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Xiong Z, Rouquier L, Huang X, Potier E, Bensidhoum M, Hoc T. Porosity and surface curvature effects on the permeability and wall shear stress of trabecular bone: Guidelines for biomimetic scaffolds for bone repair. Comput Biol Med 2024; 177:108630. [PMID: 38781643 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Scaffolds are an essential component of bone tissue engineering to provide support and create a physiological environment for cells. Biomimetic scaffolds are a promising approach to fulfill the requirements. Bone allografts are widely used scaffolds due to their mechanical and structural characteristics. The scaffold geometry is well known to be an important determinant of induced mechanical stimulation felt by the cells. However, the impact of allograft geometry on permeability and wall shear stress distribution is not well understood. This information is essential for designing biomimetic scaffolds that provide a suitable environment for cells to proliferate and differentiate. The present study investigates the effect of geometry on the permeability and wall shear stress of bone allografts at both macroscopic and microscopic scales. Our results concluded that the wall shear stress was strongly correlated with the porosity of the allograft. The level of wall shear stress at a local scale was also determined by the surface curvature characteristics. The results of this study can serve as a guideline for future biomimetic scaffold designs that provide a mechanical environment favorable for osteogenesis and bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Xiong
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Léa Rouquier
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Xingrong Huang
- Ecole Centrale de Pékin/School of General Engineering, Beihang University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Esther Potier
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Hoc
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, ENVA, B3OA, 75010, Paris, France; Mechanical Department, MSGMGC, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 69134, Ecully, France.
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2
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Phelps J, Hart DA, Mitha AP, Duncan NA, Sen A. Extracellular Vesicles Generated by Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Stirred Suspension Bioreactors Promote Angiogenesis in Human-Brain-Derived Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5219. [PMID: 38791256 PMCID: PMC11121007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Interrupted blood flow in the brain due to ischemic injuries such as ischemic stroke or traumatic brain injury results in irreversible brain damage, leading to cognitive impairment associated with inflammation, disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and cell death. Since the BBB only allows entry to a small class of drugs, many drugs used to treat ischemia in other tissues have failed in brain-related disorders. The administration of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) has shown promise in improving the functional recovery of the brain following cerebral ischemia by inducing blood vessel formation. To facilitate such a treatment approach, it is necessary to develop bioprocesses that can produce therapeutically relevant MSC-EVs in a reproducible and scalable manner. This study evaluated the feasibility of using stirred suspension bioreactors (SSBs) to scale-up the serum-free production of pro-angiogenic MSC-EVs under clinically relevant physioxic conditions. It was found that MSCs grown in SSBs generated EVs that stimulated angiogenesis in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, supporting the use of SSBs to produce MSC-EVs for application in cerebral ischemia. These properties were impaired at higher cell confluency, outlining the importance of considering the time of harvest when developing bioprocesses to manufacture EV populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene Phelps
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (D.A.H.); (A.P.M.)
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada;
| | - David A. Hart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (D.A.H.); (A.P.M.)
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada;
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Alim P. Mitha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (D.A.H.); (A.P.M.)
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 1403 29 Street N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Neil A. Duncan
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada;
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Arindom Sen
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (D.A.H.); (A.P.M.)
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada;
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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3
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Fragomeni G, De Napoli L, De Gregorio V, Genovese V, Barbato V, Serratore G, Morrone G, Travaglione A, Candela A, Gualtieri R, Talevi R, Catapano G. Enhanced solute transport and steady mechanical stimulation in a novel dynamic perifusion bioreactor increase the efficiency of the in vitro culture of ovarian cortical tissue strips. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1310696. [PMID: 38390358 PMCID: PMC10882273 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1310696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: We report the development and preliminary evaluation of a novel dynamic bioreactor to culture ovarian cortical tissue strips that leverages tissue response to enhanced oxygen transport and adequate mechanical stimulation. In vitro multistep ovarian tissue static culture followed by mature oocyte generation, fertilization, and embryo transfer promises to use the reserve of dormant follicles. Unfortunately, static in vitro culture of ovarian tissue does not promote development of primordial to secondary follicles or sustain follicle viability and thereby limits the number of obtainable mature oocytes. Enhancing oxygen transport to and exerting mechanical stimulation on ovarian tissue in a dynamic bioreactor may more closely mimic the physiological microenvironment and thus promote follicle activation, development, and viability. Materials and Methods: The most transport-effective dynamic bioreactor design was modified using 3D models of medium and oxygen transport to maximize strip perifusion and apply tissue fluid dynamic shear stresses and direct compressive strains to elicit tissue response. Prototypes of the final bioreactor design were manufactured with materials of varying cytocompatibility and assessed by testing the effect of leachables on sperm motility. Effectiveness of the bioreactor culture was characterized against static controls by culturing fresh bovine ovarian tissue strips for 7 days at 4.8 × 10-5 m/s medium filtration flux in air at -15% maximal total compressive strain and by assessing follicle development, health, and viability. Results and Conclusions: Culture in dynamic bioreactors promoted effective oxygen transport to tissues and stimulated tissues with strains and fluid dynamic shear stresses that, although non-uniform, significantly influenced tissue metabolism. Tissue strip culture in bioreactors made of cytocompatible polypropylene preserved follicle viability and promoted follicle development better than static culture, less so in bioreactors made of cytotoxic ABS-like resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gionata Fragomeni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luigi De Napoli
- Department of Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Vincenza De Gregorio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Genovese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenza Barbato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Serratore
- Department of Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Morrone
- Department of Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Angela Travaglione
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Candela
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Gualtieri
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Talevi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Catapano
- Department of Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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Doki Y, Nakazawa Y, Sukegawa M, Petrova RS, Ishida Y, Endo S, Nagai N, Yamamoto N, Funakoshi-Tago M, Donaldson PJ. Piezo1 channel causes lens sclerosis via transglutaminase 2 activation. Exp Eye Res 2023; 237:109719. [PMID: 37951336 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Presbyopia is caused by age-related lenticular hardening, resulting in near vision loss, and it occurs in almost every individual aged ≥50 years. The lens experiences mechanical pressure during for focal adjustment to change its thickness. As lenticular stiffening results in incomplete thickness changes, near vision is reduced, which is known as presbyopia. Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive channel that constantly senses pressure changes during the regulation of visual acuity, and changes in Piezo1 channel activity may contribute to presbyopia. However, no studies have reported on Piezo1 activation or the onset of presbyopia. To elucidate the relevance of Piezo1 activation and cross-linking in the development of presbyopia, we analysed the function of Piezo1 in the lens. The addition of Yoda1, a Piezo1 activator, induced an increase in transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) mRNA expression and activity through the extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase1/2 pathways. In ex vivo lenses, Yoda1 treatment induced γ-crystallin cross-linking via TMG2 activation. Furthermore, Yoda1 eye-drops in mice led to lenticular hardening via TGM2 induction and activation in vivo, suggesting that Yoda1-treated animals could serve as a model for presbyopia. Our findings indicate that this presbyopia-animal model could be useful for screening drugs for lens-stiffening inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Doki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Rosica S Petrova
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, New Zealand Eye Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yuki Ishida
- R&D Division, Hayashibara Co., Ltd, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shin Endo
- R&D Division, Hayashibara Co., Ltd, Okayama, Japan
| | - Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | | | - Paul J Donaldson
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, New Zealand Eye Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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5
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Mishra A, Kai R, Atkuru S, Dai Y, Piccinini F, Preshaw PM, Sriram G. Fluid flow-induced modulation of viability and osteodifferentiation of periodontal ligament stem cell spheroids-on-chip. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7432-7444. [PMID: 37819086 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01011b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing physiologically relevant in vitro models for studying periodontitis is crucial for understanding its pathogenesis and developing effective therapeutic strategies. In this study, we aimed to integrate the spheroid culture of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) within a spheroid-on-chip microfluidic perfusion platform and to investigate the influence of interstitial fluid flow on morphogenesis, cellular viability, and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSC spheroids. PDLSC spheroids were seeded onto the spheroid-on-chip microfluidic device and cultured under static and flow conditions. Computational analysis demonstrated the translation of fluid flow rates of 1.2 μl min-1 (low-flow) and 7.2 μl min-1 (high-flow) to maximum fluid shear stress of 59 μPa and 360 μPa for low and high-flow conditions, respectively. The spheroid-on-chip microfluidic perfusion platform allowed for modulation of flow conditions leading to larger PDLSC spheroids with improved cellular viability under flow compared to static conditions. Modulation of fluid flow enhanced the osteodifferentiation potential of PDLSC spheroids, demonstrated by significantly enhanced alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase expression. Additionally, flow conditions, especially high-flow conditions, exhibited extensive calcium staining across both peripheral and central regions of the spheroids, in contrast to the predominantly peripheral staining observed under static conditions. These findings highlight the importance of fluid flow in shaping the morphological and functional properties of PDLSC spheroids. This work paves the way for future investigations exploring the interactions between PDLSC spheroids, microbial pathogens, and biomaterials within a controlled fluidic environment, offering insights for the development of innovative periodontal therapies, tissue engineering strategies, and regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Mishra
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ren Kai
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Srividya Atkuru
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yichen Dai
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Filippo Piccinini
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore
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6
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Yamada S, Ockermann PN, Schwarz T, Mustafa K, Hansmann J. Translation of biophysical environment in bone into dynamic cell culture under flow for bone tissue engineering. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4395-4407. [PMID: 37711188 PMCID: PMC10498129 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic environment where osteocytes, osteoblasts, and mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells perceive mechanical cues and regulate bone metabolism accordingly. In particular, interstitial fluid flow in bone and bone marrow serves as a primary biophysical stimulus, which regulates the growth and fate of the cellular components of bone. The processes of mechano-sensory and -transduction towards bone formation have been well studied mainly in vivo as well as in two-dimensional (2D) dynamic cell culture platforms, which elucidated mechanically induced osteogenesis starting with anabolic responses, such as production of nitrogen oxide and prostaglandins followed by the activation of canonical Wnt signaling, upon mechanosensation. The knowledge has been now translated into regenerative medicine, particularly into the field of bone tissue engineering, where multipotent stem cells are combined with three-dimensional (3D) scaffolding biomaterials to produce transplantable constructs for bone regeneration. In the presence of 3D scaffolds, the importance of suitable dynamic cell culture platforms increases further not only to improve mass transfer inside the scaffolds but to provide appropriate biophysical cues to guide cell fate. In principle, the concept of dynamic cell culture platforms is rooted to bone mechanobiology. Therefore, this review primarily focuses on biophysical environment in bone and its translation into dynamic cell culture platforms commonly used for 2D and 3D cell expansion, including their advancement, challenges, and future perspectives. Additionally, it provides the literature review of recent empirical studies using 2D and 3D flow-based dynamic cell culture systems for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Yamada
- Center of Translational Oral Research-Tissue Engineering, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Philipp Niklas Ockermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwarz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Germany
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Center of Translational Oral Research-Tissue Engineering, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Hansmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Germany
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Germany
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7
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Szmelter AH, Venturini G, Abbed RJ, Acheampong MO, Eddington DT. Emulating clinical pressure waveforms in cell culture using an Arduino-controlled millifluidic 3D-printed platform for 96-well plates. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:793-802. [PMID: 36727452 PMCID: PMC9979247 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00970f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High blood pressure is the primary risk factor for heart disease, the leading cause of death globally. Despite this, current methods to replicate physiological pressures in vitro remain limited in sophistication and throughput. Single-chamber exposure systems allow for only one pressure condition to be studied at a time and the application of dynamic pressure waveforms is currently limited to simple sine, triangular, or square waves. Here, we introduce a high-throughput hydrostatic pressure exposure system for 96-well plates. The platform can deliver a fully-customizable pressure waveform to each column of the plate, for a total of 12 simultaneous conditions. Using clinical waveform data, we are able to replicate real patients' blood pressures as well as other medically-relevant pressures within the body and have assembled a small patient-derived waveform library of some key physiological locations. As a proof of concept, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) survived and proliferated for 3 days under a wide range of static and dynamic physiologic pressures ranging from 10 mm Hg to 400 mm Hg. Interestingly, pathologic and supraphysiologic pressure exposures did not inhibit cell proliferation. By integrating with, rather than replacing, ubiquitous lab cultureware it is our hope that this device will facilitate the incorporation of hydrostatic pressure into standard cell culture practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam H Szmelter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Giulia Venturini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Rana J Abbed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Manny O Acheampong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - David T Eddington
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, USA.
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8
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Fluid shear stress promotes osteogenesis of bone mesenchymal stem cells at early matrix maturity phase through Lamin A/ METTL3 signal axis. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Gao L, Xu T, Zhang L, Li Y, Yan T, Yu G, Chen F. Midpalatal Suture: Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Intramembrane Ossification and Piezo2 Chondrogenic Mesenchymal Cell Involvement. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223585. [PMID: 36429014 PMCID: PMC9688242 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The midpalatal suture is mainly responsible for the growth and development of the maxillary and resistance to rapid maxillary expansion (RME). It is essential for clinical researchers to explore the intramembrane ossification and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the maturation and ossification process of the midpalatal suture to help identify the optimum time and force of RME. However, mechanistic studies associated with the midpalatal suture are rare. The aim of this present study is to create an intramembrane osteogenesis model for the midpalatal suture region of mice. Interestingly, we discovered a type of chondrogenic mesenchymal cell expressing Piezo2, which might be related to the detection of mechanical and external stimuli. This result provides a potential molecular and cellular mechanism that explains why the midpalatal suture is not closed until adulthood. We depict a landscape of mesenchymal cells that might play an important role in the intramembrane osteogenesis of the midpalatal suture and provide new perspectives on midpalate suture maturation and ossification, which might lead to further possibilities for clinical operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gao
- Central Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Tiansong Xu
- Central Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liqi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Central Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianxing Yan
- Central Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guoxia Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing 100045, China
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (F.C.)
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (F.C.)
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10
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Jeske R, Chen X, Ma S, Zeng EZ, Driscoll T, Li Y. Bioreactor Expansion Reconfigures Metabolism and Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis of Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells In Vitro. Biochem Eng J 2022; 188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Fluid Flow Analysis of Integrated Porous Bone Scaffold and Cancellous Bone at Different Skeletal Sites: In Silico Study. Transp Porous Media 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-022-01849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Dentin Particulate for Bone Regeneration: An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169283. [PMID: 36012558 PMCID: PMC9408967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the commitment and behavior of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) seeded onto two different grafting materials, human dentin particulate (DP) and deproteinized bovine bone matrix (BG), with those cultured in the absence of supplements. Gene expression analyses along with epigenetic and morphological tests were carried out to examine odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation and cell proliferation. Compressive testing of the grafting materials seeded with DPSCs was performed as well. DPSC differentiation into odontoblast-like cells was identified from the upregulation of odontogenic markers (DSPP and MSX) and osteogenic markers (RUNX2, alkaline phosphatase, osteonectin, osteocalcin, collagen type I, bmp2, smad5/8). Epigenetic tests confirmed the presence of miRNAs involved in odontogenic or osteogenic commitment of DPSCs cultured for up to 21 days on DP. Compressive strength values obtained from extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesized by DPSCs showed a trend of being higher when seeded onto DP than onto BG. High expression of VEGF factor, which is related to angiogenesis, and of dentin sialoprotein was observed only in the presence of DP. Morphological analyses confirmed the typical phenotype of adult odontoblasts. In conclusion, the odontogenic and osteogenic commitment of DPSCs and their respective functions can be achieved on DP, which enables exceptional dentin and bone regeneration.
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Wiese DM, Wood CA, Braid LR. From Vial to Vein: Crucial Gaps in Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Clinical Trial Reporting. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:867426. [PMID: 35493074 PMCID: PMC9043315 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.867426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrospective analysis of clinical trial outcomes is a vital exercise to facilitate efficient translation of cellular therapies. These analyses are particularly important for mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) products. The exquisite responsiveness of MSCs, which makes them attractive candidates for immunotherapies, is a double-edged sword; MSC clinical trials result in inconsistent outcomes that may correlate with underlying patient biology or procedural differences at trial sites. Here we review 45 North American MSC clinical trial results published between 2015 and 2021 to assess whether these reports provide sufficient information for retrospective analysis. Trial reports routinely specify the MSC tissue source, autologous or allogeneic origin and administration route. However, most methodological aspects related to cell preparation and handling immediately prior to administration are under-reported. Clinical trial reports inconsistently provide information about cryopreservation media composition, delivery vehicle, post-thaw time and storage until administration, duration of infusion, and pre-administration viability or potency assessments. In addition, there appears to be significant variability in how cell products are formulated, handled or assessed between trials. The apparent gaps in reporting, combined with high process variability, are not sufficient for retrospective analyses that could potentially identify optimal cell preparation and handling protocols that correlate with successful intra- and inter-trial outcomes. The substantial preclinical data demonstrating that cell handling affects MSC potency highlights the need for more comprehensive clinical trial reporting of MSC conditions from expansion through delivery to support development of globally standardized protocols to efficiently advance MSCs as commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorena R. Braid
- Aurora BioSolutions Inc., Medicine Hat, AB, Canada
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Lorena R. Braid, ,
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14
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Yamada S, Yassin MA, Schwarz T, Mustafa K, Hansmann J. Optimization and Validation of a Custom-Designed Perfusion Bioreactor for Bone Tissue Engineering: Flow Assessment and Optimal Culture Environmental Conditions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:811942. [PMID: 35402393 PMCID: PMC8990132 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.811942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various perfusion bioreactor systems have been designed to improve cell culture with three-dimensional porous scaffolds, and there is some evidence that fluid force improves the osteogenic commitment of the progenitors. However, because of the unique design concept and operational configuration of each study, the experimental setups of perfusion bioreactor systems are not always compatible with other systems. To reconcile results from different systems, the thorough optimization and validation of experimental configuration are required in each system. In this study, optimal experimental conditions for a perfusion bioreactor were explored in three steps. First, an in silico modeling was performed using a scaffold geometry obtained by microCT and an expedient geometry parameterized with porosity and permeability to assess the accuracy of calculated fluid shear stress and computational time. Then, environmental factors for cell culture were optimized, including the volume of the medium, bubble suppression, and medium evaporation. Further, by combining the findings, it was possible to determine the optimal flow rate at which cell growth was supported while osteogenic differentiation was triggered. Here, we demonstrated that fluid shear stress up to 15 mPa was sufficient to induce osteogenesis, but cell growth was severely impacted by the volume of perfused medium, the presence of air bubbles, and medium evaporation, all of which are common concerns in perfusion bioreactor systems. This study emphasizes the necessity of optimization of experimental variables, which may often be underreported or overlooked, and indicates steps which can be taken to address issues common to perfusion bioreactors for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Yamada
- Centre of Translational Oral Research, Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- *Correspondence: Shuntaro Yamada, ; Jan Hansmann,
| | - Mohammed A. Yassin
- Centre of Translational Oral Research, Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Schwarz
- Translational Centre Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Centre of Translational Oral Research, Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Hansmann
- Translational Centre Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Würzburg, Germany
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department Electrical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Würzburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Shuntaro Yamada, ; Jan Hansmann,
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15
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Ene-Iordache B, Campiglio CE, Raimondi MT, Remuzzi A. Characterization of the Microflow Through 3D Synthetic Niche Microenvironments Hosted in a Millifluidic Bioreactor. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:799594. [PMID: 34976990 PMCID: PMC8718690 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.799594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Development of new medicines is a lengthy process with high risk of failure since drug efficacy measured in vitro is difficult to confirm in vivo. Intended to add a new tool aiding drug discovery, the MOAB-NICHOID device was developed: a miniaturized optically accessible bioreactor (MOAB) housing the 3D engineered scaffold NICHOID. The aim of our study was to characterize the microflow through the 3D nichoid microenvironment hosted in the MOAB-NICHOID device. Methods: We used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to compute the flow field inside a very fine grid resembling the scaffold microenvironment. Results: The microflow inside the multi-array of nichoid blocks is fed and locally influenced by the mainstream flow developed in the perfusion chamber of the device. Here we have revealed a low velocity, complex flow field with secondary, backward, or local recirculation micro-flows induced by the intricate architecture of the nichoid scaffold. Conclusion: Knowledge of the microenvironment inside the 3D nichoids allows planning of cell experiments, to regulate the transport of cells towards the scaffold substrate during seeding or the spatial delivery of nutrients and oxygen which affects cell growth and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Ene-Iordache
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Ranica, Italy
- *Correspondence: Bogdan Ene-Iordache, ; Manuela Teresa Raimondi,
| | - Chiara Emma Campiglio
- Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Dalmine, Italy
| | - Manuela Teresa Raimondi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Bogdan Ene-Iordache, ; Manuela Teresa Raimondi,
| | - Andrea Remuzzi
- Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Dalmine, Italy
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16
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Feng ZY, Zhang QY, Tan J, Xie HQ. Techniques for increasing the yield of stem cell-derived exosomes: what factors may be involved? SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:1325-1341. [PMID: 34637101 PMCID: PMC8506103 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-scale extracellular vesicles secreted by cells and constitute an important part in the cell-cell communication. The main contents of the exosomes include proteins, microRNAs, and lipids. The mechanism and safety of stem cell-derived exosomes have rendered them a promising therapeutic strategy for regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, limited yield has restrained full explication of their functions and clinical applications To address this, various attempts have been made to explore the up- and down-stream manipulations in a bid to increase the production of exosomes. This review has recapitulated factors which may influence the yield of stem cell-derived exosomes, including selection and culture of stem cells, isolation and preservation of the exosomes, and development of artificial exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yuan Feng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qing-Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hui-Qi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Med-X Center for Materials, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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17
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Tian BR, Lin WF, Zhang Y. Effects of biomechanical forces on the biological behavior of cancer stem cells. J Cancer 2021; 12:5895-5902. [PMID: 34476003 PMCID: PMC8408108 DOI: 10.7150/jca.60893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), dynamic subsets of cancer cells, are responsible for malignant progression. The unique properties of CSCs, including self-renewal, differentiation, and malignancy, closely depend on the tumor microenvironment. Mechanical components in the microenvironment, including matrix stiffness, fluid shear stress, compression and tension stress, affect the fate of CSCs and further influence the cancer process. This paper reviews recent studies of mechanical components and CSCs, and further discusses the intrinsic correlation among them. Regulatory mechanisms of mechanical microenvironment, which act on CSCs, have great potential for clinical application and provide different perspectives to drugs and treatment design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ren Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fan Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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18
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Pereira AR, Lipphaus A, Ergin M, Salehi S, Gehweiler D, Rudert M, Hansmann J, Herrmann M. Modeling of the Human Bone Environment: Mechanical Stimuli Guide Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Extracellular Matrix Interactions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4431. [PMID: 34442954 PMCID: PMC8398413 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In bone tissue engineering, the design of in vitro models able to recreate both the chemical composition, the structural architecture, and the overall mechanical environment of the native tissue is still often neglected. In this study, we apply a bioreactor system where human bone-marrow hMSCs are seeded in human femoral head-derived decellularized bone scaffolds and subjected to dynamic culture, i.e., shear stress induced by continuous cell culture medium perfusion at 1.7 mL/min flow rate and compressive stress by 10% uniaxial load at 1 Hz for 1 h per day. In silico modeling revealed that continuous medium flow generates a mean shear stress of 8.5 mPa sensed by hMSCs seeded on 3D bone scaffolds. Experimentally, both dynamic conditions improved cell repopulation within the scaffold and boosted ECM production compared with static controls. Early response of hMSCs to mechanical stimuli comprises evident cell shape changes and stronger integrin-mediated adhesion to the matrix. Stress-induced Col6 and SPP1 gene expression suggests an early hMSC commitment towards osteogenic lineage independent of Runx2 signaling. This study provides a foundation for exploring the early effects of external mechanical stimuli on hMSC behavior in a biologically meaningful in vitro environment, opening new opportunities to study bone development, remodeling, and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Pereira
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (A.R.P.); (M.E.)
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Lipphaus
- Biomechanics Research Group, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Mert Ergin
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (A.R.P.); (M.E.)
- Department of Biomaterials, Center of Energy Technology und Materials Science (TAO), University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;
| | - Sahar Salehi
- Department of Biomaterials, Center of Energy Technology und Materials Science (TAO), University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;
| | | | - Maximilian Rudert
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Jan Hansmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Marietta Herrmann
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (A.R.P.); (M.E.)
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
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19
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The role of physical cues in the development of stem cell-derived organoids. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2021; 51:105-117. [PMID: 34120215 PMCID: PMC8964551 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-021-01551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Organoids are a novel three-dimensional stem cells’ culture system that allows the in vitro recapitulation of organs/tissues structure complexity. Pluripotent and adult stem cells are included in a peculiar microenvironment consisting of a supporting structure (an extracellular matrix (ECM)-like component) and a cocktail of soluble bioactive molecules that, together, mimic the stem cell niche organization. It is noteworthy that the balance of all microenvironmental components is the most critical step for obtaining the successful development of an accurate organoid instead of an organoid with heterogeneous morphology, size, and cellular composition. Within this system, mechanical forces exerted on stem cells are collected by cellular proteins and transduced via mechanosensing—mechanotransduction mechanisms in biochemical signaling that dictate the stem cell specification process toward the formation of organoids. This review discusses the role of the environment in organoids formation and focuses on the effect of physical components on the developmental system. The work starts with a biological description of organoids and continues with the relevance of physical forces in the organoid environment formation. In this context, the methods used to generate organoids and some relevant published reports are discussed as examples showing the key role of mechanosensing–mechanotransduction mechanisms in stem cell-derived organoids.
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20
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Sun Y, Yuan Y, Wu W, Lei L, Zhang L. The effects of locomotion on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell fate: insight into mechanical regulation and bone formation. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:88. [PMID: 34001272 PMCID: PMC8130302 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) refer to a heterogeneous population of cells with the capacity for self-renewal. BMSCs have multi-directional differentiation potential and can differentiate into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes under specific microenvironment or mechanical regulation. The activities of BMSCs are closely related to bone quality. Previous studies have shown that BMSCs and their lineage-differentiated progeny (for example, osteoblasts), and osteocytes are mechanosensitive in bone. Thus, a goal of this review is to discuss how these ubiquious signals arising from mechanical stimulation are perceived by BMSCs and then how the cells respond to them. Studies in recent years reported a significant effect of locomotion on the migration, proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs, thus, contributing to our bone mass. This regulation is realized by the various intersecting signaling pathways including RhoA/Rock, IFG, BMP and Wnt signalling. The mechanoresponse of BMSCs also provides guidance for maintaining bone health by taking appropriate exercises. This review will summarize the regulatory effects of locomotion/mechanical loading on BMSCs activities. Besides, a number of signalling pathways govern MSC fate towards osteogenic or adipocytic differentiation will be discussed. The understanding of mechanoresponse of BMSCs makes the foundation for translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiu Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Le Lei
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, 55 Zhongshan Road West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, Guangdong, China.
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21
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Liy PM, Puzi NNA, Jose S, Vidyadaran S. Nitric oxide modulation in neuroinflammation and the role of mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2399-2406. [PMID: 33715528 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221997052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide is a versatile mediator formed by enzymes called nitric oxide synthases. It has numerous homeostatic functions and important roles in inflammation. Within the inflamed brain, microglia and astrocytes produce large amounts of nitric oxide during inflammation. Excessive nitric oxide causes neuronal toxicity and death and mesenchymal stem cells can be used as an approach to limit the neuronal damage caused by neuroinflammation. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy ameliorates inflammation and neuronal damage in disease models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neuroinflammatory disorders. Interestingly, we have reported that in vitro, mesenchymal stem cells themselves contribute to a rise in nitric oxide levels through microglial cues. This may be an undesirable effect and highlights a possible need to explore acellular approaches for mesenchymal stem cell therapy in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan M Liy
- Neuroinflammation Group, Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nabilah A Puzi
- Neuroinflammation Group, Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.,Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Shinsmon Jose
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Sharmili Vidyadaran
- Neuroinflammation Group, Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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22
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Kao TW, Chiou A, Lin KH, Liu YS, Lee OKS. Alteration of 3D Matrix Stiffness Regulates Viscoelasticity of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052441. [PMID: 33670996 PMCID: PMC7957533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) possess potential of bone formation and were proposed as ideal material against osteoporosis. Although interrogation of directing effect on lineage specification by physical cues has been proposed, how mechanical stimulation impacts intracellular viscoelasticity during osteogenesis remained enigmatic. Cyto-friendly 3D matrix was prepared with polyacrylamide and conjugated fibronectin. The hMSCs were injected with fluorescent beads and chemically-induced toward osteogenesis. The mechanical properties were assessed using video particle tracking microrheology. Inverted epifluorescence microscope was exploited to capture the Brownian trajectory of hMSCs. Mean square displacement was calculated and transformed into intracellular viscoelasticity. Two different stiffness of microspheres (12 kPa, 1 kPa) were established. A total of 45 cells were assessed. hMSCs possessed equivalent mechanical traits initially in the first week, while cells cultured in rigid matrix displayed significant elevation over elastic (G′) and viscous moduli (G″) on day 7 (p < 0.01) and 14 (p < 0.01). However, after two weeks, soft niches no longer stiffened hMSCs, whereas the effect by rigid substrates was consistently during the entire differentiation course. Stiffness of matrix impacted the viscoelasticity of hMSCs. Detailed recognition of how microenvironment impacts mechanical properties and differentiation of hMSCs will facilitate the advancement of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wei Kao
- Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Arthur Chiou
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Hui Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Shiuan Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Oscar Kuang-Sheng Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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23
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Jeske R, Lewis S, Tsai AC, Sanders K, Liu C, Yuan X, Li Y. Agitation in a Microcarrier-based Spinner Flask Bioreactor Modulates Homeostasis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biochem Eng J 2021; 168. [PMID: 33967591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.107947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are well known in cell therapy due to their secretion of trophic factors, multipotent differentiation potential, and ability for self-renewal. As a result, the number of clinical trials has been steadily increasing over the last decade highlighting the need for in vitro systems capable of producing large quantities of cells to meet growing demands. However, hMSCs are highly sensitive to microenvironment conditions, including shear stress caused by dynamic bioreactor systems, and can lead to alteration of cellular homeostasis. In this study, hMSCs were expanded on microcarriers within a 125 mL spinner flask bioreactor system. Our results demonstrate a three-fold expansion over seven days. Furthermore, our results show that culturing hMSCs in the microcarrier-based suspension bioreactor (compared to static planar culture) results in smaller cell size and higher levels of reactive oxidative species (ROS) and ROS regulator Sirtuin-3, which have implications on the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic pathway and metabolic homeostasis. In addition, hMSCs in the bioreactor showed the increased Prostaglandin E2 secretion as well as reduced the Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase secretion upon stimulus with interferon gamma. The results of this study provide understanding of potential hMSC physiology alterations impacted by bioreactor microenvironment during scalable production of hMSCs for biomanufacturing and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Jeske
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Shaquille Lewis
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Ang-Chen Tsai
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Kevin Sanders
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Xuegang Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States.,The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
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24
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Han TTY, Walker JT, Grant A, Dekaban GA, Flynn LE. Preconditioning Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells on Decellularized Adipose Tissue Scaffolds Within a Perfusion Bioreactor Modulates Cell Phenotype and Promotes a Pro-regenerative Host Response. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:642465. [PMID: 33816453 PMCID: PMC8012684 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.642465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies involving the delivery of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) on decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) scaffolds are a promising approach for soft tissue augmentation and reconstruction. Our lab has recently shown that culturing human ASCs on DAT scaffolds within a perfusion bioreactor prior to implantation can enhance their capacity to stimulate in vivo adipose tissue regeneration. Building from this previous work, the current study investigated the effects of bioreactor preconditioning on the ASC phenotype and secretory profile in vitro, as well as host cell recruitment following implantation in an athymic nude mouse model. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that culturing within the bioreactor increased the percentage of ASCs co-expressing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase-1 (Arg-1), as well as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), within the peripheral regions of the DAT relative to statically cultured controls. In addition, bioreactor culture altered the expression levels of a range of immunomodulatory factors in the ASC-seeded DAT. In vivo testing revealed that culturing the ASCs on the DAT within the perfusion bioreactor prior to implantation enhanced the infiltration of host CD31+ endothelial cells and CD26+ cells into the DAT implants, but did not alter CD45+F4/80+CD68+ macrophage recruitment. However, a higher fraction of the CD45+ cell population expressed the pro-regenerative macrophage marker CD163 in the bioreactor group, which may have contributed to enhanced remodeling of the scaffolds into host-derived adipose tissue. Overall, the findings support that bioreactor preconditioning can augment the capacity of human ASCs to stimulate regeneration through paracrine-mediated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Tian Y. Han
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - John T. Walker
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron Grant
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory A. Dekaban
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren E. Flynn
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Lauren E. Flynn,
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25
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Yamada S, Yassin MA, Schwarz T, Hansmann J, Mustafa K. Induction of osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells on 3D polyester-based scaffolds solely by subphysiological fluidic stimulation in a laminar flow bioreactor. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211019375. [PMID: 34262684 PMCID: PMC8243246 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211019375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The fatal determination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSC) is closely associated with mechano-environmental factors in addition to biochemical clues. The aim of this study was to induce osteogenesis in the absence of chemical stimuli using a custom-designed laminar flow bioreactor. BMSC were seeded onto synthetic microporous scaffolds and subjected to the subphysiological level of fluid flow for up to 21 days. During the perfusion, cell proliferation was significantly inhibited. There were also morphological changes, with F-actin polymerisation and upregulation of ROCK1. Notably, in BMSC subjected to flow, mRNA expression of osteogenic markers was significantly upregulated and RUNX2 was localised in the nuclei. Further, under perfusion, there was greater deposition of collagen type 1 and calcium onto the scaffolds. The results confirm that an appropriate level of fluid stimuli preconditions BMSC towards the osteoblastic lineage on 3D scaffolds in the absence of chemical stimulation, which highlights the utility of flow bioreactors in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Yamada
- Department of Clinical Dentistry,
Faculty of Medicine – Tissue engineering group, University of Bergen, Bergen,
Norway
| | - Mohammed Ahmed Yassin
- Department of Clinical Dentistry,
Faculty of Medicine – Tissue engineering group, University of Bergen, Bergen,
Norway
| | - Thomas Schwarz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate
Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Wurzburg, Bayern,
Germany
| | - Jan Hansmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate
Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Wurzburg, Bayern,
Germany
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and
Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Department Electrical Engineering,
University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry,
Faculty of Medicine – Tissue engineering group, University of Bergen, Bergen,
Norway
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26
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Han TTY, Flynn LE. Perfusion bioreactor culture of human adipose‐derived stromal cells on decellularized adipose tissue scaffolds enhances in vivo adipose tissue regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1827-1840. [DOI: 10.1002/term.3133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Tian Y. Han
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - Lauren E. Flynn
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Thompson Engineering Building The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
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27
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de Sá da Silva J, Severino P, Wodewotzky TI, Covas DT, Swiech K, Cavalheiro Marti L, Torres Suazo CA. Mesenchymal stromal cells maintain the major quality attributes when expanded in different bioreactor systems. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Bourzac C, Bensidhoum M, Pallu S, Portier H. Use of adult mesenchymal stromal cells in tissue repair: impact of physical exercise. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C642-C654. [PMID: 31241985 PMCID: PMC6850997 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00530.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise (PE) has unquestionable beneficial effects on health, which likely extend into several organ-to-cell physiological processes. At the cell scale, endogenous mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) contribute to tissue repair, although their repair capacities may be insufficient in paucicellular or severely damaged tissues. For this reason, MSC transplantation holds great promise for tissue repair. With the goals of understanding if PE has beneficial effects on MSC biology and if PE potentiates their role in tissue repair, we reviewed literature reports regarding the effects of PE on MSC properties (specifically, proliferation, differentiation, and homing) and of a combination of PE and MSC transplantation on tissue repair (specifically neural, cartilage, and muscular tissues). Contradictory results have been reported; interpretation is complicated because various and different species, cell sources, and experimental protocols, specifically exercise programs, have been used. On the basis of these data, the effects of exercise on MSC proliferation and differentiation depend on exercise characteristics (type, intensity, duration, etc.) and on the characteristics of the tissue from which the MSCs were collected. For the in vitro studies, the level of strain (and other details of the mechanical stimulus), the time elapsed between the end of exposure to strain and MSC collection, the age of the donors, as well as the passage number at which the MSCs are evaluated also play a role. The combination of PE and MSC engraftment improves neural, cartilage, and muscular tissue recovery, but it is not clear whether the effects of MSCs and exercise are additive or synergistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Bourzac
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire de Biologie, Bioingenierie et Bioimagerie Osteoarticulaires (B3OA), Paris, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire de Biologie, Bioingenierie et Bioimagerie Osteoarticulaires (B3OA), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire de Biologie, Bioingenierie et Bioimagerie Osteoarticulaires (B3OA), Paris, France
| | - Stephane Pallu
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire de Biologie, Bioingenierie et Bioimagerie Osteoarticulaires (B3OA), Paris, France
- Université d'Orléans, Le Collegium sciences et techniques (COST), Orléans, France
| | - Hugues Portier
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire de Biologie, Bioingenierie et Bioimagerie Osteoarticulaires (B3OA), Paris, France
- Université d'Orléans, Le Collegium sciences et techniques (COST), Orléans, France
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29
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Charoenpong H, Osathanon T, Pavasant P, Limjeerajarus N, Keawprachum B, Limjeerajarus CN, Cheewinthamrongrod V, Palaga T, Lertchirakarn V, Ritprajak P. Mechanical stress induced S100A7 expression in human dental pulp cells to augment osteoclast differentiation. Oral Dis 2019; 25:812-821. [PMID: 30614184 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mechanical injury of dental pulp leads to root resorption by osteoclasts/odontoclasts. S100 proteins have been demonstrated to be involved in inflammatory processes and bone remodeling. This study aimed to investigate the effect of mechanical stress on S100A7 expression by human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) and the effect of S100A7 proteins on osteoclast differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolated HDPCs were stimulated with compressive loading (2 and 6 hr), or shear loading (2, 6, and 16 hr). S100 mRNA expression and S100A7 protein levels were determined by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Osteoclast differentiation was analyzed using primary human monocytes. The differentiation and activity of osteoclasts were examined by TRAcP staining and dentine resorption. In addition, the expression of S100A7 was analyzed in pulp tissues obtained from orthodontically treated teeth. RESULTS Compressive and shear mechanical stress significantly upregulated both mRNA and protein level of S100A7. Dental pulp tissues from orthodontically treated teeth exhibited higher S100A7mRNA levels compared to non-treated control teeth. S100A7 promoted osteoclast differentiation by primary human monocytes. Moreover, S100A7 significantly enhanced dentine resorption by these cells. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical stress induced expression of S100A7 by human dental pulp cells and this may promote root resorption by inducing osteoclast differentiation and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hataichanok Charoenpong
- Graduate Program in Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Excellence Center in Regenerative Dentistry and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Excellence Center in Regenerative Dentistry and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuttapol Limjeerajarus
- Research Center for Advanced Energy Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Boonrit Keawprachum
- Research Center for Advanced Energy Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chalida N Limjeerajarus
- Excellence Center in Regenerative Dentistry and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Tanapat Palaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Veera Lertchirakarn
- Research Unit on Oral Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patcharee Ritprajak
- Oral Biology Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Research Unit on Oral Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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30
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Stavenschi E, Hoey DA. Pressure-induced mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis is dependent on intermediate filament remodeling. FASEB J 2018; 33:4178-4187. [PMID: 30550359 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801474rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Macroscale loading of bone generates a complex local mechanical microenvironment that drives osteogenesis and bone mechanoadaptation. One such mechanical stimulus generated is hydrostatic pressure (HP); however, the effect of HP on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the mechanotransduction mechanisms utilized by these cells to sense this stimulus are yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that cyclic HP is a potent mediator of cytoskeletal reorganization and increases in osteogenic responses in MSCs. In particular, we demonstrate that the intermediate filament (IF) network undergoes breakdown and reorganization with centripetal translocation of IF bundles toward the perinuclear region. Furthermore, we show for the first time that this IF remodeling is required for loading-induced MSC osteogenesis, revealing a novel mechanism of MSC mechanotransduction. In addition, we demonstrate that chemical disruption of IFs with withaferin A induces a similar mechanism of IF breakdown and remodeling as well as a subsequent increase in osteogenic gene expression in MSCs, exhibiting a potential mechanotherapeutic effect to enhance MSC osteogenesis. This study therefore highlights a novel mechanotransduction mechanism of pressure-induced MSC osteogenesis involving the understudied cytoskeletal structure, the IF, and demonstrates a potential new therapy to enhance bone formation in bone-loss diseases such as osteoporosis.-Stavenschi, E., Hoey, D. A. Pressure-induced mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis is dependent on intermediate filament remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stavenschi
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David A Hoey
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; and.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
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31
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Stavenschi E, Corrigan MA, Johnson GP, Riffault M, Hoey DA. Physiological cyclic hydrostatic pressure induces osteogenic lineage commitment of human bone marrow stem cells: a systematic study. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:276. [PMID: 30359324 PMCID: PMC6203194 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical loading is necessary to maintain bone tissue integrity. Loading-induced fluid shear is recognised as one of the most potent bone micromechanical cues and has been shown to direct stem cell osteogenesis. However, the effect of pressure transients, which drive fluid flow, on human bone marrow stem cell (hBMSC) osteogenesis is undetermined. Therefore, the objective of the study is to employ a systematic analysis of cyclic hydrostatic pressure (CHP) parameters predicted to occur in vivo on early hBMSC osteogenic responses and late-stage osteogenic lineage commitment. Methods hBMSC were exposed to CHP of 10 kPa, 100 kPa and 300 kPa magnitudes at frequencies of 0.5 Hz, 1 Hz and 2 Hz for 1 h, 2 h and 4 h of stimulation, and the effect on early osteogenic gene expression of COX2, RUNX2 and OPN was determined. Moreover, to decipher whether CHP can induce stem cell lineage commitment, hBMSCs were stimulated for 4 days for 2 h/day using 10 kPa, 100 kPa and 300 kPa pressures at 2 Hz frequency and cultured statically for an additional 1–2 weeks. Pressure-induced osteogenesis was quantified based on ATP release, collagen synthesis and mineral deposition. Results CHP elicited a positive, but variable, early osteogenic response in hBMSCs in a magnitude- and frequency-dependent manner, that is gene specific. COX2 expression elicited magnitude-dependent effects which were not present for RUNX2 or OPN mRNA expression. However, the most robust pro-osteogenic response was found at the highest magnitude (300 kPa) and frequency regimes (2 Hz). Interestingly, long-term mechanical stimulation utilising 2 Hz frequency elicited a magnitude-dependent release of ATP; however, all magnitudes promoted similar levels of collagen synthesis and significant mineral deposition, demonstrating that lineage commitment is magnitude independent. This therefore demonstrates that physiological levels of pressures, as low as 10 kPa, within the bone can drive hBMSC osteogenic lineage commitment. Conclusion Overall, these findings demonstrate an important role for cyclic hydrostatic pressure in hBMSCs and bone mechanobiology, which should be considered when studying pressure-driven fluid shear effects in hBMSCs mechanobiology. Moreover, these findings may have clinical implication in terms of bioreactor-based bone tissue engineering strategies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-1025-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stavenschi
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michele A Corrigan
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gillian P Johnson
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mathieu Riffault
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin and RCSI, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David A Hoey
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland. .,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin and RCSI, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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32
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Piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 functions as a regulator of the cell fate determination of mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17696. [PMID: 29255201 PMCID: PMC5735093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular environment regulates the dynamic behaviors of cells. However, the effects of hydrostatic pressure (HP) on cell fate determination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are not clearly understood. Here, we established a cell culture chamber to control HP. Using this system, we found that the promotion of osteogenic differentiation by HP is depend on bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) expression regulated by Piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (PIEZO1) in MSCs. The PIEZO1 was expressed and induced after HP loading in primary MSCs and MSC lines, UE7T-13 and SDP11. HP and Yoda1, an activator of PIEZO1, promoted BMP2 expression and osteoblast differentiation, whereas inhibits adipocyte differentiation. Conversely, PIEZO1 inhibition reduced osteoblast differentiation and BMP2 expression. Furthermore, Blocking of BMP2 function by noggin inhibits HP induced osteogenic maker genes expression. In addition, in an in vivo model of medaka with HP loading, HP promoted caudal fin ray development whereas inhibition of piezo1 using GsMTx4 suppressed its development. Thus, our results suggested that PIEZO1 is responsible for HP and could functions as a factor for cell fate determination of MSCs by regulating BMP2 expression.
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33
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Cerino G, Gaudiello E, Muraro MG, Eckstein F, Martin I, Scherberich A, Marsano A. Engineering of an angiogenic niche by perfusion culture of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14252. [PMID: 29079730 PMCID: PMC5660248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13882-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro recapitulation of an organotypic stromal environment, enabling efficient angiogenesis, is crucial to investigate and possibly improve vascularization in regenerative medicine. Our study aims at engineering the complexity of a vascular milieu including multiple cell-types, a stromal extracellular matrix (ECM), and molecular signals. For this purpose, the human adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF), composed of a heterogeneous mix of pericytes, endothelial/stromal progenitor cells, was cultured under direct perfusion flow on three-dimensional (3D) collagen scaffolds. Perfusion culture of SVF-cells reproducibly promoted in vitro the early formation of a capillary-like network, embedded within an ECM backbone, and the release of numerous pro-angiogenic factors. Compared to static cultures, perfusion-based engineered constructs were more rapidly vascularized and supported a superior survival of delivered cells upon in vivo ectopic implantation. This was likely mediated by pericytes, whose number was significantly higher (4.5-fold) under perfusion and whose targeted depletion resulted in lower efficiency of vascularization, with an increased host foreign body reaction. 3D-perfusion culture of SVF-cells leads to the engineering of a specialized milieu, here defined as an angiogenic niche. This system could serve as a model to investigate multi-cellular interactions in angiogenesis, and as a module supporting increased grafted cell survival in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cerino
- Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Gaudiello
- Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuele Giuseppe Muraro
- Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Eckstein
- Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Scherberich
- Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Marsano
- Departments of Biomedicine and Surgery, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
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34
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Spingarn C, Wagner D, Rémond Y, George D. Multiphysics of bone remodeling: A 2D mesoscale activation simulation. Biomed Mater Eng 2017; 28:S153-S158. [PMID: 28372290 DOI: 10.3233/bme-171636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present an evolutive trabecular model for bone remodeling based on a boundary detection algorithm accounting for both biology and applied mechanical forces, known to be an important factor in bone evolution. A finite element (FE) numerical model using the Abaqus/Standard® software was used with a UMAT subroutine to solve the governing coupled mechanical-biological non-linear differential equations of the bone evolution model. The simulations present cell activation on a simplified trabeculae configuration organization with trabecular thickness of 200µm. For this activation process, the results confirm that the trabeculae are mainly oriented in the active direction of the principal mechanical stresses and according to the principal applied mechanical load directions. The trabeculae surface activation is clearly identified and can provide understanding of the different bone cell activations in more complex geometries and load conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Spingarn
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingenieur, de l'Informatique et de l'Imagerie (Icube), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - D Wagner
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingenieur, de l'Informatique et de l'Imagerie (Icube), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France.,Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Y Rémond
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingenieur, de l'Informatique et de l'Imagerie (Icube), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - D George
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingenieur, de l'Informatique et de l'Imagerie (Icube), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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35
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Huselstein C, Rahouadj R, de Isla N, Bensoussan D, Stoltz JF, Li YP. Mechanobiology of mesenchymal stem cells: Which interest for cell-based treatment? Biomed Mater Eng 2017; 28:S47-S56. [PMID: 28372277 DOI: 10.3233/bme-171623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to their immune properties, the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are a promising source for cell therapy. Current clinical trials show that MSC administrated to patients can treat different diseases (graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), liver cirrhosis, systemic lupus, erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, type I diabetes…). In this case, the most common mode of cell administration is the intravenous injection, and the hemodynamic environment of cells induced by blood circulation could interfere on their behavior during the migration and homing towards the injured site. After a brief review of the mechanobiology concept, this paper will help in understanding how the mechanical environment could interact with MSC behavior once they are injected to patient in cell-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Huselstein
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.,FR3209 CNRS BMCT - Bio-Ingénierie Moléculaire Cellulaire et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, F-54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - R Rahouadj
- Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.,UMR 7563 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, LEMTA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - N de Isla
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.,FR3209 CNRS BMCT - Bio-Ingénierie Moléculaire Cellulaire et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, F-54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - D Bensoussan
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.,FR3209 CNRS BMCT - Bio-Ingénierie Moléculaire Cellulaire et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, F-54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,CHU de Nancy, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, banque de Tissus, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - J F Stoltz
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France.,FR3209 CNRS BMCT - Bio-Ingénierie Moléculaire Cellulaire et Thérapeutique, Faculté de Médecine, F-54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Y P Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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36
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George D, Spingarn C, Dissaux C, Nierenberger M, Rahman RA, Rémond Y. Examples of multiscale and multiphysics numerical modeling of biological tissues. Biomed Mater Eng 2017; 28:S15-S27. [DOI: 10.3233/bme-171621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel George
- ICube Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- International Center MEMOCS, University del Aquila, Palazzo Caetani, Cisterna di Latina, Italy
| | - Camille Spingarn
- ICube Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Caroline Dissaux
- Service of Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Stomatology, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1 place de l’Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathieu Nierenberger
- ICube Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Yves Rémond
- ICube Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- International Center MEMOCS, University del Aquila, Palazzo Caetani, Cisterna di Latina, Italy
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37
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Wagner D, Bolender Y, Rémond Y, George D. Mechanical equilibrium of forces and moments applied on orthodontic brackets of a dental arch: Correlation with literature data on two and three adjacent teeth. Biomed Mater Eng 2017; 28:S169-S177. [DOI: 10.3233/bme-171638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Wagner
- ICube Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Strasbourg, 8 rue Sainte-Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Bolender
- Faculty of Dental Surgery, University of Strasbourg, 8 rue Sainte-Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Rémond
- ICube Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel George
- ICube Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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38
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Wagner D, Bolender Y, Rémond Y, George D. Experimental quantification of the mechanical forces and moments applied on three adjacent orthodontic brackets. Biomed Mater Eng 2017; 28:S179-S184. [DOI: 10.3233/bme-171639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Wagner
- Laboratoire ICube, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, UF 8602, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Bolender
- Faculté de chirurgie dentaire, UF 8602, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Rémond
- Laboratoire ICube, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel George
- Laboratoire ICube, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
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39
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Stavenschi E, Labour MN, Hoey DA. Oscillatory fluid flow induces the osteogenic lineage commitment of mesenchymal stem cells: The effect of shear stress magnitude, frequency, and duration. J Biomech 2017; 55:99-106. [PMID: 28256244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A potent regulator of bone anabolism is physical loading. However, it is currently unclear whether physical stimuli such as fluid shear within the marrow cavity is sufficient to directly drive the osteogenic lineage commitment of resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Therefore, the objective of the study is to employ a systematic analysis of oscillatory fluid flow (OFF) parameters predicted to occur in vivo on early MSC osteogenic responses and late stage lineage commitment. MSCs were exposed to OFF of 1Pa, 2Pa and 5Pa magnitudes at frequencies of 0.5Hz, 1Hz and 2Hz for 1h, 2h and 4h of stimulation. Our findings demonstrate that OFF elicits a positive osteogenic response in MSCs in a shear stress magnitude, frequency, and duration dependent manner that is gene specific. Based on the mRNA expression of osteogenic markers Cox2, Runx2 and Opn after short-term fluid flow stimulation, we identified that a regime of 2Pa shear magnitude and 2Hz frequency induces the most robust and reliable upregulation in osteogenic gene expression. Furthermore, long-term mechanical stimulation utilising this regime, elicits a significant increase in collagen and mineral deposition when compared to static control demonstrating that mechanical stimuli predicted within the marrow is sufficient to directly drive osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stavenschi
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Dept. of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Marie-Noelle Labour
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Dept. of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - David A Hoey
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Dept. of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Dept. of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Limerick, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin & RCSI, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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40
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Campos Marin A, Grossi T, Bianchi E, Dubini G, Lacroix D. 2D µ-Particle Image Velocimetry and Computational Fluid Dynamics Study Within a 3D Porous Scaffold. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 45:1341-1351. [PMID: 27957607 PMCID: PMC5397455 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Transport properties of 3D scaffolds under fluid flow are critical for tissue development. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models can resolve 3D flows and nutrient concentrations in bioreactors at the scaffold-pore scale with high resolution. However, CFD models can be formulated based on assumptions and simplifications. μ-Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements should be performed to improve the reliability and predictive power of such models. Nevertheless, measuring fluid flow velocities within 3D scaffolds is challenging. The aim of this study was to develop a μPIV approach to allow the extraction of velocity fields from a 3D additive manufacturing scaffold using a conventional 2D μPIV system. The μ-computed tomography scaffold geometry was included in a CFD model where perfusion conditions were simulated. Good agreement was found between velocity profiles from measurements and computational results. Maximum velocities were found at the centre of the pore using both techniques with a difference of 12% which was expected according to the accuracy of the μPIV system. However, significant differences in terms of velocity magnitude were found near scaffold substrate due to scaffold brightness which affected the μPIV measurements. As a result, the limitations of the μPIV system only permits a partial validation of the CFD model. Nevertheless, the combination of both techniques allowed a detailed description of velocity maps within a 3D scaffold which is crucial to determine the optimal cell and nutrient transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Campos Marin
- Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Pam Liversidge Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - T Grossi
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E Bianchi
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - G Dubini
- Laboratory of Biological Structure Mechanics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - D Lacroix
- Insigneo Institute for in silico Medicine, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Pam Liversidge Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
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Hadden WJ, Choi YS. The extracellular microscape governs mesenchymal stem cell fate. J Biol Eng 2016; 10:16. [PMID: 27895704 PMCID: PMC5117578 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-016-0037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Each cell forever interacts with its extracellular matrix (ECM); a stem cell relies on this interaction to guide differentiation. The stiffness, nanotopography, protein composition, stress and strain inherent to any given ECM influences stem cell lineage commitment. This interaction is dynamic, multidimensional and reciprocally evolving through time, and from this concerted exchange the macroscopic tissues that comprise living organisms are formed. Mesenchymal stem cells can give rise to bone, cartilage, tendon and muscle; thus attempts to manipulate their differentiation must heed the physical properties of incredibly complex native microenvironments to realize regenerative goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Hadden
- University of Sydney Medical School & Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Yu Suk Choi
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Entrance 2, Hackett Dr, M309, Level 1, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
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Effects of Mechanical Stretch on Cell Proliferation and Matrix Formation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Fibroblast. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9842075. [PMID: 27525012 PMCID: PMC4976179 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9842075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and fibroblasts are two major seed cells for ligament tissue engineering. To understand the effects of mechanical stimulation on these cells and to develop effective approaches for cell therapy, it is necessary to investigate the biological effects of various mechanical loading conditions on cells. In this study, fibroblasts and MSCs were tested and compared under a novel Uniflex/Bioflex culture system that might mimic mechanical strain in ligament tissue. The cells were uniaxially or radially stretched with different strains (5%, 10%, and 15%) at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 Hz. The cell proliferation and collagen production were compared to find the optimal parameters. The results indicated that uniaxial stretch (15% at 0.5 Hz; 10% at 1.0 Hz) showed positive effects on fibroblast. The uniaxial strains (5%, 10%, and 15%) at 0.5 Hz and 10% strain at 1.0 Hz were favorable for MSCs. Radial strain did not have significant effect on fibroblast. On the contrary, the radial strains (5%, 10%, and 15%) at 0.1 Hz had positive effects on MSCs. This study suggested that fibroblasts and MSCs had their own appropriate mechanical stimulatory parameters. These specific parameters potentially provide fundamental knowledge for future cell-based ligament regeneration.
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