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Blanco-Sacristán J, Johansen K, Elías-Lara M, Tu YH, Duarte CM, McCabe MF. Quantifying mangrove carbon assimilation rates using UAV imagery. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4648. [PMID: 38409194 PMCID: PMC10897312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55090-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mangrove forests are recognized as one of the most effective ecosystems for storing carbon. In drylands, mangroves operate at the extremes of environmental gradients and, in many instances, offer one of the few opportunities for vegetation-based sequestering of carbon. Developing accurate and reproducible methods to map carbon assimilation in mangroves not only serves to inform efforts related to natural capital accounting, but can help to motivate their protection and preservation. Remote sensing offers a means to retrieve numerous vegetation traits, many of which can be related to plant biophysical or biochemical responses. The leaf area index (LAI) is routinely employed as a biophysical indicator of health and condition. Here, we apply a linear regression model to UAV-derived multispectral data to retrieve LAI across three mangrove sites located along the coastline of the Red Sea, with estimates producing an R2 of 0.72 when compared against ground-sampled LiCOR LAI-2200C LAI data. To explore the potential of monitoring carbon assimilation within these mangrove stands, the UAV-derived LAI estimates were combined with field-measured net photosynthesis rates from a LiCOR 6400/XT, providing a first estimate of carbon assimilation in dryland mangrove systems of approximately 3000 ton C km-2 yr-1. Overall, these results advance our understanding of carbon assimilation in dryland mangroves and provide a mechanism to quantify the carbon mitigation potential of mangrove reforestation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Blanco-Sacristán
- Climate and Livability Initiative, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kasper Johansen
- Climate and Livability Initiative, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariana Elías-Lara
- Climate and Livability Initiative, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tu
- Climate and Livability Initiative, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center and Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Matthew F McCabe
- Climate and Livability Initiative, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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LiDAR Voxel-Size Optimization for Canopy Gap Estimation. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14051054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial laser scanning of forest structure is used increasingly in place of traditional technologies; however, deriving physical parameters from point clouds remains challenging because LiDAR returns do not have defined areas or volumes. While voxelization methods overcome this challenge, estimation of canopy gaps and other structural attributes are often performed by reducing the point cloud to two-dimensions, thus decreasing the fidelity of the data. Furthermore, relatively few studies have evaluated voxel-size effects on estimation accuracy. Here, we show that voxelized laser-scanning data can be used for canopy-gap estimation without performing dimensionality reduction to the point cloud. Both airborne and terrestrial LiDAR were used to estimate canopy gaps along six vertical transects and four height intervals. Voxel-based estimates were evaluated against hemispherical photography and a sensitivity analysis was performed to identify an optimal voxel size. While the results indicate that our approach can be used with both airborne and terrestrial LiDAR, voxel size has a considerable influence on canopy-gap estimation. Results from our sensitivity analysis indicate that TLS estimation performs best when using 10 cm voxels, yielding canopy gaps ranging from 32–78%. The optimal voxel size for ALS estimation was obtained with 25 cm voxels, yielding estimates ranging from 25–68%.
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Morphological and Physiological Screening to Predict Lettuce Biomass Production in Controlled Environment Agriculture. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fast growth and rapid turnover is an important crop trait in controlled environment agriculture (CEA) due to its high cost. An ideal screening approach for fast-growing cultivars should detect desirable phenotypes non-invasively at an early growth stage, based on morphological and/or physiological traits. Hence, we established a rapid screening protocol based on a simple chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (CFI) technique to quantify the projected canopy size (PCS) of plants, combined with electron transport rate (ETR) measurements using a chlorophyll fluorometer. Eleven lettuce cultivars (Lactuca sativa), selected based on morphological differences, were grown in a greenhouse and imaged twice a week. Shoot dry weight (DW) of green cultivars at harvest 51 days after germination (DAG) was correlated with PCS at 13 DAG (R2 = 0.74), when the first true leaves had just appeared and the PCS was <8.5 cm2. However, early PCS of high anthocyanin (red) cultivars was not predictive of DW. Because light absorption by anthocyanins reduces the amount of photons available for photosynthesis, anthocyanins lower light use efficiency (LUE; DW/total incident light on canopy over the cropping cycle) and reduce growth. Additionally, the total incident light on the canopy throughout the cropping cycle explained 90% and 55% of variability in DW within green and red cultivars, respectively. Estimated leaf level ETR at a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 200 or 1000 µmol m−2 s−1 were not correlated with DW in either green or red cultivars. In conclusion, early PCS quantification is a useful tool for the selection of fast-growing green lettuce phenotypes. However, this approach may not work in cultivars with high anthocyanin content because anthocyanins direct excitation energy away from photosynthesis and growth, weakening the correlation between incident light and growth.
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Phenoseasonal subcanopy light dynamics and the effects of light on the physiological ecology of a common understory shrub, Lindera benzoin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185894. [PMID: 29023480 PMCID: PMC5638307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to quantify the variation of subcanopy spatiotemporal light dynamics over the course of a year and to link it to the physiological ecology of the understory shrub, Lindera benzoin L. Blume (northern spicebush). Covering all seven phenoseasons of a deciduous forest, this work utilized a line quantum sensor to measure the variation in subcanopy light levels under all sky conditions at different times of the day. A total of 4,592 individual subcanopy measurements of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD, μmol m-2 s-1) were taken as 15-second spatially-integrated one-meter linear averages to better understand the dynamism of light exposure to L. benzoin. Both open (n = 2, one continuous and one instantaneous) and subcanopy location (n = 25) measurements of PPFD were taken on each sampling date in and near the forested plot (Maryland, USA). In addition, we explored the effect of four photointensity-photoperiod combinations on the growth of L. benzoin under controlled conditions to compare to field conditions. On average, understory PPFD was less than 2% of open PPFD during the leafed months and an average of 38.8% of open PPFD during leafless winter months, indicating that: (1) often overlooked woody surfaces intercept large amounts of light; and (2) spicebush within the plot receive limited light even in early spring before canopy leaf-out. Statistical results suggested phenoseason accounted for nearly three-quarters of the variation in incident radiation between the three plant canopy heights. Spicebush under controlled conditions exhibited the highest fitness levels at an intensity of 164.5 μmol m-2 s-1 for 12-hour duration. Similarly, spicebush growth in the field occurred at subcanopy locations receiving higher incidence of PPFD (i.e., >128 μmol m-2 s-1). Results suggest that the ecological niche for these plants is very specific in terms of light intensity.
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Jiang Y, Wang L. Pattern and control of biomass allocation across global forest ecosystems. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5493-5501. [PMID: 28770085 PMCID: PMC5528249 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The underground part of a tree is an important carbon sink in forest ecosystems. Understanding biomass allocation between the below- and aboveground parts (root:shoot ratios) is necessary for estimation of the underground biomass and carbon pool. Nevertheless, large-scale biomass allocation patterns and their control mechanisms are not well identified. In this study, a large database of global forests at the community level was compiled to investigate the root:shoot ratios and their responses to environmental factors. The results indicated that both the aboveground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB) of the forests in China (medians 73.0 Mg/ha and 17.0 Mg/ha, respectively) were lower than those worldwide (medians 120.3 Mg/ha and 27.7 Mg/ha, respectively). The root:shoot ratios of the forests in China (median = 0.23), however, were not significantly different from other forests worldwide (median = 0.24). In general, the allocation of biomass between the belowground and aboveground parts was determined mainly by the inherent allometry of the plant but also by environmental factors. In this study, most correlations between root:shoot ratios and environmental factors (development parameter, climate, altitude, and soil) were weak but significant (p < .01). The allometric model agreed with the trends observed in this study and effectively estimated BGB based on AGB across the entire database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Traveling Nanyang Normal University Nanyang Henan China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Monitoring College of Environmental Science and Traveling Nanyang Normal University Nanyang Henan China
| | - Limei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Traveling Nanyang Normal University Nanyang Henan China.,Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Monitoring College of Environmental Science and Traveling Nanyang Normal University Nanyang Henan China
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Estimation and Mapping of Winter Oilseed Rape LAI from High Spatial Resolution Satellite Data Based on a Hybrid Method. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9050488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wang L, Li L, Chen X, Tian X, Wang X, Luo G. Biomass allocation patterns across China's terrestrial biomes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93566. [PMID: 24710503 PMCID: PMC3977935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Root to shoot ratio (RS) is commonly used to describe the biomass allocation between below- and aboveground parts of plants. Determining the key factors influencing RS and interpreting the relationship between RS and environmental factors is important for biological and ecological research. In this study, we compiled 2088 pairs of root and shoot biomass data across China’s terrestrial biomes to examine variations in the RS and its responses to biotic and abiotic factors including vegetation type, soil texture, climatic variables, and stand age. The median value of RS (RSm) for grasslands, shrublands, and forests was 6.0, 0.73, and 0.23, respectively. The range of RS was considerably wide for each vegetation type. RS values for all three major vegetation types were found to be significantly correlated to mean annual precipitation (MAP) and potential water deficit index (PWDI). Mean annual temperature (MAT) also significantly affect the RS for forests and grasslands. Soil texture and forest origin altered the response of RS to climatic factors as well. An allometric formula could be used to well quantify the relationship between aboveground and belowground biomass, although each vegetation type had its own inherent allometric relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Longhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- * E-mail: (LHL); (XT)
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Institute of Forest Information Resource Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (LHL); (XT)
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- Beijing Urban Ecosystem Research Station, State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Geping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
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Bracho R, Starr G, Gholz HL, Martin TA, Cropper WP, Loescher HW. Controls on carbon dynamics by ecosystem structure and climate for southeastern U.S. slash pine plantations. ECOL MONOGR 2012. [DOI: 10.1890/11-0587.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Dybzinski R, Farrior C, Wolf A, Reich PB, Pacala SW. Evolutionarily stable strategy carbon allocation to foliage, wood, and fine roots in trees competing for light and nitrogen: an analytically tractable, individual-based model and quantitative comparisons to data. Am Nat 2011; 177:153-66. [PMID: 21460552 DOI: 10.1086/657992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We present a model that scales from the physiological and structural traits of individual trees competing for light and nitrogen across a gradient of soil nitrogen to their community-level consequences. The model predicts the most competitive (i.e., the evolutionarily stable strategy [ESS]) allocations to foliage, wood, and fine roots for canopy and understory stages of trees growing in old-growth forests. The ESS allocations, revealed as analytical functions of commonly measured physiological parameters, depend not on simple root-shoot relations but rather on diminishing returns of carbon investment that ensure any alternate strategy will underperform an ESS in monoculture because of the competitive environment that the ESS creates. As such, ESS allocations do not maximize nitrogen-limited growth rates in monoculture, highlighting the underappreciated idea that the most competitive strategy is not necessarily the "best," but rather that which creates conditions in which all others are "worse." Data from 152 stands support the model's surprising prediction that the dominant structural trade-off is between fine roots and wood, not foliage, suggesting the "root-shoot" trade-off is more precisely a "root-stem" trade-off for long-lived trees. Assuming other resources are abundant, the model predicts that forests are limited by both nitrogen and light, or nearly so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Dybzinski
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
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McNulty SG, Boggs JL. A conceptual framework: redefining forest soil's critical acid loads under a changing climate. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:2053-2058. [PMID: 20045233 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Federal agencies of several nations have or are currently developing guidelines for critical forest soil acid loads. These guidelines are used to establish regulations designed to maintain atmospheric acid inputs below levels shown to damage forests and streams. Traditionally, when the critical soil acid load exceeds the amount of acid that the ecosystem can absorb, it is believed to potentially impair forest health. The excess over the critical soil acid load is termed the exceedance, and the larger the exceedance, the greater the risk of ecosystem damage. This definition of critical soil acid load applies to exposure of the soil to a single, long-term pollutant (i.e., acidic deposition). However, ecosystems can be simultaneously under multiple ecosystem stresses and a single critical soil acid load level may not accurately reflect ecosystem health risk when subjected to multiple, episodic environmental stress. For example, the Appalachian Mountains of western North Carolina receive some of the highest rates of acidic deposition in the eastern United States, but these levels are considered to be below the critical acid load (CAL) that would cause forest damage. However, the area experienced a moderate three-year drought from 1999 to 2002, and in 2001 red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) trees in the area began to die in large numbers. The initial survey indicated that the affected trees were killed by the southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.). This insect is not normally successful at colonizing these tree species because the trees produce large amounts of oleoresin that exclude the boring beetles. Subsequent investigations revealed that long-term acid deposition may have altered red spruce forest structure and function. There is some evidence that elevated acid deposition (particularly nitrogen) reduced tree water uptake potential, oleoresin production, and caused the trees to become more susceptible to insect colonization during the drought period. While the ecosystem was not in exceedance of the CAL, long-term nitrogen deposition pre-disposed the forest to other ecological stress. In combination, insects, drought, and nitrogen ultimately combined to cause the observed forest mortality. If any one of these factors were not present, the trees would likely not have died. This paper presents a conceptual framework of the ecosystem consequences of these interactions as well as limited plot level data to support this concept. Future assessments of the use of CAL studies need to account for multiple stress impacts to better understand ecosystem response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G McNulty
- USDA Forest Service, Eastern Forests Environmental Assessment Threats Center, Southern Global Change Program, 920 Main Campus Dr. Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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Niinemets Ü. A review of light interception in plant stands from leaf to canopy in different plant functional types and in species with varying shade tolerance. Ecol Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-010-0712-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Laclau JP, Almeida JCR, Gonçalves JLM, Saint-André L, Ventura M, Ranger J, Moreira RM, Nouvellon Y. Influence of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on leaf lifespan and allocation of above-ground growth in Eucalyptus plantations. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 29:111-124. [PMID: 19203937 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpn010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus grandis (W. Hill ex Maiden) leaf traits and tree growth were studied over 3 years after the establishment of two adjacent complete randomized block designs in southern Brazil. In a nitrogen (N) input experiment, a treatment with the application of 120 kg N ha(-1) was compared to a control treatment without N addition, and in a potassium (K) input experiment a control treatment without K addition was compared to a treatment with the application of 116 kg K ha(-1). Young leaves were tagged 9 months after planting to estimate the effect of N and K fertilizations on leaf lifespan. Leaf mass, specific leaf area and nutrient concentrations were measured on a composite sample per plot every 28 days until the last tagged leaf fell. Successive inventories, destructive sampling of trees and leaf litter fall collection made it possible to assess the effect of N and K fertilization on the dynamics of biomass accumulation in above-ground tree components. Whilst the effects of N fertilization on tree growth only occurred in the first 24 months after planting, K fertilization increased the above-ground net primary production from 4478 to 8737 g m(-2) over the first 36 months after planting. The average lifespan of tagged leaves was not modified by N addition but it increased from 111 to 149 days with K fertilization. The peak of leaf production occurred in the second year after planting (about 800 g m(-2) year(-1)) and was not significantly modified (P < 0.05) by N and K fertilizations. By contrast, K addition significantly increased the maximum leaf standing biomass from 292 to 528 g m(-2), mainly as a consequence of the increase in leaf lifespan. Potassium fertilization increased the stand biomass mainly through the enhancement in leaf area index (LAI) since growth efficiency (defined as the ratio between woody biomass production and LAI) was not significantly modified. A better understanding of the physiological processes governing the leaf lifespan is necessary to improve process-based models currently used in Eucalyptus plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Laclau
- CIRAD, Persyst, UPR80, TA10/D, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Burton AJ, Melillo JM, Frey SD. Adjustment of forest ecosystem root respiration as temperature warms. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2008; 50:1467-1483. [PMID: 19017133 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00750.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Adjustment of ecosystem root respiration to warmer climatic conditions can alter the autotrophic portion of soil respiration and influence the amount of carbon available for biomass production. We examined 44 published values of annual forest root respiration and found an increase in ecosystem root respiration with increasing mean annual temperature (MAT), but the rate of this cross-ecosystem increase (Q(10)= 1.6) is less than published values for short-term responses of root respiration to temperature within ecosystems (Q(10)= 2-3). When specific root respiration rates and root biomass values were examined, there was a clear trend for decreasing root metabolic capacity (respiration rate at a standard temperature) with increasing MAT. There also were tradeoffs between root metabolic capacity and root system biomass, such that there were no instances of high growing season respiration rates and high root biomass occurring together. We also examined specific root respiration rates at three soil warming experiments at Harvard Forest, USA, and found decreases in metabolic capacity for roots from the heated plots. This decline could be due to either physiological acclimation or to the effects of co-occurring drier soils on the measurement date. Regardless of the cause, these findings clearly suggest that modeling efforts that allow root respiration to increase exponentially with temperature, with Q(10) values of 2 or more, may over-predict root contributions to ecosystem CO2 efflux for future climates and underestimate the amount of C available for other uses, including net primary productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Burton
- Ecosystem Science Center, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA.
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Coomes DA, Grubb PJ. IMPACTS OF ROOT COMPETITION IN FORESTS AND WOODLANDS: A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTS. ECOL MONOGR 2000. [DOI: 10.1890/0012-9615(2000)070[0171:iorcif]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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The effect of leaf clustering in the interception of light in vegetal canopies: theoretical considerations. Ecol Modell 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3800(98)00170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Modelling Terrestrial Carbon Exchange and Storage: Evidence and Implications of Functional Convergence in Light-use Efficiency. ADV ECOL RES 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2504(08)60029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Fahey TJ, Battles JJ, Wilson GF. RESPONSES OF EARLY SUCCESSIONAL NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS TO CHANGES IN NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY. ECOL MONOGR 1998. [DOI: 10.1890/0012-9615(1998)068[0183:roesnh]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ryan MG, Lavigne MB, Gower ST. Annual carbon cost of autotrophic respiration in boreal forest ecosystems in relation to species and climate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ryan MG, Gower ST, Hubbard RM, Waring RH, Gholz HL, Cropper WP, Running SW. Woody tissue maintenance respiration of four conifers in contrasting climates. Oecologia 1995; 101:133-140. [PMID: 28306783 DOI: 10.1007/bf00317276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/1994] [Accepted: 09/23/1994] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We estimate maintenance respiration for boles of four temperate conifers (ponderosa pine, western hemlock, red pine, and slash pine) from CO2 efflux measurements in autumn, when construction respiration is low or negligible. Maintenance respiration of stems was linearly related to sapwood volume for all species; at 10°C, respiration per unit sapwood volume ranged from 4.8 to 8.3 μmol CO2 m-3 s-1. For all sites combined, respiration increased exponentially with temperature (Q 10 =1.7, r 2=0.78). We estimate that maintenance respiration of aboveground woody tissues of these conifers consumes 52-162 g C m-2 y-1, or 5-13% of net daytime carbon assimilation annually. The fraction of annual net daytime carbon fixation used for stem maintenance respiration increased linearly with the average annual temperature of the site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Ryan
- Rocky Mountain Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, 240 West Prospect Street, 80526-2098, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Stith T Gower
- Department of Forestry, University of Wisconsin, 53706, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert M Hubbard
- Rocky Mountain Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service, 240 West Prospect Street, 80526-2098, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Richard H Waring
- Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, 97331, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Henry L Gholz
- Department of Forestry, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Wendell P Cropper
- Department of Forestry, University of Florida, 32611, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Steven W Running
- School of Forestry, University of Montana, 59812, Missoula, MT, USA
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Ruimy A, Saugier B, Dedieu G. Methodology for the estimation of terrestrial net primary production from remotely sensed data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd03221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 547] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Leblon B, Granberg H, Ansseau C, Royer A. A semi‐empirical model to estimate the biomass production of forest canopies from spectral variables Part 1: Relationship between spectral variables and light interception efficiency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1080/02757259309532170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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A generalized, lumped-parameter model of photosynthesis, evapotranspiration and net primary production in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems. Oecologia 1992; 92:463-474. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00317837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/1992] [Accepted: 05/18/1992] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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