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Goldstein SJ, Scaglione NM, Kan ML, Grimes KEL, Lane ME, Morgan JK, Martin SL. Accuracy, Acceptability, and Burden of an Integrated Screening Approach to Facilitate the Delivery of Tailored Sexual Assault Prevention in the U.S. Air Force. JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38874411 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2024.2364792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This paper examines accuracy, acceptability, and respondent burden of integrated screening to facilitate tailored sexual assault (SA) prevention program delivery in a basic military training (BMT) environment. Trainees (n = 5,951) received tailored prevention content based on self-reported sex, sexual orientation, prior SA victimization and perpetration, and past-month post-traumatic stress symptoms. Bivariate analyses examined trainee-reported screener accuracy, acceptability, and burden, including differences by tailoring-targeted subgroups (e.g. men/women). Overall accuracy and acceptability were high (>90%) despite significant subgroup variability. Screening time averaged 10.55 (SD = 1.95) minutes; individuals with prior SA took longer. Missingness increased linearly throughout the screener. Integrated screening is an accurate, acceptable way to deploy tailored SA prevention in BMT. Findings inform data-driven screening improvements and novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marni L Kan
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sandra L Martin
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Daigle LE, Felix SN, Muñoz RB, Hancock KP, Oesterle DW, Gilmore AK. Examining the Risks of Multiple Types of Interpersonal Victimization for Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming College Students. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241254139. [PMID: 38804546 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241254139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has shown that transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) individuals are at risk of experiencing interpersonal violence, yet there may be differences within this group and across victimization types. The current study examined rates of seven types of interpersonal victimization based on six gender identities (cisgender women, cisgender men, trans women, trans men, nonbinary, and another identity) among a national study of college students. Data from the Spring 2021 American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment III (ACHA-NCHA III), a national-level study of U.S. college students, were used. We examined the association between gender identity and seven types of interpersonal violence victimization (violent victimization, sexual victimization, intimate partner violence victimization, stalking, bullying, microaggression, and discrimination) that occurred within the past 12 months. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine if, when controlling for competing factors, gender identity was associated with an increase in the expected odds of victimization for each victimization type. Analyses revealed that TGNC college students reported experiencing a greater amount of all seven types of victimization compared to cisgender college students. These findings corroborate previous research indicating that rates of interpersonal violence are higher among TGNC college students compared to those who identify as cisgender, even after controlling for sexual orientation, related demographic factors, and substance use. Findings from the current study suggest that there are differences within individuals who identify as TGNC in terms of their risk for interpersonal victimization and that rates differ across victimization types. More work is needed to provide tailored prevention programming for TGNC college students.
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Barnett NP, Haikalis M, Meisel MK, Merrill JE, Jones RN, Rosen RK, Carey KB, Orchowski LM, Bradley K. Measuring Exposure to the Hazardous Drinking of Others and Perceived Opportunity to Intervene as a Bystander. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2024; 85:395-403. [PMID: 38147112 PMCID: PMC11095495 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.23-00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive alcohol use is very prevalent among young adults, and consequences of drinking are often observed by witnesses. Understanding the circumstances under which witnesses of risky alcohol use help others and whether they perceive these circumstances as an opportunity to engage in bystander intervention are important, but valid measures of these constructs are needed. The current study is a psychometric evaluation of the Exposure to Hazardous Drinking in Others (EHDO) scale and a single-item indicator of Perceived Alcohol-Related Bystander Opportunity (PARBO). METHOD Young adults (N = 1,011; 46.0% women) who reported being around someone who showed signs of alcohol intoxication in the past 3 months were recruited via Qualtrics Panels. The initial item set for the EHDO was developed through qualitative methods and reflected observed or reported risks or consequences. Factor analyses and Item Response Theory analyses were used to reduce and categorize EHDO items, and construct validity was assessed for the EHDO and the PARBO item. RESULTS An initial set of 33 EHDO items was reduced to 21, representing two factors: Situational Risk Signs and Problematic Pattern. Both factors demonstrated good model fit, internal consistency, and evidence of convergent validity. The PARBO item showed good construct validity but was distinct from the EHDO. CONCLUSIONS These instruments are useful for measuring secondhand alcohol risks in a community and are particularly applicable for evaluating bystander intervention for alcohol risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy P. Barnett
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Michelle Haikalis
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Matthew K. Meisel
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jennifer E. Merrill
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Richard N. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Rochelle K. Rosen
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kate B. Carey
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Lindsay M. Orchowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Kelli Bradley
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island
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Hillert J, Haubrock LS, Dekker A, Briken P. Web-Based Initiatives to Prevent Sexual Offense Perpetration: A Systematic Review. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2024; 26:121-133. [PMID: 38509408 PMCID: PMC10978615 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-024-01489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Web-based programs to prevent sexual offense perpetration could provide an opportunity that avoids many of the barriers associated with in-person treatment. The aim of this systematic review is to give an overview of the literature on web-based initiatives aimed at sexual offense perpetration prevention published during the last 10 years (2013-2023) and to report data on the efficacy as well as issues of the discussed initiatives. RECENT FINDINGS We included 18 empirical studies discussing web-based perpetration prevention initiatives, of which six are randomized controlled trials. Among the articles, four cover programs focusing on prevention of sexual reoffending and 14 discuss programs aimed at preventing initial sexual offenses. Evaluations and observations of web-based initiatives aimed at preventing sexual offense perpetration show overall promising results and are well-appreciated. However, evaluation studies are scarce and more randomized controlled trials replicating this effect are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Hillert
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine & Forensic Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lina Sophie Haubrock
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine & Forensic Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Dekker
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine & Forensic Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peer Briken
- Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine & Forensic Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20251, Hamburg, Germany.
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Wekerle C, Gilmore AK, Self-Brown S. Editorial: Technology innovations for violence prevention, mental wellness and resilience among youth. Front Digit Health 2024; 6:1365726. [PMID: 38440197 PMCID: PMC10910084 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2024.1365726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wekerle
- Department of Pediatrics, Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neuroscience, Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Optentia Research Unit, South-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Amanda K. Gilmore
- Mark Chaffin Center for Healthy Development, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shannon Self-Brown
- Mark Chaffin Center for Healthy Development, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Blackburn AM, Katz BW, Oesterle DW, Orchowski LM. Preventing sexual violence in sexual orientation and gender diverse communities: A call to action. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2297544. [PMID: 38197295 PMCID: PMC10783832 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2297544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other sexual orientation and gender diverse (SOGD) communities are at disproportionately higher risk for sexual violence compared to cisgender heterosexual people. Despite this elevated risk, relatively few sexual violence prevention efforts effectively reduce these victimization disparities based on sexual orientation or gender identity.Objective: This narrative review provides an overview of the prevalence of sexual violence in the SOGD communities, delineates risk factors for sexual victimization among SOGD community members, and reviews and evaluates existing prevention efforts for the SOGD communities. We outline specific recommendations for ensuring that prevention efforts meet the needs of the SOGD communities.Method: Drawing on ecological systems theory and public health approaches to sexual violence prevention, we outline current approaches and opportunities for preventionists and scholars to push the field forward.Results: There have been promising prevention programmes designed to be implemented within SOGD communities specifically; however, it is important that general primary prevention programmes endeavour to specifically address sexual violence perpetrated against SOGD people. While many packaged programmes that endeavour to prevent sexual violence across all gender identities and sexual orientations are inclusive of SOGD participants, more programming is needed that integrates anti-oppression training to target social norms that perpetuate SOGD-specific rape myths and normalize sexual violence against SOGD community members.Conclusion: Ecological prevention strategies in line with a public health approach for primary prevention may be particularly valuable for reducing victimization disparities based on SOGD status and identity. Comprehensive sexual education and anti-discrimination policies should be considered front-line prevention programming. To assess if these strategies are effective, the implementation of large-scale surveillance surveys that use comprehensive assessments of sexual orientation, gender identity, and sexual violence are needed. Using theoretically grounded implementation strategies for prevention programmes can ensure effective programme delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson M. Blackburn
- Department of Psychology, Division of Clinical-Community Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin W. Katz
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Daniel W. Oesterle
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Health & Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Lindsay M. Orchowski
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Schipani-McLaughlin AM, Gilmore AK, Salazar LF, Potter SJ, Stapleton JG, Orchowski LM. Advancing a Comprehensive Multilevel Approach to Sexual Violence Prevention Using Existing Efficacious Programs. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING 2024; 20:20-29. [PMID: 38015061 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sexual violence (SV) is a serious and long-standing public health problem on college campuses. At institutions of higher education, campus administrators, activists, and practitioners have worked for decades to address campus SV. Despite federally mandated campus SV prevention programming, rates of campus SV remain unchanged. The purpose of this commentary is to outline a strategy for enhancing campus SV prevention efforts using a comprehensive multilevel approach utilizing existing efficacious programs. The following three strategies for implementing optimal campus SV prevention are proposed, which include (a) the need to prioritize efficacy, (b) targeting multiple levels of the social ecology, and (c) leveraging the benefits of in-person programming and technology-driven prevention. A call to action is included for both institutions of higher education administrators and practitioners to implement and invest in comprehensive multilevel interventions using existing, efficacious SV programs, ideally combining a technology-based program with an in-person component. Furthermore, a coordinated effort between prevention and response is needed to achieve successful prevention of campus SV and revictimization, including a connection with the community for postassault interventions. Thus, implementing multilevel interventions on college campuses using existing evidence-based programs in combination with a coordinated community response of postassault interventions can bring the campus community together and is optimal to moving the needle on rates of campus SV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jane G Stapleton
- Prevention Innovations Research Center, University of New Hampshire
| | - Lindsay M Orchowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University
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Teen Well Check: an e-health prevention program for substance use, sexual assault, and sexual risk behaviors for adolescents in primary care. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2157933. [PMID: 37052109 PMCID: PMC9848361 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2157933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Adolescents are at risk for substance use, sexual assault, and sexual risk behaviours; however, to date no integrated prevention programmes address all three risk behaviours. The goal of this study was to evaluate the usability and acceptability of Teen Well Check, an e-health prevention programme targeting substance use, sexual assault, and sexual risk among adolescents in primary care settings.Methods: The current study included content analysis of interviews with adolescents in primary care (aged 14-18; n = 25) in the intervention development process, followed by usability and acceptability testing with qualitative interviews among adolescents in primary care (aged 14-18; n = 10) and pediatric primary care providers (n = 11) in the intervention refinement process. All data were collected in the Southeastern U.S.Results: Feedback on Teen Well Check addressed content, engagement and interaction, language and tone, aesthetics, logistics, inclusivity, parent/guardian-related topics, and the application of personal stories. Overall, providers reported they would be likely to use this intervention (5.1 out of 7.0) and recommend it to adolescents (5.4 out of 7.0).Conclusions: These findings suggest preliminary usability and acceptability of Teen Well Check. A randomized clinical trial is needed to assess efficacy.
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Orchowski LM, Merrill JE, Oesterle DW, Barnett NP, Borsari B, Zlotnick C, Haikalis MP, Bekowitz AD. Integrated Alcohol Use and Sexual Assault Prevention Program for College Men Who Engage in Heavy Drinking: Randomized Pilot Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e47354. [PMID: 37995129 DOI: 10.2196/47354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual assault is prevalent on college campuses and most commonly is perpetrated by men. Problematically, there is a dearth of evidence-based prevention programs targeting men as perpetrators of sexual aggression. The Sexual Assault and Alcohol Feedback and Education (SAFE) program is an integrated alcohol and sexual assault prevention intervention for college men who engage in heavy drinking that aims to address sexual aggression proclivity and alcohol use outcomes by incorporating social norms theory, bystander intervention, and motivational interviewing. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the initial feasibility-, acceptability-, and efficacy-related outcomes of a randomized pilot trial of an integrated alcohol and sexual assault prevention program for college men who engage in heavy drinking. METHODS This study included 115 college men who engaged in heavy drinking, who were randomly assigned to the SAFE program or a mindfulness-based control condition (MBCC). The feasibility of implementation, adequacy of participant retention, fidelity and competency of program administration, and satisfaction and utility of the intervention were evaluated. The primary outcomes of alcohol use and sexual aggression were evaluated at 2 and 6 months after baseline. The secondary outcomes of perceived peer norms, risks for sexual aggression, and bystander intervention were also assessed. The extent to which the motivational interviewing session with personalized normative feedback facilitated changes in the proximal outcomes of drinking intentions, motivation to change, and self-efficacy was also examined. RESULTS The study procedures resulted in high program completion and retention (>80%), high fidelity to the program manual (>80% of the content included), high competency in program administration, and high ratings of satisfaction and program utility in addressing sexual relationships and alcohol use. Both groups reported declines in the number of drinks per week and number of heavy drinking days. Compared with the MBCC participants, the SAFE participants reported higher motivation to change alcohol use after the program, as well as greater use of alcohol protective behavioral strategies at 6 months. Compared with the MBCC participants, the SAFE participants also reported lower perceived peer engagement in sexual coercion, perceived peer comfort with sexism, and peer drinking norms at 2 and 6 months. However, no group differences were observed in sexual aggression severity, rape myth acceptance, or the labeling of sexual consent. Results regarding bystander intervention intentions were mixed, with the MBCC group showing decreased intentions at 2 months and the SAFE group reporting increased intentions at both 2 and 6 months. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide promising evidence for the feasibility, acceptability, utility, and preliminary efficacy of the SAFE program in reducing alcohol use and positively influencing perceived peer norms and intentions for bystander intervention among college men who drink. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05773027; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05773027.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Orchowski
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Brown University/Lifespan Center for Digital Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jennifer E Merrill
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Daniel W Oesterle
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Nancy P Barnett
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Brian Borsari
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health System, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Caron Zlotnick
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Michelle P Haikalis
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Alan D Bekowitz
- Indepedent Researcher and Practitioner, Mount Shasta, CA, United States
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Bhuptani PH, Orchowski LM, Forkus SR, Newberger NG, Weiss NH. The impact of exposure to physical and sexual violence on opioid consequences among trauma-exposed individuals recruited from the community who use opioids. Harm Reduct J 2023; 20:167. [PMID: 37950215 PMCID: PMC10638719 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-023-00901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal violence and opioid use disorder are significant and intersecting public health concerns in the USA. The current study evaluated the consequences associated with opioid use (e.g., physical, social, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and impulse control) as a function of a history of exposure to interpersonal trauma, specifically physical and sexual violence. Participants were 84 trauma-exposed individuals recruited from the community who use opioids (M age = 43.5 50% men; 55% white). Whereas no significant differences emerged in the consequences of opioid use based on a history of physical violence, individuals with a history of sexual violence demonstrated higher levels of impulsive consequences of opioid use compared to individuals without a history of sexual violence. These data highlight the importance of considering the role of exposure to sexual violence in the context of opioid use disorder treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi H Bhuptani
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lindsay M Orchowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Shannon R Forkus
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, 142 Flagg Rd., Kingston, RI, USA
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Noam G Newberger
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, 142 Flagg Rd., Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Nicole H Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, 142 Flagg Rd., Kingston, RI, USA.
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Bhuptani PH, Orchowski LM, Forkus SR, Newberger NG, Weiss NH. The Impact of Physical and Sexual Violence on Opioid Consequences among Trauma- exposed Individuals Recruited from the Community who Use Opioids. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2669901. [PMID: 36993534 PMCID: PMC10055686 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2669901/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Interpersonal violence and opioid use disorder are significant and intersecting public health concerns in the United States. The current study evaluated the consequences associated with opioid use as a function of history of interpersonal trauma, specifically physical and sexual violence. Participants were 84 trauma-exposed individuals recruited from the community who use opioids (M age = 43.5 50% men; 55% white). Whereas no significant differences emerged in the consequences of opioid use based on a history of physical violence, individuals with a history of sexual violence demonstrated higher levels of impulsive consequences of opioid use compared to individuals without a history of sexual violence. These data highlight the importance of considering the role of sexual violence in the context of opioid use disorder treatment.
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Leone RM, Marcantonio T, Haikalis M, Schipani-McLaughlin AM. Barriers to addressing alcohol use in college sexual assault prevention: Where we stand and future steps. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022; 9:420-431. [PMID: 36643958 PMCID: PMC9836028 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The aims of this paper are two-fold. First, we review the current evidence on sexual assault prevention programming that also targets alcohol. Second, we identify barriers to including alcohol use in sexual assault programs and provide recommendations to overcome these barriers. Recent Findings We identified six sexual assault programs that also include alcohol use content, four of which have yet to be rigorously evaluated. To further refine sexual assault prevention efforts, we identified four barriers that need to be overcome including: (1) alcohol and sexual assault prevent efforts are currently siloed, (2) fear of victim blaming when integrating alcohol into programs for women, (3) a lack of evidence on how alcohol impacts bystanders, and (4) uncertainty about how to include content related to alcohol and sexual consent communicated. Summary Researchers and preventionists with expertise in alcohol and/or sexual assault prevention need to work together with stakeholders and students on college campuses to overcome these barriers and address a key correlate of sexual assault.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruschelle M. Leone
- Department of Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University
| | - Tiffany Marcantonio
- Department of Health Science, College of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Alabama
- Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University
| | - Michelle Haikalis
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health
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