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Hu X, Li E, Zhou Y, You Q, Jiang Z. Casitas b cell lymphoma‑B (Cbl-b): A new therapeutic avenue for small-molecule immunotherapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 102:117677. [PMID: 38457911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the area of cancer treatment. Although most immunotherapies now are antibodies targeting membrane checkpoint molecules, there is an increasing demand for small-molecule drugs that address intracellular pathways. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Casitas B cell lymphoma‑b (Cbl-b) has been regarded as a promising intracellular immunotherapy target. Cbl-b regulates the downstream proteins of multiple membrane receptors and co-receptors, restricting the activation of the innate and adaptive immune system. Recently, Cbl-b inhibitors have been reported with promising effects on immune surveillance activation and anti-tumor efficacy. Several molecules have entered phase Ⅰ clinical trials. In this review, the biological rationale of Cbl-b as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy and the latest research progress of Cbl-b are summarized, with special emphasis on the allosteric small-molecule inhibitors of Cbl-b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Erdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yangguo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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2
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Zhou L, Yang J, Zhang K, Wang T, Jiang S, Zhang X. Rising Star in Immunotherapy: Development and Therapeutic Potential of Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Casitas B Cell Lymphoma-b (Cbl-b). J Med Chem 2024; 67:816-837. [PMID: 38181380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Casitas B cell lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) is a vital negative regulator of TCR and BCR signaling pathways, playing a significant role in setting an appropriate threshold for the activation of T cells and controlling the tolerance of peripheral T cells via a variety of mechanisms. Overexpression of Cbl-b leads to immune hyporesponsiveness of T cells. Conversely, the deficiency of Cbl-b in T cells results in markedly increased production of IL-2, even in the lack of CD28 costimulation in vitro. And Cbl-b-/- mice spontaneously reject multifarious cancers. Therefore, Cbl-b may be associated with immune-mediated diseases, and blocking Cbl-b could be considered as a new antitumor immunotherapy strategy. In this review, the possible regulatory mechanisms and biological potential of Cbl-b for antitumor immunotherapy are summarized. Besides, the potential roles of Cbl-b in immune-mediated diseases are comprehensively discussed, with emphasis on Cbl-b immune-oncology agents in the preclinical stage and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiamei Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kuojun Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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3
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Wei D, Tian X, Zhai X, Sun C. Adipose Tissue Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in Obesity: A Link to Posttranslational Modification. Immunol Invest 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37129471 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2205883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) are an essential type of immune cells in adipose tissue. Obesity induces the inflammation of adipose tissues, as expressed by ATM accumulation, that is more likely to become a source of systemic metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance. The process is characterized by the transcriptional regulation of inflammatory pathways by virtue of signaling molecules such as cytokines and free fatty acids. Notably, posttranslational modification (PTM) is a key link for these signaling molecules to trigger the proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotype of ATMs. This review focuses on summarizing the functions and molecular mechanisms of ATMs regulating inflammation in obese adipose tissue. Furthermore, the role of PTM is elaborated, hoping to identify new horizons of treatment and prevention for obesity-mediated metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqin Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiangyun Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
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Wang Z, Xu H, Cheng F, Zhang J, Feng Y, Liu D, Shang W, Feng G. Donor BMSC-derived small extracellular vesicles relieve acute rejection post-renal allograft through transmitting Loc108349490 to dendritic cells. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13461. [PMID: 34499402 PMCID: PMC8520728 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are potent candidates for the suppression of acute rejection post-renal allograft and have been reported to halt dendritic cells (DCs) maturation. However, whether BMSC-derived sEVs mitigate acute rejection post-renal allograft by targeting DCs is still unclear. In this study, donor BMSC-derived sEVs (sEVs) relieved the inflammatory response and suppressed mature DCs (mDCs) location in kidney grafts, and increased regulatory T (Treg) cell population in the spleens of the rats that underwent kidney allograft. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated immature DCs (imDCs), sEVs suppressed the maturation and migration of DCs and inactivated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. Compared with LPS-treated imDCs, imDCs treated with LPS+sEVs promoted CD4+ T cells differentiated toward Treg cells. Subsequently, we found that Loc108349490, a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) abundant in sEVs, mediated the inhibitory effect of sEVs on DC maturation and migration by promoting TLR4 ubiquitination. In rats that underwent an allograft, Loc108349490 deficiency weakened the therapeutic effect of sEVs on acute rejection. The present study firstly found that sEVs alleviated acute rejection post-renal allograft by transferring lncRNA to DCs and screened out the functional lncRNA loaded in sEVs was Loc108349490.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐gang Wang
- Department of Kidney TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Hong‐en Xu
- Precision Medicine Center of Zhengzhou UniversityAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Fu‐min Cheng
- Department of Kidney TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Kidney TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yong‐hua Feng
- Department of Kidney TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Dan‐hua Liu
- Precision Medicine Center of Zhengzhou UniversityAcademy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Wen‐jun Shang
- Department of Kidney TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Gui‐wen Feng
- Department of Kidney TransplantationThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
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Kowalczuk A, Bourebaba N, Kornicka-Garbowska K, Turlej E, Marycz K, Bourebaba L. Hyoscyamus albus nortropane alkaloids reduce hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia induced in HepG2 cells through the regulation of SIRT1/NF-kB/JNK pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:61. [PMID: 34034759 PMCID: PMC8152357 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic superphysiological glucose and insulin concentrations are known to trigger several tissue and organ failures, including insulin resistance, oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation. Hence, the screening for molecules that may counteract such conditions is essential in current existing therapeutic strategies, thereby the use of medicinal plant derivatives represents a promising axis in this regard. METHODS In this study, the effect of a selected traditional medicinal plant, Hyoscyamus albus from which, calystegines have been isolated, was investigated in an experimental model of hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia induced on HepG2 cells. The mRNA and protein expression levels of different insulin signaling, gluconeogenic and inflammatory pathway- related molecules were examined. Additionally, cell viability and apoptosis, oxidative stress extent and mitochondrial dysfunctions were assayed using flow cytometric and qRT-PCR techniques. RESULTS Treatment of IR HepG2 cells with calystegines strongly protected the injured cells from apoptosis, oxidative stress and mitochondrial integrity loss. Interestingly, nortropane alkaloids efficiently regulated the impaired glucose metabolism in IR HepG2 cells, through the stimulation of glucose uptake and the modulation of SIRT1/Foxo1/G6PC/mTOR pathway, which is governing the hepatic gluconeogenesis. Furthermore, the alkaloidal extract restored the defective insulin signaling pathway, mainly by promoting the expression of Insr at the mRNA and protein levels. What is more, treated cells exhibited significant mitigated inflammatory response, as evidenced by the modulation and the regulation of the NF- κB/JNK/TLR4 axis and the downstream proinflammatory cytokines recruitment. CONCLUSION Overall, the present investigation demonstrates that calystegines from Hyoscyamus albus provide cytoprotection to the HepG2 cells against insulin/glucose induced insulin resistance and apoptosis due to the regulation of SIRT1/Foxo1/G6PC/mTOR and NF-κB/JNK/TLR4 signaling pathways. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kowalczuk
- grid.419694.70000 0004 0622 0266National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nabila Bourebaba
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, 55-114 Malin, Wisznia Mała, Poland ,grid.411200.60000 0001 0694 6014Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Eliza Turlej
- grid.411200.60000 0001 0694 6014Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, 55-114 Malin, Wisznia Mała, Poland ,Collegium Medicum, Institute of Medical Science, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University (UKSW), Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lynda Bourebaba
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa 11, 55-114 Malin, Wisznia Mała, Poland ,grid.411200.60000 0001 0694 6014Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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6
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Gupta A, Behl T, Aleya L, Rahman MH, Yadav HN, Pal G, Kaur I, Arora S. Role of UPP pathway in amelioration of diabetes-associated complications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:19601-19614. [PMID: 33660172 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12781-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most widely spread metabolic disorder also called as "life style" disease. Due to the alarming number of patients, there is great need to therapies targeting functions which can help in maintaining the homeostasis of glucose levels and improving insulin sensitivity. Detailed analysis was done through various research and review papers which was searched using MEDLINE, BIOSIS, and EMBASE using various keywords. This search retrieved the most appropriate content on these molecules targeting UPP pathway. From this extensive review involving UPP pathway, it was concluded that the role of ubiquitin's is not only limited to neurodegenerative disorders but also plays a critical role in progression of diabetes including obesity, insulin resistance, and various neurogenerative disorders but it also targets proteasomal degradation including mediation of cellular signaling pathways. Thus, drugs targeting UPP not only may show effect against diabetes but also are therapeutically beneficial in the treatment of diabetes-associated complications which may be obtained. Thus, based on the available information and data on UPP functions, it can be concluded that regulation of UPP pathway via downstream regulators mainly E1, E2, and E3 may bring promising results. Drugs targeting these transcriptional factors may emerge as a novel therapy in the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh
| | | | - Giridhari Pal
- Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Jafari D, Mousavi MJ, Keshavarz Shahbaz S, Jafarzadeh L, Tahmasebi S, Spoor J, Esmaeilzadeh A. E3 ubiquitin ligase Casitas B lineage lymphoma-b and its potential therapeutic implications for immunotherapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 204:14-31. [PMID: 33306199 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinction of self from non-self is crucial to prevent autoreactivity and ensure protection from infectious agents and tumors. Maintaining the balance between immunity and tolerance of immune cells is strongly controlled by several sophisticated regulatory mechanisms of the immune system. Among these, the E3 ligase ubiquitin Casitas B cell lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) is a newly identified component in the ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation system, which is thought to be an important negative regulator of immune cells. An update on the current knowledge and new concepts of the relevant immune homeostasis program co-ordinated by Cbl-b in different cell populations could pave the way for future immunomodulatory therapies of various diseases, such as autoimmune and allergic diseases, infections, cancers and other immunopathological conditions. In the present review, the latest findings are comprehensively summarized on the molecular structural basis of Cbl-b and the suppressive signaling mechanisms of Cbl-b in physiological and pathological immune responses, as well as its emerging potential therapeutic implications for immunotherapy in animal models and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jafari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Immunotherapy Research and Technology Group, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - M J Mousavi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Keshavarz Shahbaz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - L Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Tahmasebi
- Department of Immunology, School of public health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - J Spoor
- Erasmus University Medical Centre, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Immunotherapy Research and Technology Group, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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8
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Chen YM, Zhu Q, Cai J, Zhao ZJ, Yao BB, Zhou LM, Ji LD, Xu J. Upregulation of T Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway Components in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Joint Analysis of mRNA and circRNA Expression Profiles. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:774608. [PMID: 35046894 PMCID: PMC8763273 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.774608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) can regulate blood glucose levels by targeting mRNAs, but the role of circRNAs in GDM is still unknown. Therefore, a joint microarray analysis of circRNAs and their target mRNAs in GDM patients and healthy pregnant women was carried out. METHODS In this study, microarray analyses of mRNA and circRNA in 6 GDM patients and 6 healthy controls were conducted to identify the differentially expressed mRNA and circRNA in GDM patients, and some of the discovered mRNAs and circRNAs were further validated in additional 56 samples by quantitative realtime PCR (qRT-PCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). RESULTS Gene ontology and pathway analyses showed that the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in T cell immune-related pathways. Cross matching of the differentially expressed mRNAs and circRNAs in the top 10 KEGG pathways identified 4 genes (CBLB, ITPR3, NFKBIA, and ICAM1) and 4 corresponding circRNAs (circ-CBLB, circ-ITPR3, circ-NFKBIA, and circ-ICAM1), and these candidates were subsequently verified in larger samples. These differentially expressed circRNAs and their linear transcript mRNAs were all related to the T cell receptor signaling pathway, and PCR results confirmed the initial microarray results. Moreover, circRNA/miRNA/mRNA interactions and circRNA-binding proteins were predicted, and circ-CBLB, circ-ITPR3, and circ-ICAM1 may serve as GDM-related miRNA sponges and regulate the expression of CBLB, ITPR3, NFKBIA, and ICAM1 in cellular immune pathways. CONCLUSION Upregulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway components may represent the major pathological mechanism underlying GDM, thus providing a potential approach for the prevention and treatment of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-ming Chen
- Department of Science and Education, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiong Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhi-jia Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bin-bin Yao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Li-ming Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Lin-dan Ji
- Department of Science and Education, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Lin-dan Ji, ; Jin Xu,
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Lin-dan Ji, ; Jin Xu,
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Pu ZQ, Liu D, Lobo Mouguegue HPP, Jin CW, Sadiq E, Qin DD, Yu TF, Zong C, Chen JC, Zhao RX, Lin JY, Cheng J, Yu X, Li X, Zhang YC, Liu YT, Guan QB, Wang XD. NR4A1 counteracts JNK activation incurred by ER stress or ROS in pancreatic β-cells for protection. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:14171-14183. [PMID: 33124187 PMCID: PMC7754045 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia incur endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction in pancreatic β‐cells. ER stress or ROS causes c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) activation, and the activated JNK triggers apoptosis in different cells. Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) is an inducible multi‐stress response factor. The aim of this study was to explore the role of NR4A1 in counteracting JNK activation induced by ER stress or ROS and the related mechanism. qPCR, Western blotting, dual‐luciferase reporter and ChIP assays were applied to detect gene expression or regulation by NR4A1. Immunofluorescence was used to detect a specific protein expression in β‐cells. Our data showed that NR4A1 reduced the phosphorylated JNK (p‐JNK) in MIN6 cells encountering ER stress or ROS and reduced MKK4 protein in a proteasome‐dependent manner. We found that NR4A1 increased the expression of cbl‐b (an E3 ligase); knocking down cbl‐b expression increased MKK4 and p‐JNK levels under ER stress or ROS conditions. We elucidated that NR4A1 enhanced the transactivation of cbl‐b promoter by physical association. We further confirmed that cbl‐b expression in β‐cells was reduced in NR4A1‐knockout mice compared with WT mice. NR4A1 down‐regulates JNK activation by ER stress or ROS in β‐cells via enhancing cbl‐b expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Qing Pu
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | | | - Cheng-Wen Jin
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Esha Sadiq
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dan-Dan Qin
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tian-Fu Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Zong
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ji-Cui Chen
- Blood Transfusion Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ru-Xing Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing-Yu Lin
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences for Chronic Degenerative Diseases in Universities of Shandong (Shandong University), Jinan, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yu-Chao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan-Tao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing-Bo Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences for Chronic Degenerative Diseases in Universities of Shandong (Shandong University), Jinan, China
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10
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Wang X, Wang Y, Antony V, Sun H, Liang G. Metabolism-Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs). Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:712-724. [PMID: 32807598 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases pose a tremendous health threat in both developed and developing countries. The pathophysiology of metabolic diseases is complex but has been shown to be closely associated with sterile inflammation, which is initiated by various danger molecules derived from metabolic overload, such as oxidized low-density lipoproteins (OxLDLs), free fatty acids (FFAs), glucose, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and cholesterol. These danger signals are sensed by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate proinflammatory signaling pathways and promote the release of proinflammatory mediators, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation. Although these harmful metabolic stimuli are generally regarded as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), a more specific definition and accurate classification for these DAMPs is still missing. In this opinion, we classify the harmful metabolic stimuli that can incite inflammatory responses and tissue damage via instigating PRRs as metabolism-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), and we summarize their roles in metaflammation-mediated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Victor Antony
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Zhuji Biomedical Institute, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhuji, Zhejiang 311800, China.
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11
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Seijkens TTP, Poels K, Meiler S, van Tiel CM, Kusters PJH, Reiche M, Atzler D, Winkels H, Tjwa M, Poelman H, Slütter B, Kuiper J, Gijbels M, Kuivenhoven JA, Matic LP, Paulsson-Berne G, Hedin U, Hansson GK, Nicolaes GAF, Daemen MJAP, Weber C, Gerdes N, de Winther MPJ, Lutgens E. Deficiency of the T cell regulator Casitas B-cell lymphoma-B aggravates atherosclerosis by inducing CD8+ T cell-mediated macrophage death. Eur Heart J 2020; 40:372-382. [PMID: 30452556 PMCID: PMC6340101 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The E3-ligase CBL-B (Casitas B-cell lymphoma-B) is an important negative regulator of T cell activation that is also expressed in macrophages. T cells and macrophages mediate atherosclerosis, but their regulation in this disease remains largely unknown; thus, we studied the function of CBL-B in atherogenesis. Methods and results The expression of CBL-B in human atherosclerotic plaques was lower in advanced lesions compared with initial lesions and correlated inversely with necrotic core area. Twenty weeks old Cblb−/−Apoe−/− mice showed a significant increase in plaque area in the aortic arch, where initial plaques were present. In the aortic root, a site containing advanced plaques, lesion area rose by 40%, accompanied by a dramatic change in plaque phenotype. Plaques contained fewer macrophages due to increased apoptosis, larger necrotic cores, and more CD8+ T cells. Cblb−/−Apoe−/− macrophages exhibited enhanced migration and increased cytokine production and lipid uptake. Casitas B-cell lymphoma-B deficiency increased CD8+ T cell numbers, which were protected against apoptosis and regulatory T cell-mediated suppression. IFNγ and granzyme B production was enhanced in Cblb−/−Apoe−/− CD8+ T cells, which provoked macrophage killing. Depletion of CD8+ T cells in Cblb−/−Apoe−/− bone marrow chimeras rescued the phenotype, indicating that CBL-B controls atherosclerosis mainly through its function in CD8+ T cells. Conclusion Casitas B-cell lymphoma-B expression in human plaques decreases during the progression of atherosclerosis. As an important regulator of immune responses in experimental atherosclerosis, CBL-B hampers macrophage recruitment and activation during initial atherosclerosis and limits CD8+ T cell activation and CD8+ T cell-mediated macrophage death in advanced atherosclerosis, thereby preventing the progression towards high-risk plaques. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom T P Seijkens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Room K1-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, Munich, Germany
| | - Kikkie Poels
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Room K1-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Svenja Meiler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Room K1-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia M van Tiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Room K1-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal J H Kusters
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Room K1-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe Reiche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Room K1-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, Munich, Germany.,Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Goethestraße 33D, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Winkels
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Tjwa
- Laboratory of Vascular Hematology/Angiogenesis, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Sandhofstraße 1D, Germany
| | - Hessel Poelman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Room K1-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einstein weg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einstein weg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Gijbels
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Room K1-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Postbus 72, AB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ljubica Perisic Matic
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabrielle Paulsson-Berne
- Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Solna SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran K Hansson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerry A F Nicolaes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Room K1-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mat J A P Daemen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, Munich, Germany.,Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5m 0225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Room K1-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, Munich, Germany
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Room K1-110, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Pettenkoferstraße 8a & 9, Munich, Germany
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12
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Zhang J, Ma J, Zhou X, Hu S, Ge L, Sun J, Li P, Long K, Jin L, Tang Q, Liu L, Li X, Shuai S, Li M. Comprehensive Analysis of mRNA and lncRNA Transcriptomes Reveals the Differentially Hypoxic Response of Preadipocytes During Adipogenesis. Front Genet 2020; 11:845. [PMID: 32849828 PMCID: PMC7425071 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Local hypoxia has recently been reported to occur in the white adipose tissue (WAT) microenvironment during obesity. Adipocytes have a unique life cycle that reflects the different stages of adipogenesis in the WAT niche. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the cellular response to hypoxia. However, the differentially hypoxic responses of preadipocytes during adipogenesis and the potential role of lncRNAs in this process remain to be elucidated. Here, we evaluated the differentially hypoxic responses of primary hamster preadipocytes during adipogenesis and analyzed mRNA and lncRNA expression in same Ribo-Zero RNA-seq libraries. Hypoxia induced HIF-1α protein during adipogenesis and caused divergent changes of cell phenotypes. A total of 10,318 mRNAs were identified to be expressed in twenty libraries (five timepoints), and 3,198 differentially expressed mRNAs (DE mRNAs) were detected at five timepoints (hypoxia vs. normoxia). Functional enrichment analysis revealed the shared and specific hypoxia response pathways in the different stages of adipogenesis. Hypoxia differentially modulated the expression profile of adipose-associated genes, including adipokines, lipogenesis, lipolysis, hyperplasia, hypertrophy, inflammatory, and extracellular matrix. We also identified 4,296 lncRNAs that were expressed substantially and detected 1,431 DE lncRNAs at five timepoints. Two, 3, 5, 13, and 50 DE mRNAs at D0, D1, D3, D7, and D11, respectively, were highly correlated and locus-nearby DE lncRNAs and mainly involved in the cell cycle, vesicle-mediated transport, and mitochondrion organization. We identified 28 one-to-one lncRNA-mRNA pairs that might be closely related to adipocyte functions, such as ENSCGRT00015041780-Hilpda, TU2105-Cdsn, and TU17588-Ltbp3. These lncRNAs may represent the crucial regulation axis in the cellular response to hypoxia during adipogenesis. This study dissected the effects of hypoxia in the cell during adipogenesis, uncovered novel regulators potentially associated with WAT function, and may provide a new viewpoint for interpretation and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jideng Ma
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiankun Zhou
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Silu Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Penghao Li
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Chengdu Xi Nan Gynecological Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Keren Long
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Jin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianzi Tang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyan Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Surong Shuai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Lin X, Zhang H, Boyce BF, Xing L. Ubiquitination of interleukin-1α is associated with increased pro-inflammatory polarization of murine macrophages deficient in the E3 ligase ITCH. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11764-11775. [PMID: 32587089 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play critical roles in homeostasis and inflammation. Macrophage polarization to either a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory status is controlled by activating inflammatory signaling pathways. Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification that regulates these inflammatory signaling pathways. However, the influence of protein ubiquitination on macrophage polarization has not been well studied. We hypothesized that the ubiquitination status of key proteins in inflammatory pathways contributes to macrophage polarization, which is regulated by itchy E3 ubiquitin ligase (ITCH), a negative regulator of inflammation. Using ubiquitin proteomics, we found that ubiquitination profiles are different among polarized murine macrophage subsets. Interestingly, interleukin-1α (IL-1α), an important pro-inflammatory mediator, was specifically ubiquitinated in lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory macrophages, which was enhanced in ITCH-deficient macrophages. The ITCH-deficient macrophages had increased levels of the mature form of IL-1α and exhibited pro-inflammatory polarization, and reduced deubiquitination of IL-1α protein. Finally, IL-1α neutralization attenuated pro-inflammatory polarization of the ITCH-deficient macrophages. In conclusion, ubiquitination of IL-1α is associated with increased pro-inflammatory polarization of macrophages deficient in the E3 ligase ITCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Brendan F Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Lianping Xing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA .,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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14
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MPMBP down-regulates Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 ligand-induced proinflammatory cytokine production by inhibiting NF-κB but not AP-1 activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 79:106085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Chen K, Wan X, Zhao L, Zhao S, Peng L, Yang W, Yuan J, Zhu L, Mo Z. Cbl Proto-Oncogene B (CBLB) c.197A>T Mutation Induces Mild Metabolic Dysfunction in Partial Type I Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis (MSL). Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3535-3549. [PMID: 33116705 PMCID: PMC7547790 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s273780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple symmetric lipomatosis (MSL) is a rare disease showing chronic progression of multiple, symmetrical, and non-encapsulated subcutaneous lipoma. The cause of the disease remains unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study reported and summarized 13 sporadic cases of Type I MSL patients in terms of histopathology and cellular and molecular biology and assessed the CBLB c.197A>T mutation in the IRS1-PI3K-Akt pathway. RESULTS The clinical data showed that these 13 Type I patients were all male with a mean age of 57.0 ± 6.6 years old and consumed alcohol heavily. The laboratory tests revealed that most of the patients had hyperuricemia, diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, or insulin resistance; however, their blood lipid levels were close to a normal range. The imaging data exhibited lipomas that only occurred subcutaneously but not viscerally, ie, Types Ia (15.4%), Ib (30.8%), and Ic (53.8%). The molecular analyses of adipocytes of isoprenaline stimulated human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hADSCs) isolated from the adipose tissue lipoma-like masses (ATLLM) demonstrated that these adipocytes did not express UCP-1. The Cbl proto-oncogene B (CBLB), an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, was associated with insulin resistance and obesity and was mutated (ie, CBLB c.197A>T) in four MSL patients after the whole genome and Sanger sequencing of the blood samples. Furthermore, the CBLB c.197A>T mutation induced hADSC resistance to insulin by inactivation of the IRS-1-PI3K-AKT pathway. CONCLUSION This study analyzed clinical, histopathological, and cellular and molecular biological characterizations of 13 Type I MSL patients and identified the CBLB c.197A>T heterozygous mutation that could be responsible for MSL metabolic dysfunction or even MSL development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxing Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liling Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoli Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan410005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Mo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhaohui Mo Tel/Fax +86 731 88618006 Email
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16
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Maciukiewicz M, Tiwari AK, Zai CC, Gorbovskaya I, Laughlin CP, Nurmi EL, Liebermann JA, Meltzer HY, Kennedy JL, Müller DJ. Genome-wide association study on antipsychotic-induced weight gain in Europeans and African-Americans. Schizophr Res 2019; 212:204-212. [PMID: 31447353 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antipsychotic (AP) medications are the first line of treatment for schizophrenia. However, most conferr a risk of antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG). The objective of this investigation was to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of AIWG, followed by comprehensive, post-GWAS approaches. METHODS We investigated n = 201 schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder patients of European and African American ancestry who were treated primarily with clozapine or olanzapine. We conducted a genome-wide association analysis for AIWG, defined primarily as a percentage of weight change from baseline. RESULTS When examining Europeans (n = 147), we noticed an association between rs62097526 (β = 0.39, p = 3.59 × 10-6, CADD = 2.213) variant, located downstream of the CIDEA gene, which is considered a risk factor for AIWG. In the entire sample, we observed a significant association between rs1525085 (β = 0.411, p = 3.15 × 10-9) variant of the DGKB gene and AIWG. The association was nominally significant in Europeans (β = 0.271, p = 0.002) and African Americans (β = 0.579, p = 5.73 × 10-5) with the same risk allele. Our top genes (p < 5 × 10-5) were enriched in the GWAS catalog for the risk of obesity and interacted with the known risk factors for obesity (G6PD) and diabetes (IRS1). In addition, these genes are targeted by miRNAs related to schizophrenia (mir-34a) and obesity (mir-19b). However, our polygenic risk score analyses did not provide support for major genetic overlap between obesity and the risk of AIWG. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we propose that the CIDEA and DGKB genes are risk factors for AIWG in transethnic populations. Additionally, our evidence suggests that the G6PD and IRS1 gene-related pathways might be involved in AIWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Maciukiewicz
- Pharmacogenetic Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arun K Tiwari
- Pharmacogenetic Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clement C Zai
- Pharmacogenetic Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ilona Gorbovskaya
- Pharmacogenetic Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher P Laughlin
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Erika L Nurmi
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Liebermann
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Herbert Y Meltzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James L Kennedy
- Pharmacogenetic Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Pharmacogenetic Research Clinic, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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17
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Harmon DB, Wu C, Dedousis N, Sipula IJ, Stefanovic-Racic M, Schoiswohl G, O'Donnell CP, Alonso LC, Kershaw EE, Kelley EE, O'Doherty RM. Adipose tissue-derived free fatty acids initiate myeloid cell accumulation in mouse liver in states of lipid oversupply. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E758-E770. [PMID: 30086648 PMCID: PMC6293173 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00172.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of myeloid cells in the liver, notably dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes/macrophages (MCs), is a major component of the metainflammation of obesity. However, the mechanism(s) stimulating hepatic DC/MC infiltration remain ill defined. Herein, we addressed the hypothesis that adipose tissue (AT) free fatty acids (FFAs) play a central role in the initiation of hepatic DC/MC accumulation, using a number of mouse models of altered FFA supply to the liver. In two models of acute FFA elevation (lipid infusion and fasting) hepatic DC/MC and triglycerides (TGs) but not AT DC/MC were increased without altering plasma cytokines (PCs; TNFα and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) and with variable effects on oxidative stress (OxS) markers. However, fasting in mice with profoundly reduced AT lipolysis (AT-specific deletion of adipose TG lipase; AAKO) failed to elevate liver DC/MC, TG, or PC, but liver OxS increased. Livers of obese AAKO mice that are known to be resistant to steatosis were similarly protected from inflammation. In high-fat feeding studies of 1, 3, 6, or 20-wk duration, liver DC/MC accumulation dissociated from PC and OxS but tracked with liver TGs. Furthermore, decreasing OxS by ~80% in obese mice failed to decrease liver DC/MC. Therefore, FFA and more specifically AT-derived FFA stimulate hepatic DC/MC accumulation, thus recapitulating the pathology of the obese liver. In a number of cases the effects of FFA can be dissociated from OxS and PC but match well with liver TG, a marker of FFA oversupply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Harmon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China
| | - Nikolaos Dedousis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ian J Sipula
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Maja Stefanovic-Racic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gabriele Schoiswohl
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher P O'Donnell
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura C Alonso
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Division, University of Massachusetts , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric E Kelley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Robert M O'Doherty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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18
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Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) deficient mice are protected from adipose tissue inflammation in aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:1971-1982. [PMID: 28898202 PMCID: PMC5636669 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is a central mechanism for metabolic dysfunction in both diet-induced obesity and age-associated obesity. Studies in diet-induced obesity have characterized the role of Fetuin A (Fet A) in Free Fatty Acids (FFA)-mediated TLR4 activation and adipose tissue inflammation. However, the role of Fet A & TLR4 in aging-related adipose tissue inflammation is unknown. In the current study, analysis of epidymymal fat pads of C57/Bl6 male mice, we found that, in contrast to data from diet-induced obesity models, adipose tissue from aged mice have normal Fet A and TLR4 expression. Interestingly, aged TLR4-deficient mice have diminished adipose tissue inflammation compared to normal controls. We further demonstrated that reduced AT inflammation in old TLR4-deficient mice is linked to impaired ER stress, augmented autophagy activity, and diminished senescence phenomenon. Importantly, old TLR4-deficient mice have improved glucose tolerance compared to age-matched wild type mice, suggesting that the observed reduced AT inflammation in aged TLR4-deficient mice has important physiological consequences. Taken together, our present study establishes novel aspect of aging-associated AT inflammation that is distinct from diet-induced AT inflammation. Our results also provide strong evidence that TLR4 plays a significant role in promoting aging adipose tissue inflammation.
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Fabre O, Ingerslev LR, Garde C, Donkin I, Simar D, Barrès R. Exercise training alters the genomic response to acute exercise in human adipose tissue. Epigenomics 2018; 10:1033-1050. [PMID: 29671347 PMCID: PMC6190185 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine the genomic mechanisms by which adipose tissue responds to acute and chronic exercise. Methods: We profiled the transcriptomic and epigenetic response to acute exercise in human adipose tissue collected before and after endurance training. Results: Although acute exercises were performed at same relative intensities, the magnitude of transcriptomic changes after acute exercise was reduced by endurance training. DNA methylation remodeling induced by acute exercise was more prominent in trained versus untrained state. We found an overlap between gene expression and DNA methylation changes after acute exercise for 32 genes pre-training and six post-training, notably at adipocyte-specific genes. Conclusion: Training status differentially affects the epigenetic and transcriptomic response to acute exercise in human adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Fabre
- Integrative Physiology, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars R Ingerslev
- Integrative Physiology, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Garde
- Integrative Physiology, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Donkin
- Integrative Physiology, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Simar
- Mechanisms of Disease & Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Romain Barrès
- Integrative Physiology, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Goetz B, An W, Mohapatra B, Zutshi N, Iseka F, Storck MD, Meza J, Sheinin Y, Band V, Band H. A novel CBL-Bflox/flox mouse model allows tissue-selective fully conditional CBL/CBL-B double-knockout: CD4-Cre mediated CBL/CBL-B deletion occurs in both T-cells and hematopoietic stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:51107-51123. [PMID: 27276677 PMCID: PMC5239462 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CBL-family ubiquitin ligases are critical negative regulators of tyrosine kinase signaling, with a clear redundancy between CBL and CBL-B evident in the immune cell and hematopoietic stem cell studies. Since CBL and CBL-B are negative regulators of immune cell activation, elimination of their function to boost immune cell activities could be beneficial in tumor immunotherapy. However, mutations of CBL are associated with human leukemias, pointing to tumor suppressor roles of CBL proteins; hence, it is critical to assess the tumor-intrinsic roles of CBL and CBL-B in cancers. This has not been possible since the only available whole-body CBL-B knockout mice exhibit constitutive tumor rejection. We engineered a new CBL-Bflox/flox mouse, combined this with an existing CBLflox/flox mouse to generate CBLflox/flox; CBL-Bflox/flox mice, and tested the tissue-specific concurrent deletion of CBL and CBL-B using the widely-used CD4-Cre transgenic allele to produce a T-cell-specific double knockout. Altered T-cell development, constitutive peripheral T-cell activation, and a lethal multi-organ immune infiltration phenotype largely resembling the previous Lck-Cre driven floxed-CBL deletion on a CBL-B knockout background establish the usefulness of the new model for tissue-specific CBL/CBL-B deletion. Unexpectedly, CD4-Cre-induced deletion in a small fraction of hematopoietic stem cells led to expansion of certain non-T-cell lineages, suggesting caution in the use of CD4-Cre for T-cell-restricted gene deletion. The establishment of a new model of concurrent tissue-selective CBL/CBL-B deletion should allow a clear assessment of the tumor-intrinsic roles of CBL/CBL-B in non-myeloid malignancies and help test the potential for CBL/CBL-B inactivation in immunotherapy of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Goetz
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Wei An
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Bhopal Mohapatra
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Neha Zutshi
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Fany Iseka
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Matthew D Storck
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jane Meza
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yuri Sheinin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vimla Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Hamid Band
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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21
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Tong X, Zhang D, Charney N, Jin E, VanDommelen K, Stamper K, Gupta N, Saldate J, Yin L. DDB1-Mediated CRY1 Degradation Promotes FOXO1-Driven Gluconeogenesis in Liver. Diabetes 2017; 66:2571-2582. [PMID: 28790135 PMCID: PMC5606320 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation through ubiquitination is an important step in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Here, we present evidence that the DDB1-CUL4A ubiquitin E3 ligase functions as a novel metabolic regulator that promotes FOXO1-driven hepatic gluconeogenesis. In vivo, hepatocyte-specific Ddb1 deletion leads to impaired hepatic gluconeogenesis in the mouse liver but protects mice from high-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia. Lack of Ddb1 downregulates FOXO1 protein expression and impairs FOXO1-driven gluconeogenic response. Mechanistically, we discovered that DDB1 enhances FOXO1 protein stability via degrading the circadian protein cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), a known target of DDB1 E3 ligase. In the Cry1 depletion condition, insulin fails to reduce the nuclear FOXO1 abundance and suppress gluconeogenic gene expression. Chronic depletion of Cry1 in the mouse liver not only increases FOXO1 protein but also enhances hepatic gluconeogenesis. Thus, we have identified the DDB1-mediated CRY1 degradation as an important target of insulin action on glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nicholas Charney
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ethan Jin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kyle VanDommelen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kenneth Stamper
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Neil Gupta
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Johnny Saldate
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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22
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Zhong J, Wang H, Chen W, Sun Z, Chen J, Xu Y, Weng M, Shi Q, Ma D, Miao C. Ubiquitylation of MFHAS1 by the ubiquitin ligase praja2 promotes M1 macrophage polarization by activating JNK and p38 pathways. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2763. [PMID: 28471450 PMCID: PMC5520684 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammation caused by infection. The balance between M1–M2 macrophage polarization has an essential role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. However, the exact mechanism underlying macrophage polarization is unclear. We previously showed that levels of malignant fibrous histiocytoma amplified sequence 1 (MFHAS1) were significantly elevated in septic patients compared with those in nonseptic patients, and involved in the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway. In the present study, we explored whether MFHAS1 was involved in macrophage polarization and determined the effect of MFHAS1 on inflammation. We performed in vitro pulldown assays and in vivo co-immunoprecipitation assays and found that E3 ubiquitin ligase praja2 could directly bind to MFHAS1. In situ immunostaining analysis confirmed the colocalization of endogenous praja2 with MFHAS1. We first reported that praja2 promotes the accumulation of ubiquitylated MFHAS1 but does not degrade it. Moreover, our results indicate that MFHAS1 ubiquitylation by praja2 positively regulates TLR2-mediated JNK/p38 pathway and promotes M1 macrophage polarization, M2 to M1 macrophage transformation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wankun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhirong Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meilin Weng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiqing Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
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23
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Rong H, Jiao H, Hao Y, Pang F, Li G, Peng D, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Fan Q, Wang F, Chen C, Du L. CD14 gene silencing alters the microRNA expression profile of RAW264.7 cells stimulated by Brucella melitensis infection. Innate Immun 2017; 23:424-431. [PMID: 28443393 DOI: 10.1177/1753425917707025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate recognition of Brucella spp. is a key step in the activation of inflammation. CD14 binds PAMPs and is involved in LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Previously we showed that knock down of CD14 in RAW264.7 macrophages disrupted Brucella-host interactions. However, its effect on the macrophage microRNA (miRNA) expression profile, especially after stimulation by Brucella infection, is still unclear. To identify miRNAs involved in the macrophage response to Brucella infection, we performed miRNA expression profiling of CD14 knock-down RAW264.7 (224.3) macrophages infected with Brucella melitensis, and demonstrated, for the first time, that CD14 knock down significantly up-regulated the expression of mmu-miR-199a-3p and mmu-miR-183-5p in these conditions. These miRNAs have a well-characterized association with the target genes involved in immune response, inflammatory response, innate immune response, apoptosis processes, anti-apoptosis, cytokine production and cytokine-mediated signaling pathways. Among the 104 inflammation-related candidate target genes of mmu-miR-199a-3p and mmu-miR-183-5p in the 224.3+ B. melitensis group cells, the expression of the Cbl-b, a potential target of mmu-miR-199a-3p, was confirmed to be down-regulated using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Our findings suggest that CD14 functions in the Brucella-host interaction may be through altered miRNA expression, and regulation of Cbl-b proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Rong
- 1 College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction and Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Laboratory of Haikou, Haidian Island, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanwei Jiao
- 1 College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction and Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Laboratory of Haikou, Haidian Island, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchang Hao
- 1 College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction and Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Laboratory of Haikou, Haidian Island, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Pang
- 1 College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction and Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Laboratory of Haikou, Haidian Island, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Li
- 1 College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction and Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Laboratory of Haikou, Haidian Island, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Peng
- 1 College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction and Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Laboratory of Haikou, Haidian Island, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaying Li
- 1 College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction and Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Laboratory of Haikou, Haidian Island, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhi Wang
- 2 College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- 2 College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanshui Fan
- 3 Chengdu Military Command CDC, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyang Wang
- 1 College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction and Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Laboratory of Haikou, Haidian Island, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- 2 College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Du
- 1 College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Reproduction and Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Animal Genetic Engineering Key Laboratory of Haikou, Haidian Island, Haikou, People's Republic of China
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24
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Abe T, Hirasaka K, Nikawa T. Involvement of Cbl-b-mediated macrophage inactivation in insulin resistance. World J Diabetes 2017; 8:97-103. [PMID: 28344752 PMCID: PMC5348625 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v8.i3.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and overnutrition cause obesity in rodents and humans. It is well-known that obesity causes various diseases by producing insulin resistance (IR). Macrophages infiltrate the adipose tissue (AT) of obese individuals and cause chronic low-level inflammation associated with IR. Macrophage infiltration is regulated by the chemokines that are released from hypertrophied adipocytes and the immune cells in AT. Saturated fatty acids are recognized by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and induce inflammatory responses in AT macrophages (ATMs). The inflammatory cytokines that are released from activated ATMs promote IR in peripheral organs, such as the liver, skeletal muscle and AT. Therefore, ATM activation is a therapeutic target for IR in obesity. The ubiquitin ligase Casitas b-lineage lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) appears to potently suppress macrophage migration and activation. Cbl-b is highly expressed in leukocytes and negatively regulates signals associated with migration and activation. Cbl-b deficiency enhances ATM accumulation and IR in aging- and diet-induced obese mice. Cbl-b inhibits migration-related signals and SFA-induced TLR4 signaling in ATMs. Thus, targeting Cbl-b may be a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce the IR induced by ATM activation. In this review, we summarize the regulatory functions of Cbl-b in ATMs.
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25
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Chen Z. Adapter proteins regulate insulin resistance and lipid metabolism in obesity. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-016-1058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Yang XD, Xiang DX, Yang YY. Role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in insulin resistance. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18:747-54. [PMID: 27097743 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligases are a large family of proteins that catalyse the ubiquitination of many proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome. E3 ubiquitin ligases play pivotal roles in the process of insulin resistance and diabetes. In this review, we summarize the currently available studies to analyse the potential role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in the development of insulin resistance. We propose two mechanisms by which E3 ubiquitin ligases can affect the process of insulin resistance. First, E3 ubiquitin ligases directly degrade the insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate and other key insulin signalling molecules via the UPS. Second, E3 ubiquitin ligases indirectly regulate insulin signalling by regulating pro-inflammatory mediators that are involved in the regulation of insulin signalling molecules, such as tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-4, IL-13, IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Determining the mechanism by which E3 ubiquitin ligases affect the development of insulin resistance can identify a novel strategy to protect against insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-D Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - D-X Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Y-Y Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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27
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Goru SK, Pandey A, Gaikwad AB. E3 ubiquitin ligases as novel targets for inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Res 2016; 106:1-9. [PMID: 26875639 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is one of the post translational modifications which decide the fate of various proteins in the cells, by either directing them towards proteasomal degradation or participation in several cell signalling pathways. Recently, the role of ubiquitination has been unravelled in pathogenesis and progression of various diseases, where inflammation is critical, like obesity, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, angiotensin-II induced cardiac inflammation and asthma. E3 ligases are known to be instrumental in regulation of the inflammatory cascade. This review focuses on the role of different E3 ligases in the development of inflammatory diseases and thus may help us to target these E3 ligases in future drug discovery to prevent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Goru
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Anuradha Pandey
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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28
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Li JJ, Ferry RJ, Diao S, Xue B, Bahouth SW, Liao FF. Nedd4 haploinsufficient mice display moderate insulin resistance, enhanced lipolysis, and protection against high-fat diet-induced obesity. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1283-91. [PMID: 25607895 PMCID: PMC4399314 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 4 (Nedd4) is the prototypical protein in the Nedd4 ubiquitin ligase (E3) family, which governs ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis and/or degradation of plasma membrane proteins. Loss of Nedd4 results in embryonic or neonatal lethality in mice and reduced insulin/IGF-1 signaling in embryonic fibroblasts. To delineate the roles of Nedd4 in vivo, we examined the phenotypes of heterozygous knockout mice using a high-fat diet-induced obesity (HFDIO) model. We observed that Nedd4+/- mice are moderately insulin resistant but paradoxically protected against HFDIO. After high-fat diet feeding, Nedd4+/- mice showed less body weight gain, less fat mass, and smaller adipocytes vs the wild type. Despite ameliorated HFDIO, Nedd4+/- mice did not manifest improvement in glucose tolerance vs the wild type in both genders. Nedd4+/- male, but not female, mice displayed significantly lower fasting blood glucose levels and serum insulin levels. Under obesogenic conditions, Nedd4+/- mice displayed elevated stimulated lipolytic activity, primarily through a β2-adrenergic receptor. Combined, these data support novel complex roles for Nedd4 in metabolic regulation involving altered insulin and β-adrenergic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jing Li
- Departments of Pharmacology (J.J.L., S.D., S.W.B., F.-F.L.) and Pediatrics (R.J.F.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163; Department of Psychology (R.J.F), University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152; and Department of Biology (B.X.), Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302
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29
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Lutz-Nicoladoni C, Wolf D, Sopper S. Modulation of Immune Cell Functions by the E3 Ligase Cbl-b. Front Oncol 2015; 5:58. [PMID: 25815272 PMCID: PMC4356231 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of immunological tolerance is a critical hallmark of the immune system. Several signaling checkpoints necessary to balance activating and inhibitory input to immune cells have been described so far, among which the E3 ligase Cbl-b appears to be a central player. Cbl-b is expressed in all leukocyte subsets and regulates several signaling pathways in T cells, NK cells, B cells, and different types of myeloid cells. In most cases, Cbl-b negatively regulates activation signals through antigen or pattern recognition receptors and co-stimulatory molecules. In line with this function, cblb-deficient immune cells display lower activation thresholds and cblb knockout mice spontaneously develop autoimmunity and are highly susceptible to experimental autoimmunity. Interestingly, genetic association studies link CBLB-polymorphisms with autoimmunity also in humans. Vice versa, the increased activation potential of cblb-deficient cells renders them more potent to fight against malignancies or infections. Accordingly, several reports have shown that cblb knockout mice reject tumors, which mainly depends on cytotoxic T and NK cells. Thus, targeting Cbl-b may be an interesting strategy to enhance anti-cancer immunity. In this review, we summarize the findings on the molecular function of Cbl-b in different cell types and illustrate the potential of Cbl-b as target for immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lutz-Nicoladoni
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria ; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Haematology and Rheumatology, University Clinic Bonn (UKB) , Bonn , Germany
| | - Sieghart Sopper
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria ; Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute , Innsbruck , Austria
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30
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Zhou H, Wan B, Grubisic I, Kaplan T, Tjian R. TAF7L modulates brown adipose tissue formation. eLife 2014; 3. [PMID: 24876128 PMCID: PMC4066819 DOI: 10.7554/elife.02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an essential role in metabolic homeostasis by dissipating energy via thermogenesis through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Previously, we reported that the TATA-binding protein associated factor 7L (TAF7L) is an important regulator of white adipose tissue (WAT) differentiation. In this study, we show that TAF7L also serves as a molecular switch between brown fat and muscle lineages in vivo and in vitro. In adipose tissue, TAF7L-containing TFIID complexes associate with PPARγ to mediate DNA looping between distal enhancers and core promoter elements. Our findings suggest that the presence of the tissue-specific TAF7L subunit in TFIID functions to promote long-range chromatin interactions during BAT lineage specification. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02811.001 Mammals produce two distinct types of adipose tissue: white adipose tissue (white fat) is the more common type and is used to store energy; brown adipose tissue (brown fat) is mostly found in young animals and infants, and it plays an important role in dissipating energy as heat rather than storing it in fat for future use. In adults, higher levels of brown fat are associated with lower levels of fat overall, so there is considerable interest in learning more about this form of fat to help address rising levels of obesity in the world. Building on previous work in which they showed that a gene control protein called TAF7L has a central role in the development of the cells that make up white adipose tissue, Zhou et al. now show that this protein also helps to regulate the development of brown adipose tissue. Mice lacking the gene for this protein developed embryos with 40% less brown fat than wild-type mice with the gene. Moreover, these mice developed muscle-like cells in the regions that should have contained brown fat. Gene expression analysis revealed that ‘knocking out’ the gene for TAF7L changed the expression of more than a thousand genes in these mice. Zhou et al. suggest that TAF7L works as a ‘molecular switch’ that determines whether certain precursor cells (called mesenchymal stem cells) go on to become brown fat cells or muscle cells. A future challenge will be to devise interventions to regulate the activity or levels of TAF7L as a potential means of modulating brown fat depots in animals and humans. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02811.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ivan Grubisic
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Tommy Kaplan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Robert Tjian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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Abe T, Hirasaka K, Kohno S, Ochi A, Yamagishi N, Ohno A, Teshima-Kondo S, Nikawa T. Ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b and obesity-induced insulin resistance. Endocr J 2014; 61:529-38. [PMID: 24614797 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej14-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity causes type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases by inducing systemic insulin resistance. It is now recognized that obesity is related to chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue. Specifically, activated immune cells infiltrate adipose tissue and cause inflammation. There is increasing evidence that activated macrophages accumulate in the hypertrophied adipose tissue of rodents and humans and induce systemic insulin resistance by secreting inflammatory cytokines. Accordingly, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying macrophage activation in adipose tissue will facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies. Currently, little is known about the regulation of macrophage activation, although E3 ubiquitin ligase Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (Cbl)-b was identified recently as a novel negative regulator of macrophage activation in adipose tissue. Cbl-b, which is a suppressor of T- and B-cell activation, inhibits intracellular signal transduction by targeting some tyrosine kinases. Notably, preventing Cbl-b-mediated macrophage activation improves obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice. c-Cbl is another member of the Cbl family that is associated with insulin resistance in obesity. These reports suggest that Cbl-b and c-Cbl are potential therapeutic targets for treating obesity-induced insulin resistance. In this review, we focus on the importance of Cbl-b in macrophage activation in aging-induced and high-fat diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Abe
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Lin M, Tang SCW. Toll-like receptors: sensing and reacting to diabetic injury in the kidney. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 29:746-54. [PMID: 24203812 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that immunologic and inflammatory elements play an important role in initiating and orchestrating the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN), but until recently, the identity of specific innate immune pattern recognition receptors or sensors that recognize diverse diabetic 'danger signals' to trigger the proinflammatory cascade during DN remains unknown. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an emerging family of receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns as well as damage-associated molecular patterns to promote the activation of leukocytes and intrinsic renal cells in non-immune kidney disease. Recent data from in vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted the critical role of TLRs, mainly TLR2 and TLR4, in the pathogenesis of DN. This review focuses on emerging findings elucidating how TLR signaling could sense and react to the metabolic stress and endogenous ligands activated by the diabetic state, thereby initiating and perpetuating renal inflammation and fibrogenesis in diabetic kidney disease. Novel strategies potentially targeting TLR signaling that could have therapeutic implications in DN are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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