and bone metastasis, together with the reduction of VEGF-A and M-CSF expression. Furthermore, we found that breast cancer patients with a low CA13 expression had significantly shorter overall survival and disease-free survival rates compared to those with higher CA13 expression. These findings suggest that CA13 may act as a novel prognostic biomarker and would be a therapeutic candidate for the prevention of bone metastasis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Yogosawa
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kiyotsugu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
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6
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Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a clinically heterogeneous disease and has poor patient outcome when tumours progress to castration-resistant and metastatic states. Understanding the mechanistic basis for transition to late stage aggressive disease is vital for both assigning patient risk status in the localised setting and also identifying novel treatment strategies to prevent progression. Subregions of intratumoral hypoxia are found in all solid tumours and are associated with many biologic drivers of tumour progression. Crucially, more recent findings show the co-presence of hypoxia and genomic instability can confer a uniquely adverse prognosis in localised PCa patients. In-depth informatic and functional studies suggests a role for hypoxia in co-operating with oncogenic drivers (e.g. loss of PTEN) and suppressing DNA repair capacity to alter clonal evolution due to an aggressive mutator phenotype. More specifically, hypoxic suppression of homologous recombination represents a “contextual lethal“ vulnerability in hypoxic prostate tumours which could extend the application of existing DNA repair targeting agents such as poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors. Further investigation is now required to assess this relationship on the background of existing genomic alterations relevant to PCa, and also characterise the role of hypoxia in driving early metastatic spread. On this basis, PCa patients with hypoxic tumours can be better stratified into risk categories and treated with appropriate therapies to prevent progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Ashton
- Translational Oncogenomics, CRUK Manchester Institute and CRUK Manchester Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert Bristow
- Translational Oncogenomics, CRUK Manchester Institute and CRUK Manchester Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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7
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Guan C, Ouyang D, Qiao Y, Li K, Zheng G, Lao X, Zhang S, Liao G, Liang Y. CA9 transcriptional expression determines prognosis and tumour grade in tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5832-5841. [PMID: 32299152 PMCID: PMC7214172 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CA9 is a member of the carbonic anhydrases’ family, that is often expressed in cancer cells under hypoxic condition. However, the role of CA9 in the molecular mechanisms of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) pathogenesis remains unclear. CA9 expression was analysed using the TCGA database, and its influence on survival was performed using Kaplan‐Meier, LASSO and COX regression analyses. The correlation between CA9 and immune infiltration was investigated by CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE. Moreover, the relationship between CA9 expression and downstream molecular regulation pathways was analysed by GSEA, GO and WGCNA. CA9 expression correlated with clinical prognosis and tumour grade in TSCC. Moreover, CA9 expression potentially contributes to the regulation of cancer cell differentiation and mediates tumour‐associated genes and signalling pathways, including apoptosis, hypoxia, G2M checkpoint, PI3K/AKR/mTOR signalling and TGF‐beta signalling pathways. However, the follicular helper T cells, regulatory T cells, immune and stromal scores showed no significance between high and low CA9 expression groups. These findings suggested that CA9 plays a critical role of TSCC prognosis and tumour grade. CA9 expression significantly correlated with the regulation of cell differentiation, various oncogenes and cancer‐associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Guan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daiqiao Ouyang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjie Qiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kan Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangsen Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Lao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sien Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiqing Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Lin CY, Wang SS, Yang CK, Li JR, Chen CS, Hung SC, Chiu KY, Cheng CL, Ou YC, Yang SF. Genetic polymorphism and carbonic anhydrase 9 expression can predict nodal metastatic prostate cancer risk in patients with prostate-specific antigen levels ≤10 ng/ml at initial biopsy. Urol Oncol 2019; 37:814.e9-814.e16. [PMID: 31155437 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Active surveillance is a common management method for low-risk prostate cancer (CaP). However, devising a method to prevent disease progression is crucial. Carbon anhydrase 9 (CA9) plays a vital role in cell adhesion and intercellular communication correlated to tumor metastasis. Our study explored the impact of CA9 genetic polymorphism on the clinicopathological features and prognosis of CaP. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 579 patients with CaP who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy were enrolled, 270 of whom had an initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level ≤10 ng/ml and 309 had initial one >10 ng/ml. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms of CA9 gene were examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS After adjusting the confounding factors, participants carrying at least one G allele at CA9 rs3829078 had a 2.241-fold change in PSA compared with the wild-type carrier (AA), leading to an initial PSA level of ≤10 ng/ml. Furthermore, patients with CaP with an initial PSA level ≤10 ng/ml who carried at least one G allele at CA9 rs3829078 had a 4.532-fold and 3.484-fold risk of lymph node metastasis and lymphovascular invasion, respectively. Moreover, The Cancer Genome Atlas database showed that the CA9 mRNA expression significantly increased N1 disease risk and worsened overall survival trends. CONCLUSION The rs3829078 polymorphic genotype of CA9 can predict the risk of lymph node metastasis of CaP with an initial PSA level ≤10 ng/ml. This is the first study to report a correlation between CA9 gene polymorphisms/CA9 mRNA expression and early detection of CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yen Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Surgical Critical Care, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Shiang Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kuang Yang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ri Li
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine and Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Shu Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chun Hung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yuan Chiu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Li Cheng
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chuan Ou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Tung's Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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9
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Finkelmeier F, Canli Ö, Peiffer KH, Walter D, Tal A, Koch C, Pession U, Vermehren J, Trojan J, Zeuzem S, Piiper A, Greten FR, Grammatikos G, Waidmann O. Circulating hypoxia marker carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and patients with cirrhosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200855. [PMID: 30011326 PMCID: PMC6047828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9), an enzyme expressed in response to hypoxia, acidosis and oncogenic alterations, is reported to be a prognostic factor in HCC patients. Here we evaluated serum CA9 levels in HCC and cirrhosis patients. METHODS HCC and cirrhosis patients were prospectively recruited and CA9 levels were determined. CA9 levels were compared to stages of cirrhosis and HCC stages. The association of the CA9 levels and overall survival (OS) was assessed. Furthermore, immunohistochemical CA9 expression in HCC and cirrhosis was evaluated. RESULTS 215 patients with HCC were included. The median serum CA9 concentration in patients with HCC was 370 pg/ml and significantly higher than in a healthy cohort. Patients with advanced cancer stages (BCLC and ALBI score) had hid significant higher levels of CA9 in the serum. HCC patients with high serum CA9 concentrations (>400 pg/ml) had an increased mortality risk (hazard ratio (HR) 1.690, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.017-2.809, P = 0.043). Serum CA9 concentration in cirrhotic patients did not differ significantly from HCC patients. Higher CA9 levels in cirrhotic patients correlated with portal hypertension and esophageal varices. Patients with ethanol induced cirrhosis had the highest CA9 levels in both cohorts. Levels of CA9 did not correlate with immunohistochemical expression. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that a high CA9 level is a possible prognostic indicator for a poor outcome in HCC patients. The high CA9 levels are probably mainly associated with portal hypertension. Ductular reactions might be a possible source of serum CA9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Finkelmeier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Özge Canli
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kai-Henrik Peiffer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Walter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Andrea Tal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Christine Koch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Ursula Pession
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes Vermehren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Trojan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Albrecht Piiper
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Florian R. Greten
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Georgios Grammatikos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Waidmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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10
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Mboge MY, Mahon BP, McKenna R, Frost SC. Carbonic Anhydrases: Role in pH Control and Cancer. Metabolites 2018; 8:E19. [PMID: 29495652 PMCID: PMC5876008 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pH of the tumor microenvironment drives the metastatic phenotype and chemotherapeutic resistance of tumors. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this pH-dependent phenomenon will lead to improved drug delivery and allow the identification of new therapeutic targets. This includes an understanding of the role pH plays in primary tumor cells, and the regulatory factors that permit cancer cells to thrive. Over the last decade, carbonic anhydrases (CAs) have been shown to be important mediators of tumor cell pH by modulating the bicarbonate and proton concentrations for cell survival and proliferation. This has prompted an effort to inhibit specific CA isoforms, as an anti-cancer therapeutic strategy. Of the 12 active CA isoforms, two, CA IX and XII, have been considered anti-cancer targets. However, other CA isoforms also show similar activity and tissue distribution in cancers and have not been considered as therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. In this review, we consider all the CA isoforms and their possible role in tumors and their potential as targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mam Y Mboge
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Brian P Mahon
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Robert McKenna
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Susan C Frost
- University of Florida, College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, P.O. Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Kato Y, Maeda T, Suzuki A, Baba Y. Cancer metabolism: New insights into classic characteristics. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2017; 54:8-21. [PMID: 29628997 PMCID: PMC5884251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Initial studies of cancer metabolism in the early 1920s found that cancer cells were phenotypically characterized by aerobic glycolysis, in that these cells favor glucose uptake and lactate production, even in the presence of oxygen. This property, called the Warburg effect, is considered a hallmark of cancer. The mechanism by which these cells acquire aerobic glycolysis has been uncovered. Acidic extracellular fluid, secreted by cancer cells, induces a malignant phenotype, including invasion and metastasis. Cancer cells survival depends on a critical balance of redox status, which is regulated by amino acid metabolism. Glutamine is extremely important for oxidative phosphorylation and redox regulation. Cells highly dependent on glutamine and that cannot survive with glutamine are called glutamine-addicted cells. Metabolic reprogramming has been observed in cancer stem cells, which have the property of self-renewal and are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. These findings suggest that studies of cancer metabolism can reveal methods of preventing cancer recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Kato
- Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan
- Corresponding author. Fax: +81 249328978.
| | - Toyonobu Maeda
- Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan
| | - Atsuko Suzuki
- Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan
| | - Yuh Baba
- Department of General Clinical Medicine, Ohu University School of Dentistry, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan
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Turner JR. Integrated cardiovascular safety: multifaceted considerations in drug development and therapeutic use. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2017; 16:481-492. [DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2017.1300252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Rick Turner
- Cardiac Safety Services, QuintilesIMS, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Campbell University College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Buies Creek, NC, USA
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