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Chodankar D, Raval TK, Jeyaraj J. The role of remote data capture, wearables, and digital biomarkers in decentralized clinical trials. Perspect Clin Res 2024; 15:38-41. [PMID: 38282631 PMCID: PMC10810055 DOI: 10.4103/picr.picr_219_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Decentralized clinical trials (DCTs) are gaining momentum in clinical research as these studies can be executed remotely through telemedicine and mobile/local health-care providers. The COVID-19 pandemic has further accelerated advances and adoption in this area. In the past few years, there has been significant development and growth in the use of remote data that are electronically transmitted from a clinical trial (CT) participant, from outside the clinical setting, to a data repository. Such data may include laboratory data, safety data, or outcome measures reported by the participant, the clinician or the observer. Similarly, wearable health monitoring devices are being increasingly used in health-care and CT settings. Digital biomarkers, which can support continuous measurement of physiologic parameters outside the physical confines of the clinical environment, are also creating new and improved opportunities for patient care and biomedical research, enabling remote monitoring and DCTs. There are several benefits to using remote data capture, wearables, and digital biomarkers in clinical health-care research; however, several questions and challenges still need to be addressed. In an effort to understand the adoption of these technologies in DCTs, and the challenges therein, the authors of this workstream conducted an online survey of clinical research stakeholders across India and reviewed 80 responses. The review article summarizes the key findings from this online survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Chodankar
- Heading GENESIS Unit, Clinical Study Unit, Sanofi, Mumbai, India
| | - Tapan K. Raval
- Director, Medical Device Sciences, Strategic Solutions, Connected Devices, DSSM, IQVIA, Mumbai, India
| | - Jeyaseelan Jeyaraj
- Senior Director, Solutions Consulting, Asia Pacific, Life Sciences Global Business Unit, Oracle India Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, India
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Menon U, Gentry-Maharaj A, Burnell M, Apostolidou S, Ryan A, Kalsi JK, Singh N, Fallowfield L, McGuire AJ, Campbell S, Skates SJ, Dawnay A, Parmar M, Jacobs IJ. Insights from UKCTOCS for design, conduct and analyses of large randomised controlled trials. Health Technol Assess 2023:1-38. [PMID: 37843101 PMCID: PMC10591208 DOI: 10.3310/cldc7214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Randomised controlled trials are challenging to deliver. There is a constant need to review and refine recruitment and implementation strategies if they are to be completed on time and within budget. We present the strategies adopted in the United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening, one of the largest individually randomised controlled trials in the world. The trial recruited over 202,000 women (2001-5) and delivered over 670,000 annual screens (2001-11) and over 3 million women-years of follow-up (2001-20). Key to the successful completion were the involvement of senior investigators in the day-to-day running of the trial, proactive trial management and willingness to innovate and use technology. Our underlying ethos was that trial participants should always be at the centre of all our processes. We ensured that they were able to contact either the site or the coordinating centre teams for clarifications about their results, for follow-up and for rescheduling of appointments. To facilitate this, we shared personal identifiers (with consent) with both teams and had dedicated reception staff at both site and coordinating centre. Key aspects were a comprehensive online trial management system which included an electronic data capture system (resulting in an almost paperless trial), biobanking, monitoring and project management modules. The automation of algorithms (to ascertain eligibility and classify results and ensuing actions) and processes (scheduling of appointments, printing of letters, etc.) ensured the protocol was closely followed and timelines were met. Significant engagement with participants ensured retention and low rates of complaints. Our solutions to the design, conduct and analyses issues we faced are highly relevant, given the renewed focus on trials for early detection of cancer. Future work There is a pressing need to increase the evidence base to support decision making about all aspects of trial methodology. Trial registration ISRCTN-22488978; ClinicalTrials.gov-NCT00058032. Funding This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme as award number 16/46/01. The long-term follow-up UKCTOCS (2015 20) was supported by National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR HTA grant 16/46/01), Cancer Research UK, and The Eve Appeal. UKCTOCS (2001-14) was funded by the MRC (G9901012 and G0801228), Cancer Research UK (C1479/A2884), and the UK Department of Health, with additional support from The Eve Appeal. Researchers at UCL were supported by the NIHR UCL Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre and by the MRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL core funding (MC_UU_00004/09, MC_UU_00004/08, MC_UU_00004/07). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the UK Department of Health and Social Care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Menon
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Aleksandra Gentry-Maharaj
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Burnell
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sophia Apostolidou
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andy Ryan
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jatinderpal K Kalsi
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Naveena Singh
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Lesley Fallowfield
- Sussex Health Outcomes Research and Education in Cancer (SHORE-C), Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | | | - Steven J Skates
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Anne Dawnay
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mahesh Parmar
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ian J Jacobs
- Department of Women's Cancer, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
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Hohenschurz-Schmidt DJ, Cherkin D, Rice AS, Dworkin RH, Turk DC, McDermott MP, Bair MJ, DeBar LL, Edwards RR, Farrar JT, Kerns RD, Markman JD, Rowbotham MC, Sherman KJ, Wasan AD, Cowan P, Desjardins P, Ferguson M, Freeman R, Gewandter JS, Gilron I, Grol-Prokopczyk H, Hertz SH, Iyengar S, Kamp C, Karp BI, Kleykamp BA, Loeser JD, Mackey S, Malamut R, McNicol E, Patel KV, Sandbrink F, Schmader K, Simon L, Steiner DJ, Veasley C, Vollert J. Research objectives and general considerations for pragmatic clinical trials of pain treatments: IMMPACT statement. Pain 2023; 164:1457-1472. [PMID: 36943273 PMCID: PMC10281023 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Many questions regarding the clinical management of people experiencing pain and related health policy decision-making may best be answered by pragmatic controlled trials. To generate clinically relevant and widely applicable findings, such trials aim to reproduce elements of routine clinical care or are embedded within clinical workflows. In contrast with traditional efficacy trials, pragmatic trials are intended to address a broader set of external validity questions critical for stakeholders (clinicians, healthcare leaders, policymakers, insurers, and patients) in considering the adoption and use of evidence-based treatments in daily clinical care. This article summarizes methodological considerations for pragmatic trials, mainly concerning methods of fundamental importance to the internal validity of trials. The relationship between these methods and common pragmatic trials methods and goals is considered, recognizing that the resulting trial designs are highly dependent on the specific research question under investigation. The basis of this statement was an Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (IMMPACT) systematic review of methods and a consensus meeting. The meeting was organized by the Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Addiction Clinical Trial Translations, Innovations, Opportunities, and Networks (ACTTION) public-private partnership. The consensus process was informed by expert presentations, panel and consensus discussions, and a preparatory systematic review. In the context of pragmatic trials of pain treatments, we present fundamental considerations for the planning phase of pragmatic trials, including the specification of trial objectives, the selection of adequate designs, and methods to enhance internal validity while maintaining the ability to answer pragmatic research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Hohenschurz-Schmidt
- Pain Research, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Cherkin
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington and Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Andrew S.C. Rice
- Pain Research, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert H. Dworkin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Dennis C. Turk
- Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Michael P. McDermott
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Matthew J. Bair
- VA Center for Health Information and Communication, Regenstrief Institute, and Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Lynn L. DeBar
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - John T. Farrar
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Robert D. Kerns
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - John D. Markman
- Neuromedicine Pain Management and Translational Pain Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Michael C. Rowbotham
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Karen J. Sherman
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle WA, United States
| | - Ajay D. Wasan
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Penney Cowan
- American Chronic Pain Association, Rocklin, CA, United States
| | - Paul Desjardins
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - McKenzie Ferguson
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States
| | - Roy Freeman
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Gewandter
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Ian Gilron
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, and School of Policy Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Hanna Grol-Prokopczyk
- Department of Sociology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo NY, United States
| | - Sharon H. Hertz
- Hertz and Fields Consulting, Inc, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | - Cornelia Kamp
- Center for Health and Technology (CHeT), Clinical Materials Services Unit (CMSU), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | | | - Bethea A. Kleykamp
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - John D. Loeser
- Departments of Neurological Surgery and Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sean Mackey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Neurosciences and Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | | | - Ewan McNicol
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kushang V. Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Friedhelm Sandbrink
- Department of Neurology, Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kenneth Schmader
- Department of Medicine-Geriatrics, Center for the Study of Aging, Duke University Medical Center, and Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lee Simon
- SDG, LLC, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Christin Veasley
- Chronic Pain Research Alliance, North Kingstown, RI, United States
| | - Jan Vollert
- Pain Research, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Neurological Pain Research and Therapy, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- Neurophysiology, Mannheim Center of Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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A Town-Level Comprehensive Intervention Study to Reduce Salt Intake in China: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214698. [PMID: 36364960 PMCID: PMC9654622 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined whether a town-level comprehensive intervention program could lower the salt intake of a population. The parallel, cluster randomized controlled trial was carried out between October 2018 and January 2020 in 48 towns from 12 counties across 6 provinces in China. All participants were asked to complete the 24 h urine collections, anthropometric measurements and questionnaires at the baseline and one-year post-intervention survey. A total of 2693 participants aged 18 to 75 years were recruited at the baseline. A total of 1347 individuals in 24 towns were allocated to the intervention group and the others were allocated to the control group. Valid information from 2335 respondents was collected in the follow-up survey. The 24-h urinary sodium excretion was 189.7 mmol/24 h for the intervention group and 196.1 mmol/24 h for the control group at baseline. At a one-year follow-up, the mean effect of salt intake did not show a significant change (p = 0.31) in the intervention group compared to the control group. However, the mean result of potassium excretion in the intervention group increased by 2.18 mmol/24 h (85.03 mg/24 h) (p = 0.004) and systolic blood pressure decreased by 2.95 mmHg (p < 0.001). The salt-related knowledge and attitude toward salt reduction improved significantly in the intervention group (p < 0.05). A longer period of intervention and follow-up assessment might be needed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of the program on salt reduction.
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Harris PA, Swafford J, Serdoz ES, Eidenmuller J, Delacqua G, Jagtap V, Taylor RJ, Gelbard A, Cheng AC, Duda SN. MyCap: a flexible and configurable platform for mobilizing the participant voice. JAMIA Open 2022; 5:ooac047. [PMID: 35673353 PMCID: PMC9165428 DOI: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper provides a description of the MyCap data collection platform, utilization metrics, and vignettes associated with use from diverse research institutions. MyCap is a participant-facing mobile application for survey data collection and the automated administration of active tasks (activities performed by participants using mobile device sensors under semi-controlled conditions). Launched in 2018, MyCap is a no-code solution for research teams conducting longitudinal studies, integrates tightly with REDCap and is available at no cost to research teams at academic, nonprofit, or government organizations. MyCap has been deployed at multiple research institutions with application usage logged across 135 countries in 2021. Vignettes demonstrate that MyCap empowered research teams to explore and implement novel methods of information collection and use. MyCap’s integration with REDCap provides a comprehensive data collection ecosystem and is best suited for longitudinal studies with frequent requests for information from participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Harris
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jonathan Swafford
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Emily S Serdoz
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jessica Eidenmuller
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Giovanni Delacqua
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Vaishali Jagtap
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert J Taylor
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alexander Gelbard
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alex C Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephany N Duda
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Ferreira-Junior V, Coutinho-Lourenco F, Menezes AAS, Gusmoes JD, Cogo-Moreira H, Sanchez ZM. Psychometric validation of the audio-guided rBVQ instrument for bullying evaluation among students. PSICO-USF 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712022270214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (rBVQ) is an internationally used instrument to identify bullying, but due to Brazilian students’ low proficiency in reading and writing, it had to be adapted for audio-guided use through smartphones. We investigated construct validity, using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), under a two-correlated factor solution. Participated 1,742 fifth graders and 2,316 seventh graders from 30 public schools in the city of São Paulo. We found excellent fit indices models for both grades (fifth grade: CFI=0.985, RMSEA=0.020; seventh grade: CFI=0.990, RMSEA=0.015), as well as factor loading higher than 0.4 for all items, indicating their relevance to the construct. The rBVQ demonstrated excellent psychometric properties and may help future studies that aim to investigate bullying in populations with similar profiles. In addition, this study innovates by evaluating an audio-guided instrument and using mobile technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hugo Cogo-Moreira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil; Østfold University College, Norway
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He FJ, Zhang P, Luo R, Li Y, Sun Y, Chen F, Zhao Y, Zhao W, Li D, Chen H, Wu T, Yao J, Lou C, Zhou S, Dong L, Liu Y, Li X, He J, Wang C, Tan M, Song J, MacGregor GA. App based education programme to reduce salt intake (AppSalt) in schoolchildren and their families in China: parallel, cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2022; 376:e066982. [PMID: 35140061 PMCID: PMC8826455 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2021-066982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether a smartphone application based education programme can lower salt intake in schoolchildren and their families. DESIGN Parallel, cluster randomised controlled trial, with schools randomly assigned to either intervention or control group (1:1). SETTING 54 primary schools from three provinces in northern, central, and southern China, from 15 September 2018 to 27 December 2019. PARTICIPANTS 592 children (308 (52.0%) boys; mean age 8.58 (standard deviation 0.41) years) in grade 3 of primary school (about 11 children per school) and 1184 adult family members (551 (46.5%) men; mean age 45.80 (12.87) years). INTERVENTION Children in the intervention group were taught, with support of the app, about salt reduction and assigned homework to encourage their families to participate in activities to reduce salt consumption. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome was the difference in salt intake change (measured by 24 hour urinary sodium excretion) at 12 month follow-up, between the intervention and control groups. RESULTS After baseline assessment, 297 children and 594 adult family members (from 27 schools) were allocated to the intervention group, and 295 children and 590 adult family members (from 27 schools) were allocated to the control group. During the trial, 27 (4.6%) children and 112 (9.5%) adults were lost to follow-up, owing to children having moved to another school or adults unable to attend follow-up assessments. The remaining 287 children and 546 adults (from 27 schools) in the intervention group and 278 children and 526 adults (from 27 schools) in the control group completed the 12 month follow-up assessment. Mean salt intake at baseline was 5.5 g/day (standard deviation 1.9) in children and 10.0 g/day (3.5) in adults in the intervention group, and 5.6 g/day (2.1) in children and 10.0 g/day (3.6) in adults in the control group. During the study, salt intake of the children increased in both intervention and control groups but to a lesser extent in the intervention group (mean effect of intervention after adjusting for confounding factors -0.25 g/day, 95% confidence interval -0.61 to 0.12, P=0.18). In adults, salt intake decreased in both intervention and control groups but to a greater extent in the intervention group (mean effect -0.82 g/day, -1.24 to -0.40, P<0.001). The mean effect on systolic blood pressure was -0.76 mm Hg (-2.37 to 0.86, P=0.36) in children and -1.64 mm Hg (-3.01 to -0.27, P=0.02) in adults. CONCLUSIONS The app based education programme delivered through primary school, using a child-to-parent approach, was effective in lowering salt intake and systolic blood pressure in adults, but the effects were not significant in children. Although this novel approach could potentially be scaled up to larger populations, the programme needs further strengthening to reduce salt intake across the whole population, including schoolchildren. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1800017553.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng J He
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Puhong Zhang
- George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Centre, China
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rong Luo
- George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Centre, China
| | - Yuan Li
- George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Centre, China
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuewen Sun
- George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Centre, China
| | - Fengge Chen
- Shijiazhuang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Chang'an Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Shijiazhuang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Daoxi Li
- Luzhou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Luzhou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tianyong Wu
- Luzhou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jianyun Yao
- Yueyang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Yueyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Changxing Lou
- Yueyang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Yueyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Siyuan Zhou
- Yueyang Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Yueyang, Hunan Province, China
| | - Le Dong
- George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Centre, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Li
- George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Centre, China
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jing He
- George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Centre, China
| | - Changqiong Wang
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Monique Tan
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jing Song
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Graham A MacGregor
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Huo BN, Ai ML, Jia YT, Liu Y, Wang Y, Yin NG, Song L. General characteristics and reasons for the discontinuation of drug clinical trials in mainland China. BMC Med Res Methodol 2021; 21:246. [PMID: 34773983 PMCID: PMC8590359 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-021-01443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although discontinuation is common in clinical trials, no study has been conducted to analyse the current situation and reasons for the suspension or discontinuation of drug clinical trials in China. This study aims to analyse the general characteristics and reasons for the discontinuation of registered clinical trials in mainland China and to identify the associated factors. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional observational study of discontinued trials registered in the Drug Trial Registration and Information Publication Platform before March 31, 2020. All trials with a status of terminated or stopped recorded in the platform were classified as discontinued trials and included in the analysis. The basic characteristics of the discontinued trials were recorded, reasons for trial discontinuation were recorded and divided into 4 categories as drug development strategy, trial planning, trial conduct and studied drug. Pearson’s chi-square test and fisher’s exact test were used to compare the differences in reasons for discontinuation between neoplasm trials and non-neoplasm trials, and to examine the associations of trial characteristics with different reasons related to trials discontinuation. Results Three hundred twelve discontinued trials were included in this study. The studied drugs were mainly chemical drugs [229 (73.4%)], and indications of the studied drugs were mainly neoplasms [77 (24.7%)]. Geographical location of the discontinued trials were mostly in northern [114 (36.5%)] and eastern [96 (30.8%)] China. Study type of the included trials was mainly bioequivalence studies [97 (31.1%)]. The most common reason for trial discontinuation was commercial or strategic decision [84 (26.9%)], followed by futility/lack of efficacy [70 (22.4%)]. The number of trial centers, sample size and whether participants had been enrolled were significantly associated with trial discontinuation (P < 0.05). Multiple center trials showed a higher rate of trial discontinuation due to trial conduct related reasons than single center trials (P < 0.05), trials with sample size > 500 showed a higher rate of trial discontinuation due to studied drug related reasons (P < 0.05), and trials enrolled participants showed a lower rate of trial discontinuation due to commercial or strategic decision and a higher rate of trial discontinuation due to studied drug related reasons than trials without enrolled participants (P < 0.05). Besides, neoplasm trials showed a higher rate of trial discontinuation due to poor recruitment and safety comparing with non-neoplasm trials (P < 0.05). Conclusions Trial discontinuation in China mainly occurred because of commercial or strategic decision and futility/lack of efficacy of the studied drug. Clinical trials with multiple centers and a large sample size may more likely be discontinued due to trial conduct related reasons such as good clinical practice. Discontinuation due to drug safety and lack of efficacy in multiple center trials with a large sample size deserves more attention to avoid resources wastes. Full communication with regulatory authorities such as Center for Drug Evaluation and research institutes to develop a feasible protocol is important for sponsors to avoid trial discontinuation due to protocol issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Nian Huo
- Department of Pharmacy Children' s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Clinical pharmacy Key Specialty Construction Project, Chongqing, China
| | - Mao-Lin Ai
- Department of Pharmacy Children' s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Clinical pharmacy Key Specialty Construction Project, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun-Tao Jia
- Department of Pharmacy Children' s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Clinical pharmacy Key Specialty Construction Project, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy Children' s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Clinical pharmacy Key Specialty Construction Project, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan-Ge Yin
- Department of Pharmacy Children' s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Clinical pharmacy Key Specialty Construction Project, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Song
- Department of Pharmacy Children' s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Clinical pharmacy Key Specialty Construction Project, Chongqing, China.
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9
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Houston L, Yu P, Martin A, Probst Y. Clinical researchers' lived experiences with data quality monitoring in clinical trials: a qualitative study. BMC Med Res Methodol 2021; 21:187. [PMID: 34544365 PMCID: PMC8454069 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-021-01385-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fundamental to the success of clinical research that involves human participants is the quality of the data that is generated. To ensure data quality, clinical trials must comply with the Good Clinical Practice guideline which recommends data monitoring. To date, the guideline is broad, requires technology for enforcement, follows strict industry standards, mostly designed for drug-registration trials and based on informal consensus. It is also unknown what challenges clinical trials and researchers face in implementing data monitoring procedures. Thus, this study aimed to describe researcher experiences with data quality monitoring in clinical trials. METHODS We conducted semi-structured telephone interviews following a guided-phenomenological approach. Participants were recruited from the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry and were researchers affiliated with a listed clinical study. Each transcript was analysed with inductive thematic analysis before thematic categorisation of themes from all transcripts. Primary, secondary and subthemes were categorised according to the emerging relationships. RESULTS Data saturation were reached after interviewing seven participants. Five primary themes, two secondary themes and 21 subthemes in relation to data quality monitoring emerged from the data. The five primary themes included: education and training, ways of working, working with technology, working with data, and working within regulatory requirements. The primary theme 'education and training' influenced the other four primary themes. While 'working with technology' influenced the 'way of working'. All other themes had reciprocal relationships. There was no relationship reported between 'working within regulatory requirements' and 'working with technology'. The researchers experienced challenges in meeting regulatory requirements, using technology and fostering working relationships for data quality monitoring. CONCLUSION Clinical trials implemented a variety of data quality monitoring procedures tailored to their situation and study context. Standardised frameworks that are accessible to all types of clinical trials are needed with an emphasis on education and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Houston
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Ping Yu
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- School of Computing and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Information Science, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Allison Martin
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Yasmine Probst
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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Jia W, Zhang P, Zhu D, Duolikun N, Li H, Bao Y, Li X. Evaluation of an mHealth-enabled hierarchical diabetes management intervention in primary care in China (ROADMAP): A cluster randomized trial. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003754. [PMID: 34547030 PMCID: PMC8454951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycemic control remains suboptimal in developing countries due to critical system deficiencies. An innovative mobile health (mHealth)-enabled hierarchical diabetes management intervention was introduced and evaluated in China with the purpose of achieving better control of type 2 diabetes in primary care. METHODS AND FINDINGS A community-based cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted among registered patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care from June 2017 to July 2019. A total of 19,601 participants were recruited from 864 communities (clusters) across 25 provinces in China, and 19,546 completed baseline assessment. Moreover, 576 communities (13,037 participants) were centrally randomized to the intervention and 288 communities (6,509 participants) to usual care. The intervention was centered on a tiered care team-delivered mHealth-mediated service package, initiated by monthly blood glucose monitoring at each structured clinic visit. Capacity building and quarterly performance review strategies upheld the quality of delivered primary care. The primary outcome was control of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c; <7.0%), assessed at baseline and 12 months. The secondary outcomes include the individual/combined control rates of blood glucose, blood pressure (BP), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); changes in levels of HbA1c, BP, LDL-C, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and body weight; and episodes of hypoglycemia. Data were analyzed using intention-to-treat (ITT) generalized estimating equation (GEE) models, accounting for clustering and baseline values of the analyzed outcomes. After 1-year follow-up, 17,554 participants (89.8%) completed the end-of-study (EOS) assessment, with 45.1% of them from economically developed areas, 49.9% from urban areas, 60.5 (standard deviation [SD] 8.4) years of age, 41.2% male, 6.0 years of median diabetes duration, HbA1c level of 7.87% (SD 1.92%), and 37.3% with HbA1c <7.0% at baseline. Compared with usual care, the intervention led to an absolute improvement in the HbA1c control rate of 7.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.0% to 10.0%) and a relative improvement of 18.6% (relative risk [RR] 1.186, 95% CI 1.105 to 1.267) and an absolute improvement in the composite ABC control (HbA1c <7.0%, BP <140/80 mm Hg, and LDL-C <2.6 mmol/L) rate of 1.9% (95% CI 0.5 to 3.5) and a relative improvement of 21.8% (RR 1.218, 95% CI 1.062 to 1.395). No difference was found on hypoglycemia episode and weight gain between groups. Study limitations include noncentralized laboratory tests except for HbA1c, and caution should be exercised when extrapolating the findings to patients not registered in primary care system. CONCLUSIONS The mHealth-enabled hierarchical diabetes management intervention effectively improved diabetes control in primary care and has the potential to be transferred to other chronic conditions management in similar contexts. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) IOC-17011325.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China
- Chinese Diabetes Society, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Puhong Zhang
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Chinese Diabetes Society, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Nadila Duolikun
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital affiliated to School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Li
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Du W, Zhang J, Li Y, He FJ, Zhou X, Xu Z, Gao Y, Yin L, Chang X, Yan W, Tan M, MacGregor GA, Luo R, Zhang P, Wang H. Restaurant interventions for salt reduction in China: protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038744. [PMID: 33268406 PMCID: PMC7713225 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salt intake in China is high, and most of it comes from that added by consumers. Nevertheless, recent years have seen a rapid increase in the frequency at which people eat out. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions designed for salt reduction in restaurants through a randomised controlled trial in China. METHODS AND ANALYSIS As a randomised controlled trial with restaurants as study subjects, we recruited 192 restaurants from 12 counties of 6 provinces in China. After the baseline survey, restaurants were randomly assigned to intervention or control group. Using social cognitive theory, comprehensive intervention activities were designed to encourage salt reduction in all restaurant foods, and at the same time, to encourage consumers to choose lower salt options when eating out. The interventions will be conducted only in restaurants of the intervention group during the first year. The follow-up assessment will be conducted at the end of the trial. The primary outcome is the change in the average salt content of the five best-selling dishes of the restaurant, as measured by laboratory tests. Secondary outcomes include differences in the monthly use of salt and salty condiments between intervention and control restaurants, and the knowledge, attitude and practice on salt among restaurant consumers. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was reviewed and approved by the Review Board of the National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Queen Mary Research Ethics Committee. Results will be disseminated through presentations, publications and social media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR1800019694; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Du
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jiguo Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Feng J He
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xue Zhou
- Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China
| | - Zhihua Xu
- Qinghai Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, China
| | - Yifu Gao
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, China
| | - Monique Tan
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Graham A MacGregor
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rong Luo
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Puhong Zhang
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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12
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Ruth CJ, Huey SL, Krisher JT, Fothergill A, Gannon BM, Jones CE, Centeno-Tablante E, Hackl LS, Colt S, Finkelstein JL, Mehta S. An Electronic Data Capture Framework (ConnEDCt) for Global and Public Health Research: Design and Implementation. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e18580. [PMID: 32788154 PMCID: PMC7453324 DOI: 10.2196/18580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background When we were unable to identify an electronic data capture (EDC) package that supported our requirements for clinical research in resource-limited regions, we set out to build our own reusable EDC framework. We needed to capture data when offline, synchronize data on demand, and enforce strict eligibility requirements and complex longitudinal protocols. Based on previous experience, the geographical areas in which we conduct our research often have unreliable, slow internet access that would make web-based EDC platforms impractical. We were unwilling to fall back on paper-based data capture as we wanted other benefits of EDC. Therefore, we decided to build our own reusable software platform. In this paper, we describe our customizable EDC framework and highlight how we have used it in our ongoing surveillance programs, clinic-based cross-sectional studies, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in various settings in India and Ecuador. Objective This paper describes the creation of a mobile framework to support complex clinical research protocols in a variety of settings including clinical, surveillance, and RCTs. Methods We developed ConnEDCt, a mobile EDC framework for iOS devices and personal computers, using Claris FileMaker software for electronic data capture and data storage. Results ConnEDCt was tested in the field in our clinical, surveillance, and clinical trial research contexts in India and Ecuador and continuously refined for ease of use and optimization, including specific user roles; simultaneous synchronization across multiple locations; complex randomization schemes and informed consent processes; and collecting diverse types of data (laboratory, growth measurements, sociodemographic, health history, dietary recall and feeding practices, environmental exposures, and biological specimen collection). Conclusions ConnEDCt is customizable, with regulatory-compliant security, data synchronization, and other useful features for data collection in a variety of settings and study designs. Furthermore, ConnEDCt is user friendly and lowers the risks for errors in data entry because of real time error checking and protocol enforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha Lee Huey
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Jesse T Krisher
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Amy Fothergill
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Bryan M Gannon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.,Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Camille Elyse Jones
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | | | - Laura S Hackl
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Susannah Colt
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Julia Leigh Finkelstein
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.,Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Saurabh Mehta
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.,Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Zhang P, He FJ, Li Y, Li C, Wu J, Ma J, Zhang B, Wang H, Li Y, Han J, Luo R, He J, Li X, Liu Y, Wang C, Tan M, MacGregor GA, Li X. Reducing Salt Intake in China with "Action on Salt China" (ASC): Protocol for Campaigns and Randomized Controlled Trials. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e15933. [PMID: 32271155 PMCID: PMC7180507 DOI: 10.2196/15933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salt intake in China is over twice the maximum recommendation of the World Health Organization. Unlike most developed countries where salt intake is mainly derived from prepackaged foods, around 80% of the salt consumed in China is added during cooking. OBJECTIVE Action on Salt China (ASC), initiated in 2017, aims to develop, implement, and evaluate a comprehensive and tailored salt reduction program for national scaling-up. METHODS ASC consists of six programs working in synergy to increase salt awareness and to reduce the amount of salt used during cooking at home and in restaurants, as well as in processed foods. Since September 2018, two health campaigns on health education and processed foods have respectively started, in parallel with four open-label cluster randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in six provinces across China: (1) app-based intervention study (AIS), in which a mobile app is used to achieve and sustain salt reduction in school children and their families; (2) home cook-based intervention study (HIS), in which family cooks receive support in using less salt; (3) restaurant-based intervention study (RIS) targeting restaurant consumers, cooks, and managers; and (4) comprehensive intervention study (CIS), which is a real-world implementation and evaluation of all available interventions in the three other RCTs. To explore the barriers, facilitators, and effectiveness of delivering a comprehensive salt reduction intervention, these RCTs will last for 1 year (stage 1), followed by nationwide implementation (stage 2). In AIS, HIS, and CIS, the primary outcome of salt reduction will be evaluated by 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in 6030 participants, including 5436 adults and 594 school children around 8-9 years old. In RIS, the salt content of meals will be measured by laboratory food analysis of the 5 best-selling dishes from 192 restaurants. Secondary outcomes will include process evaluation; changes in knowledge, attitude, and practice on salt intake; and economic evaluation. RESULTS All RCTs have been approved by Queen Mary Research Ethics Committee and the Institutional Review Boards of leading institutes in China. The research started in June 2017 and is expected to be completed around March 2021. The baseline investigations of the four RCTs were completed in May 2019. CONCLUSIONS The ASC project is progressing smoothly. The intervention packages and tailored components will be promoted for salt reduction in China, and could be adopted by other countries. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. AIS: ChiCTR1800017553; https://tinyurl.com/vdr8rpr. HIS: ChiCTR1800016804; https://tinyurl.com/w8c7x3w. RIS: ChiCTR1800019694; https://tinyurl.com/uqkjgfw. CIS: ChiCTR1800018119; https://tinyurl.com/s3ajldw. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/15933.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puhong Zhang
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Feng J He
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yuan Li
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Changning Li
- Surveillance Department, Chinese Center for Health Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- The National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jixiang Ma
- Chronic Diseases and Aging Health Management Division, The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- Surveillance Department, Chinese Center for Health Education, Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Han
- Food Policy, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Luo
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing He
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Li
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Computing, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Changqiong Wang
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Monique Tan
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham A MacGregor
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xinhua Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Xu J, Tang B, Liu M, Bai Y, Yan W, Zhou X, Xu Z, He J, Jin D, Sun J, Li Y, He FJ, MacGregor GA, Wu J, Zhang P. A town level comprehensive intervention study to reduce salt intake in China: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e032976. [PMID: 31924637 PMCID: PMC6955555 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salt intake in China (≈12 g/day) is more than twice the upper limit recommended by the WHO (5 g/day). To reduce salt intake, Action on Salt China (ASC) was launched in 2017. As one of four randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in the ASC programme, a comprehensive intervention study was designed to test whether all the components of the interventions adopted by other RCTs are acceptable, scalable and effective when provided to a region in the real world. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Using a cluster RCT design, 2688 participants were selected from 48 towns (clusters) in 12 counties in 6 provinces and assigned to the intervention group or the control group. Randomisation was performed after the baseline survey was completed. Information on salt-related knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP), blood pressure and 24-hour urinary sodium were collected. The intervention includes government engagement, health education and other intervention components targeting restaurants, home cooks and primary school students and their families that have been used in other RCTs. The control group will not receive the intervention. The project will be followed up for 2 years, with the intervention being carried out for the first year only. The primary outcome is salt intake measured by 24-hour urinary sodium excretion after 1 year. The secondary outcomes are the long-lasting effectiveness on salt intake and blood pressure measured by the same method, as well as salt-related KAP and blood pressure at the 1-year and 2-year follow-ups. Process evaluation and health economics analysis will be conducted as well. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Queen Mary Research Ethics Committee. Results will be disseminated through presentations, publications and social media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR1800018119.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Xu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Biwei Tang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Min Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yamin Bai
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China
| | - Zhihua Xu
- Qinghai Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, China
| | - Jun He
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Donghui Jin
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, China
| | - Jixin Sun
- Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Peking University Health Science Centre, The George Institute for Global Health, Beijing, China
| | - Feng J He
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Graham A MacGregor
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jing Wu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Puhong Zhang
- Diabetes Program, The George Institute at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Monroe-Wise A, Kinuthia J, Fuller S, Dunbar M, Masuda D, Opiyo E, Muchai B, Chepken C, Omwenga E, Oboko R, Osoti A, Masys D, Chung MH. Improving Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Knowledge and Skills to Develop Health Research Capacity in Kenya. Online J Public Health Inform 2019; 11:e22. [PMID: 31976035 PMCID: PMC6975540 DOI: 10.5210/ojphi.v11i3.10323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Information and communication technology (ICT) tools are increasingly important for clinical care and international research. Many technologies would be particularly useful for healthcare workers in resource-limited settings; however, these individuals are the least likely to utilize ICT tools due tolack of knowledge and skills necessary to use them. Our program aimed to train researchers in low-resource settings on using ICT tools and to understand how different didactic modalities build knowledge and skills in this area. Methods We conducted a tiered, blended learning program for researchers in Kenya on three areas of ICT: geographic information systems, data management, and communication tools. Each course included three tiers: online courses, skills workshops, and mentored projects. Concurrently, a training of trainers course was taught to ensure sustainable ongoing training. A mixed qualitative and quantitative survey was conducted at the end of each training to assess knowledge and skill acquisition. Results Course elements that incorporated local examples and hands-on skill building activities were most valuable. Discussion boards were sometimes distracting, depending on multiple factors. Mentored projects were most useful when there were clear expectations, pre-existing projects, and clear timelines. Discussion Training in the use of ICT tools is highly valued among researchers in low-income settings, particularly when it includes hands-on skill-building and local examples. Our students demonstrated acquisition of new skills and felt these skills to be valuable in their workplaces. Conclusions Further training in ICT skills should be considered in other low-resource settings using our program as a foundational model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza Monroe-Wise
- *Corresponding author: Aliza Monroe-Wise, MD, MSc. University of Washington,
325 Ninth Avenue, Box 359909, Seattle, WA 98104-2499
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He FJ, Zhang P, Luo R, Li Y, Chen F, Zhao Y, Zhao W, Li D, Chen H, Wu T, Yao J, Li J, Zhou S, Liu Y, Li X, Wang C, MacGregor GA. An Application-based programme to reinforce and maintain lower salt intake (AppSalt) in schoolchildren and their families in China. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e027793. [PMID: 31272977 PMCID: PMC6615780 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Salt intake is very high in China, with ≈80% being added by the consumers. It is difficult to reduce salt in such settings. Our previous study (School-based Education programme to reduce Salt(School-EduSalt)) demonstrated that educating schoolchildren, who then instructed their families to reduce the amount of salt used at home, is effective in lowering salt intake in both children and adults. Our team also developed an app called 'KnowSalt', which could help individuals to estimate their salt intake and the major sources of salt in the diet. Building on School-EduSalt and KnowSalt, we propose to develop a new app (AppSalt) focusing on salt reduction through education, target setting, monitoring, evaluation, decision support and management to achieve a progressive lower salt intake for long term. To evaluate the effectiveness of the AppSalt programme, we will carry out a cluster randomised controlled trial. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will recruit 54 primary schools from urban and rural areas of three provinces in China. A total of 594 children aged 8-9 years and 1188 adult family members will be randomly selected for evaluation. After baseline assessment, schools will be randomly allocated to either the intervention or control group. Children in the intervention group will be taught, with support of AppSalt, about salt reduction and assigned homework to get the whole family involved in the activities to reduce salt consumption. The duration of the intervention is two school terms (ie, 1 year). The primary outcome is the difference between the intervention and control group in the change of salt intake as measured by 24-hour urinary sodium. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by Queen Mary Research Ethics Committee and Peking University Health Science Centre IRB. Results will be disseminated through presentations, publications and social media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR1800017553.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng J He
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London Scho ol of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Puhong Zhang
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rong Luo
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fengge Chen
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Changan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Daoxi Li
- Luzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Luzhou, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Luzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Luzhou, China
| | - Tianyong Wu
- Luzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianyun Yao
- Yueyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yueyang, China
| | - Jinbao Li
- Yueyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yueyang, China
| | - Siyuan Zhou
- Yueyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yueyang, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Computing, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Li
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Changqiong Wang
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London Scho ol of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Graham A MacGregor
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London Scho ol of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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17
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Hou J, Yang R, Yang Y, Tang Y, Deng H, Chen Z, Wu Y, Shen H. The Effectiveness and Safety of Utilizing Mobile Phone-Based Programs for Rehabilitation After Lumbar Spinal Surgery: Multicenter, Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e10201. [PMID: 30785406 PMCID: PMC6404639 DOI: 10.2196/10201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rehabilitation is crucial for postoperative patients with low back pain (LBP). However, the implementation of traditional clinic-based programs is limited in developing countries, such as China, because of the maldistribution of medical resources. Mobile phone–based programs may be a potential substitute for those who have no access to traditional rehabilitation. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of mobile phone–based rehabilitation systems in patients who underwent lumbar spinal surgery. Methods Patients who accepted spinal surgeries were recruited and randomized into 2 groups of rehabilitation treatments: (1) a mobile phone–based eHealth (electronic health) program (EH) or (2) usual care treatment (UC). The primary outcomes were (1) function and pain status assessed by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and (2) the visual analog scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes were (1) general mental health and (2) quality of life (Likert scales, EuroQol-5 Dimension health questionnaire, and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey). All the patients were assessed preoperatively and then at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Results A total of 168 of the 863 eligible patients were included and randomized in this study. Our analysis showed that the improvement of primary outcomes in the EH group was superior to the UC group at 24 months postoperatively (ODI mean 7.02, SD 3.10, P<.05; VAS mean 7.59, SD 3.42, P<.05). No significant difference of primary outcomes was found at other time points. A subgroup analysis showed that the improvements of the primary outcomes were more significant in those who completed 6 or more training sessions each week throughout the trial (the highest compliance group) compared with the UC group at 6 months (ODI mean 17.94, SD 5.24, P<.05; VAS mean 19.56, SD 5.27, P<.05), 12 months (ODI mean 13.39, SD 5.32, P<.05; VAS mean 14.35, SD 5.23, P<.05), and 24 months (ODI mean 18.80, SD 5.22, P<.05; VAS mean 21.56, SD 5.28, P<.05). Conclusions This research demonstrated that a mobile phone–based telerehabilitation system is effective in self-managed rehabilitation for postoperative patients with LBP. The effectiveness of eHealth was more evident in participants with higher compliance. Future research should focus on improving patients’ compliance. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-TRC-13003314; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=6245 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/766RAIDNc)
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Hou
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyong Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiquan Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangxi Region People's Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- Department of Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, 8th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Hanbury MM, Sadeghi B, Tseregounis IE, Gomez-Camacho R, Manzo RD, Rangel MI, Alexandrescu B, de la Torre A. A Web-Based Application to Improve Data Collection in an Interventional Study Targeting Childhood Obesity: Pre-Post Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2019; 21:e10861. [PMID: 30664465 PMCID: PMC6351988 DOI: 10.2196/10861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although participatory action research (PAR) studies have proliferated in recent years, the development of technological resources to manage these types of projects has not kept pace. Few studies show how Web-based applications can be used to efficiently manage the data collection process. OBJECTIVE This study described the development, use, and impact of a Web-based application to facilitate data management in Niños Sanos, Familia Sana (Healthy Children, Healthy Family), an interventional multifaceted PAR field study. METHODS We described the transformation of the data management process and evaluated the impact of the application in terms of time efficiency of data collection and engagement of community-based data collectors. We defined time efficiency as the total number of days it took to collect 3 main surveys, per year of data collection. The engagement of data collectors was assessed based on qualitative reports. RESULTS The amount of time it took to perform a round of data collection was reduced after implementation of the field team application (between 382 and 383 days and 198 and 233 days). Secondary data were also collected in a tighter time frame around collection of the primary outcome, and communication among data collectors, the field staff, and the research team was streamlined. In focus groups, community-based data collectors reported feeling more empowered and engaged in the data collection process after implementation of the application. CONCLUSIONS A Web-based management application was successful in improving data collection time efficiency and engagement among data collectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan M Hanbury
- Center for Transnational Health, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Banafsheh Sadeghi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Iraklis Erik Tseregounis
- Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Rosa Gomez-Camacho
- Office of Planning & Institutional Performance, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, United States
| | - Rosa D Manzo
- Health Science Research Institute, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Maria Isabel Rangel
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Bogdan Alexandrescu
- Center for Transnational Health, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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19
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Nourani A, Ayatollahi H, Dodaran MS. A Review of Clinical Data Management Systems Used in Clinical Trials. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2019; 14:10-23. [PMID: 30251611 DOI: 10.2174/1574887113666180924165230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A clinical data management system is a software supporting the data management process in clinical trials. In this system, the effective support of clinical data management dimensions leads to the increased accuracy of results and prevention of diversion in clinical trials. The aim of this review article was to investigate the dimensions of data management in clinical data management systems. METHODS This study was conducted in 2017. The used databases included Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, Ovid Medline and PubMed. The search was conducted over a period of 10 years from 2007 to 2017. The initial number of studies was 101 reaching 19 in the final stage. The final studies were described and compared in terms of the year, country and dimensions of the clinical data management process in clinical trials. RESULTS The research findings indicated that none of the systems completely supported the data management dimensions in clinical trials. Although these systems were developed for supporting the clinical data management process, they were similar to electronic data capture systems in many cases. The most significant dimensions of data management in such systems were data collection or entry, report, validation, and security maintenance. CONCLUSION Seemingly, not sufficient attention has been paid to automate all dimensions of the clinical data management process in clinical trials. However, these systems could take positive steps towards changing the manual processes of clinical data management to electronic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynaz Nourani
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Ayatollahi
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Stergiopoulos S. #PatientVoiceMatters: How Social Media Is Bringing Patients and Biopharmaceutical Companies Together to Improve Drug Development. Clin Ther 2017; 39:2170-2172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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