1
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Dutta D, Ray P, De A, Ghosh A, Hazra RS, Ghosh P, Banerjee S, Diaz FJ, Upadhyay SP, Quadir M, Banerjee SK. pH-responsive targeted nanoparticles release ERK-inhibitor in the hypoxic zone and sensitize free gemcitabine in mutant K-Ras-addicted pancreatic cancer cells and mouse model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297749. [PMID: 38687749 PMCID: PMC11060587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic options for managing Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the deadliest types of aggressive malignancies, are limited and disappointing. Therefore, despite suboptimal clinical effects, gemcitabine (GEM) remains the first-line chemotherapeutic drug in the clinic for PDAC treatment. The therapeutic limitations of GEM are primarily due to poor bioavailability and the development of chemoresistance resulting from the addiction of mutant-K-RAS/AKT/ERK signaling-mediated desmoplastic barriers with a hypoxic microenvironment. Several new therapeutic approaches, including nanoparticle-assisted drug delivery, are being investigated by us and others. This study used pH-responsive nanoparticles encapsulated ERK inhibitor (SCH772984) and surface functionalized with tumor-penetrating peptide, iRGD, to target PDAC tumors. We used a small molecule, SCH772984, to target ERK1 and ERK2 in PDAC and other cancer cells. This nanocarrier efficiently released ERKi in hypoxic and low-pH environments. We also found that the free-GEM, which is functionally weak when combined with nanoencapsulated ERKi, led to significant synergistic treatment outcomes in vitro and in vivo. In particular, the combination approaches significantly enhanced the GEM effect in PDAC growth inhibition and prolonged survival of the animals in a genetically engineered KPC (LSL-KrasG12D/+/LSL-Trp53R172H/+/Pdx-1-Cre) pancreatic cancer mouse model, which is not observed in a single therapy. Mechanistically, we anticipate that the GEM efficacy was increased as ERKi blocks desmoplasia by impairing the production of desmoplastic regulatory factors in PDAC cells and KPC mouse tumors. Therefore, 2nd generation ERKi (SCH 772984)-iRGD-pHNPs are vital for the cellular response to GEM and denote a promising therapeutic target in PDAC with mutant K-RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Dutta
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
| | - Priyanka Ray
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
| | - Archana De
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Raj Shankar Hazra
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
| | - Pratyusha Ghosh
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
| | - Snigdha Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Francisco J. Diaz
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Sunil P. Upadhyay
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Mohiuddin Quadir
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States of America
| | - Sushanta K. Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
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Batrash F, Kutmah M, Zhang J. The current landscape of using direct inhibitors to target KRAS G12C-mutated NSCLC. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:93. [PMID: 37925476 PMCID: PMC10625227 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutation in KRAS protooncogene represents one of the most common genetic alterations in NSCLC and has posed a great therapeutic challenge over the past ~ 40 years since its discovery. However, the pioneer work from Shokat's lab in 2013 has led to a recent wave of direct KRASG12C inhibitors that utilize the switch II pocket identified. Notably, two of the inhibitors have recently received US FDA approval for their use in the treatment of KRASG12C mutant NSCLC. Despite this success, there remains the challenge of combating the resistance that cell lines, xenografts, and patients have exhibited while treated with KRASG12C inhibitors. This review discusses the varying mechanisms of resistance that limit long-lasting effective treatment of those direct inhibitors and highlights several novel therapeutic approaches including a new class of KRASG12C (ON) inhibitors, combinational therapies across the same and different pathways, and combination with immunotherapy/chemotherapy as possible solutions to the pressing question of adaptive resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Batrash
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Mahmoud Kutmah
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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3
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Small RNA-Seq Reveals Similar miRNA Transcriptome in Children and Young Adults with T-ALL and Indicates miR-143-3p as Novel Candidate Tumor Suppressor in This Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710117. [PMID: 36077521 PMCID: PMC9456032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify miRNAs and pathways specifically deregulated in adolescent and young adult (AYA) T-ALL patients. Small RNA-seq showed no major differences between AYA and pediatric T-ALL, but it revealed downregulation of miR-143-3p in T-ALL patients. Prediction algorithms identified several known and putative oncogenes targeted by this miRNA, including KRAS, FGF1, and FGF9. Pathway analysis indicated signaling pathways related to cell growth and proliferation, including FGFR signaling and PI3K-AKT signaling, with the majority of genes overrepresented in these pathways being predicted targets of hsa-miR-143-3p. By luciferase reporter assays, we validated direct interactions of this miRNA with KRAS, FGF1 and FGF9. In cell proliferation assays, we showed reduction of cell growth upon miR-143-3p overexpression in two T-ALL cell lines. Our study is the first description of the miRNA transcriptome in AYA T-ALL patients and the first report on tumor suppressor potential of miR-143-3p in T-ALL. Downregulation of this miRNA in T-ALL patients might contribute to enhanced growth and viability of leukemic cells. We also discuss the potential role of miR-143-3p in FGFR signaling. Although this requires more extensive validation, it might be an interesting direction, since FGFR inhibition proved promising in preclinical studies in various cancers.
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HSc70 interactome reveal major role of macroautophagy and minor role of chaperone mediated autophagy in K-Ras G12V cell proliferation and survival. J Proteomics 2022; 264:104614. [PMID: 35595057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Constitutively active K-Ras oncogene mutation at G12V changes the proteome of cells and activates macroautophagy for cell advantage. Inhibition of macroautophagy impairs K-Ras mediated tumor progression to a limited extent with increase of spontaneous tumors due to poorly understood mechanisms. Here, we show that inhibition of macroautophagy in K-Ras G12V mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) hyper activates chaperon mediated autophagy (CMA). Quantitative identification of CMA substrates through co-immunoprecipitation of CMA component heat shock cognate 70 (Hsc70) demonstrates a shift of proteins from macroautophagy to CMA mediated degradation. However, macroautophagy impairment show significant inhibition on proliferation and CMA hyper activation provides a basal support to macroautophagy-inhibited MEFs for survival. On the other hand, K-Ras G12V MEFs impaired of CMA reduces number of Hsc70 clients but activated macroautophagy significantly compensated CMA loss. Nonetheless, co-inhibition of CMA and macroautophagy had a synergistic detrimental effect on both proliferation and survival of MEFs expressing K-Ras G12V mutant. Our results point to K-Ras G12V MEFs dependency on macroautophagy and CMA partly compensates its loss for survival but not hyper-proliferation; implicating that targeting both macroautophagy and CMA as a promising therapeutic target in G12V mutation associated K-Ras cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: The present study provides a framework of Hsc70 interacting proteins, which differentially interact with Hsc70 in response to autophagy alterations. The role of proteins accumulation and induced proteo-toxicity could be underlying factor in macroautophagy and CMA co-inhibited K-Ras G12V MEFs phenotype. Our study provides rational for adaptive mechanisms in K-Ras tumors inhibited with different autophagy pathways and also supports targeting both macroautophagy and CMA simultaneously as therapeutic target. At the same time current study will help in characterizing the underlying cellular processes that may play a role in escaping tutor suppressor role CMA and macroautophagy in cancers harboring K-Ras G12V mutation that may be further utilized to identify molecular targets for K-Ras-driven cancers.
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5
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Runde AP, Mack R, S J PB, Zhang J. The role of TBK1 in cancer pathogenesis and anticancer immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:135. [PMID: 35395857 PMCID: PMC8994244 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is a serine/threonine kinase belonging to the non-canonical inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) family. TBK1 can be activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), inflammatory cytokines, and oncogenic kinases, including activated K-RAS/N-RAS mutants. TBK1 primarily mediates IRF3/7 activation and NF-κB signaling to regulate inflammatory cytokine production and the activation of innate immunity. TBK1 is also involved in the regulation of several other cellular activities, including autophagy, mitochondrial metabolism, and cellular proliferation. Although TBK1 mutations have not been reported in human cancers, aberrant TBK1 activation has been implicated in the oncogenesis of several types of cancer, including leukemia and solid tumors with KRAS-activating mutations. As such, TBK1 has been proposed to be a feasible target for pharmacological treatment of these types of cancer. Studies suggest that TBK1 inhibition suppresses cancer development not only by directly suppressing the proliferation and survival of cancer cells but also by activating antitumor T-cell immunity. Several small molecule inhibitors of TBK1 have been identified and interrogated. However, to this point, only momelotinib (MMB)/CYT387 has been evaluated as a cancer therapy in clinical trials, while amlexanox (AMX) has been evaluated clinically for treatment of type II diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity. In this review, we summarize advances in research into TBK1 signaling pathways and regulation, as well as recent studies on TBK1 in cancer pathogenesis. We also discuss the potential molecular mechanisms of targeting TBK1 for cancer treatment. We hope that our effort can help to stimulate the development of novel strategies for targeting TBK1 signaling in future approaches to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin P Runde
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Ryan Mack
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Peter Breslin S J
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.,Departments of Molecular/Cellular Physiology and Biology, Loyola University Medical Center and Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Jiwang Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Oncology Institute, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA. .,Departments of Pathology and Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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6
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Arunachalam A, Lakshmanan DK, Ravichandran G, Paul S, Manickam S, Kumar PV, Thilagar S. Regulatory mechanisms of heme regulatory protein BACH1: a potential therapeutic target for cancer. Med Oncol 2021; 38:122. [PMID: 34482423 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A limited number of overexpressed transcription factors are associated with cancer progression in many types of cancer. BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1) is the first mammalian heme-binding transcription factor that belongs to the basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) family and a member of CNC (cap 'n' collar). It forms heterodimers with the small musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma (MAF) proteins and stimulates or suppresses the expression of target genes under a very low intracellular heme concentration. It possesses a significant regulatory role in heme homeostasis, oxidative stress, cell cycle, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cancer metastasis progression. This review discusses the current knowledge about how BACH1 regulates cancer metastasis in various types of cancer and other carcinogenic associated factors such as oxidative stress, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Overall, from the reported studies and outcomes, it could be realized that BACH1 is a potential pharmacological target for discovering new therapeutic anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Arunachalam
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Lakshmanan
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
| | - Guna Ravichandran
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
| | - Soumi Paul
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Palanirajan Vijayaraj Kumar
- Department (Pharmaceutical Technology), Faculty of Pharmacy, UCSI University, South Campus, Taman Connaught, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sivasudha Thilagar
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India.
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7
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Xing F, Zhao D, Wu SY, Tyagi A, Wu K, Sharma S, Liu Y, Deshpande R, Wang Y, Cleary J, Miller LD, Chittiboyina AG, Yalamanchili C, Mo YY, Watabe K. Epigenetic and Posttranscriptional Modulation of SOS1 Can Promote Breast Cancer Metastasis through Obesity-Activated c-Met Signaling in African-American Women. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3008-3021. [PMID: 33446575 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-4031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ethnicity is considered to be one of the major risk factors in certain subtypes of breast cancer. However, the mechanism of this racial disparity remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that SOS1, a key regulator of Ras pathway, is highly expressed in African-American (AA) patients with breast cancer compared with Caucasian-American patients. Because of the higher obesity rate in AA women, increased levels of SOS1 facilitated signal transduction of the c-Met pathway, which was highly activated in AA patients with breast cancer via hepatocyte growth factor secreted from adipocytes. Elevated expression of SOS1 also enhanced cancer stemness through upregulation of PTTG1 and promoted M2 polarization of macrophages by CCL2 in metastatic sites. SOS1 was epigenetically regulated by a super-enhancer identified by H3K27ac in AA patients. Knockout of the super-enhancer by CRISPR in AA cell lines significantly reduced SOS1 expression. Furthermore, SOS1 was posttranscriptionally regulated by miR-483 whose expression is reduced in AA patients through histone trimethylation (H3K27me3) on its promoter. The natural compound, taxifolin, suppressed signaling transduction of SOS1 by blocking the interaction between SOS1 and Grb2, suggesting a potential utility of this compound as a therapeutic agent for AA patients with breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings elucidate the signaling network of SOS1-mediated metastasis in African-American patients, from the epigenetic upregulation of SOS1 to the identification of taxifolin as a potential therapeutic strategy against SOS1-driven tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xing
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Shih-Ying Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Abhishek Tyagi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kerui Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Sambad Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Ravindra Deshpande
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Yuezhu Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jacob Cleary
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Lance D Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi
| | - Chinni Yalamanchili
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi
| | - Yin-Yuan Mo
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
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8
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Dost AFM, Moye AL, Vedaie M, Tran LM, Fung E, Heinze D, Villacorta-Martin C, Huang J, Hekman R, Kwan JH, Blum BC, Louie SM, Rowbotham SP, Sainz de Aja J, Piper ME, Bhetariya PJ, Bronson RT, Emili A, Mostoslavsky G, Fishbein GA, Wallace WD, Krysan K, Dubinett SM, Yanagawa J, Kotton DN, Kim CF. Organoids Model Transcriptional Hallmarks of Oncogenic KRAS Activation in Lung Epithelial Progenitor Cells. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:663-678.e8. [PMID: 32891189 PMCID: PMC7541765 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutant KRAS is a common driver in epithelial cancers. Nevertheless, molecular changes occurring early after activation of oncogenic KRAS in epithelial cells remain poorly understood. We compared transcriptional changes at single-cell resolution after KRAS activation in four sample sets. In addition to patient samples and genetically engineered mouse models, we developed organoid systems from primary mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived lung epithelial cells to model early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. In all four settings, alveolar epithelial progenitor (AT2) cells expressing oncogenic KRAS had reduced expression of mature lineage identity genes. These findings demonstrate the utility of our in vitro organoid approaches for uncovering the early consequences of oncogenic KRAS expression. This resource provides an extensive collection of datasets and describes organoid tools to study the transcriptional and proteomic changes that distinguish normal epithelial progenitor cells from early-stage lung cancer, facilitating the search for targets for KRAS-driven tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella F M Dost
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aaron L Moye
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marall Vedaie
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Linh M Tran
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eileen Fung
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dar Heinze
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Section of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Carlos Villacorta-Martin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jessie Huang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ryan Hekman
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Julian H Kwan
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Benjamin C Blum
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Sharon M Louie
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samuel P Rowbotham
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julio Sainz de Aja
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mary E Piper
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Preetida J Bhetariya
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Rodent Histopathology Core, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew Emili
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Gustavo Mostoslavsky
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Section of Gastroenterology and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Gregory A Fishbein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - William D Wallace
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kostyantyn Krysan
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jane Yanagawa
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Carla F Kim
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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9
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STAT3: Versatile Functions in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051107. [PMID: 32365499 PMCID: PMC7281271 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) activation is frequently found in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient samples/cell lines and STAT3 inhibition in NSCLC cell lines markedly impairs their survival. STAT3 also plays a pivotal role in driving tumor-promoting inflammation and evasion of anti-tumor immunity. Consequently, targeting STAT3 either directly or by inhibition of upstream regulators such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6) or Janus kinase 1/2 (JAK1/2) is considered as a promising treatment strategy for the management of NSCLC. In contrast, some studies also report STAT3 being a tumor suppressor in a variety of solid malignancies, including lung cancer. Here, we provide a concise overview of STAT3‘s versatile roles in NSCLC and discuss the yins and yangs of STAT3 targeting therapies.
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10
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Chen F, Alphonse MP, Liu Y, Liu Q. Targeting Mutant KRAS for Anticancer Therapy. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2098-2113. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190902151307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
:Over the past decades, designing therapeutic strategies to target KRAS-mutant cancers, which is one of the most frequent mutant oncogenes among all cancer types, have proven unsuccessful regardless of many concerted attempts. There are key challenges for KRAS-mutant anticancer therapy, as the complex cellular processes involved in KRAS signaling has present. Herein, we highlight the emerging therapeutic approaches for inhibiting KRAS signaling and blocking KRAS functions, in hope to serve as a more effective guideline for future development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqian Chen
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79416, United States
| | - Martin P. Alphonse
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Building II, Suite 216, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States
| | - Yan Liu
- Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, United States
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Cancer Research Building II, Suite 216, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States
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11
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Bruxiola G, Cejalvo JM, Gambardella V, Cervantes A. In the literature: April 2019. ESMO Open 2019; 4:e000513. [PMID: 31231563 PMCID: PMC6555608 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gema Bruxiola
- CIBERONC, Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan-Miguel Cejalvo
- CIBERONC, Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Valentina Gambardella
- CIBERONC, Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés Cervantes
- CIBERONC, Department of Medical Oncology, Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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12
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Kitajima S, Asahina H, Chen T, Guo S, Quiceno LG, Cavanaugh JD, Merlino AA, Tange S, Terai H, Kim JW, Wang X, Zhou S, Xu M, Wang S, Zhu Z, Thai TC, Takahashi C, Wang Y, Neve R, Stinson S, Tamayo P, Watanabe H, Kirschmeier PT, Wong KK, Barbie DA. Overcoming Resistance to Dual Innate Immune and MEK Inhibition Downstream of KRAS. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:439-452.e6. [PMID: 30205046 PMCID: PMC6422029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts, oncogenic KRAS remains resistant to targeted therapy. Combined downstream RAL-TBK1 and MEK inhibition induces only transient lung tumor shrinkage in KRAS-driven genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). Using the sensitive KRAS;LKB1 (KL) mutant background, we identify YAP1 upregulation and a therapy-induced secretome as mediators of acquired resistance. This program is reversible, associated with H3K27 promoter acetylation, and suppressed by BET inhibition, resensitizing resistant KL cells to TBK1/MEK inhibition. Constitutive YAP1 signaling promotes intrinsic resistance in KRAS;TP53 (KP) mutant lung cancer. Intermittent treatment with the BET inhibitor JQ1 thus overcomes resistance to combined pathway inhibition in KL and KP GEMMs. Using potent and selective TBK1 and BET inhibitors we further develop an effective therapeutic strategy with potential translatability to the clinic.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/immunology
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/immunology
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/immunology
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphoproteins/immunology
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/immunology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/metabolism
- Transcription Factors
- YAP-Signaling Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kitajima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hajime Asahina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sujuan Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Laura Gutierrez Quiceno
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jillian D Cavanaugh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ashley A Merlino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shoichiro Tange
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hideki Terai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jong Wook Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Xiaoen Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Man Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Stephen Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zehua Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tran C Thai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yujin Wang
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | | | | | - Pablo Tamayo
- Moores Cancer Center and School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hideo Watanabe
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Paul T Kirschmeier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David A Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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13
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Ray K, Ujvari B, Ramana V, Donald J. Cross-talk between EGFR and IL-6 drives oncogenic signaling and offers therapeutic opportunities in cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 41:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Bodur C, Kazyken D, Huang K, Ekim Ustunel B, Siroky KA, Tooley AS, Gonzalez IE, Foley DH, Acosta-Jaquez HA, Barnes TM, Steinl GK, Cho KW, Lumeng CN, Riddle SM, Myers MG, Fingar DC. The IKK-related kinase TBK1 activates mTORC1 directly in response to growth factors and innate immune agonists. EMBO J 2018; 37:19-38. [PMID: 29150432 PMCID: PMC5753041 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201696164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune kinase TBK1 initiates inflammatory responses to combat infectious pathogens by driving production of type I interferons. TBK1 also controls metabolic processes and promotes oncogene-induced cell proliferation and survival. Here, we demonstrate that TBK1 activates mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) directly. In cultured cells, TBK1 associates with and activates mTORC1 through site-specific mTOR phosphorylation (on S2159) in response to certain growth factor receptors (i.e., EGF-receptor but not insulin receptor) and pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) (i.e., TLR3; TLR4), revealing a stimulus-selective role for TBK1 in mTORC1 regulation. By studying cultured macrophages and those isolated from genome edited mTOR S2159A knock-in mice, we show that mTOR S2159 phosphorylation promotes mTORC1 signaling, IRF3 nuclear translocation, and IFN-β production. These data demonstrate a direct mechanistic link between TBK1 and mTORC1 function as well as physiologic significance of the TBK1-mTORC1 axis in control of innate immune function. These data unveil TBK1 as a direct mTORC1 activator and suggest unanticipated roles for mTORC1 downstream of TBK1 in control of innate immunity, tumorigenesis, and disorders linked to chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagri Bodur
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dubek Kazyken
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kezhen Huang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bilgen Ekim Ustunel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kate A Siroky
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aaron Seth Tooley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ian E Gonzalez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel H Foley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hugo A Acosta-Jaquez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tammy M Barnes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gabrielle K Steinl
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kae-Won Cho
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Martin G Myers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Diane C Fingar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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15
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Hanselmann S, Wolter P, Malkmus J, Gaubatz S. The microtubule-associated protein PRC1 is a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 9:4985-4997. [PMID: 29435157 PMCID: PMC5797028 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether proteins that are involved in cytokinesis are potential targets for therapy of lung cancer. We find that the microtubule-associated protein PRC1 (protein required for cytokinesis 1), which plays a key role in organizing anti-parallel microtubule in the central spindle in cytokinesis, is overexpressed in lung cancer cell lines compared to normal cells. Increased expression of PRC1 is correlated with a poor prognosis of human lung adenocarcinoma patients. Lentiviral delivered, inducible RNAi of PRC1 demonstrated that proliferation of lung cancer cell lines strongly depends on PRC1. Significantly, we also show that PRC1 is required for tumorigenesis in vivo using a mouse model for non-small cell lung cancer driven by oncogenic K-RAS and loss of p53. When PRC1 is depleted by in vivo RNA interference, lung tumor formation is significantly reduced. Although PRC1 has been suggested to regulate Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in cancer cells, we find no evidence for a role of PRC1 in this pathway in lung cancer. Instead, we show that the depletion of PRC1 results in a strong increase in bi- and multinuclear cells due to defects in cytokinesis. This ultimately leads to apoptosis and senescence. Together these data establish PRC1 as a potential target for therapy of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Hanselmann
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Wolter
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Malkmus
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Gaubatz
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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16
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Minchom A, Thavasu P, Ahmad Z, Stewart A, Georgiou A, O’Brien MER, Popat S, Bhosle J, Yap TA, de Bono J, Banerji U. A study of PD-L1 expression in KRAS mutant non-small cell lung cancer cell lines exposed to relevant targeted treatments. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186106. [PMID: 28982179 PMCID: PMC5628934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated PD-L1 changes in response to MEK and AKT inhibitors in KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinoma (adeno-NSCLC). PD-L1 expression was quantified using immunofluorescence and co-culture with a jurkat cell-line transfected with NFAT-luciferase was used to study if changes in PD-L1 expression in cancer cell lines were functionally relevant. Five KRAS mutant cell lines with high PD-L1 expression (H441, H2291, H23, H2030 and A549) were exposed to GI50 inhibitor concentrations of a MEK inhibitor (trametinib) and an AKT inhibitor (AZD5363) for 3 weeks. Only 3/5 (H23, H2030 and A549) and 2/5 cell lines (H441 and H23) showed functionally significant increases in PD-L1 expression when exposed to trametinib or AZD5363 respectively. PD-L1 overexpression is not consistent and is unlikely to be an early mechanism of resistance to KRAS mutant adeno-NSCLC treated with MEK or AKT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Minchom
- The Lung Unit, Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Parames Thavasu
- The Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zai Ahmad
- The Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Stewart
- The Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandros Georgiou
- The Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary E. R. O’Brien
- The Lung Unit, Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Popat
- The Lung Unit, The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaishree Bhosle
- The Lung Unit, Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy A. Yap
- The Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johann de Bono
- The Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
| | - Udai Banerji
- The Drug Development Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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17
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Ischenko I, Zhi J, Hayman MJ, Petrenko O. KRAS-dependent suppression of MYC enhances the sensitivity of cancer cells to cytotoxic agents. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17995-18009. [PMID: 28152508 PMCID: PMC5392302 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS is the most commonly mutated oncogene, frequently associated with some of the deadliest forms of cancer. However, the need for potent and specific KRAS inhibitors remains unmet. Here, we evaluated the effects of selected cytotoxic agents on oncogenic KRAS signaling and drug response. The data provided new insights into the functional interaction between the KRAS and MYC pathways and revealed key differences between WT and mutant KRAS expressing cells. Systematic investigation of non-small cell lung cancer cell lines revealed that KRAS mutation can paradoxically increase the sensitivity of cells to cytotoxic agents. We identify MYC as a key regulator of the cellular stress responses and tumor cell viability as MYC expression was suppressed in drug-sensitive but not resistant cells. Furthermore, this suppression was driven by hyperactive KRAS/MAPK signaling. Our findings support a direct link between MYC and cancer cell viability, and raise the possibility that inactivation of MYC may be an effective therapeutic strategy for KRAS mutant tumors across various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ischenko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jizu Zhi
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Michael J Hayman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Oleksi Petrenko
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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18
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Park SJ, More S, Murtuza A, Woodward BD, Husain H. New Targets in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2017; 31:113-129. [PMID: 27912827 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With the implementation of genomic technologies into clinical practice, we have examples of the predictive benefit of targeted therapy for oncogene-addicted cancer and identified molecular dependencies in non-small cell lung cancer. The clinical success of tyrosine kinase inhibitors against epidermal growth factor receptor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase activation has shifted treatment emphasize the separation of subsets of lung cancer and genotype-directed therapy. Advances have validated oncogenic driver genes and led to the development of targeted agents. This review highlights treatment options, including clinical trials for ROS1 rearrangement, RET fusions, NTRK1 fusions, MET exon skipping, BRAF mutations, and KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo J Park
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Soham More
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ayesha Murtuza
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Brian D Woodward
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hatim Husain
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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19
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Kerkour A, Marquevielle J, Ivashchenko S, Yatsunyk LA, Mergny JL, Salgado GF. High-resolution three-dimensional NMR structure of the KRAS proto-oncogene promoter reveals key features of a G-quadruplex involved in transcriptional regulation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:8082-8091. [PMID: 28330874 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.781906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-canonical base pairing within guanine-rich DNA and RNA sequences can produce G-quartets, whose stacking leads to the formation of a G-quadruplex (G4). G4s can coexist with canonical duplex DNA in the human genome and have been suggested to suppress gene transcription, and much attention has therefore focused on studying G4s in promotor regions of disease-related genes. For example, the human KRAS proto-oncogene contains a nuclease-hypersensitive element located upstream of the major transcription start site. The KRAS nuclease-hypersensitive element (NHE) region contains a G-rich element (22RT; 5'-AGGGCGGTGTGGGAATAGGGAA-3') and encompasses a Myc-associated zinc finger-binding site that regulates KRAS transcription. The NEH region therefore has been proposed as a target for new drugs that control KRAS transcription, which requires detailed knowledge of the NHE structure. In this study, we report a high-resolution NMR structure of the G-rich element within the KRAS NHE. We found that the G-rich element forms a parallel structure with three G-quartets connected by a four-nucleotide loop and two short one-nucleotide double-chain reversal loops. In addition, a thymine bulge is found between G8 and G9. The loops of different lengths and the presence of a bulge between the G-quartets are structural elements that potentially can be targeted by small chemical ligands that would further stabilize the structure and interfere or block transcriptional regulators such as Myc-associated zinc finger from accessing their binding sites on the KRAS promoter. In conclusion, our work suggests a possible new route for the development of anticancer agents that could suppress KRAS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Kerkour
- From the Université Bordeaux, INSERM, CNRS, ARNA laboratory, European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, U1212, UMR 5320, 2 Rue Robert Escarpit, 33000 Pessac, France and
| | - Julien Marquevielle
- From the Université Bordeaux, INSERM, CNRS, ARNA laboratory, European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, U1212, UMR 5320, 2 Rue Robert Escarpit, 33000 Pessac, France and
| | - Stefaniia Ivashchenko
- From the Université Bordeaux, INSERM, CNRS, ARNA laboratory, European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, U1212, UMR 5320, 2 Rue Robert Escarpit, 33000 Pessac, France and
| | - Liliya A Yatsunyk
- From the Université Bordeaux, INSERM, CNRS, ARNA laboratory, European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, U1212, UMR 5320, 2 Rue Robert Escarpit, 33000 Pessac, France and.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- From the Université Bordeaux, INSERM, CNRS, ARNA laboratory, European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, U1212, UMR 5320, 2 Rue Robert Escarpit, 33000 Pessac, France and
| | - Gilmar F Salgado
- From the Université Bordeaux, INSERM, CNRS, ARNA laboratory, European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, U1212, UMR 5320, 2 Rue Robert Escarpit, 33000 Pessac, France and
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20
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Zhou X, Updegraff BL, Guo Y, Peyton M, Girard L, Larsen JE, Xie XJ, Zhou Y, Hwang TH, Xie Y, Rodriguez-Canales J, Villalobos P, Behrens C, Wistuba II, Minna JD, O'Donnell KA. PROTOCADHERIN 7 Acts through SET and PP2A to Potentiate MAPK Signaling by EGFR and KRAS during Lung Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2016; 77:187-197. [PMID: 27821484 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1267-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Given the efficacy of membrane proteins as therapeutic targets in human malignancies, we examined cell-surface receptors that may act as drivers of lung tumorigenesis. Here, we report that the PROTOCADHERIN PCDH7 is overexpressed frequently in NSCLC tumors where this event is associated with poor clinical outcome. PCDH7 overexpression synergized with EGFR and KRAS to induce MAPK signaling and tumorigenesis. Conversely, PCDH7 depletion suppressed ERK activation, sensitized cells to MEK inhibitors, and reduced tumor growth. PCDH7 potentiated ERK signaling by facilitating interaction of protein phosphatase PP2A with its potent inhibitor, the SET oncoprotein. By establishing an oncogenic role for PCDH7 in lung tumorigenesis, our results provide a rationale to develop novel PCDH7 targeting therapies that act at the cell surface of NSCLC cells to compromise their growth. Cancer Res; 77(1); 187-97. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Immunology, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Barrett L Updegraff
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yabin Guo
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Michael Peyton
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Luc Girard
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jill E Larsen
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Xian-Jin Xie
- Department of Clinical Science, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yunyun Zhou
- Department of Clinical Science, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Tae Hyun Hwang
- Department of Clinical Science, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Clinical Science, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pamela Villalobos
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kathryn A O'Donnell
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. .,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Kilgoz HO, Bender G, Scandura JM, Viale A, Taneri B. KRAS AND THE REALITY OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE IN NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER. Mol Med 2016; 22:380-387. [PMID: 27447490 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality among all cancer types, worldwide. Latest available global statistics of World Health Organization report 1.59 million casualities in 2012 alone. Worldwide, 1 in 5 cancer deaths are caused by lung cancer. In 2016, in USA alone, estimated new cases of lung cancer are 224,390, of which 158,080 are expected to result in death as reported by National Cancer Institute. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a histological subtype, comprises of about 85% of all cases, which is nearly 9 out of 10 lung cancer patients. Efforts are underway to develop and improve targeted therapy strategies. Certain mutations are being clinically targeted such as those in EGFR and ALK genes. However, one of the most frequently mutated genes in NSCLC is the KRAS oncogene, which is currently untargetable. Approximately 25% of all types of NSCLC tumors contain KRAS mutations, which remain as an undruggable challenge. These mutations are indicative of poor prognosis and confer negative response to standard chemotherapy. Furthermore, tumors harboring KRAS mutations are unlikely to respond to currently available targeted treatments such as Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Therefore, there is a definitive, urgent need to generate new targeted therapy approaches for KRAS mutations. Current strategies have major limitations and evolve around targeting molecules upstream and downstream of KRAS. Direct targeting is not available in the clinic. Combination therapies of multiple agents are being sought. Concentrated efforts are needed to accelerate basic research and consecutive clinical trials to achieve effective targeting of KRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva O Kilgoz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, via Mersin-10-Turkey
| | - Guzide Bender
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, via Mersin-10-Turkey
| | - Joseph M Scandura
- Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Agnes Viale
- Genomics Core Laboratory, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Bahar Taneri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, via Mersin-10-Turkey.,Institute of Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Research Institutes CAPHRI & GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
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22
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Kitajima S, Thummalapalli R, Barbie DA. Inflammation as a driver and vulnerability of KRAS mediated oncogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 58:127-35. [PMID: 27297136 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While important strides have been made in cancer therapy by targeting certain oncogenes, KRAS, the most common among them, remains refractory to this approach. In recent years, a deeper understanding of the critical importance of inflammation in promoting KRAS-driven oncogenesis has emerged, and applies across the different contexts of lung, pancreatic, and colorectal tumorigenesis. Here we review why these tissue types are particularly prone to developing KRAS mutations, and how inflammation conspires with KRAS signaling to fuel carcinogenesis. We discuss multiple lines of evidence that have established NF-κB, STAT3, and certain cytokines as key transducers of these signals, and data to suggest that targeting these pathways has significant clinical potential. Furthermore, recent work has begun to uncover how inflammatory signaling interacts with other KRAS regulated survival pathways such as autophagy and MAPK signaling, and that co-targeting these multiple nodes may be required to achieve real benefit. In addition, the impact of KRAS associated inflammatory signaling on the greater tumor microenvironment has also become apparent, and taking advantage of this inflammation by incorporating approaches that harness T cell anti-tumor responses represents another promising therapeutic strategy. Finally, we highlight the likelihood that the genomic complexity of KRAS mutant tumors will ultimately require tailored application of these therapeutic approaches, and that targeting inflammation early in the course of tumor development could have the greatest impact on eradicating this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kitajima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Rohit Thummalapalli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - David A Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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23
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KRAS G12D Mutation Subtype Is A Prognostic Factor for Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2016; 7:e157. [PMID: 27010960 PMCID: PMC4822095 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is no molecular biomarker available in the clinical practice to assess the prognosis of advanced pancreatic carcinoma. This multicenter prospective study aimed to investigate the role of KRAS mutation subtypes within the primary tumor to determine the prognosis of advanced pancreatic cancer. METHODS The exon-2 KRAS mutation status was tested on endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy material (primary tumor; restriction fragment-length polymorphism plus sequencing and TaqMan allelic discrimination) of patients with proven locally advanced and/or metastatic pancreatic ductal carcinoma. We used the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox's model to evaluate the impact of KRAS status on the overall survival (OS), adjusting for age, stage of disease, clinical performance status, CA 19-9 levels, and treatment. RESULTS A total of 219 patients (men: 116; mean age: 67±9.4 years) were included: 147 harbored a codon-12 KRAS mutation (G12D: 73; G12V: 53; G12R: 21) and 72 had a wild-type KRAS. There was no difference in the OS between patients with a mutant KRAS (8 months; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 8.7-12.3) and the wild-type (9 months; 95% CI: 8.7-12.8; hazard ratio (HR): 1.03; P=0.82). However, the patients with a G12D mutation had a significantly shorter OS (6 months; 95% CI: 6.4-9.7) compared with the other patients (OS: 9 months; 95% CI: 10-13; HR: 1.47; P=0.003; i.e., wild type: 9 months, G12V: 9 months, G12R: 14 months). Similar results were observed in the subgroup of 162 patients who received chemotherapy (HR: 1.66; P=0.0013; G12D (n=49): 8 months, wild type (n=56): 10 months, G12V (n=38): 10 months, G12R (n=19): 14 months). Multivariate analyses identified KRAS G12D as an independent predictor for worse prognosis within the entire series (HR: 1.44; P=0.01) and in the subgroup of patients that received chemotherapy (HR: 1.84; P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS The KRAS G12D mutation subtype is an independent prognostic marker for advanced pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Codon and amino-acid-specific mutations of KRAS should be considered when evaluating the prognoses as well as in trials testing drugs that target RAS and downstream RAS pathways.
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24
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Jenkins RW, Sullivan RJ. NRAS mutant melanoma: an overview for the clinician for melanoma management. Melanoma Manag 2016; 3:47-59. [PMID: 30190872 PMCID: PMC6097550 DOI: 10.2217/mmt.15.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and the incidence continues to rise in the United States and worldwide. Activating mutations in RAS oncogenes are found in roughly a third of all human cancers. Mutations in NRAS occur in approximately a fifth of cutaneous melanomas and are associated with aggressive clinical behavior. Cells harboring oncogenic NRAS mutations exhibit activation of multiple signaling cascades, including PI3K/Akt, MEK-ERK and RAL, which collectively stimulate cancer growth. While strategies to target N-Ras itself have proven ineffective, targeting one or more N-Ras effector pathways has shown promise in preclinical models. Despite promising preclinical data, current therapies for NRAS mutant melanoma remain limited. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies for BRAF mutant melanoma are transforming the treatment of metastatic melanoma, but the ideal treatment for NRAS mutant melanoma remains unknown. Improved understanding of NRAS mutant melanoma and relevant N-Ras effector signaling modules will be essential to develop new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan J Sullivan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Bournet B, Buscail C, Muscari F, Cordelier P, Buscail L. Targeting KRAS for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of pancreatic cancer: Hopes and realities. Eur J Cancer 2016; 54:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Person RJ, Ngalame NNO, Makia NL, Bell MW, Waalkes MP, Tokar EJ. Chronic inorganic arsenic exposure in vitro induces a cancer cell phenotype in human peripheral lung epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 286:36-43. [PMID: 25804888 PMCID: PMC4444387 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic is a human lung carcinogen. We studied the ability of chronic inorganic arsenic (2 μM; as sodium arsenite) exposure to induce a cancer phenotype in the immortalized, non-tumorigenic human lung peripheral epithelial cell line, HPL-1D. After 38 weeks of continuous arsenic exposure, secreted matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) activity increased to over 200% of control, levels linked to arsenic-induced cancer phenotypes in other cell lines. The invasive capacity of these chronic arsenic-treated lung epithelial (CATLE) cells increased to 320% of control and colony formation increased to 280% of control. CATLE cells showed enhanced proliferation in serum-free media indicative of autonomous growth. Compared to control cells, CATLE cells showed reduced protein expression of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN (decreased to 26% of control) and the putative tumor suppressor gene SLC38A3 (14% of control). Morphological evidence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurred in CATLE cells together with appropriate changes in expression of the EMT markers vimentin (VIM; increased to 300% of control) and e-cadherin (CDH1; decreased to 16% of control). EMT is common in carcinogenic transformation of epithelial cells. CATLE cells showed increased KRAS (291%), ERK1/2 (274%), phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK; 152%), and phosphorylated AKT1 (p-AKT1; 170%) protein expression. Increased transcript expression of metallothioneins, MT1A and MT2A and the stress response genes HMOX1 (690%) and HIF1A (247%) occurred in CATLE cells possibly in adaptation to chronic arsenic exposure. Thus, arsenic induced multiple cancer cell characteristics in human peripheral lung epithelial cells. This model may be useful to assess mechanisms of arsenic-induced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Person
- Stem Cell Toxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ntube N Olive Ngalame
- Stem Cell Toxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ngome L Makia
- Stem Cell Toxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Matthew W Bell
- Stem Cell Toxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Michael P Waalkes
- Stem Cell Toxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Erik J Tokar
- Stem Cell Toxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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