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Shrivas S, Samaur H, Yadav V, Boda SK. Soft and Hard Tissue Integration around Percutaneous Bone-Anchored Titanium Prostheses: Toward Achieving Holistic Biointegration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1966-1987. [PMID: 38530973 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
A holistic biointegration of percutaneous bone-anchored metallic prostheses with both hard and soft tissues dictates their longevity in the human body. While titanium (Ti) has nearly solved osseointegration, soft tissue integration of percutaneous metallic prostheses is a perennial problem. Unlike the firm soft tissue sealing in biological percutaneous structures (fingernails and teeth), foreign body response of the skin to titanium (Ti) leads to inflammation, epidermal downgrowth and inferior peri-implant soft tissue sealing. This review discusses various implant surface treatments/texturing and coatings for osseointegration, soft tissue integration, and against bacterial attachment. While surface microroughness by SLA (sandblasting with large grit and acid etched) and porous calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings improve Ti osseointegration, smooth and textured titania nanopores, nanotubes, microgrooves, and biomolecular coatings encourage soft tissue attachment. However, the inferior peri-implant soft tissue sealing compared to natural teeth can lead to peri-implantitis. Toward this end, the application of smart multifunctional bioadhesives with strong adhesion to soft tissues, mechanical resilience, durability, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory properties for soft tissue attachment to metallic prostheses is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Shrivas
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Harshita Samaur
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Vinod Yadav
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Boda
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
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Zhang Z, Ji C, Wang D, Wang M, Song D, Xu X, Zhang D. The burden of diabetes on the soft tissue seal surrounding the dental implants. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1136973. [PMID: 36875028 PMCID: PMC9978121 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1136973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue seal around implant prostheses is considered the primary barrier against adverse external stimuli and is a critical factor in maintaining dental implants' stability. Soft tissue seal is formed mainly by the adhesion of epithelial tissue and fibrous connective tissue to the transmembrane portion of the implant. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the risk factors for peri-implant inflammation, and peri-implant disease may be triggered by dysfunction of the soft tissue barrier around dental implants. This is increasingly considered a promising target for disease treatment and management. However, many studies have demonstrated that pathogenic bacterial infestation, gingival immune inflammation, overactive matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), impaired wound healing processes and excessive oxidative stress may trigger poor peri-implant soft tissue sealing, which may be more severe in the T2DM state. This article reviews the structure of peri-implant soft tissue seal, peri-implant disease and treatment, and moderating mechanisms of impaired soft tissue seal around implants due to T2DM to inform the development of treatment strategies for dental implants in patients with dental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwei Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Chonghao Ji
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | | | - Maoshan Wang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Dawei Song
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral, Shandong University , Jinan, China
| | - Dongjiao Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral, Shandong University , Jinan, China
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Fischer NG, Aparicio C. Junctional epithelium and hemidesmosomes: Tape and rivets for solving the "percutaneous device dilemma" in dental and other permanent implants. Bioact Mater 2022; 18:178-198. [PMID: 35387164 PMCID: PMC8961425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The percutaneous device dilemma describes etiological factors, centered around the disrupted epithelial tissue surrounding non-remodelable devices, that contribute to rampant percutaneous device infection. Natural percutaneous organs, in particular their extracellular matrix mediating the "device"/epithelium interface, serve as exquisite examples to inspire longer lasting long-term percutaneous device design. For example, the tooth's imperviousness to infection is mediated by the epithelium directly surrounding it, the junctional epithelium (JE). The hallmark feature of JE is formation of hemidesmosomes, cell/matrix adhesive structures that attach surrounding oral gingiva to the tooth's enamel through a basement membrane. Here, the authors survey the multifaceted functions of the JE, emphasizing the role of the matrix, with a particular focus on hemidesmosomes and their five main components. The authors highlight the known (and unknown) effects dental implant - as a model percutaneous device - placement has on JE regeneration and synthesize this information for application to other percutaneous devices. The authors conclude with a summary of bioengineering strategies aimed at solving the percutaneous device dilemma and invigorating greater collaboration between clinicians, bioengineers, and matrix biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G. Fischer
- MDRCBB-Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, 16-212 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- MDRCBB-Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, 16-212 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Division of Basic Research, Faculty of Odontology, UIC Barcelona – Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/. Josep Trueta s/n, 08195, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), C/. Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Two Gingival Cell Lines Response to Different Dental Implant Abutment Materials: An In Vitro Study. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10100192. [PMID: 36286002 PMCID: PMC9600692 DOI: 10.3390/dj10100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the response of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFB) and human gingival keratinocytes (HGKC) towards different dental implant abutment materials. Methods: Five materials were investigated: (1) titanium (Ti), (2) titanium nitride (TiN), (3) cobalt-chromium (CoCr), (4) zirconia (ZrO2), and (5) modified polyether ether ketone (m-PEEK). Both cell lines were cultured, expanded, and seeded in accordance with the protocol of their supplier. Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were evaluated at days 1, 3, 5, and 10 using colourimetric viability and cytotoxicity assays. Data were analysed via two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s post hoc test (p < 0.05 for all tests). Results: There was a statistically significant difference in cell proliferation of HGKC and HGFB cells in contact with different abutment materials at different time points, with no significant interaction between different materials. There was a significant effect on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity with different exposure times (p < 0.0001) for each material. Cell proliferation rates were comparable for both cell lines at the beginning of the study, however, HGFB showed higher proliferation rates for all materials at day 10 with better proliferation activities with ZrO and m-PEEK (40.27%) and (48.38%) respectively. HGKC showed significant interactions (p < 0.0001) in cytotoxicity between different materials. Conclusion: The present in vitro assessment investigated the biocompatibility of different abutment materials with soft tissue cells (HGFB and HGKC). The findings suggest that m-PEEK and TiN are biologically compatible materials with human cells that represent the soft tissue and can be considered as alternative implant abutment materials to Ti and ZrO2, especially when the aesthetic is of concern.
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Osman MA, Alamoush RA, Kushnerev E, Seymour KG, Shawcross S, Yates JM. Human osteoblasts response to different dental implant abutment materials: An in-vitro study. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1547-1557. [PMID: 35909000 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate human osteoblasts (HOB) response towards different dental implant abutment materials. METHODS Five dental implant abutment materials were investigated: (1) titanium (Ti), (2) titanium coated nitride (TiN), (3) cobalt chromium (CoCr), (4) zirconia (ZrO₂), and (5) modified polyether ether ketone (m-PEEK). HOBs were cultured, expanded, and seeded according to the supplier's protocol (PromoCell, UK). Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were evaluated at days 1, 3, 5, and 10 using Alamar Blue (alamarBlue) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) colorimetric assays. Data were analysed via two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (significance was determined as p < 0.05 for all tests). RESULTS All the investigated materials showed high and comparable initial proliferation activities apart from ZrO₂ (46.92%), with P% of 79.91%, 68.77%, 73.20%, and 65.46% for Ti, TiN, CoCr, and m-PEEK, respectively. At day 10, all materials exhibited comparable and lower P% than day 1 apart from TiN (70.90%) with P% of 30.22%, 40.64%, 37.27%, and 50.65% for Ti, CoCr, ZrO₂, and m-PEEK, respectively. The cytotoxic effect of the investigated materials was generally low throughout the whole experiment. At day 10, the cytotoxicity % was 7.63%, 0.21%, 13.30%, 5.32%, 8.60% for Ti, TiN, CoCr, ZrO₂, and m-PEEK. The Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's Multiple Comparison Method highlighted significant material and time effects on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity, and a significant interaction (p < 0.0001) between the tested materials. Notably, TiN and m-PEEK showed improved HOB proliferation activity and cytotoxic levels than the other investigated materials. In addition, a non-significant negative correlation between viability and cytotoxicity was found for all tested materials. Ti (p = 0.07), TiN (p = 0.28), CoCr (p = 0.15), ZrO₂ (p = 0.17), and m-PEEK (p = 0.12). SIGNIFICANCE All the investigated materials showed excellent biocompatibility properties with more promising results for the newly introduced TiN and m-PEEK as alternatives to the traditionally used dental implant and abutment materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muataz A Osman
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Coupland 3 Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya; Restorative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Libyan International Medical University, Benghazi, Libya; Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, 3.106 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
| | - Rasha A Alamoush
- Prosthodontic Department, School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Evgeny Kushnerev
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Coupland 3 Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin G Seymour
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Coupland 3 Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Shawcross
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, 3.106 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Julian M Yates
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Coupland 3 Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
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Wang Z, Wu G, Yang Z, Li X, Feng Z, Zhao Y. Chitosan/Hyaluronic Acid/MicroRNA-21 Nanoparticle-Coated Smooth Titanium Surfaces Promote the Functionality of Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3793-3807. [PMID: 36072958 PMCID: PMC9444039 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s375180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhongshan Wang; Yimin Zhao, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, 710032, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-29-84776128, Email ;
| | - Guangsheng Wu
- Qingdao Special Servicemen Recuperation Center of PLA Navy, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhujun Yang
- Xi’an Central Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
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In-Vitro Phenotypic Response of Human Osteoblasts to Different Degrees of Titanium Surface Roughness. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10080140. [PMID: 36005238 PMCID: PMC9406766 DOI: 10.3390/dj10080140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate human osteoblast (HOB) responses towards different degrees of titanium (Ti) implant surface roughness. Methods: Four degrees of Ti surface roughness were investigated on a micrometer roughness scale: smooth (S: 0.08−0.1 µm), minimally rough (MM: 0.3−0.5 µm), moderately rough (MR: 1.2−1.4 µm), and rough (R: 3.3−3.7 µm). HOB cells were cultured, expanded, and maintained according to the supplier’s protocol. Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were assessed at day 1, 3, 5, and 10 using alamarBlue and lactate dehydrogenase colorimetric assays. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s post hoc test (p = 0.05 for all tests). Results: There was no significant difference in the cell proliferation or cytotoxicity of the HOB cells in contact with the different degrees of Ti surface roughness. There was, however, a significant time effect on cell proliferation (p < 0.0001) with different exposure durations for each roughness degree. Furthermore, a positive correlation (non-significant) between proliferation and cytotoxicity was observed for all investigated degrees of surface roughness. Conclusion: All investigated roughness degrees showed comparable HOB proliferation, with the MR surface presenting the highest percentage, followed by the R, MM, ad S, surfaces, respectively. The S surface showed the highest cytotoxic effect on HOBs; however, it did not reach the cytotoxic level suggested by the ISO for any medical device to be considered cytotoxic.
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Mammalian cell response and bacterial adhesion on titanium healing abutments: effect of multiple implantation and sterilization cycles. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:2633-2644. [PMID: 32944837 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03574-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple implantations of the implant healing abutment (IHA) could adversely impact its surface properties in vivo. Furthermore, the effect of sterilization and reuse of the IHA on soft tissue viability and bacterial contamination has not been extensively studied. The goal of this study was to perform an in vitro analysis of mammalian cell viability and bacterial adhesion on the surfaces of retrieved IHA after single and multiple implantations and repetitive cycles of sterilization. MATERIALS AND METHODS IHA surface morphology was studied using optical microscopy. Cell viability of gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) and oral keratinocytes (HOKg) in indirect contact with IHAs was assessed for 3 and 7 days. Immersion in bacterial culture was performed with a polyculture of Streptococcus species for 3 days and Streptococcus species with Fusobacterium nucleatum for 7 days. RESULTS IHAs exhibited signs of surface damage even after a single exposure to the oral cavity. Fibroblasts did not show a significant preference towards control IHAs over used IHAs, whereas keratinocytes exhibited a significant decrease in viability when exposed to IHAs after multiple implantation cycles as compared with controls. Adherent bacterial count increased with increasing number of IHA implantations for both polycultures. CONCLUSIONS Reusing of IHAs in vivo promoted surface degradation in addition to adversely impacting host cell viability and oral bacterial attachment in vitro. These findings show IHA reuse might potentially affect its clinical performance. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Careful consideration should be taken when reusing IHAs in patients because this practice can result in permanent surface changes that might affect soft tissue integration during the healing period and promote bacterial colonization.
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Abstract
PURPOSE The concept of biological width has been proposed and widely used in oral implantation. This review aimed to summarize the biological width around implant in detail. STUDY SELECTION An electronic search of the literature prior to March 2019 was performed to identify all articles related to biological width in periimplant soft tissue. The search was conducted in the MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine) database accessed through PubMed with no date restriction. The following main keywords were used: "implant", "biological width", "soft tissue", "junctional epithelium", "peri-implant epithelium", "connective tissue", "gingiva", "mucosa" (connecting multiple keywords with AND, OR). RESULTS The identified researches focused on several aspects related to biological width in oral implantation, namely the concept, formation, remodeling, dimension, structure and function. CONCLUSIONS Based on of the reviewed literature, the concept, formation, remodeling, structure, dimension, and functional significances of periimplant biological width are explored in this narrative review. The formation of biological width around implant is a complex process after several weeks of healing. The biological width around implant is a 3-4mm distance from the top of the peri-implant mucosa to the first bone-to-implant contact or the stabilized top of the adjacent bone, consisting of sulcular epithelium, junctional epithelium and fibrous connective tissue between the epithelium and the first bone-to-implant contact or the stabilized top of the adjacent bone. The biological width forms a biological barrier against the bacteria, influences the remodeling of soft and hard tissue around implant and has implications for clinical aspects of dental implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zheng
- Graduate Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital
| | - Xiaogang Ao
- Graduate Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital
| | - Peng Xie
- Graduate Prosthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenchuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China and Department of Oral Prosthodontics
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Alamoush RA, Kushnerev E, Yates JM, Satterthwaite JD, Silikas N. Response of two gingival cell lines to CAD/CAM composite blocks. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1214-1225. [PMID: 32561116 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the influence of CAD/CAM composite materials on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and gingival keratinocytes (HGK). METHODS Four materials were investigated: two resin-composite blocks (RCB), Grandio Blocs (GR) and Block HC (HC); one polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) (Enamic, EN); and one conventional resin-composite, Grandioso (GND). HGF and HGK were cultured as per the supplier's protocol (ATCC, UK). Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were evaluated at 1, 3, 5 and 10 days using LDH and Alamar Blue assays. Indirect immunostaining was used to assess the Caspase-3 activity. Data were analysed via two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05 for all tests). RESULTS There was significant difference in cell proliferation of the HGK and HGF cells in contact with different composite materials but no significant differences in their cytotoxicity. There was a significant effect on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity with different exposure times, for each type of resin-composite. HGF cell proliferation was higher than HGK with almost all investigated materials and at all time points. No Caspase-3 activity was detected in either cell lines. SIGNIFICANCE HGK proliferation and cytotoxicity appeared to be more influenced by composite materials compared to HGF, demonstrating EN cytotoxic effects in HGK. Different manufacturing techniques of resin-composites (photo curing versus heat/pressure curing) had no significant effect on their biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Alamoush
- Prosthodontic Department, School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Evgeny Kushnerev
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Julian M Yates
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Nick Silikas
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Mikolai C, Kommerein N, Ingendoh‐Tsakmakidis A, Winkel A, Falk CS, Stiesch M. Early host–microbe interaction in a peri‐implant oral mucosa‐biofilm model. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13209. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Mikolai
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials ScienceHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Nadine Kommerein
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials ScienceHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | | | - Andreas Winkel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials ScienceHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Christine S. Falk
- Institute of Transplant ImmunologyHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Meike Stiesch
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials ScienceHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
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12
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Pawar DRL, Jeyapalina S, Bachus KN. Evaluation of soft-tissue response around laser microgrooved titanium percutaneous devices. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:2031-2040. [PMID: 31889421 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous devices are prone to epidermal downgrowth and sinus tract formation, which can serve as a nidus for bacterial colonization and increase the risk of peri-prosthetic infection. A laser microgrooved topography has been shown to limit gingival epidermal downgrowth around dental implants. However, the efficacy of this laser microgrooved topography to limit epidermal downgrowth around nongingival percutaneous devices is yet to be investigated. In this study, devices with a porous-coated subdermal component and a percutaneous post were designed and manufactured. The proximal 2 mm section of the percutaneous post were left smooth, or were textured with either a porous coating, or with the laser microgrooved topography. The smooth and porous topographies served as controls. The devices were tested in a hairless guinea pig back model, where 18 animals were randomly assigned into three groups, with each group receiving one implant type (n = 6/group). Four weeks postimplantation, the devices with surrounding soft-tissues were harvested and processed for histological analyses. Results indicated that the laser microgrooved topography failed to prevent epidermal downgrowth (23 ± 4%) around percutaneous posts in this model. Furthermore, no significant differences (p = 0.70) in epidermal downgrowth were present between the three topographies, with all the groups exhibiting similar measures of downgrowth. Overall, these findings suggest that the laser microgrooved topography may not halt downgrowth around percutaneous devices for dermal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya R L Pawar
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, George E. Wahlen, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Utah Orthopaedic Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sujee Jeyapalina
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, George E. Wahlen, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Utah Orthopaedic Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kent N Bachus
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, George E. Wahlen, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Utah Orthopaedic Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Strassburg S, Caduc M, Stark GB, Jedrusik N, Tomakidi P, Steinberg T, Simunovic F, Finkenzeller G. In vivo evaluation of an electrospun gelatin nonwoven mat for regeneration of epithelial tissues. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:1605-1614. [PMID: 30907052 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
One major objective in epithelial tissue engineering is to identify a suitable biomaterial that supports epithelial tissue formation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to elucidate a novel electrospun gelatin nonwoven mat (NWM) for epithelial tissue engineering purposes in vivo. This NWM was seeded with either human gingival keratinocytes (GK, in coculture with gingival fibroblast) or human skin epithelial keratinocytes (EK, in coculture with skin dermal fibroblasts). These constructs were ex vivo cultured for 4 days before subcutaneous implantation into athymic nude mice. After 7 days, the constructs were explanted and investigated by immunohistology. Our results show that GK form a stratified epithelium on the surface of the NWM, mostly independent of a fibroblastic counterpart. Like native mucosa, the regenerated epithelium showed expression of epidermal growth factor receptor, cytokeratin-14 and -1, and involucrin. Only the expression of the basement membrane constituent laminin 5 was more pronounced in cocultures. Comparing GK and skin EK, we found that skin EK form a less developed epithelial tissue. Furthermore, the NWM allows not only for epithelial tissue formation by GK, but also for infiltration of human fibroblasts and mouse immune cells, thus representing a biomaterial with potential regenerative capacity for oral mucosa tissue engineering applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1605-1614, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Strassburg
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Madeline Caduc
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Bjoern Stark
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Jedrusik
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Filip Simunovic
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Günter Finkenzeller
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Xu R, Hu X, Yu X, Wan S, Wu F, Ouyang J, Deng F. Micro-/nano-topography of selective laser melting titanium enhances adhesion and proliferation and regulates adhesion-related gene expressions of human gingival fibroblasts and human gingival epithelial cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5045-5057. [PMID: 30233172 PMCID: PMC6129016 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s166661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Selective laser melting (SLM) titanium is an ideal option to manufacture customized implants with suitable surface modification to improve its bioactivity. The peri-implant soft tissues form a protective tissue barrier for the underlying osseointegration. Therefore, original microrough SLM surfaces should be treated for favorable attachment of surrounding soft tissues. Material and methods In this study, anodic oxidation (AO) was applied on the microrough SLM titanium substrate to form TiO2 nanotube arrays. After that, calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles were embedded into the nanotubes or the interval of nanotubes by electrochemical deposition (AOC). These two samples were compared to untreated (SLM) samples and accepted mechanically polished (MP) SLM titanium samples. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, surface roughness, and water contact angle measurements were used for surface characterization. The primary human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were cultured for cell assays to determine adhesion, proliferation, and adhesion-related gene expressions. Results For HGECs, AOC samples showed significantly higher adhesion, proliferation, and adhesion-related gene expressions than AO and SLM samples (P<0.05) and similar exceptional ability in above aspects to MP samples. At the same time, AOC samples showed the highest adhesion, proliferation, and adhesion-related gene expressions for HGFs (P<0.05). Conclusion By comparison between each sample, we could confirm that both anodic oxidation and CaP nanoparticles had improved bioactivity, and their combined utilization may likely be superior to mechanical polishing, which is most commonly used and widely accepted. Our results indicated that creating appropriate micro-/nano-topographies can be an effective method to affect cell behavior and increase the stability of the peri-implant mucosal barrier on SLM titanium surfaces, which contributes to its application in dental and other biomedical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruogu Xu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China, .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China,
| | - Xiucheng Hu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China, .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China,
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China, .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China,
| | - Shuangquan Wan
- Department of Oral Implantology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China, .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China,
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China, .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China,
| | - Jianglin Ouyang
- Guangzhou Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, PR China.,Guangzhou Janus Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Feilong Deng
- Department of Oral Implantology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China, .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China,
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15
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Overton JA, Cooke DF, Goldring AB, Lucero SA, Weatherford C, Recanzone GH. Improved methods for acrylic-free implants in nonhuman primates for neuroscience research. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:3252-3270. [PMID: 28855286 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00191.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, head fixation devices and recording cylinders have been implanted in nonhuman primates (NHP) using dental acrylic despite several shortcomings associated with acrylic. The use of more biocompatible materials such as titanium and PEEK is becoming more prevalent in NHP research. We describe a cost-effective set of procedures that maximizes the integration of headposts and recording cylinders with the animal's tissues while reducing surgery time. Nine rhesus monkeys were implanted with titanium headposts, and one of these was also implanted with a recording chamber. In each case, a three-dimensional printed replica of the skull was created based on computerized tomography scans. The titanium feet of the headposts were shaped, and the skull thickness was measured preoperatively, reducing surgery time by up to 70%. The recording cylinder was manufactured to conform tightly to the skull, which was fastened to the skull with four screws and remained watertight for 8.5 mo. We quantified the amount of regression of the skin edge at the headpost. We found a large degree of variability in the timing and extent of skin regression that could not be explained by any single recorded factor. However, there was not a single case of bone exposure; although skin retracted from the titanium, skin also remained adhered to the skull adjacent to those regions. The headposts remained fully functional and free of complications for the experimental life of each animal, several of which are still participating in experiments more than 4 yr after implant.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cranial implants are often necessary for performing neurophysiology research with nonhuman primates. We present methods for using three-dimensional printed monkey skulls to form and fabricate acrylic-free implants preoperatively to decrease surgery times and the risk of complications and increase the functional life of the implant. We focused on reducing costs, creating a feasible timeline, and ensuring compatibility with existing laboratory systems. We discuss the importance of using more biocompatible materials and enhancing osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dylan F Cooke
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adam B Goldring
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Steven A Lucero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California; and
| | - Conor Weatherford
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Gregg H Recanzone
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California.,Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California
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16
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Miao X, Wang D, Xu L, Wang J, Zeng D, Lin S, Huang C, Liu X, Jiang X. The response of human osteoblasts, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages and oral bacteria to nanostructured titanium surfaces: a systematic study. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1415-1430. [PMID: 28260888 PMCID: PMC5325133 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s126760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotopography modification is a major focus of interest in current titanium surface design; however, the influence of the nanostructured surface on human cell/bacterium behavior has rarely been systematically evaluated. In this study, a homogeneous nanofiber structure was prepared on a titanium surface (Nano) by alkali-hydrothermal treatment, and the effects of this Nano surface on the behaviors of human MG-63 osteoblasts, human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were evaluated in comparison with a smooth titanium surface (Smooth) by polishing and a micro-rough titanium surface (Micro) by sandblasting and acid etching. In addition, the impacts of these different surface morphologies on human THP-1 macrophage polarization and Streptococcus mutans attachment were also assessed. Our findings showed that the nanostructured surface enhanced the osteogenic activity of MG-63 cells (Nano=Micro>Smooth) at the same time that it improved the attachment of HGECs (Nano>Smooth>Micro) and HGFs (Nano=Micro>Smooth). Furthermore, the surface with nanotexture did not affect macrophage polarization (Nano=Micro=Smooth), but did reduce initial bacterial adhesion (Nano
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Miao
- Department of Prosthodontics
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Donghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
| | - Lianyi Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Deliang Zeng
- Department of Prosthodontics
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Shuxian Lin
- Department of Prosthodontics
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Cui Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
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17
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Grenade C, De Pauw-Gillet MC, Pirard C, Bertrand V, Charlier C, Vanheusden A, Mainjot A. Biocompatibility of polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network (PICN) materials with Human Gingival Keratinocytes (HGKs). Dent Mater 2017; 33:333-343. [PMID: 28159322 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Biocompatibility of polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network (PICN) materials, a new class of CAD-CAM composites, is poorly explored in the literature, in particular, no data are available regarding Human Gingival Keratinocytes (HGK). The first objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of PICNs with HGKs in comparison with other materials typically used for implant prostheses. The second objective was to correlate results with PICN monomer release and indirect cytotoxicity. METHODS HGK attachment, proliferation and spreading on PICN, grade V titanium (Ti), yttrium zirconia (Zi), lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (eM) and polytetrafluoroethylene (negative control) discs were evaluated using a specific insert-based culture system. For PICN and eM samples, monomer release in the culture medium was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography and indirect cytotoxicity tests were performed. RESULTS Ti and Zi exhibited the best results regarding HGK viability, number and coverage. eM showed inferior results while PICN showed statistically similar results to eM but also to Ti regarding cell number and to Ti and Zi regarding cell viability. No monomer release from PICN discs was found, nor indirect cytotoxicity, as for eM. SIGNIFICANCE The results confirmed the excellent behavior of Ti and Zi with gingival cells. Even if polymer based, PICN materials exhibited intermediate results between Ti-Zi and eM. These promising results could notably be explained by PICN high temperature-high pressure (HT-HP) innovative polymerization mode, as confirmed by the absence of monomer release and indirect cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Grenade
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU) and Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège and University of Liège Hospital (ULg, CHU), Liège, Belgium.
| | | | - Catherine Pirard
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege and University of Liège Hospital (ULg, CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Virginie Bertrand
- Mammalian Cell Culture Laboratory-GIGA-R, University of Liège (ULg), Liège, Belgium
| | - Corinne Charlier
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege and University of Liège Hospital (ULg, CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Alain Vanheusden
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU) and Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège and University of Liège Hospital (ULg, CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Amélie Mainjot
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU) and Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège and University of Liège Hospital (ULg, CHU), Liège, Belgium
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18
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Calliess T, Bartsch I, Haupt M, Reebmann M, Schwarze M, Stiesch M, Pfaffenroth C, Sluszniak M, Dempwolf W, Menzel H, Witte F, Willbold E. In vivo comparative study of tissue reaction to bare and antimicrobial polymer coated transcutaneous implants. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 61:712-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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