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Synthetic periphyton as a model system to understand species dynamics in complex microbial freshwater communities. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:61. [PMID: 35869094 PMCID: PMC9307524 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00322-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPhototrophic biofilms, also known as periphyton, are microbial freshwater communities that drive crucial ecological processes in streams and lakes. Gaining a deep mechanistic understanding of the biological processes occurring in natural periphyton remains challenging due to the high complexity and variability of such communities. To address this challenge, we rationally developed a workflow to construct a synthetic community by co-culturing 26 phototrophic species (i.e., diatoms, green algae, and cyanobacteria) that were inoculated in a successional sequence to create a periphytic biofilm on glass slides. We show that this community is diverse, stable, and highly reproducible in terms of microbial composition, function, and 3D spatial structure of the biofilm. We also demonstrate the ability to monitor microbial dynamics at the single species level during periphyton development and how their abundances are impacted by stressors such as increased temperature and a herbicide, singly and in combination. Overall, such a synthetic periphyton, grown under controlled conditions, can be used as a model system for theory testing through targeted manipulation.
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Bondar-Kunze E, Kasper V, Hein T. Responses of periphyton communities to abrupt changes in water temperature and velocity, and the relevance of morphology: A mesocosm approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:145200. [PMID: 33736353 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Sudden instream releases of water from hydropower plants (hydropeaking [HP]) can cause abrupt temperature variations (thermopeaking [TP]), typically on a daily/sub-daily basis. In alpine rivers, hydropeaking and thermopeaking waves usually overlap, which leads to a multiple stressor of flow velocity pulses and temperature alteration. Periphytic communities could give important insights into the effects of combined thermo- and hydropeaking (THP) in stream ecosystems. Thus, the study's first aim was to assess the combined effects of thermo-hydropeaking on structural (composition, biomass) and functional (photosynthesis, enzyme activity) properties of periphyton. The second aim was to assess the interaction between periphytic algae and the heterotrophic communities (bacteria) and determine how biotic and abiotic factors explain the variability of bacterial enzymatic activities in the periphyton. We assessed the effects of repeated cold and warm thermo-hydropeaking for 24 days on periphyton, by manipulating discharge and temperature in six experimental flumes directly fed by an Alpine stream. Our study revealed that THP had structural and functional effects on periphyton in oligotrophic streams, where the effects depending on the direction of the temperature change (cold/warm) and on the morphological setting (pool/riffle). The results showed that even a short-term increase in flow velocity and temperature decrease could induce better growth conditions for diatoms. Additionally, an increase in the interaction between periphytic algae and bacteria during thermo-hydropeaking was also shown, this coupling being more pronounced in pool than in riffle sections. Our results clearly showed that riffle sections develop less periphytic algal biomass and activity and therefore, THP can reduce biomass availability for primary consumers in large areas of impacted streams. These findings highlight the importance of mitigation measures, focusing on establishing heterogeneous stream bed areas, with frequent pool and riffle sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Bondar-Kunze
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz - biologische Station, Lunz am See, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Prom. 5, A-3293 Lunz/See, Austria.
| | - Veronica Kasper
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz - biologische Station, Lunz am See, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Prom. 5, A-3293 Lunz/See, Austria
| | - Thomas Hein
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz - biologische Station, Lunz am See, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Prom. 5, A-3293 Lunz/See, Austria
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Park J, Bergey EA, Han T, Pandey LK. Diatoms as indicators of environmental health on Korean islands. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 227:105594. [PMID: 32911329 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are highly sensitive to perturbations in their environment and are thus useful as bioindicators for anthropogenic impacts such as pollution. However, there is no consensus about what aspects of diatom populations to measure (e.g., diversity, physiology, or morphology) and efficient and reliable survey protocols are lacking. Here, we evaluated the ecological status of diatom communities using both traditional and relatively novel methods on two islands (Deokjeok island and Daeijak island) affected by anthropogenic activities due to extensive agricultural practices and exploitation and that are under consideration for representative touristic sites in South Korea. Dissolved concentrations of metals and metalloid (As, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni, Hg, Pb, and Zn) were below the ecological screening and toxicity reference values in water fractions but were above these values for sediment, particularly at one island, Deokjeok. The tested methods were generally consistent in finding little evidence for disruption of diatom communities, with dominance by Navicula and Gyrosigma, relatively high diversity, and typical abundance of lipid bodies and morphological deformities. However, analysis of lipid bodies and morphological deformities suggested greater potential anthropogenic disturbance at one site in Deokjeok. Future planning is required to ensure the maintenance of the near-pristine environments present on these islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihae Park
- Department of Environmental Technology, Food Technology and Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunwha-ro, Incheon, 21985, South Korea
| | - Elizabeth A Bergey
- Oklahoma Biological Survey and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Taejun Han
- Department of Environmental Technology, Food Technology and Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Songdomunwha-ro, Incheon, 21985, South Korea; Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, 119, Academy-ro, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Lalit K Pandey
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, 119, Academy-ro, Incheon 22012, South Korea; Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, 243006, India.
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Mazzei V, Wilson BJ, Servais S, Charles SP, Kominoski JS, Gaiser EE. Periphyton as an indicator of saltwater intrusion into freshwater wetlands: insights from experimental manipulations. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02067. [PMID: 31872508 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Saltwater intrusion has particularly large impacts on karstic wetlands of the Caribbean Basin due to their porous, carbonate bedrock and low elevation. Increases in salinity and phosphorus (P) accompanying saltwater intrusion into these freshwater, P-limited wetlands are expected to alter biogeochemical cycles along with the structure and function of plant and algal communities. Calcareous periphyton is a characteristic feature of karstic wetlands and plays a central role in trophic dynamics, carbon storage, and nutrient cycling. Periphyton is extremely sensitive to water quality and quantity, but the effects of saltwater intrusion on these microbial mats remain to be understood. We conducted an ex situ mesocosm experiment to test the independent and combined effects of elevated salinity and P on the productivity, nutrient content, and diatom composition of calcareous periphyton from the Florida Everglades. We measured periphyton total carbon, nitrogen, and P concentrations and used settlement plates to measure periphyton accumulation rates and diatom species composition. The light and dark bottle method was used to measure periphyton productivity and respiration. We found that exposure to ~1 g P·m-2 ·yr-1 significantly increased periphyton mat total P concentrations, but had no effect on any other response variable. Mats exposed to elevated salinity (~22 kg salt·m-2 ·yr-1 ) had significantly lower total carbon and tended to have lower biomass and reduced productivity and respiration rates; however, mats exposed to salinity and P simultaneously had greater gross and net productivity. We found strong diatom species dissimilarity between fresh- and saltwater-treated periphyton, while P additions only elicited compositional changes in periphyton also treated with saltwater. This study contributes to our understanding of how the ecologically important calcareous periphyton mats unique to karstic, freshwater wetlands respond to increased salinity and P caused saltwater intrusion and provides a guide to diatom indicator taxa for these two important environmental drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Mazzei
- Department of Biological Sciences and Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Benjamin J Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Shelby Servais
- Department of Biological Sciences and Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Sean P Charles
- Department of Biological Sciences and Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - John S Kominoski
- Department of Biological Sciences and Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Evelyn E Gaiser
- Department of Biological Sciences and Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
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Krichen E, Rapaport A, Le Floc'h E, Fouilland E. Demonstration of facilitation between microalgae to face environmental stress. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16076. [PMID: 31690754 PMCID: PMC6831635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive interactions such as facilitation play an important role during the biological colonization and species succession in harsh or changing environments. However, the direct evidence of such ecological interaction in microbial communities remains rare. Using common freshwater microalgae isolated from a High Rate Algal Pond HRAP treating wastewaters, we investigated with both experimental and modeling approaches the direct facilitation between two algal strains during the colonization phase. Our results demonstrate that the first colonization by microalgae under a severe chemical condition arose from the rapid growth of pioneer species such as Chlorella sorokiniana, which facilitated the subsequent colonization of low growth specialists such as Scenedesmus pectinatus. The pioneer species rapidly depleted the total available ammonia nitrogen favoring the specialist species initially inhibited by free ammonia toxicity. This latter species ultimately dominated the algal community through competitive exclusion under low nutrient conditions. We show that microbial successions are not only regulated by climatic conditions but also by interactions between species based on the ability to modify their growth conditions. We suggest that facilitation within the aquatic microbial communities is a widespread ecological interaction under a vast range of environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Krichen
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Sète, France
- MISTEA, Univ. Montpellier, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- ADEME, Agence de l'environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie, 20 avenue du Grésillé, BP 90406, 49004, Angers, Cedex 01, France
| | - Alain Rapaport
- MISTEA, Univ. Montpellier, INRA, SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Eric Fouilland
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Sète, France.
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Katano I, Doi H. Effects of stream grazers with different functional traits on the spatial heterogeneity of periphyton mats. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6747. [PMID: 31205820 PMCID: PMC6556102 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Grazing activity on periphytic mats determines mat structure and spatial heterogeneity. Spatial complexity in stream periphyton is highly divergent and may depend on the functional traits of the different primary consumers species (i.e., grazers) such as mouthpart morphology, feeding behavior, and feeding activity. We evaluated the effect of grazing by three species having different functional traits on periphytic mat structure with a focus on mohthpart morphology. Methods An enclosure experiment was conducted in a stream located in the Nara Prefecture of Japan using two caddisflies with scraping mouthparts, Micrasema quadriloba and Glossosoma, and one mayfly, Epeorus, with brushing mouthparts. The spatial heterogeneity of chlorophyll a(Chl a) was evaluated, and the periphytic mat was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after a 12-d feeding experiment. Results Our results showed the differences in the spatial heterogeneity of the periphytic mats, such as differences in Chl a levels, grazed by the different grazing species. The strongest effect on the spatial heterogeneity and periphytic abundance was observed for Micrasema quadriloba, a caddisfly species with scraping mouthparts. Epeorus mayfly, with brushing mouthparts and high-mobility behavior, produced the weakest effect on spatial heterogeneity. Glossosoma caddisflies had moderate effects on periphytic spatial heterogeneity and abundance. Our results suggest that differences in grazing effects are largely dependent on grazer mouthparts and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Katano
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan.,KYOUSEI Science Center for Life and Nature, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Doi
- Graduate School of Simulation Studies, University of Hyogo, Kobe, Japan
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Salmaso F, Quadroni S, Compare S, Gentili G, Crosa G. Benthic diatoms as bioindicators of environmental alterations in different watercourses of northern Italy. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:158. [PMID: 30758677 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to evaluate the effects of different environmental factors (i.e., geographical, chemical, and hydrological) on benthic diatoms at 34 sites located in 13 watercourses of northern Italy, and to highlight possible misclassifications of the ecological status of watercourses, sensu Water Framework Directive, related to the normative index currently adopted in Italy (ICMi). The analysis of both the taxonomical and functional composition of diatom communities confirmed the presence of differences in terms of taxonomical richness, diversity, and taxa assemblages, associated to the altitude and the geological characteristics of the investigated watercourses. Moreover, the data analysis revealed differences due to chemical and hydrological alterations. Specifically, our results showed a clear link among these environmental perturbations and the communities' functional composition expressed through the use of ecological guilds. High abundance and richness of motile diatoms were detected in sites characterized by nutrient enrichment, while high abundance of low-profile diatoms was linked to hydrological alteration. In contrast, these anthropogenic perturbations were not detected by the ICMi, which ranked more than 90% of the analyzed samples in the highest quality class. This study stresses the need for a different approach in diatom data interpretation in order to achieve reliable information about the ecological status of watercourses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Salmaso
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via JH Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy.
| | - Silvia Quadroni
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via GB Vico 46, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Stefania Compare
- GRAIA srl, Via Repubblica 1, Varano Borghi, 21020, Varese, Italy
| | - Gaetano Gentili
- GRAIA srl, Via Repubblica 1, Varano Borghi, 21020, Varese, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Crosa
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via JH Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
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8
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Why Do We Need to Document and Conserve Foundation Species in Freshwater Wetlands? WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11020265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Foundation species provide habitat to other organisms and enhance ecosystem functions, such as nutrient cycling, carbon storage and sequestration, and erosion control. We focus on freshwater wetlands because these ecosystems are often characterized by foundation species; eutrophication and other environmental changes may cause the loss of some of these species, thus severely damaging wetland ecosystems. To better understand how wetland primary producer foundation species support other species and ecosystem functions across environmental gradients, we reviewed ~150 studies in subtropical, boreal, and temperate freshwater wetlands. We look at how the relative dominance of conspicuous and well-documented species (i.e., sawgrass, benthic diatoms and cyanobacteria, Sphagnum mosses, and bald cypress) and the foundational roles they play interact with hydrology, nutrient availability, and exposure to fire and salinity in representative wetlands. Based on the evidence analyzed, we argue that the foundation species concept should be more broadly applied to include organisms that regulate ecosystems at different spatial scales, notably the microscopic benthic algae that critically support associated communities and mediate freshwater wetlands’ ecosystem functioning. We give recommendations on how further research efforts can be prioritized to best inform the conservation of foundation species and of the freshwater wetlands they support.
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Cibils‐Martina L, Márquez JA, Gari EN, Albariño RJ, Principe RE. Disentangling grazing and light controls on algal communities in grassland and afforested streams. Ecol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Cibils‐Martina
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC) Córdoba Argentina
- CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Javier A. Márquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC) Córdoba Argentina
- CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Elena Noemí Gari
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC) Córdoba Argentina
| | - Ricardo J. Albariño
- CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
- Laboratorio de Fotobiología, INIBIOMA Universidad Nacional del Comahue CONICET Bariloche Argentina
| | - Romina E. Principe
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC) Córdoba Argentina
- CONICET Buenos Aires Argentina
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Spatial-temporal characteristics of epilithic algae succession on artificial substrata in relation to water quality in Erhai Lake, Yunnan Province, China. Biologia (Bratisl) 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-018-0100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Muthukrishnan T, Dobretsov S, De Stefano M, Abed RMM, Kidd B, Finnie AA. Diatom communities on commercial biocidal fouling control coatings after one year of immersion in the marine environment. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 129:102-112. [PMID: 28499739 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the effect of commercial biocidal fouling control coatings on fouling diatom communities and their growth forms after long periods of exposure in the marine tropical environment. The current study investigated the abundance and composition of fouling diatom communities developed on 11 commercially available biocidal antifouling coatings, covering the three main technology types in recent historic use (Self-Polishing Copolymers, Self-Polishing Hybrid and Controlled Depletion Polymers) after one year of static immersion at two locations in Muscat, Oman (Marina Shangri La and Marina Bandar Rowdha). Light microscopy demonstrated that the total abundance of diatoms and the relative abundance of growth forms were significantly affected by the choice of biocidal antifouling coating and experimental location. Using scanning electron microscopy, a total of 21 diatom genera were identified which were grouped into adnate, motile, plocon and erect growth forms. The adnate growth forms, mainly the genera Amphora, Cocconeis and Mastogloia, dominated the other growth forms in terms of their relative abundance. Current results revealed the importance of exposure location and choice of biocidal antifouling coating on the relative abundance of diatom growth forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirumahal Muthukrishnan
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Sergey Dobretsov
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 34, Al Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman; Center of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 50, Al Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman.
| | - Mario De Stefano
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, The Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, 80127, Caserta, Italy
| | - Raeid M M Abed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 36, Al Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Barry Kidd
- AkzoNobel/International Paint Ltd., Stoneygate Lane, Felling, Gateshead, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair A Finnie
- AkzoNobel/International Paint Ltd., Stoneygate Lane, Felling, Gateshead, United Kingdom
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12
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Succession of algal communities in headwaters: a comparison of pine afforested and natural grassland streams. Ecol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-017-1455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Gillett ND, Oudsema ME, Steinman AD. Live diatoms as indicators of urban stormwater runoff. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:37. [PMID: 28013476 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Diatom bioassessment of streams/rivers does not distinguish between live (cells with intact chloroplasts) and dead (empty cells) individuals, even though most diatom samples collected from the field will be composed of a mixture of both. This study aimed to evaluate whether percentage of live diatoms (PLD), live diatom density and chlorophyll a, and diatom species compositions can be used as indicators of hydrologic disturbance in an urban stream. We deployed artificial substrates on a monthly basis and collected periphyton samples weekly over the course of one calendar year (n = 182) in three tributaries of urbanized Ruddiman Creek (Michigan, USA). We also collected samples before and after six major storm events (>0.5 cm rain). We found no temporal patterns in PLD (Mann-Kendall test p > 0.05) or species composition (non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination), which may be explained by a diatom composition already tolerant to frequent disturbance. There was no difference in PLD before and after storm events, which might partially be explained by their disturbance resistance due to different assemblage ages (1, 2, and 4 weeks old) before the storms. High flow had differential effects on diatom species; loosely attached Navicula and Nitzschia species were more easily removed compared to stalk-forming Gomphonema parvulum. The most important environmental variable that was found to affect live diatom density and chlorophyll was stream width, which has an indirect effect (as a measure of discharge) on periphyton assemblages. In conclusion, PLD was found to be unsuitable metric for assessing stormwater runoff in urban streams where periphyton may not have enough time to form mature communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia D Gillett
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 740 West Shoreline Drive, Muskegon, MI, 49441, USA.
- Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR, 97207, USA.
| | - Maggie E Oudsema
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 740 West Shoreline Drive, Muskegon, MI, 49441, USA
| | - Alan D Steinman
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 740 West Shoreline Drive, Muskegon, MI, 49441, USA
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Leinweber K, Kroth PG. Capsules of the diatom Achnanthidium minutissimum arise from fibrillar precursors and foster attachment of bacteria. PeerJ 2015; 3:e858. [PMID: 25834772 PMCID: PMC4380156 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Achnanthidium minutissimum is a benthic freshwater diatom that forms biofilms on submerged surfaces in aquatic environments. Within these biofilms, A. minutissimum cells produce extracellular structures which facilitate substrate adhesion, such as stalks and capsules. Both consist of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), but the microstructure and development stages of the capsules are so far unknown, despite a number of hypotheses about their function, including attachment and protection. We coupled scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to bright-field microscopy (BFM) and found that A. minutissimum capsules mostly possess an unstructured surface. However, capsule material that was mechanically stressed by being stretched between or around cells displayed fibrillar substructures. Fibrils were also found on the frustules of non-encapsulated cells, implicating that A. minutissimum capsules may develop from fibrillar precursors. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy revealed that the capsule material do not contain silicon, distinguishing it from the frustule material. We furthermore show that bacteria preferentially attach to capsules, instead of non-encapsulated A. minutissimum cells, which supports the idea that capsules mediate diatom-bacteria interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Leinweber
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology , Germany ; Zukunftskolleg at the University of Konstanz , Germany ; Biology Department, University of Konstanz , Germany
| | - Peter G Kroth
- Biology Department, University of Konstanz , Germany
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15
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Heterotrophic growth of microalgae: metabolic aspects. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 31:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1773-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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16
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Bayona Y, Roucaute M, Cailleaud K, Lagadic L, Bassères A, Caquet T. Structural and biological trait responses of diatom assemblages to organic chemicals in outdoor flow-through mesocosms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 192:186-195. [PMID: 24955527 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of diatom taxonomy and trait-based endpoints to chemicals has been poorly used so far in Environmental Risk Assessment. In this study, diatom assemblages in outdoor flow-through mesocosms were exposed to thiram (35 and 170 μg/L), and a hydrocarbon emulsion (HE; 0.01, 0.4, 2 and 20 mg/L). The effects of exposure were assessed for 12 weeks, including 9 weeks post-treatment, using taxonomic structure and diversity, bioindication indices, biological traits, functional diversity indices, indicator classes and ecological guilds. For both chemicals, diversity increased after the treatment period, and responses of ecological traits were roughly identical with an abundance increase of motile taxa tolerant to organic pollution and decrease of low profile taxa. Bioindication indices were not affected. Traits provided a complementary approach to biomass measurements and taxonomic descriptors, leading to a more comprehensive overview of ecological changes due to organic chemicals, including short- and long-term effects on biofilm structure and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Bayona
- INRA, UMR985 Écologie et Santé des Écosystèmes, Équipe Écotoxicologie et Qualité des Milieux Aquatiques, Agrocampus Ouest, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, F-35042 Rennes, France; Service Environnement, TOTAL, Pôle d'Etude et de Recherche de Lacq, RN 117, BP 47, F-64170 Lacq, France.
| | - Marc Roucaute
- INRA, UMR985 Écologie et Santé des Écosystèmes, Équipe Écotoxicologie et Qualité des Milieux Aquatiques, Agrocampus Ouest, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Kevin Cailleaud
- Service Environnement, TOTAL, Pôle d'Etude et de Recherche de Lacq, RN 117, BP 47, F-64170 Lacq, France
| | - Laurent Lagadic
- INRA, UMR985 Écologie et Santé des Écosystèmes, Équipe Écotoxicologie et Qualité des Milieux Aquatiques, Agrocampus Ouest, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Anne Bassères
- Service Environnement, TOTAL, Pôle d'Etude et de Recherche de Lacq, RN 117, BP 47, F-64170 Lacq, France
| | - Thierry Caquet
- INRA, UMR985 Écologie et Santé des Écosystèmes, Équipe Écotoxicologie et Qualité des Milieux Aquatiques, Agrocampus Ouest, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, F-35042 Rennes, France
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The effect of light direction and suspended cell concentrations on algal biofilm growth rates. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:8553-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Comparative analysis of the interaction between habitat and growth form in diatoms. ISME JOURNAL 2014; 9:246-55. [PMID: 24983594 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We characterized the evolutionary history of growth form (solitary-colonial) and its interaction with species' habitat (planktonic-benthic) across a multi-gene phylogeny encompassing a broad sample of the order-level diversity of diatoms. We treated these characters broadly, modeling the evolution of aggregation of cells into a colony irrespective of the way aggregation is achieved, and relating the growth form to a broad concept of niche location: in the plankton or benthos. The results showed that habitat shifts are rare implying conservatism in niche location at the level of large clades. On the other hand, the evolutionary history of growth form is more dynamic with evolutionary rates that vary across the tree. Analyses of a possible interaction revealed that shifts in growth form are independent of habitat and that traversing between habitats does not hinge upon species' growth form. Our findings help to fill a gap in the understanding of diatom niche and growth form macroevolution and contribute toward a platform for the comparative study of the mechanisms underlying diatom species and functional diversity.
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Law RJ. A Review of the Function and uses of, and Factors Affecting, Stream Phytobenthos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1608/frj-4.1.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Peterson CG, Daley AD, Pechauer SM, Kalscheur KN, Sullivan MJ, Kufta SL, Rojas M, Gray KA, Kelly JJ. Development of associations between microalgae and denitrifying bacteria in streams of contrasting anthropogenic influence. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2011; 77:477-92. [PMID: 21585403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the development of microalgal and bacterial-denitrifier communities within biofilms over 28 days in a restored-prairie stream (RP) and a stream receiving treated wastewater effluent (DER). Inorganic nutrient concentrations were an order of magnitude greater in DER, and stream waters differed in the quality of dissolved organics (characterized via pyrolysis-GC/MS). Biofilm biomass and the densities of algae and bacteria increased over time in both systems; however, algal and denitrifier community composition and the patterns of development differed between systems. Specifically, algal and denitrifier taxonomic composition stabilized more quickly in DER than RP, whereas the rates of algal and denitrifier succession were more closely coupled in RP than DER. We hypothesize that, under unenriched conditions, successional changes in algal assemblages influence bacterial denitrifiers due to their dependence on algal exudates, while under enriched conditions, this relationship is decoupled. Between-system differences in organic signatures supported this, as RP biofilms contained more labile, aliphatic compounds than DER. In addition, potential denitrification rates (DNP) were negatively correlated with the percentage of aromatic compounds within the biofilm organic signatures, suggesting a significant relationship between algal exudate composition and denitrification. These results are significant because anthropogenic factors that affect biofilm community composition may alter their capacity to perform critical ecosystem services.
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Gillett ND, Pan Y, Manoylov KM, Stancheva R, Weilhoefer CL. THE POTENTIAL INDICATOR VALUE OF RARE TAXA RICHNESS IN DIATOM-BASED STREAM BIOASSESSMENT 1. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2011; 47:471-482. [PMID: 27021976 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.00993.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite their recognized contribution to species richness, the importance of rare taxa richness in bioassessment is unclear. This study aimed to characterize the environmental factors affecting the number of rare diatom taxa in western U.S. streams and rivers, and to evaluate whether this number can be used to differentiate streams with contrasting human disturbance. Three different categories of rare taxa were used: satellite (taxa with low occurrence and low abundance), rural (taxa with high occurrence and low abundance), and urban (taxa with low occurrence and high abundance). Common taxa were included as a separate category of core taxa (taxa with high occurrence and high abundance). We analyzed 987 diatom samples collected over the period of 5 years (2000-2004) for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Western Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (WEMAP). The results showed that rural taxa richness (number of rural taxa per site) increased along a longitudinal gradient from mountainous, fast-flowing oligotrophic streams with fewer fine substrates to large, slow-moving, nutrient-rich rivers with abundance of fine substrates. Rural taxa richness was the only rarity metric that distinguished least disturbed (reference) sites from the most disturbed (impacted) sites, but it was significantly different only in the mountains ecoregion. Core taxa richness distinguished reference from impacted sites in the West and in each one of the three ecoregions (mountains, plains, and xeric). Our findings revealed that rural taxa richness can be used as an indicator of human disturbance in streams/rivers, especially in the mountains ecoregion, and that rarity definition is important in bioassessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda D Gillett
- Environmental Sciences and Management, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207, USADepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, Georgia 31061, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, California 92096, USADepartment of Biology, North Central College, Naperville, Illinois 60540, USA
| | - Yangdong Pan
- Environmental Sciences and Management, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207, USADepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, Georgia 31061, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, California 92096, USADepartment of Biology, North Central College, Naperville, Illinois 60540, USA
| | - Kalina M Manoylov
- Environmental Sciences and Management, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207, USADepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, Georgia 31061, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, California 92096, USADepartment of Biology, North Central College, Naperville, Illinois 60540, USA
| | - Rosalina Stancheva
- Environmental Sciences and Management, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207, USADepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, Georgia 31061, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, California 92096, USADepartment of Biology, North Central College, Naperville, Illinois 60540, USA
| | - Christine L Weilhoefer
- Environmental Sciences and Management, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207, USADepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, Georgia 31061, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, California 92096, USADepartment of Biology, North Central College, Naperville, Illinois 60540, USA
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Fierer N, Nemergut D, Knight R, Craine JM. Changes through time: integrating microorganisms into the study of succession. Res Microbiol 2010; 161:635-42. [PMID: 20599610 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ecologists have documented the process of plant succession for centuries, yet the successional patterns exhibited by microbial communities have received relatively little attention. We examine recent work on microbial succession and show how, despite some key differences, studies of plant succession can serve as a template for understanding microbial succession. We divide the broad range of patterns of microbial primary succession into three categories based on the source of carbon inputs and present conceptual models for each of these categories to explain and predict microbial succession patterns. We show how studies of microbial succession can lead to the development of more comprehensive ecological models of succession and improve our understanding of the processes that regulate microbial diversity in natural and man-made environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Fierer
- Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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Larned ST. A prospectus for periphyton: recent and future ecological research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1899/08-063.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott T. Larned
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 8602, Riccarton, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Dorigo U, Lefranc M, Leboulanger C, Montuelle B, Humbert JF. Spatial heterogeneity of periphytic microbial communities in a small pesticide-polluted river. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2009; 67:491-501. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Passy SI. Continental diatom biodiversity in stream benthos declines as more nutrients become limiting. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:9663-7. [PMID: 18599459 PMCID: PMC2474509 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0802542105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity of both terrestrial ecosystems and lacustrine phytoplankton increases with niche dimensionality, which can be determined by the number of limiting resources (NLR) in the environment. In the present continental study, I tested whether niche dimensionality and, with this species, richness scale positively with NLR in running waters. Diatom richness in 2,426 benthic and 383 planktonic communities from 760 and 127 distinct localities, respectively, was examined as a function of NLR, including basic cations, silica, iron, ammonia, nitrate, and dissolved phosphorus. The patterns found in the two communities were opposite: as more resources became limiting, diatom richness declined in the benthos but increased in the phytoplankton. The divergence of benthic from both planktonic and terrestrial communities is attributed to the complex spatial organization of the benthos, generating strong internal resource gradients. Differential stress tolerance among benthic diatoms allows substantial overgrowth, which greatly reduces nutrient transport to the biofilm base and can be supported only by high ambient resource levels. Therefore, niche dimensionality in the benthos increases with the number of resources at high supply. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation of the well documented phenomenon of increased species richness after fertilization in freshwater as opposed to terrestrial ecosystems. Clearly, however, new theoretical approaches, retaining resource availability as an environmental constraint but incorporating a trade-off between tolerance and spatial positioning, are necessary to address coexistence in one of the major producer communities in streams, the algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia I Passy
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Box 19498, Arlington, TX 76019-0498, USA.
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Peters L, Wetzel MA, Traunspurger W, Rothhaupt KO. Epilithic communities in a lake littoral zone: the role of water-column transport and habitat development for dispersal and colonization of meiofauna. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1899/0887-3593(2007)26[232:eciall]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Arnon S, Packman AI, Peterson CG, Gray KA. Effects of overlying velocity on periphyton structure and denitrification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jg000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Celik K, Ongun T. The relationships between certain physical and chemical variables and the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton assemblages of two inlets of a shallow hypertrophic lake with different nutrient inputs. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2007; 124:321-30. [PMID: 16897515 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-9229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2005] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The relationships between water discharge, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS) conductivity, turbidity, nitrate, ammonium, phosphate and the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton assemblages of two inlets of a shallow hypertrophic lake (Lake Manyas, Turkey) were studied between January 2003 and December 2004. The results showed that different levels of water discharge, turbidity, conductivity, TDS and nutrients could lead to the development of significantly different phytoplankton assemblages in inlets of shallow hypertrophic lakes. The multiple regression analysis identified water discharge, turbidity and water temperature as the driving factors behind the dynamics of phytoplankton biovolume in the studied inlets. The first two axes of Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) explained 78% of the total variance in dominant phytoplankton species at Siğirci Inlet and 88% at Kocaçay Inlet, respectively. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between water discharge, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, pH, TDS, nitrate, ammonium, phosphate and the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton assemblages of two inlets of the shallow hypertrophic Lake Manyas, Turkey by means of multivariate statistical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Celik
- Department of Biology, Balikesir University, 10100, Balikesir, Turkey.
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Kathleen McCabe S, Cyr H. Environmental variability influences the structure of benthic algal communities in an oligotrophic lake. OIKOS 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Camacho A, Rochera C, Silvestre JJ, Vicente E, Hahn MW. Spatial dominance and inorganic carbon assimilation by conspicuous autotrophic biofilms in a physical and chemical gradient of a cold sulfurous spring: the role of differential ecological strategies. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2005; 50:172-84. [PMID: 16211325 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-004-0156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2004] [Accepted: 12/09/2004] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The community composition and ecophysiological features of microbial autotrophic biofilms were studied in Fuente Podrida, a cold sulfur spring located in East Spain. We demonstrated how different ecophysiological strategies, such as resistance and/or utilization of sulfide and oxygen, light adaptation, or resistance to high water flow, allow each of the microorganisms described to efficiently colonize several areas within the environmental gradient. In the zone of the spring constantly influenced by sulfide-rich waters, biofilms were formed by purple bacteria, cyanobacteria, and filamentous colorless sulfur bacteria. Purple bacteria showed higher photosynthetic efficiency per pigment unit than cyanobacteria, although they were dominant only in anoxic areas. Two filamentous cyanobacteria, strain UVFP1 and strain UVFP2, were also abundant in the sulfide-rich area. Whereas the cyanobacterial strain UVFP2 shows a strategy based on the resistance to sulfide of oxygenic photosynthesis, strain UVFP1, additionally, has the capacity for sulfide-driven anoxygenic photosynthesis. Molecular phylogenetic analyses cluster the benthic strain UVFP1 with genus Planktothrix, but with no particular species, whereas UVFP2 does not closely cluster with any known cyanobacterial species. The colorless sulfur bacterium Thiothrix sp. extended throughout the zone in which both sulfide and oxygen were present, exhibiting its capacity for chemolithoautotrophic dark carbon fixation. Downstream from the source, where springwater mixes with well-oxygenated stream water and sulfide disappears, autotrophic biofilms were dominated by diatoms showing higher photosynthetic rates than cyanobacteria and, by a lesser extent, by a sulfide-sensitive cyanobacterium (strain UVFP3) well adapted to low light availability, although in the areas of higher water velocity far from the river shore, the dominance shifted to crust-forming cyanobacteria. Both types of microorganisms were highly sensitive to sulfide impeding them from occupying sulfide-rich areas of the spring. Sulfide, oxygen, light availability, and water velocity appear as the main factors structuring the autotrophic community of Fuente Podrida spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Camacho
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology and Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, E-46100 Burgassot [corrected] Spain.
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Katano I, Mitsuhashi H, Isobe Y, Sato H, Oishi T. Reach-Scale Distribution Dynamics of a Grazing Stream Insect, Micrasema quadriloba Martynov (Brachycentridae, Trichoptera), in Relation to Current Velocity and Periphyton Abundance. Zoolog Sci 2005; 22:853-60. [PMID: 16141698 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.22.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reach-scale temporal shifts in the distribution of larvae of a grazing caddisfly, Micrasema quadriloba (Brachycentridae), were investigated in a Japanese mountain stream. The larvae showed an aggregated distribution within the reach at the beginning of the immigration, then became randomly dispersed throughout the reach as the immigration progressed. The abundance of periphyton in the reach decreased dramatically with increasing dispersal of the larvae. Simple regression analyses revealed that the stream's flow regime was the most important environmental factor that determined the reach-scale distribution of the larvae and that the relationship between the flow regime and the distribution of the larvae shifted temporally. In addition, our results suggest that only this species of grazing insect, which was dominant in the study reach, controlled the reach-scale abundance of the periphyton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Katano
- KYOUSEI Science Center for Life and Nature, Nara Women's University, Kitauoya-nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
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Burks RL, Tuchman NC, Call CA, Marsden JE. Colonial Aggregates: Effects of Spatial Position on Zebra Mussel Responses to Vertical Gradients in Interstitial Water Quality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.2307/1468300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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