Use of Social Media to Promote Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis: Scoping Review

Organizational Determinants, Outcomes Related to Participation and Adherence to Cancer Public Health Screening: A Systematic Review

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, posing a significant burden on individuals, health systems, and societies [...].

Implementing mHealth Apps Through Community Engagement to Promote Cancer Screening: A Scoping Review

Background/Objectives: Colorectal (CRC), breast (BC), and cervical cancer (CC) pose a significant health burden, yet screening programs have been proven to reduce cancer-specific mortality and other non-lethal endpoints. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies can enhance adherence, but effectiveness varies. This scoping review aims to explore mHealth apps for cancer screening developed with community engagement, identifying research approaches and gaps. Methods: A scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines analyzed studies on mHealth apps for cancer screening developed through community engagement. Community engagement was classified per WHO's definition. Databases were searched using a PCC-based strategy; eligible studies involved app development, excluding hypothetical apps or text messaging-/social media-only interventions. Screening and data extraction were conducted independently. Results: Thirteen articles were included. Findings indicate a growing but limited body of evidence, with most studies focusing on CRC and BC and involving minority populations through mHealth apps. Key engagement phases included research design, CAB establishment, and recruitment, while priority setting was never community-led. The wMammogram, Meet ALEX, and mMammogram apps improved screening knowledge, intention, and participation, while ColorApp enhanced knowledge but not attitudes. Only CBPR-based studies included dissemination, and one involved the CAB in data analysis. Some studies acknowledged community contributions, though details on ColorApp's engagement were limited. Conclusions: Standardized engagement frameworks combined with mHealth were associated with greater community involvement and may improve equity. No community-designed mHealth app was found for CC screening, despite its relevance. Future research should address gaps in CC programs, prioritize early community involvement, and assess the long-term impact of mHealth interventions.

A surge of interest: Analysing the increased public interest in lipedema using google trends

AimThis study aimed to monitor public interest in information related to Lipedema and examine potential temporal, seasonal, and income-related trends that may impact public interest.Material - MethodsA dataset was created using the Google Trends tool by inputting the keyword "Lipedema" to obtain the relative search volume (RSV) from 2004 to the present in the United States (US). To examine potential income-related disparities in public interest in Lipedema across the US, RSV values were recorded in the five states with the highest and the lowest median income (Maryland, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Utah, and Washington and Mississippi, West Virginia, Arkansas, New Mexico, Kentucky, respectively).ResultsPublic interest in Lipedema increased significantly over time (R2 = 0.693, p < .001 for the linear trend; R2 = 0.880, p < .001 for the quadratic trend). There were no significant differences between the RSV values between the month of the year and the season of the year (p = 1.000 and p = .859, respectively). RSV values of the five highest-income and low-income states showed significant increases (R2 = 0.333, p < .001, and R2 = 0.195, p < .001, respectively) More rapid growth in interest in Lipedema in states with high income compared to the states with low income (p < .001).ConclusionPublic interest in Lipedema is increasing in both high-income and low-income states. States with higher incomes are more interested. Searches for lipedema are expected to become more frequent, leading to a rising demand for comprehensive education in medical schools and clinician training programs. In addition, there will also be a need for easily accessible, high-quality information resources.

Roads diverge: mapping the journey towards diagnostic health equity

BACKGROUND

Diagnostic disparities significantly impact health outcomes, with various factors influencing differential access and treatment across communities. This paper explores the complex landscape of diagnosis and of variable diagnostic journeys, focusing on the multifaceted nature of diagnostic inequities and proposing a socioecological model to understand and address these disparities.

METHODS

The authors employed an interdisciplinary approach, synthesising insights from their respective knowledge domains. Through iterative discussions, visual diagramming and narrative development, a new framework was constructed to address the complexity of diagnostic inequities.

RESULTS

The 'diagnostic environment' model was developed, conceptualising diagnosis beyond the biomedical process to include three levels of influence: atmospheric (broad, pervasive societal factors), surface (direct healthcare interactions) and subterranean (underlying, often invisible societal norms and biases). This model integrates process, social phenomena and multilevel influences to more comprehensively address diagnostic disparities. Two additional frameworks: diagnostic journeys within this environment and issue constellations guiding navigation and intervention were developed.

CONCLUSIONS

Diagnostic processes are influenced by a range of factors from individual to systemic levels, often leading to significant disparities in health outcomes. The proposed model offers a framework for understanding these disparities and suggests targeted interventions to address them. By integrating diverse perspectives and focusing on multilevel influences, the framework aims to improve diagnostic equity.

IMPLICATIONS

This study highlights the need for a more holistic approach to diagnosis, acknowledging the complex interplay of factors that contribute to diagnostic disparities. The socioecological model provides a basis for future research and policy interventions aimed at reducing these disparities and improving overall diagnostic accuracy and equity.

Culture Is Key: Engaging Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Populations in Breast Cancer Screening in High Income Contexts: A Scoping Review

BACKGROUND

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia and is the second highest cause of cancer mortality in Australian women. Screening in the form of mammography can significantly reduce mortality; however, research suggests that women from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds are less likely to participate in mammography screening. While there is an established body of literature describing the lower engagement of CALD populations in screening and the associated challenges they face, less is known about evidence-based interventions to improve engagement.

METHODS

A systematic scoping review was conducted to gain insights into best practice interventions to improve engagement of CALD populations in breast cancer screening. The search strategy followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. PUBMED, EMBASE and CINHAL databases were searched for studies published between January 2012 and October 2023.

RESULTS

The search yielded 3249 studies; after removing duplicates, 2011 titles and abstracts were screened, and 121 papers underwent full text review. Forty-one were included in the review. Key intervention types were identified, with combination or multi-component studies being most effective at increasing mammography in CALD populations. Cultural appropriateness and tailoring are the most important considerations to be integrated into screening programs.

CONCLUSION

CALD populations have lower engagement and experience many challenges in accessing screening services. This review found that the integration of cultural appropriateness and tailoring is critical in the successful delivery of breast screening services to CALD populations. Individual strategies are insufficient to engage this population in screening; multicomponent strategies are the most effective.

Impact of Social Media on Oncology Care

This review examines the evolving role of social media (SM) in oncology, highlighting its impact on patient support, professional collaboration, and public health communication. SM platforms enable cancer patients, survivors, caregivers, and oncology professionals to share information, seek support, connect with one another, and engage in education. However, the widespread use of SM introduces challenges, including misinformation and privacy concerns. The article discusses current practices, emerging trends, and the potential of SM in enhancing oncology care, with a focus on its impact across various stakeholders, while emphasizing the need for strategies to manage associated risks and fully harness SM's benefits.

Language as a barrier to colorectal cancer screening in flanders: an ecological study

BACKGROUND

Despite its potential with regard to the prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC), participation in the organized CRC screening programme of the Belgian region of Flanders is suboptimal. The role of language discordance as a determinant of screening participation in Europe is poorly understood, despite being identified as a potential barrier in qualitative and non-European studies.

METHODS

In an ecological study analysing data on the level of Flemish municipalities (n = 300) from 2016 to 2021, we investigated whether the proportion of non-Dutch speakers at home is correlated with the response rate to CRC screening programme invitations and/or the total CRC screening coverage using multiple linear regression. We also performed Kruskal-Wallis tests and Dunn's tests to examine municipal differences in screening based on their adjacency to the regions of Brussels and Wallonia.

RESULTS

After adjusting for confounders, the proportion of secondary school pupils that primarily speak a language other than Dutch at home was associated with a lower screening response rate (β = -0.327, 95% CI -0.359; -0.296)) and lower total screening coverage (β = -0.195, 95% CI -0.219; -0.171). Response rates and coverage were higher in municipalities at least two municipalities away from the border with Wallonia, Brussels or France. Our findings suggest that a high proportion of French speakers is particularly indicative of linguistic barriers to screening in Flemish municipalities (β = -0.358, 95% CI -0.397; -0.319 for response rate and β = -0.213, 95% CI -0.238; -0.188 for total coverage).

CONCLUSION

Our study highlights the need to consider potential linguistic challenges when optimizing CRC screening policies.

COVID-19 Public Health Communication on X (Formerly Twitter): Cross-Sectional Study of Message Type, Sentiment, and Source

Background

Social media can be used to quickly disseminate focused public health messages, increasing message reach and interaction with the public. Social media can also be an indicator of people's emotions and concerns. Social media data text mining can be used for disease forecasting and understanding public awareness of health-related concerns. Limited studies explore the impact of type, sentiment and source of tweets on engagement. Thus, it is crucial to research how the general public reacts to various kinds of messages from different sources.

Objective

The objective of this paper was to determine the association between message type, user (source) and sentiment of tweets and public engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

For this study, 867,485 tweets were extracted from January 1, 2020 to March 31, 2022 from Ireland and the United Kingdom. A 4-step analytical process was undertaken, encompassing sentiment analysis, bio-classification (user), message classification and statistical analysis. A combination of manual content analysis with abductive coding and machine learning models were used to categorize sentiment, user category and message type for every tweet. A zero-inflated negative binomial model was applied to explore the most engaging content mix.

Results

Our analysis resulted in 12 user categories, 6 message categories, and 3 sentiment classes. Personal stories and positive messages have the most engagement, even though not for every user group; known persons and influencers have the most engagement with humorous tweets. Health professionals receive more engagement with advocacy, personal stories/statements and humor-based tweets. Health institutes observe higher engagement with advocacy, personal stories/statements, and tweets with a positive sentiment. Personal stories/statements are not the most often tweeted category (22%) but have the highest engagement (27%). Messages centered on shock/disgust/fear-based (32%) have a 21% engagement. The frequency of informative/educational communications is high (33%) and their engagement is 16%. Advocacy message (8%) receive 9% engagement. Humor and opportunistic messages have engagements of 4% and 0.5% and low frequenciesof 5% and 1%, respectively. This study suggests the optimum mix of message type and sentiment that each user category should use to get more engagement.

Conclusions

This study provides comprehensive insight into Twitter (rebranded as X in 2023) users' responses toward various message type and sources. Our study shows that audience engages with personal stories and positive messages the most. Our findings provide valuable guidance for social media-based public health campaigns in developing messages for maximum engagement.

Social media use and the relationship with colorectal cancer screening among foreign-born populations in the United States

BACKGROUND

Social media (SM) has emerged as a tool for health-related usage among US adults, including cancer screening promotion. Here, we aimed to assess the differences in health-related SM use between US and foreign-born adults and the relationship between health-related SM use and colorectal (CRC) screening practices.

METHODS

Using data from the fifth edition of the National Cancer Institute's Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 5), cycle 2, we compared the differences in health-related SM use between US and foreign-born adults and the effects of SM use on CRC screening by country of birth. We included adults aged 50-75 and excluded participants with a history of CRC. The primary endpoint was CRC screening, which was determined by self-reported CRC screening using colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, or stool occult blood testing.

RESULTS

Our study included 1,812 adults, of whom 236 (13.0%) were foreign-born. Most participants (72.1%) reported undergoing CRC screening. Interestingly, we found no discernible difference in health-related SM use [odds ratio [OR] 0.91; 95% CI (0.49, 1.69)] between US and foreign-born adults. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that SM use did not influence CRC screening practices among either group (US-born: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.50, 1.52], foreign-born 0.52 [0.10, 2.51]).

CONCLUSION

Contrary to previous studies, which showed a positive relationship between SM use and satisfactory health-related practices, we found that although foreign-born adults use SM as much as US-born adults, there was no significant relationship between SM use and CRC screening.

Instagram Posts Promoting Colorectal Cancer Awareness: Content Analysis of Themes and Engagement During Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with early detection and screening being critical for reducing mortality. Social media platforms like Instagram offer a unique opportunity to raise awareness about CRC, particularly during designated awareness months. However, there is limited research on the effectiveness of CRC-related content on Instagram.

Objective

This study aims to examine how Instagram is used to raise awareness about CRC during Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month by analyzing the thematic content and engagement metrics of related posts. The research seeks to identify the prevalent themes, assess audience interaction with these messages, and highlight areas for improvement in leveraging Instagram as a tool for cancer awareness campaigns.

Methods

A total of 150 Instagram posts were collected based on their use of specific hashtags related to CRC awareness (#colorectalcancer, #colorectalcancerawareness, #colorectalcancerawarenessmonth) during March 2024. The text and images in the posts were categorized into themes such as screening and early detection, symptoms, general awareness, risk factors, individual's experiences, representation of racial and ethnic minoritized communities, and representation of women. Engagement metrics, including the number of likes and comments, were also analyzed. Two researchers independently coded the posts, achieving high interrater reliability (Cohen κ=0.93).

Results

Organizational accounts were more active, contributing 82% (n=123) of the 150 posts, compared to 18% (n=27) from individual users. The most frequently mentioned theme was screening and early detection, which made up 37.3% (n=56) of all posts. General awareness came in second at 19.3% (n=29), and risk factors came in third at 12% (n=18). Posts about individual experiences and general awareness received the highest engagement, indicating the effectiveness of personal narratives and broad informational content. Themes related to symptoms and representation of racial and ethnic minoritized communities and women were underrepresented.

Conclusions

This study highlights the potential of Instagram as a platform for promoting CRC awareness, particularly through posts about screening and early detection and personal experiences. However, there is a need for more inclusive and diverse content to ensure a broader reach and impact.

Exploring the ethics of using fictional stories for health education on social media to share information and emotions about the HPV vaccine: A cross-sectional study with interdisciplinary health experts

Social media is used to promote the HPV vaccine through various strategies, including the use of stories and narratives. Understanding the ethical concerns related to the use of social media in this capacity are important. The purpose of this study is to identify ethical concerns of using fictional stories to share information and emotions about the HPV vaccine on social media, ultimately to influence parents on their decision to vaccinate their child.

METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional survey with researchers in the fields of health communication, cancer prevention, social media, and public health ethics from October to December 2021. Respondents were presented with a fictional story that consisted of seven connected vignettes about the HPV vaccine. For each vignette, respondents were asked to rate the potential benefits and risk, as well as the potential for ethical concerns of using the fictional narrative style to share information about the HPV vaccine. Descriptive statistics summarized responses, and qualitative data were analyzed thematically.

RESULTS

On average, respondents (n = 41) perceived more benefits than risks when it comes to 1) using social media for health education generally and 2) using a story with connected vignettes for vaccine communication. The vignettes prioritizing vaccine hesitancy, positive emotion, and health equity were seen as having the most potential benefit, while the vignettes highlighting vaccine confidence and skepticism were seen as having the most potential risk. Overall, respondents felt there were several ethical concerns of note - persuasion was the most common (15 % of respondents) followed by deception (9 %) and manipulation (8 %). Qualitative data highlighted the importance of transparency and trust to avoid ethical violations and negative outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

Ethical concerns exist when using fictional stories to share health information on social media, particularly as new online technologies make it harder to tell fact from fiction. Practical and actionable recommendations for researchers must be developed, defining a range of ethical responsibilities.

Cancer Survivorship and the Significance of an Integrated Diachronic Life Course Perspective

Standardised health care is primarily focused on remediation and delivered episodically through costly and fragmented health-care systems. Such an approach is untenable, given the diversity and complexity of peoples' health-care needs, increasing prevalence of chronic disease and existing heath inequities. A life course perspective fundamentally challenges our current understanding of health care and has great potential to promote innovation in health-care practice, systems and policy. However, the way that health develops and manifests across the life course is a highly complex process underpinned by a plethora of causal antecedents, consequences and interdependencies that have yet to be adequately captured and articulated in current life course frameworks. The field of cancer survivorship and its recent rise to prominence provides a highly relevant and compelling case example to inform development and refinement of existing life course frameworks. Cancer survivorship exemplifies what can be described as an integrated diachronic life course perspective, which serves as a conceptual framework to enhance our understanding of health development across the life course and guide health-care practice, systems and policy to meet the increasingly complex health-care needs of current and future generations.

"I Saw it Incidentally but Frequently": Exploring the Effects of Online Health Information Scanning on Lung Cancer Screening Behaviors Among Chinese Smokers

In China, lung cancer is the most common cancer with high mortality. While prior research suggests that health information scanning influences cancer screening within the general population, a deeper exploration of the underlying mechanisms is imperative. This study specifically targets smokers, aiming to investigate whether online health information scanning can effectively encourage lung cancer screening and elucidate the mechanisms driving this association. Data were extracted from a Chinese national survey conducted between January and September 2023, exclusively involving current smokers (N = 992). A moderated mediation model was employed to examine a cognitive-affective sequential chain of mediation through risk perceptions and cancer worry. Results showed that 99.1% of Chinese smokers reported online health information scanning, which possessed significant influence. Online health information scanning was positively associated with effective lung cancer screening among smokers directly (OR = 1.927, p < .01) and indirectly (OR = .065, p < .001). The perceived threat of smoking and cancer worry served as the cognitive and affective mediating mechanisms. Furthermore, a moderating effect of eHealth literacy was observed (OR = 6.292, p < .05). Smokers with higher eHealth literacy are more inclined to undergo effective lung cancer screening. Based on these findings, public health sectors should leverage online platforms to disseminate tailored cancer screening education and implement initiatives to enhance public eHealth literacy.

Educational Advices for New-Graduate Nurse on Social Media in China: A Grounded Theory Study

Aims: This study aimed to excavate the entry advices and suggestions for new-graduate nurses. Background: Research based on social media analysis for advices to new-graduate nurses is rare. We conducted a detailed analysis and modularization of the relevant contents based on social media. Design: A grounded theory study based on social media content. Methods: The answers to questions such like "What's your advices and suggestions for new-graduate nurses?" on a famous social media platform in China were searched, collected, coded, and analyzed until September 2023. Results: Four core category modules including professional knowledge module, professional ability module, socialization and interpersonal communication module, and personal trait module were established. The theoretical framework of 21 main categories was also established. Conclusion: Social media contents provide valuable and experienced advices and suggestions for new-graduate nurses in an efficient and convenient way. The analysis of these contents is helpful for new-graduate nurse education and management.

"Infertility Isn't a Choice!": Conversations on Twitter about the Financial Burden of Oncofertility Care

This study aimed to evaluate how the adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer community utilized Twitter to discuss the financial challenges of oncofertility care and to advocate for change. Tweets related to oncofertility and finances (n = 166), collected over a 12-week time period encompassing AYA Cancer Awareness Week, were thematically analyzed. Conversations highlighted how the high cost of care contributed to already high emotional and social distress. Proposed actions included providing timely information more equitably, improving access to financial support, and continued advocacy of policy changes to improve access to oncofertility care. Future research can explore the potential impact on policy change and clinical care.

Using Digital Storytelling and Social Media to Combat COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Public Service Social Marketing Campaign

Disparities in vaccine confidence and uptake among racial and ethnic minorities have resulted in a disproportionate burden of COVID-19 in these populations. Social media campaigns have shown promise in public health promotion and behavioral interventions. In January 2022, an academic-community partnership launched #Vax4Community, a 6-month social media campaign centered around the use of digital storytelling videos. The campaign purpose was to decrease vaccine hesitancy, combat vaccine misinformation and disinformation, and increase vaccine confidence within three distinct target communities: the justice-involved population, South Asian residents, and public housing youth in the metropolitan area of New York City (NYC). Our approach included the production and dissemination of digital storytelling videos featuring personal vaccine experiences from target populations. We evaluated key performance indicators (KPIs) of the campaign, including post impressions, reach and engagement across social media platforms, and shares from partner organizations. Overall, we received 1,910,662 post impressions, 699,722 unique users reached, and 2,880 post engagements across Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter, and 147 shares from 48 partner organizations. Social media campaigns require strategic design in branding, messaging and outreach channels and could serve as an important tool to disseminate emotionally relatable content and trusted information to prime target populations to respond more optimally to public health interventions. The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of creating and disseminating these digital stories and the KPIs of the social media campaign.

Unraveling Pancreatic Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Global Trends

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies, characterized by late diagnosis, rapid progression, and limited treatment options. This literature review comprehensively examines the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic challenges, treatment modalities, and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. It highlights the global disparities in incidence and outcomes, exploring the influence of socioeconomic, environmental, and genetic factors on disease progression. In addition, this review discusses recent advancements in diagnostic tools and treatment strategies, identifying gaps in current research and clinical practices. The synthesis aims to inform future research directions and policy-making efforts to reduce the global burden of pancreatic cancer and improve patient outcomes.

The Effect of a Tailored Educational Flyer on Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Rural Residents: Lessons Learned from a Pilot Randomized Trial

Background/Objectives: Stool-based tests, such as the fecal immunochemical test (FIT), have been widely used for increasing colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Small media, such as printed materials or flyers, are known to be an effective intervention to increase CRC screening by fecal tests. However, more evidence is needed to determine whether such small media are effective in improving screening uptake of a mailed FIT intervention targeted at rural populations in the USA. Methods: In this randomized study, 1230 FIT kits were mailed from July to December 2022 to rural Nebraskans aged 45-74 who were not up to date on CRC screening. Half of the participants (n = 608) also received a tailored, one-page, gender-specific educational flyer created based on focus groups with rural residents. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of returning the FIT. Results: Study participants were predominantly female (76%), non-Hispanic White (83%), and within the age group of 55-64 (43%). Overall, 192 (15.6%) kits were returned (16.1% from the flyer group; 15.1% from the no-flyer group). However, we found no significant differences between the flyer and no-flyer groups (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.88-1.66). Females (AOR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.19-6.14) and the oldest (65-74) age group (AOR: 5.03; 95% CI: 2.78-8.47) were more likely to return FIT kits than males and the youngest (45-54) age group. Conclusions: A tailored educational flyer was not effective in improving the CRC-screening-rate-by-mailed-FIT approach for rural populations. Future research should explore the content, timing, and mode of delivery of educational interventions as well as other multi-component strategies to improve screening rates. Public health officials might also consider developing strategies targeted at males and younger (45-54) age groups.

Analyzing dissemination, quality, and reliability of Chinese brain tumor-related short videos on TikTok and Bilibili: a cross-sectional study

Background

As the Internet becomes an increasingly vital source of medical information, the quality and reliability of brain tumor-related short videos on platforms such as TikTok and Bilibili have not been adequately evaluated. Therefore, this study aims to assess these aspects and explore the factors influencing the dissemination of such videos.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on the top 100 brain tumor-related short videos from TikTok and Bilibili. The videos were evaluated using the Global Quality Score and the DISCERN reliability instrument. An eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithm was utilized to predict dissemination outcomes. The videos were also categorized by content type and uploader.

Results

TikTok videos scored relatively higher on both the Global Quality Score (median 2, interquartile range [2, 3] on TikTok vs. median 2, interquartile range [1, 2] on Bilibili, p = 1.51E-04) and the DISCERN reliability instrument (median 15, interquartile range [13, 18.25] on TikTok vs. 13.5, interquartile range [11, 16] on Bilibili, p = 1.66E-04). Subgroup analysis revealed that videos uploaded by professional individuals and institutions had higher quality and reliability compared to those uploaded by non-professional entities. Videos focusing on disease knowledge exhibited the highest quality and reliability compared to other content types. The number of followers emerged as the most important variable in our dissemination prediction model.

Conclusion

The overall quality and reliability of brain tumor-related short videos on TikTok and Bilibili were unsatisfactory and did not significantly influence video dissemination. Future research should expand the scope to better understand the factors driving the dissemination of medical-themed videos.

Prioritizing Patient-Centered Care in a World of Increasingly Advanced Technologies and Disconnected Care

With more treatment options in oncology lead to better outcomes and more favorable side effect profiles, patients are living longer-with higher quality of life-than ever, with a growing survivor population. As the needs of patients and providers evolve, and technology advances, cancer care is subject to change. This review explores the myriad of changes in the current oncology landscape with a focus on the patient perspective and patient-centered care.

Utilising the COM-B model to interpret barriers and facilitators to cervical cancer screening in young women

As most women now reaching the age for cervical cancer screening (24.5 years old) in the UK will be HPV vaccinated, their current perspectives on screening can inform effective interventions to increase screening uptake (and thus, early detection). Twenty-four interviews were conducted with women aged 24-30 years old to explore their views on cervical cancer screening (n = 12 attendees and n = 12 non-attendees). Reflexive thematic analysis generated six themes that were then mapped onto the COM-B model. Reflective motivations (e.g. reassurance) were key facilitators to screening attendance for both groups. Social opportunities (e.g. open communication) contrasted between the groups, with attendees more likely to have discussed screening with friends. Automatic motivations (e.g. embarrassment) were key barriers to attending screening in both groups. Notably, HPV vaccination did not factor into the decision to attend screening. Interventions to increase screening uptake may target motivational and social factors.

mhealth-based interventions to improving liver cancer screening among high-risk populations: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND

Liver cancer (LC) screening, such as AFP test and abdominal ultrasound, is an effective way to prevent LC, one of the most common cancers worldwide. Despite the proven screening benefits, screening participation among high-risk populations for LC remains low. This suggests that targeted, systematic, and effective interventions should be provided to improve knowledge and awareness related to LC screening, enhance screening intentions, and thereby promote screening behaviors. Telephone is people's main medium of daily communication and mHealth-based programs offer a potential and effective solution for promoting health behaviors. The purpose of this study is to develop and implement a mHealth (WeChat app) based intervention guided by Fogg's Behavior Model (FBM) to augment the knowledge of LC prevention among people at risk of LC and enhance their motivation for screening, and to validate its effectiveness in improving LC screening.

METHODS

We propose a two-arm, single-blind randomized controlled trial with 82 at-risk individuals of LC, delivering a 6-month mHealth-based intervention program with optional health counseling. Recruitment will be through tertiary hospitals and community organizations in 4 districts in Heng Yang. In total, 82 individuals at high risk for HCC will be randomized 1:1 to intervention or control (usual care) groups. The intervention group will receive intervention, whose contents are based on the FBM model, via multiple forms of media including PowerPoint presentation, multimedia video, health information booklet and screening message, which is delivered in the WeChat Applet. Control dyads will be provided with usual health education. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and post-intervention.

DISCUSSION

The findings of this study will provide evidence of the benefits of utilizing mHealth-based approaches in intervention development to enhance the effectiveness of screening adherence for high-risk people of LC. Further, the findings would provide reference to the potential incorporation of the targeted intervention in local community organizations.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2400080530) Date registered: 31/1/2024.

Associations between news coverage, social media discussions, and search trends about celebrity deaths, screening, and other colorectal cancer-related events

OBJECTIVE

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death among both men and women in the United States. CRC-related events may increase media coverage and public attention, boosting awareness and prevention. This study examined associations between several types of CRC events (including unplanned celebrity cancer deaths and planned events like national CRC awareness months, celebrity screening behavior, and screening guideline changes) and news coverage, Twitter discussions, and Google search trends about CRC and CRC screening.

METHODS

We analyzed data from U.S. national news media outlets, posts scraped from Twitter, and Google Trends on CRC and CRC screening during a three-year period from 2020 to 2022. We used burst detection methods to identify temporal spikes in the volume of news, tweets, and search after each CRC-related event.

RESULTS

There is a high level of heterogeneity in the impact of celebrity CRC events. Celebrity CRC deaths were more likely to precede spikes in news and tweets about CRC overall than CRC screening. Celebrity screening preceded spikes in news and tweets about screening but not searches. Awareness months and screening guideline changes did precede spikes in news, tweets, and searches about screening, but these spikes were inconsistent, not simultaneous, and not as large as those events concerning most prominent public figures.

CONCLUSIONS

CRC events provide opportunities to increase attention to CRC. Media and public health professionals should actively intervene during CRC events to increase emphasis on CRC screening and evidence-based recommendations.

Awareness of Colorectal Cancer and associated Factors among Adults in Bahir Dar City, Northwest, Ethiopia

BACKGROUND

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by abnormal cancerous division of cells in the colon or rectum. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most prevalent cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to assess awareness of colorectal cancer and its associated factors among adults in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia, in 2023.

METHODS

A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in Bahir Dar City from April 17 to May 23, 2023. A total of 845 participants were selected using stratified multi-stage sampling. Interviewer administered questionnaire and validated cancer awareness Questionnaire were used to measure awareness of colorectal cancer in adults.

RESULTS

In this study, a total of 845 individuals were approached, and 839 participated, with a response rate of 99.2%. Out of 839 respondents, 314 (37.4%) of them had a high awareness of colorectal cancer. Being female (AOR (4.6) 95% CI (3.19-6.63), living in urban areas [AOR = 4.74; 95% CI (3.14-7.15)], educational level secondary school [AOR = 2.1 times; 95% CI (1.02-4.32)] and college and above [AOR =22.9; 95% CI (1.13-6.47)], and heard about colorectal cancer [AOR = 4.29; 95% CI (2.96-6.22)] had high awareness of colorectal cancer.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The current study revealed that awareness of colorectal cancer was low. Sex, residency, level of education, and hearing about CRC, were associated factors of the awareness of CRC. Therefore, community-based education should be promoted about awareness of colorectal cancer.

Effectiveness of a Mobile Health Application for Educating Outpatients about Bowel Preparation

Colonoscopy is an essential method for diagnosing and treating colorectal cancer, relying on effective bowel preparation to thoroughly examine the large intestinal mucosa. Traditional education involves printed instructions and verbal explanations but does not guarantee clear patient understanding. Poor bowel preparation can obscure mucosal visibility, delaying cancer diagnosis and treatment. A mobile medical model using Android devices for bowel preparation education was tested in a single-blind, randomized trial. This trial enrolled outpatients undergoing colonoscopy at the Endoscopy Center for Diagnostic and Treatment between 27 October 2021 and 31 December 2022. This study introduced the ColonClean app alongside traditional methods. After examination, endoscopists rated the preparation quality using the Aronchick scale. A data analysis was conducted using SPSS 25.0 to determine if there was a significant improvement in bowel preparation quality between the control group (traditional method) and the experimental group (traditional method plus the ColonClean app). Forty patients were recruited in each group. In the experimental group, all ratings were "fair", with 75% receiving an "excellent" or "good" rating, showing statistical significance (p = 0.016). The ColonClean app improves bowel preparation quality more effectively than traditional care instructions.

Cervical cancer prevention in Burkina Faso: a stakeholder's collaboration for the development of awareness messaging

Background

Cervical Cancer stands as the second leading cause of both incident female cancers and deaths in Burkina Faso. Unfortunately, the prevention, early detection, and care of cervical cancers are suboptimal at individual, institutional, and national levels. In October 2023, we organized a stakeholder's workshop to develop cervical cancer awareness messaging for disease control in the country.

Methods

A one-text workshop was organized with stakeholders working toward improving health in general or women's health and well-being. A participatory, learning, and adaptive approach was used to facilitate discussions and activities, ensuring the contribution of all participants. Contextual evidence-based and empirical elements about cervical cancer burden and preventive strategies were presented to the participants by key informants. These served as the foundation for a collaborative formulation of messaging content that aimed at raising awareness about cervical cancer.

Results

Sixty-two participants from 28 organizations attended the workshop. They work mainly at local and international non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations, universities, university hospitals, research centers, and the Ministry of Health. During the first and second days of the workshop, the participants explored cervical cancer data, its preventive and treatment options available in Burkina Faso, communication strategies for behavioral change, and determinants of the use of prevention and health promotion services. During the following three days, 3 working groups were formed to define strategies, and key messages adapted to diverse tools and targeted audiences. All information was validated during plenary sessions before the end of the workshop and available to all participants and their organizations for cancer awareness activities.

Conclusion

Upon conclusion of the workshop, the participants provided insightful information for the development of cervical awareness messaging in Burkina Faso. They formed the first community of practice to serve as a dynamic platform for implementation, monitoring, evaluation, and continued learning activities.

Social Media Campaigns: A Game Changer for the Prevention of Breast Cancer in Romania

Social media can be used to raise awareness about health issues, especially concerning the importance of periodical screening. The present study aims to identify the role of social media awareness campaigns in the early detection of breast cancer, with a focus on Romania, a country with a high female mortality due to this disease. The research is performed using a survey, based on an online questionnaire, which was self-administered by the respondents included in two samples selected from a Facebook community of Romanian women. Sample A was composed of 1945 women who were not exposed to periodic campaigns regarding the importance of screening for the prevention and early detection of this type of disease, and Sample B was composed of 289 women who were exposed to such annual campaigns within the last 5 years. The results outline several differences among respondents from the two samples regarding their awareness of prevention necessity, as well as the frequency and chosen methods for breast cancer screening. The findings hold important implications for public authorities, which must intensify their efforts in raising women's awareness regarding the importance of screening for the early detection and prevention of breast cancer.

Early age at menarche and history of sexually transmitted infections significantly predict cervical cancer screening uptake among women aged 25-49 years: evidence from the 2021 Côte d'Ivoire demographic and health survey

INTRODUCTION

Cervical cancer is the second dominant type of cancer among Ivorian women with an estimated age-standardised incidence and mortality rate of 31.2 cases and 22.8 deaths per 100,000 women in 2020, respectively. The Ivorian government through its Ministry of Health implemented the National Cancer Control Programme (NCCP) in 2003 with the aim of improving the prevention, early detection and treatment of cancers in Côte d'Ivoire. Yet, there is a low uptake of CCS (1.2%). Thus, making CCS uptake an important public health concern in the country. Understanding of the extent to which reproductive factors predict CCS uptake is limited in literature. This study aimed to investigate reproductive factors as a predictor of women's uptake of CCS in Côte d'Ivoire.

METHODS

Data from the 2021 Côte d'Ivoire Demographic and Health Survey. A sample of 9,078 women aged 25-49 years were analyzed. The outcome variable was CCS uptake while other variables considered included age at menarche, history of STI, sexual debut, parity, age, educational level, wealth index, health insurance, place of residence, and media exposure. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to examine the association between the outcome of interest and predictors at 95% confidence interval.

RESULTS

Approximately, 7.52% of women aged 25-49 years had ever undergone testing for cervical cancer by a healthcare provider. Early menarche was associated with lower odds of CCS uptake [AOR = 0.78; CI = 0.65-0.95]. Compared to those who had no STI, women with a history of STI were more likely to screen for cervical cancer [AOR = 2.63; CI = 2.02-3.42]. Increasing age, higher educational attainment, having health insurance, and being exposed to media were significantly associated with CCS uptake.

CONCLUSION

In Cote d'Ivoire, age at menarche and STI history constitute reproductive factors that were significantly associated with women's uptake of CCS. It is imperative for public policy to focus on increasing CCS in these higher-risk women (i.e., women who experienced early menarche, women with early sexual debut and higher parity) through increased sensitization on cervical cancer risk factors.

Social Media Health Promotion and Audience Engagement: The Roles of Information Dissemination, Organization-Audience Interaction, and Action Confidence Building

Social media have become an important platform for health promotion. Based on the Information-Community-Action Framework, we conducted a content analysis of 1,481 Facebook postings by Singapore's Health Promotion Board. Results showed that organizational information and health benefit information dissemination were positively associated with online audience engagement. Also, organization-audience interaction had a positive relationship with online audience engagement. In addition, messages that help build confidence for health behavior change increased online audience engagement. In addition to these main effects, organization-audience interaction also played a moderating role that strengthened the effects of information dissemination and action confidence building on online audience engagement. This study offers important theoretical contributions to the Information-Community-Action Framework and has practical implications for enhancing the effectiveness of health promotion in this digital era.

Social media use in HPV-, cervical cancer-, and cervical screening-related research: A scoping review

OBJECTIVE

In response to the World Health Organization's global call to eliminate cervical cancer, many countries have targets to implement human papillomavirus (HPV) primary screening. Social media may offer opportunities to promote uptake of HPV screening. We aimed to describe the extent of the scientific literature regarding social media research on HPV, cervical cancer and cervical screening.

METHODS

Seven databases were searched for peer-reviewed English-language studies related to social media research and HPV, cervical cancer and cervical screening published up to November 2023. One reviewer completed the title/abstract screening and two reviewers independently reviewed full-text articles. Data extraction was carried out by one reviewer and verified by a second reviewer. Information such as the research topic, social media platform of interest, participant characteristics, methods, analysis type, outcome measures, and key findings were collected.

RESULTS

In the 58 articles included, researchers used social media in the following ways: evaluate content, recruit participants or disseminate a survey/questionnaire, disseminate health communication content, examine the relationship between social media use and outcomes, and to conduct experiments testing the effects of social media content on outcomes. Twitter and Facebook were the most common platforms mentioned. Four articles explicitly mentioned theory.

CONCLUSIONS

Opportunities for research are identified such as further exploration of how newer social media platforms such as Instagram and TikTok can be used to share HPV content, examination of appropriate images for effective communication, and determining key features of social media content to promote information sharing and improve cervical screening knowledge, attitudes and behaviours.

Belief that Progress has Been Made in Curing Cancer Varies by Perception of Social Media Health Mis- and Disinformation, Education, Frequency of Social Media Use, and Healthcare System Trust: A Cross-Sectional Study

OBJECTIVE

This study explored the relationship between perceptions of health mis/disinformation on social media and belief that progress has been made in curing cancer.

METHODS

We analyzed cross-sectional, retrospective data collected from 4246 adult social media users in the 2022 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 6). The outcome variable was the belief in whether progress has been made in curing cancer. The primary predictor variable was the perception of health mis/disinformation on social media, categorized as 'Substantial' and '< Substantial'. We also examined whether the relationship varied by health care system trust, frequency of social media use, and education. The analysis controlled for demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors.

RESULTS

Perception of substantial social media health mis- and disinformation was associated with a lower likelihood of believing progress has been made in curing cancer (odds ratios = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.59-0.94). Persons who perceived substantial social media health mis-and disinformation and had low trust in the health care system were less likely to believe progress has been made in curing cancer: 36% (95% CI: 28-45%). Persons who perceived substantial social media health mis-and disinformation and used social media less than daily were less likely to believe progress has been made in curing cancer: 44% (95% CI: 36-52%). Persons without a college degree who perceived substantial social media health mis-and disinformation were less likely to agree that progress has been made in curing cancer: 44% (95% CI: 39-50%).

CONCLUSION

Exposure to misinformation on social media may be associated with negative attitudes about advances in curing cancer, particularly among social media users with low trust in the health care system trust, less frequent social media users, or those without a college degree.

Social media use and health promotion among cancer survivors

OBJECTIVE

Social media is becoming recognized as an effective platform for cancer health promotion, education, care, and support. However, its utility as a health promotion tool remains relatively unexplored.

METHODS

Using cross-sectional data from the 2017-2020 Health Information National Trends Survey, we evaluated health-related usage of social media among cancer survivors and individuals without a history of cancer. We also examined the participant characteristics associated with social media usage and evaluated the relationship between social media use and positive health behaviors among the cancer survivors.

RESULTS

Overall, cancer survivors (n = 2579) were as likely as individuals without a history of cancer to use social media for health promotion. Males [OR 0.65; 95% CI (0.45, 0.93)] and older adults (>60 years old) [OR 0.27; 95% CI(0.10, 0.77)] were less likely to use social media, while higher income [OR 2.27; 95% CI (1.05, 4.92) middle income; OR 1.90; 95% CI (1.17, 3.09) high income] and educational levels [OR 3.29; 95% CI (1.85, 5.84) some college; OR 2.36; 95% CI (1.30, 4.28) college graduate or more] were associated with more health-related social media use among survivors. Cancer survivors used social media for online support groups more than other individuals, and those who used at least one form of social media for health-related purposes increasingly meet national recommendations for strength training compared to non-users [OR 2.15; 95% CI (1.48, 3.13)].

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings demonstrate the potential utility of social media to promote positive health behaviors among cancer survivors. Further research is needed to describe the efficacy of social media-based interventions for improving health behaviors in diverse cancer populations.

Online public health promotion at the local level: An evaluation of four local authority-led marketing campaigns

Objective

Local authority-led online campaigns offer the possibility of targeted health promotion to connect local services and residents. This study assesses the evidence for medium (e.g., click-trhoughs) and high (off-line behaviour change) levels of public engagement with four local authority-led campaigns across a variety of public health promotions (sexual health, weight loss, and vaccination), online marketing approaches (social media marketing, search engine marketing, and programmatic marketing) and target demographics (language, gender, age, income, ethnicity) undertaken by a London borough local authority.

Methods

Employing quasi-experimental and observational study designs, engagement with local health services during the course of the campaigns was evaluated. The first three campaigns were evaluated based on an interrupted time series model of intervention assessment comparing outcome variables of interest during the campaign to periods before and after the campaign period. The results of the fourth campaign, an observational case-study, are discussed using descriptive statistics only.

Results

The analyses of the high engagement data for two of the three campaigns statistically assessed clearly supported the effectiveness of the campaigns. While the effect of high engagement could not be determined in the other two campaigns, they provide data that may be useful in online campaign design.

Conclusions

The evidence assessed in this study across a variety of platforms, health promotion initiatives, and population targets suggests that local authority-led online marketing campaigns for health promotion may be useful for increasing participation in public health programmes.

Persistence of patient-detected breast cancer over time: 1990-2019

BACKGROUND

The continued presentation of patient-detected breast cancer (BC) and associated characteristics over time is understudied.

METHODS

In a large institutional cohort of first primary stage 0-IV patients with BC in 1990-2019 (n = 15,827), diagnostic method (patient-detected [PtDBC] [n = 5844]; mammography-detected [MamDBC] [nondiagnostic] [n = 9248]; and physician-detected [PhysDBC] [n = 736]) and patient and tumor characteristics including age, race, TNM stage, and hormone-receptor status were reviewed. Pearson χ2 tests for bivariate comparisons and logistic regression for patient detection-associated factors were used.

RESULTS

In a cohort from 1990 to 2019, the proportion aged 50-74 years (55%-63%; p < .001) and non-White race (9%-37%; p < .001) increased over time. Percentage PtDBC decreased over time but case numbers increased (1990-1999: 44% [n = 1399]; 2010-2019: 34% [n = 2349]; p < .001). Excluding stage 0, PtDBC declined from 47% to 41% over time (p < .001). In 2010-2019, 21% of cases were stage 0, 91% of which were mammography detected (n = 1439). Seventy percent of patient-detected cases were stage II-IV (stage II, 44%; stage III, 20%; stage IV, 6%; p < .001). In adjusted logistic regression, the odds of PtDBC decreased over time (2000-2009: odds ratio [OR], .65 [95% CI, .58-.72]; 2010-2019: OR, .54 [95% CI, .49-.60]), with age <40 years OR, 15.81, and Black and non-White other at 50% increased risk.

CONCLUSIONS

The relative proportion of PtDBC decreased to a constant 34%-40% of total cases after 1990-1999. PtDBC case numbers increased in subsequent years (2000-2019), and were consistently higher stage. Interval cancers, mammography-screening uptake, breast health awareness of age groups outside screening guidelines, and underserved socioeconomic groups may be related to the continued significant PtDBC incidence.

PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY

After decades of mammography-screening availability, symptomatic patient-detected breast cancer declined over time from 44% to a persistent rate of 34% in our institutional cohort. The persistence of patient-detected breast cancer over time presents a difficult situation for patients and care givers without clear diagnosis pathways for younger and older women outside recommended screening guidelines, who often present with higher stage and more lethal characteristics. More timely diagnosis and treatment including breast health awareness, prompt presentation of breast problems, outreach to younger age and minority groups, and provision of specialized training and care delivery for symptomatic patient-detected breast cancer are needed.

Public Awareness of Obesity as a Risk Factor for Cancer in Central Saudi Arabia: Feasibility of ChatGPT as an Educational Intervention

BACKGROUND

While the link between obesity and chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disorders is well-documented, there is a growing body of evidence connecting obesity with an increased risk of cancer. However, public awareness of this connection remains limited.

STUDY PURPOSE

To analyze public awareness of overweight/obesity as a risk factor for cancer and analyze public perceptions on the feasibility of ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence-based conversational agent, as an educational intervention tool.

METHODS

A mixed-methods approach including deductive quantitative cross-sectional approach to draw precise conclusions based on empirical evidence on public awareness of the link between obesity and cancer; and inductive qualitative approach to interpret public perceptions on using ChatGPT for creating awareness of obesity, cancer and its risk factors was used in this study. Participants included adult residents in Saudi Arabia. A total of 486 individuals and 21 individuals were included in the survey and semi-structured interviews respectively.

RESULTS

About 65% of the participants are not completely aware of cancer and its risk factors. Significant differences in awareness were observed concerning age groups (p < .0001), socio-economic status (p = .041), and regional distribution (p = .0351). A total of 10 themes were analyzed from the interview data, which included four positive factors (accessibility, personalization, cost-effectiveness, anonymity and privacy, multi-language support) and five negative factors (information inaccuracy, lack of emotional intelligence, dependency and overreliance, data privacy and security, and inability to provide physical support or diagnosis).

CONCLUSION

This study has underscored the potential of leveraging ChatGPT as a valuable public awareness tool for cancer in Saudi Arabia.

State of cancer care in India and opportunities for innovation

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in India. Despite recent medical and technological advances, the cancer burden in India remains high and continues to rise. Moreover, substantial regional disparities in cancer incidence and access to essential medical resources exist throughout the country. While innovative and effective cancer therapies hold promise for improving patient outcomes, several barriers hinder their development and utilization in India. Here we provide an overview of these barriers, including challenges related to patient awareness, inadequate infrastructure, scarcity of trained oncology professionals, and the high cost of cancer care. Furthermore, we discuss the limited availability of cancer clinical trials in the country, along with an examination of potential avenues to enhance cancer care in India. By confronting these hurdles head-on and implementing innovative, pragmatic solutions, we take an indispensable step toward a future where every cancer patient in the country can access quality care.

Examining Public Communication About Surgical Cancer Care on Twitter

INTRODUCTION

Social media platforms like Twitter are highly utilized for communicating about cancer care. Although surgery is the primary curative treatment for solid malignancies, little is known about online communication behaviors regarding this treatment modality. This study tracked online discussions and characterized participants to better characterize the content of public communication about surgical cancer care.

METHODS

Tweets referencing cancer surgery were collected from 2018 to 2021 using Twitter's Application Programming Interface. Metadata (e.g., profile biography, follower count) was used to predict user demographic information. Natural language processing was performed using Latent Dirichlet Allocation to identify common themes of conversation and mentioned cancer sites.

RESULTS

There were 442,840 tweets about cancer surgery by 262,168 users, including individuals (65%), influencers (1.5%), surgeons (1%), and oncologists (0.5%). Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, tweets mentioning delays in care increased by 21.7% (1971-57,846 tweets). Individuals commonly mentioned surgical costs (20.3%) and postoperative recovery (21.6%). Surgeons and oncologists frequently mentioned research (52.7%), but infrequently mentioned community support (7.8%) or survivorship (9.3%). Relative to their prevalence, neurologic cancers were most discussed (231 tweets per 1000 operations) while thoracic (29 tweets per 1000 operations) and urologic cancers were least discussed (12 tweets per 1000 operations).

CONCLUSIONS

Twitter was utilized by patients to discuss real-time issues such as COVID-19-related surgical delays and the financial burden of cancer surgery. Further efforts to improve community outreach may be optimized by targeting greater discussion of undermentioned cancer types and encouraging clinicians to participate in discussions about community-centered themes.

Analyzing Public Interest in Osteoarthritis and Its Minimally Invasive Treatments: A Google Trends Analysis

Introduction In recent years, online search engines have become a source of information about medical issues. We aimed to evaluate the public's interest in osteoarthritis and minimally invasive treatments of osteoarthritis in the last 10 years using Google Trends (GT). Methods Interventional physiatrist analyzed 14 selected terms (joint pain, joint pain treatment, joint cartilage damage, narrowing of the joint, osteoarthrosis, osteoarthritis, intra-articular injection, intra-articular steroid, intra-articular hyaluronic acid, intra-articular plasma rich platelet (PRP), essential oil for joint pain, joint pain supplements, home remedies for joint pain, and stem cell for joint) related with osteoarthritis and minimally invasive treatments of osteoarthritis in physical medicine and rehabilitation discipline. All keywords were searched in the GT application using the 'all categories,' 'web search,' and 'worldwide' filters. The last 10 years have been divided into two equal parts, each spanning five years (from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017, and January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022). Public interest in the 14 keywords mentioned above was recorded for these two periods, and the GT for all 14 keywords were compared across the two five-year periods. Results Searching rates for the terms 'joint pain,' 'joint pain treatment,' 'joint cartilage damage,' 'narrowing of the joint,' 'osteoarthritis,' 'intra-articular injection,' 'intra-articular PRP,' and 'joint pain supplements' have increased significantly in the last five years (p= 0.001, p= 0.001, p= 0.005, p= 0.001, p= 0.001, p= 0.004, p= 0.001, and p= 0.001, respectively). The average Google Trends (GT) score for all terms was 40 between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017, and the average GT score for all terms was 48 between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022 (p= 0.001). Conclusion The present study stated that public interest in osteoarthritis and minimally invasive treatments for osteoarthritis has increased significantly in the last five years. Study outcomes demonstrated that public attention to 'joint pain,' 'joint treatment,' 'joint cartilage damage,' 'narrowing of the joint,' 'osteoarthritis,' 'intra-articular injection,' 'intra-articular PRP,' and 'joint pain supplements' has also significantly increased in the last five years.

U.S. Newspaper Coverage of Lung Cancer Screening From 2010 to 2022

BACKGROUND. Newspapers are an important source of information for the public about low-dose CT (LDCT) lung cancer screening (LCS) and may influence public perception and knowledge of this important cancer screening service. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the volume, content, and other characteristics of articles pertaining to LCS that have been published in U.S. newspapers. METHODS. The ProQuest U.S. Newsstream database was searched for U.S. newspaper articles referring to LCS published between January 1, 2010 (the year of publication of the National Lung Screening Trial results), and March 28, 2022. Search terms included "lung cancer screening(s)," "lung screening(s)," "low dose screening(s)," and "LDCT." Search results were reviewed to identify those articles mentioning LCS. Characteristics of included articles and originating newspapers were extracted. Articles were divided among nine readers, who independently assessed article sentiment regarding LCS and additional article content using a standardized form. RESULTS. The final analysis included 859 articles, comprising 816 nonsyndicated articles published in a single newspaper and 43 syndicated articles published in multiple newspapers. Sentiment regarding LCS was positive in 76% (651/859) of articles, neutral in 21% (184/859), and negative in 3% (24/859). Frequency of positive sentiment was lowest (61%) for articles published from 2010 to 2012; frequency of negative sentiment was highest (8%) for articles published in newspapers in the highest quartile for weekly circulation. LCS enrollment criteria were mentioned in 52% of articles, smoking cessation programs in 28%, need for annual CT in 27%, and shared decision-making in 4%. Cost or insurance coverage for LCS was mentioned in 33% in articles. A total of 64% of articles mentioned at least one benefit of LCS (most commonly early detection or possible cure of lung cancer), and 23% mentioned at least one harm (most commonly false-positives). A total of 9% of articles interviewed or mentioned a radiologist. CONCLUSION. The sentiment of U.S. newspaper articles covering LCS from 2010 to 2022 was overall positive. However, certain key elements of LCS were infrequently mentioned. CLINICAL IMPACT. The findings highlight areas for potential improvement of LCS media coverage; radiologists have an opportunity to take a more active role in this coverage.

Analysis of awareness of gynaecological cancers İn women using social media

This study aimed to use social media to investigate the relationship between the demographic, obstetric and gynaecological characteristics and the awareness of gynaecological cancer among women. The data were collected between 1st March and May 2018 using an internet-baseline survey/surveymonkey/google form. The sample was consisted of 1227 women who were literate, active social media users and had volunteered to participate in the study via social media. The GCAS scores of women who were in the age range 20-24 years, primary school graduates, no social security, were not pregnant, had a miscarriage, did not examine their external genital organs, had not entered the menopause and who did not use any family planning methods, were lower than the other women. The GCA of the women was found to be high.

"I don't know what I'm feeling for": young women's beliefs about breast cancer risk and experiences of breast awareness

BACKGROUND

Younger women are often diagnosed with advanced breast cancer. Beliefs about risk are instrumental in motivating many health protective behaviours, but there may be confusion around which behaviour is appropriate to detect breast cancer earlier. Breast awareness, defined as an understanding of how the breasts look and feel so changes can be identified early, is widely recommended. In contrast, breast self-examination involves palpation using a specified method. We aimed to investigate young women's beliefs about their risk and experiences of breast awareness.

METHODS

Thirty-seven women aged 30-39 years residing in a North West region of England with no family or personal history of breast cancer participated in seven focus groups (n = 29) and eight individual interviews. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

RESULTS

Three themes were generated. "Future me's problem" describes why women perceive breast cancer as an older woman's disease. Uncertainty regarding checking behaviours highlights how confusion about self-checking behaviour advice has resulted in women infrequently performing breast checks. Campaigns as a missed opportunity highlights the potential negative effects of current breast cancer fundraising campaigns and the perceived absence of educational campaigning about breast cancer for this demographic.

CONCLUSIONS

Young women expressed low perceived susceptibility to developing breast cancer in the near future. Women did not know what breast self-checking behaviours they should be performing and expressed a lack of confidence in how to perform a breast check appropriately due to limited knowledge about what to look and feel for. Consequently, women reported disengagement with breast awareness. Defining and clearly communicating the best strategy for breast awareness and establishing whether it is beneficial or not are essential next steps.

Google Trends in Breast and Cervical Cancer Searches From 2008 to 2021: An Infodemiology Study

INTRODUCTION

Breast and cervical cancer are the leading causes of cancer death among women worldwide. Given the growing concern, cervical cancer awareness month (CCAM) in January and Breast cancer awareness month (BCAM) in October occur annually as global health observances to raise public awareness. This infodemiology study aimed to assess trends in public online searches for breast cancer and cervical cancer following the annual BCAM and CCAM from 2008 to 2021.

METHODS

Google Trends (GT) was used to investigate online searches for "breast cancer" and "cervical cancer" from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2021. (168 months). A joinpoint regression analysis was used to identify statistically significant weekly percentage changes (WPCs) and monthly percentage changes (MPCs) trends over time.

RESULTS

Breast cancer searches increased in October (BCAM) every year, while cervical cancer searches increased in January (CCAM) in 2013, 2019, and 2020. Joinpoint regression analysis revealed a significant negative trend in "breast cancer" searches from 2008 to 2021 (MPC: -0.2%, 95% CI: -0.3 to -0.1) and an upward trend in "cervical cancer" searches from May 2017 to December 2021 (MPC: 0.5%, 95% CI: 0.2 to 0.7).

CONCLUSION

Online searches on "breast cancer" remain consistently high only during BCAM, and "cervical cancer" has increased by 0.5% MPC since May 2017. Our findings can inform online interventions like event-based opportunities (BCAM and CCAM) and Google Ads to raise public awareness of breast and cervical cancer.

Experiences and learnings of pharmacists, students, and clinical assistants working collaboratively in a COVID-19 vaccination clinic: a qualitative study

Background

The involvement of pharmacists and pharmacy clinical assistants (CAs) in hospital clinics has demonstrated benefits for improving medication safety and care delivery. Internationally, pharmacy staff played a crucial role in the safe storage, provision and administration of vaccines, as well as reinforcement of pharmacovigilance efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Australia, healthcare providers collaborated to rapidly facilitate a phased COVID-19 vaccination program. The perspectives of the pharmacy team, including pharmacy students, involved in implementing novel health services are underexplored in the literature.

Objective

To describe the key learnings in how a team of pharmacists, CAs and pharmacy students contributed to the COVID-19 vaccine service, and to explore their preparedness and experiences working at a vaccination clinic within a quaternary hospital.

Method

This study involved semi-structured interviews with pharmacy students, CAs and pharmacists. All pharmacy staff who worked in the clinic were invited to participate in the study and a snowball strategy was used to maximise recruitment. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using inductive thematic techniques to identify major themes.

Results

A total of 11 participants were interviewed including: four pharmacists, four CAs and three undergraduate students. Using thematic analysis, five main themes were identified: (1) Potential for student value and experiential learning; (2) Adaptive procedures and work practices in a rapidly changing environment; (3) Clear leadership, with role clarity, role expansion and interchangeability; (4) Supportive learning environment and (5) Stakeholder drivers for service delivery and to optimise societal benefit. These five themes often interacted with each other, highlighting the complexities of implementing and operating the service.

Conclusions

The vaccine clinic service provided a novel and valuable opportunity for students, CAs, and pharmacists to work collaboratively, extending their scope of practice to contribute to better national health outcomes. Participants expressed their support for future initiatives involving pharmacy students and healthcare staff collaborating in hospital settings.

Screening for cervical cancer among women in five countries in sub-saharan Africa: analysis of the role played by distance to health facility and socio-demographic factors

BACKGROUND

Cervical cancer significantly affects women in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, limited studies have concentrated on cervical screening behaviour among women in SSA. This study aimed to assess the interplay of distance to health facilities and socio-demographic factors with cervical screening behaviour among women in five SSA countries.

METHODS

The study was based on pooled data of 40,555 women included in Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between 2013 to 2021. Proportions and logistic regression models were used in assessing the interplay of distance to health facilities and socio-demographic factors with cervical screening behaviour.

RESULTS

Approximately, 7.9% of women that saw the distance to a health facility as a big problem, tested for cervical cancer compared to 13.5% who indicated that distance to a health facility is not a big problem. More women in urban areas, with a higher level of education, of richest wealth index, aged 40-44 years and using contraceptives who also indicated that distance to a health facility was a big problem tested for cervical cancer compared to those in rural areas with no education, of poorest wealth index, aged 15-19 years and not using contraceptives. Education, age, contraceptive use, frequent exposure to mass media and Sexual Transmitted Infections (STI) had a significant relationship with testing for cervical cancer.

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of cervical cancer screening was low in the five SSA countries largely due to distance barriers and was also significantly influenced by education, age, contraceptive use, frequent exposure to mass media, and STI status. To improve the screening for cervical cancer and its associated benefits in the five SSA countries, there is a need for policymakers, clinicians and public health workers to channel more commitment and efforts to addressing the barriers identified in this study.

Cancer signs and risk factors awareness in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a population-based survey

BACKGROUND

There is a paucity of data on public awareness of cancer in Ethiopia. This study assessed cancer signs, symptoms, and risk factors awareness among individuals aged 18 and older in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

METHOD

A population-based face-to-face interview was conducted applying a validated cancer awareness measure (CAM) tool. A total of 600 adults (315 males and 285 females) were recruited using a multistage sampling technique. One open-ended and ten closed-ended questions were used to assess awareness of cancer signs and symptoms. To assess awareness of cancer risk factors, one open-ended and twelve closed-ended questions were used. Logistic regression analysis was used to test the association between sociodemographic status and awareness of cancer signs, symptoms, and risk factors.

RESULTS

Based on the responses for the open-ended questions, unexplained bleeding (23.16%) and smoking (24.17%) were the most frequently recalled cancer sign and risk factor, respectively. Based on the responses for the closed questions, the majority of respondents identified tiredness all the time (80.7%) as a cancer symptom and alcohol use (82.5%) as a cancer risk factor.  The odds of cancer signs and symptoms awareness was higher in those with primary (AOR = 4.50, 95% CI, 1.72-11.79, p = 0.02), secondary (AOR = 4.62; 95% CI 1.86-11.43; p = 0.001), and tertiary (AOR = 7.51; 95% CI 3.04-18.56; p < 0.001) education than those who were illiterate. The odds of awareness about cancer signs and risk factors was 0.28 (95% CI 0.12-0.65; p = 0.003) and 0.22 (95% CI 0.83-0.58; p = 0.002) times lower, respectively, among individuals aged 60 and older than those aged 18 to 29.

CONCLUSIONS

Young adults who attended formal education of primary or higher level may have a better cancer signs and symptoms awareness. Future education interventions to increase awareness of the society in Addis Ababa may target illiterate and the elderly.

Effects of electronic personal health information technology on American women's cancer screening behaviors mediated through cancer worry: Differences and similarities between 2017 and 2020

Backgrounds

Thanks to their accessibility and low cost, electronic personal health information (ePHI) technologies have been widely used to facilitate patient-physician communication and promote health prevention behaviors (e.g. cancer screening). Despite that empirical evidence has supported the association between ePHI technology use and cancer screening behaviors, the underlying mechanism through which ePHI technology use influences cancer screening behaviors remains a topic of discussion.

Objective

This study investigates the relationship between ePHI technology uses and cancer screening behaviors of American women and examines the mediating role of cancer worry.

Methods

Data for this study were from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) collected in 2017 (HINTS 5 Cycle 1) and 2020 (HINTS 5 Cycle 4). The final sample included 1914 female respondents in HINTS 5 Cycle 1 and 2204 in HINTS 5 Cycle 4. Mann-Whitney U test, two-sample t-test, and mediation analysis were performed. We also referred to the regression coefficients generated by min-max normalization as percentage coefficients (bp) for the comparison.

Results

This study reports increased usage of ePHI technologies (from 1.41 in 2017 to 2.19 to 2020), increased cancer worry (from 2.60 in 2017 to 2.84 in 2020), and a stable level of cancer screening behaviors (from 1.44 in 2017 to 1.34 in 2020) among American women. Cancer worry was found to mediate the ePHI effect on cancer screening behaviors (bp = 0.005, 95% confidence interval [0.001, 0.010]) in a positive complementary mediation in 2020.

Conclusions

The research findings support a positive association between ePHI technology use and cancer screening behaviors, and cancer worry has been identified as a salient mediator. An understanding of the mechanism that prompts US women's cancer screening practices provides practical implications for health campaign practitioners.

Orthopaedic surgery and its allied associations on social media: an observational study

BACKGROUND

The use of social media in orthopaedic surgery and its allied associations has not been studied. There are various associations which are actively engaged in social media platforms to enhance their impact with their users across the globe. We evaluated the social media presence and extent of involvement of orthopaedics journals and their publishing companies, orthopaedics organizations, orthopaedics device firms, and health organizations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We compiled a global list of orthopaedics journals and publishing companies, orthopaedics organizations, orthopaedics device firms and health organizations affiliated to orthopaedics (USA) through the internet and their reliable online links. All the categories and their contents were screened on various social media networking sites (Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn) in terms of their membership, likes, followers and active participation. Comparable variables were selected and compared.

RESULTS

Orthopaedics journals corresponding to sports and health were more notable than others on social networking platforms, i.e., British Journal of Sports Medicine and American Journal of Sports Medicine. Medscape, Lancet, and Elsevier being the multispeciality health and information publishing companies have remarkable participation on Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn. Medtronic has maximum followers on all discussed social networking sites. Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio were more admired than other orthopaedics hospitals on Facebook and Twitter in USA. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons was the most popular society on Facebook and LinkedIn while American Orthopaedics Society for Sports Medicine was most talked about on twitter.

CONCLUSIONS

Although the active involvement of orthopaedics journals and their publishers is lower than multispecialty publishing companies but increasing trends were found recently. Orthopaedics organisations and device firms were actively involved on social networking while orthopaedics multispeciality health organizations associated with renowned universities have huge likes or followers. The social networking has the potential to flourish these journals and organisations in the near future as large populations over the globe have been actively participating and growing in their numbers exponentially.

"The potential of social media in health promotion beyond creating awareness: an integrative review"

BACKGROUND

Developing strategies to change health behaviour is one of the biggest challenges of health promotion programs. Social media, as a popular and innovative communication and education tool, offers opportunities to modify health behaviour. While literature on using social media for health promotion campaigns is growing, there is a need to evaluate the approaches used to change health behaviour, rather than only creating awareness.

OBJECTIVE

The paper reviewed the literature on application of social media in health promotion campaigns with a particular focus on the methodologies used in assessing the outcome of the programs for behaviour change. This fills the void in collating evidence to extend health promotion campaigns to effect sustainable behavioural change.

METHOD

Peer-reviewed articles were identified through multiple science databases. A systematic electronic search was conducted to retrieve review and original papers published between January 2010 and April 2022. The titles and abstracts of the articles were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. All authors independently read the full texts and discussed them to reach a consensus about the themes. Concept mapping was used to present results from analysis of the included papers.

RESULTS

Of the 674 citations, 28 (4.1%) studies were included in this review. The methodology approaches of 18 (2.7%) papers, that aimed to evaluate the impact of social media in health promotion campaigns towards behaviour change, were analysed further using concept mapping. The results showed that 10 studies (55.5%) adopted quantitative methods and five studies (27.7%) used mixed methods and three studies (16.6%) used qualitative methods. Facebook and YouTube were used more for intervention purposes to change health behaviour. Twitter and Instagram were used more to observe the trend of changes in health behaviour. Six studies (33.3%) adopted Social Cognitive Theory and one study (5.5%) applied the Transtheoretical Model as the framework to evaluate the outcome. Overall, the results show that though social media has potential in promoting behaviour change, the estimation of this change in long-term lies outside the scope of social media health campaigns. This is also reflected in the methodologies used in existing studies to assess such sustainable changes. The employed measures usually target immediate behaviour or social media engagement rather than addressing the change on a behavioural level.

CONCLUSION

Evaluating the performance of social media campaigns to promote health behaviours towards a sustainable outcome is a complex process. Emerging research is focused on evaluating the potential of social media as an opportunity to create awareness. Such measures require less effort in quantifying and isolating the effect. The design of the campaigns is required to be aligned in relation to stages of the behaviour change. The study provides suggestions on how this can be achieved.