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Calubag MF, Robbins PD, Lamming DW. A nutrigeroscience approach: Dietary macronutrients and cellular senescence. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1914-1944. [PMID: 39178854 PMCID: PMC11386599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence, a process in which a cell exits the cell cycle in response to stressors, is one of the hallmarks of aging. Senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-a heterogeneous set of secreted factors that disrupt tissue homeostasis and promote the accumulation of senescent cells-reprogram metabolism and can lead to metabolic dysfunction. Dietary interventions have long been studied as methods to combat age-associated metabolic dysfunction, promote health, and increase lifespan. A growing body of literature suggests that senescence is responsive to diet, both to calories and specific dietary macronutrients, and that the metabolic benefits of dietary interventions may arise in part through reducing senescence. Here, we review what is currently known about dietary macronutrients' effect on senescence and the SASP, the nutrient-responsive molecular mechanisms that may mediate these effects, and the potential for these findings to inform the development of a nutrigeroscience approach to healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah F Calubag
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Institute On the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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2
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He Y, Wu P, Jiang W, Liu Y, Jin X, Ren H, Zhang R, Zhou X, Feng L. Methionine deficiency inhibited pyroptosis in primary hepatocytes of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): possibly via activating the ROS-AMPK-autophagy axis. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:116. [PMID: 39218924 PMCID: PMC11368015 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methionine (Met) is the only sulfur-containing amino acid among animal essential amino acids, and methionine deficiency (MD) causes tissue damage and cell death in animals. The common modes of cell death include apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, necroptosis. However, the studies about the major modes of cell death caused by MD have not been reported, which worth further study. METHODS Primary hepatocytes from grass carp were isolated and treated with different doses of Met (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 mmol/L) to examine the expression of apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy and necroptosis-related proteins. Based on this, we subsequently modeled pyroptosis using lipopolysaccharides and nigericin sodium salt, then autophagy inhibitors chloroquine (CQ), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitors compound C (CC) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) were further used to examine the expression of proteins related to pyroptosis, autophagy and AMPK pathway in MD-treated cells respectively. RESULTS MD up-regulated B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bax), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II (LC3 II), and down-regulated the protein expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), sequestosome 1 (p62), cleaved-caspase-1, cleaved-interleukin (IL)-1β, and receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIP) 1 in hepatocytes, while it did not significantly affect RIP3. In addition, MD significantly increased the protein expression of liver kinase B1 (LKB1), p-AMPK, and Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) without significant effect on p-target of rapamycin. Subsequently, the use of CQ increased the protein expression of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3), cleaved-caspase-1, and cleaved-IL-1β inhibited by MD; the use of CC significantly decreased the protein expression of MD-induced LC3 II and increased the protein expression of MD-suppressed p62; then the use of NAC decreased the MD-induced p-AMPK protein expression. CONCLUSION MD promoted autophagy and apoptosis, but inhibited pyroptosis and necroptosis. MD inhibited pyroptosis may be related regarding the promotion of autophagy. MD activated AMPK by inducing ROS production which in turn promoted autophagy. These results could provide partial theoretical basis for the possible mechanisms of Met in ensuring the normal structure and function of animal organs. Furthermore, ferroptosis is closely related to redox states, it is worth investigating whether MD affects ferroptosis in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlin He
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Weidan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowan Jin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruinan Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Zaman K, Mun HC, Solon-Biet SM, Senior AM, Raubenheimer D, Simpson SJ, Conigrave AD. Mice Regulate Dietary Amino Acid Balance and Energy Intake by Selecting between Complementary Protein Sources. J Nutr 2024; 154:1766-1780. [PMID: 38583524 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A balanced intake of protein and constituent amino acids (AAs) requires adjustments to total food intake (protein leverage [PL]) and food selection to balance deficits and excesses (complementary feeding). We provided mice with choices of casein and whey, 2 protein sources that are complementary in AA balance, across a range of protein concentrations (P%) of digestible energy (DE). OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine if: 1) PL operates similarly for casein and whey; 2) one protein source is preferred at control P%; 3) the preference changes as P% falls; and 4) AA intakes under control and low P% levels identify AAs that drive changes in protein selection. METHODS Food intake and plasma fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) concentrations were measured in mice at various P% (P7.5%-P33%). For direct comparisons, defined diets were used in which the protein source was either casein or whey. In food choice studies, mice had access to foods in which both casein and whey were provided at the same P% level at the same time. RESULTS PL operated at different P% thresholds in casein (13%)- and whey (10%)-based diets, and the magnitude of PL was greater for casein. Although mice preferred casein under control conditions (P23%), a pronounced preference shift to whey occurred as P% fell to P13% and P10%. At low P%, increases in food intake were accompanied by increases in plasma FGF21, a protein hunger signal. Among AAs deficient in casein and enriched in whey, the intake of Cys was the most invariant as P% changed between P23% and P10%, appearing to drive the switch in protein preference. CONCLUSIONS Mice selected between complementary protein sources, casein and whey, achieving stable total energy intake and regulated intake of AAs as P% varied. Supplementation of low P% casein diets with one whey-enriched AA, Cys, suppressed plasma FGF21 and total food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamrul Zaman
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hee-Chang Mun
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha M Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Arthur D Conigrave
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Xue J, Ye C. The role of lipoylation in mitochondrial adaptation to methionine restriction. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300218. [PMID: 38616332 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction (MR) is associated with a spectrum of health-promoting benefits. Being conducive to prevention of chronic diseases and extension of life span, MR can activate integrated responses at metabolic, transcriptional, and physiological levels. However, how the mitochondria of MR influence metabolic phenotypes remains elusive. Here, we provide a summary of cellular functions of methionine metabolism and an overview of the current understanding of effector mechanisms of MR, with a focus on the aspect of mitochondria-mediated responses. We propose that mitochondria can sense and respond to MR through a modulatory role of lipoylation, a mitochondrial protein modification sensitized by MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Xue
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cunqi Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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Xin L, Liu ZY, Liu CX, Sheng J, Zhou Q, Yuan YW, Yue ZQ, Lu H, Gan JH. KLF10/CBS increases the sensitivity of gastric carcinoma cells to methionine restriction by promoting sulfur transfer pathway. Exp Cell Res 2024; 437:114007. [PMID: 38499142 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer metastasis is a major cause of poor prognosis. Our previous research showed that methionine restriction (MR) lowers the invasiveness and motility of gastric carcinoma. In this study, we investigated the particular mechanisms of MR on gastric carcinoma metastasis. In vitro, gastric carcinoma cells (AGS, SNU-5, MKN7, KATO III, SNU-1, and MKN45) were grown in an MR medium for 24 h. In vivo, BALB/c mice were given a methionine-free (Met-) diet. Transwell assays were used to investigate cell invasion and migration. The amounts of Krüppel like factor 10 (KLF10) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) were determined using quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. To determine the relationship between KLF10 and CBS, chromatin immunoprecipitation and a dual-luciferase reporter experiment were used. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to detect lung metastasis. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine cystathionine content. MR therapy had varying effects on the invasion and migration of gastric carcinoma cells AGS, SNU-5, MKN7, KATO III, SNU-1, and MKN45. KLF10 was highly expressed in AGS cells but poorly expressed in KATO III cells. KLF10 improved MR's ability to prevent gastric carcinoma cell invasion and migration. In addition, KLF10 may interact with CBS, facilitating transcription. Further detection revealed that inhibiting the KLF10/CBS-mediated trans-sulfur pathway lowered Met-'s inhibitory effect on lung metastasis development. KLF10 transcription activated CBS, accelerated the trans-sulfur pathway, and increased gastric carcinoma cells' susceptibility to MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xin
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Zhi-Yang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chen-Xi Liu
- Excellent Ophthalmology Class 221, School of Ophthalmology &optometry, Nanchang University, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yi-Wu Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhen-Qi Yue
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jin-Heng Gan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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Garg S, Miousse IR. Rescue of Methionine Dependence by Cobalamin in a Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line. Nutrients 2024; 16:997. [PMID: 38613029 PMCID: PMC11013648 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Methionine dependence is a characteristic of most cancer cells where they are unable to proliferate when the essential amino acid methionine is replaced with its precursor homocysteine in the growing media. Normal cells, on the other hand, thrive under these conditions and are referred to as methionine-independent. The reaction that adds a methyl group from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to homocysteine to regenerate methionine is catalyzed by the enzyme methionine synthase with the cofactor cobalamin (vitamin B12). However, decades of research have shown that methionine dependence in cancer is not due to a defect in the activity of methionine synthase. Cobalamin metabolism has been tied to the dependent phenotype in rare cell lines. We have identified a human colorectal cancer cell line in which the cells regain the ability to proliferation in methionine-free, L-homocystine-supplemented media when cyanocobalamin is supplemented at a level of 1 µg/mL. In human SW48 cells, methionine replacement with L-homocystine does not induce any measurable increase in apoptosis or reactive oxygen species production in this cell line. Rather, proliferation is halted, then restored in the presence of cyanocobalamin. Our data show that supplementation with cyanocobalamin prevents the activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) in methionine-deprived media in this cell line. The ISR-associated cell cycle arrest, characteristic of methionine-dependence in cancer, is also prevented, leading to the continuation of proliferation in methionine-deprived SW48 cells with cobalamin. Our results highlight differences between cancer cell lines in the response to cobalamin supplementation in the context of methionine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabelle R. Miousse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
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7
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Ma Z, Horrocks J, Mir DA, Cox M, Ruzga M, Rollins J, Rogers AN. The integrated stress response protects against ER stress but is not required for altered translation and lifespan from dietary restriction in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1263344. [PMID: 38161330 PMCID: PMC10755965 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1263344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved integrated stress response (ISR) reduces and redirects mRNA translation in response to certain forms of stress and nutrient limitation. It is activated when kinases phosphorylate a key residue in the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2). General Control Nonderepressible-2 (GCN2) is activated to phosphorylate eIF2α by the presence of uncharged tRNA associated with nutrient scarcity, while protein kinase R-like ER kinase-1 (PERK) is activated during the ER unfolded protein response (UPRER). Here, we investigated the role of the ISR during nutrient limitation and ER stress with respect to changes in protein synthesis, translationally driven mRNA turnover, and survival in Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that, while GCN2 phosphorylates eIF2α when nutrients are restricted, the ability to phosphorylate eIF2α is not required for changes in translation, nonsense-mediated decay, or lifespan associated with dietary restriction (DR). Interestingly, loss of both GCN2 and PERK abolishes increased lifespan associated with dietary restriction, indicating the possibility of other substrates for these kinases. The ISR was not dispensable under ER stress conditions, as demonstrated by the requirement for PERK and eIF2α phosphorylation for decreased translation and wild type-like survival. Taken together, results indicate that the ISR is critical for ER stress and that other translation regulatory mechanisms are sufficient for increased lifespan under dietary restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aric N. Rogers
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
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Lail H, Mabb AM, Parent MB, Pinheiro F, Wanders D. Effects of Dietary Methionine Restriction on Cognition in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4950. [PMID: 38068808 PMCID: PMC10707861 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction of the essential amino acid, methionine, has been shown to induce unique metabolic protection. The peripheral benefits of methionine restriction (MR) are well established and include improvements in metabolic, energy, inflammatory, and lifespan parameters in preclinical models. These benefits all occur despite MR increasing energy intake, making MR an attractive dietary intervention for the prevention or reversal of many metabolic and chronic conditions. New and emerging evidence suggests that MR also benefits the brain and promotes cognitive health. Despite widespread interest in MR over the past few decades, many findings are limited in scope, and gaps remain in our understanding of its comprehensive effects on the brain and cognition. This review details the current literature investigating the impact of MR on cognition in various mouse models, highlights some of the key mechanisms responsible for its cognitive benefits, and identifies gaps that should be addressed in MR research moving forward. Overall findings indicate that in animal models, MR is associated with protection against obesity-, age-, and Alzheimer's disease-induced impairments in learning and memory that depend on different brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. These benefits are likely mediated by increases in fibroblast growth factor 21, alterations in methionine metabolism pathways, reductions in neuroinflammation and central oxidative stress, and potentially alterations in the gut microbiome, mitochondrial function, and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lail
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (H.L.); (F.P.)
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave., Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Angela M. Mabb
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave., Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.B.P.)
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Marise B. Parent
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave., Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; (A.M.M.); (M.B.P.)
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Filipe Pinheiro
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (H.L.); (F.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Desiree Wanders
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (H.L.); (F.P.)
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Cooke D, Ables GP. Physical activity of mice on dietary sulfur amino acid restriction is influenced by age of diet initiation and biological sex. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20609. [PMID: 37996548 PMCID: PMC10667228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR)-the reduction of methionine and cysteine concentrations either in the diet or by genetic manipulation-promotes health span and extends lifespan, but its effects on physical activity remain unclear. We investigated whether age of diet initiation and biological sex could influence physical activity in mice fed either a control diet (CF, 0.86% methionine w/w) or SAAR (0.12% methionine w/w). Quadriceps femoris muscle mass is smaller in SAAR than in CF mice. Young mice fed a chronic SAAR diet at 8 weeks of age exhibited improved wire hang and running wheel activities compared to young CF mice, while aged mice showed comparable results. The effects of chronic SAAR on physical activity was mildly influenced by sex as observed in middle-aged male SAAR mice who showed minor improvements than CF males while middle-aged females displayed no discernible effects. Muscle mass is minimally affected by changes in markers of protein synthesis, autophagy and atrophy. Improvements to physical activity in young SAAR mice could be partially attributed to increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial activity. Furthermore, SAAR in C2C12 myotubes increased citrate synthase protein expression and enhanced succinyl dehydrogenase enzyme activity compared to CF myotubes. Overall, our data reveal that SAAR can improve mouse physical activity without compromising muscle proteostasis. This is partially due to enhanced mitochondrial activity, but the effects are influenced by age of diet initiation and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cooke
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Inc., 855 Route 301, Cold Spring, NY, 10516, USA
| | - Gene P Ables
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Inc., 855 Route 301, Cold Spring, NY, 10516, USA.
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Hu Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Zhou Z, Wang J, Chen H, Huang M, Hu H, Dai Z, Jia K. Depletion of L-Methionine in Foods with an Engineered Thermophilic Methionine γ-lyase Efficiently Inhibits Tumor Growth. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37909421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Dietary restriction of l-methionine, an essential amino acid, exerts potent antitumor effects on l-methionine-dependent cancers. However, dietary restriction of l-methionine has not been practical for human therapy because of the problem with the administration of l-methionine concentration in foods. Here, a thermophilic methionine γ-lyase (MGL), that catalyzes the cleavage of the C-S bond in l-methionine to produce α-ketobutyric acid, methanethiol, and ammonia was engineered from human cystathionine γ-lyase and almost completely depleted l-methionine at 65 °C, a temperature that accelerates the volatilization of methanethiol and its oxidation products. The high efficiency of l-methionine lysis may be attributed to the cooperative fluctuation and moderate the structural rigidity of 4 monomers in the thermophilic MGL, which facilitates l-methionine access to the entrance of the active site. Experimental diets treated with thermophilic MGL markedly inhibited prostate tumor growth in mice, and in parallel, the in vivo concentrations of l-methionine, its transformation product l-cysteine, and the oxidative stress indicator malondialdehyde significantly decreased. These findings provide a technology for the depletion of l-methionine in foods with an engineered thermophilic MGL, which efficiently inhibits tumor growth in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangming Hu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Jiulin Zhang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Zhijing Zhou
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Jiaxue Wang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Hongyang Chen
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Meina Huang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Han Hu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Zongjie Dai
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Kaizhi Jia
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
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11
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Thyne KM, Salmon AB. Sexually dimorphic effects of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) on murine longevity and health span during methionine restriction. GeroScience 2023; 45:3003-3017. [PMID: 37391679 PMCID: PMC10643651 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00857-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine restriction (MR) extends lifespan in various model organisms, and understanding the molecular effectors of MR could expand the repertoire of tools targeting the aging process. Here, we address to what extent the biochemical pathway responsible for redox metabolism of methionine plays in regulating the effects of MR on lifespan and health span. Aerobic organisms have evolved methionine sulfoxide reductases to counter the oxidation of the thioether group contained in the essential amino acid methionine. Of these enzymes, methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues and has subcellular localization in both the cytosol and mitochondria. Loss of MsrA increases sensitivity to oxidative stress and has been associated with increased susceptibility to age-associated pathologies including metabolic dysfunction. We rationalized that limiting the available methionine with MR may place increased importance on methionine redox pathways, and that MsrA may be required to maintain available methionine for its critical uses in cellular homeostasis including protein synthesis, metabolism, and methylation. Using a genetic mutant mouse lacking MsrA, we tested the requirement for this enzyme in the effects of MR on longevity and markers of healthy aging late in life. When initiated in adulthood, we found that MR had minimal effects in males and females regardless of MsrA status. MR had minimal effect on lifespan with the exception of wild-type males where loss of MsrA slightly increased lifespan on MR. We also observed that MR drove an increase in body weight in wild-type mice only, but mice lacking MsrA tended to maintain more stable body weight throughout their lives. We also found that MR had greater benefit to males than females in terms of glucose metabolism and some functional health span assessments, but MsrA generally had minimal impact on these metrics. Frailty was also found to be unaffected by MR or MsrA in aged animals. We found that in general, MsrA was not required for the beneficial effects of MR on longevity and health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Thyne
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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12
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Wilder CS, Chiou J, Battenhouse A, Saha A, Chen Z, Kim E, Gadallah MI, Tiziani S, Georgiou G, Stone E, DiGiovanni J. Enzymatic depletion of l-Met using an engineered human enzyme as a novel therapeutic strategy for melanoma. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1531-1545. [PMID: 37378415 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Many cancers, including melanoma, have a higher requirement for l-methionine in comparison with noncancerous cells. In this study, we show that administration of an engineered human methionine-γ-lyase (hMGL) significantly reduced the survival of both human and mouse melanoma cells in vitro. A multiomics approach was utilized to identify global changes in gene expression and in metabolite levels with hMGL treatment in melanoma cells. There was considerable overlap in the perturbed pathways identified in the two data sets. Common pathways were flagged for further investigation to understand their mechanistic importance. In this regard, hMGL treatment induced S and G2 phase cell cycle arrest, decreased nucleotide levels, and increased DNA double-strand breaks suggesting an important role for replication stress in the mechanism of hMGL effects on melanoma cells. Further, hMGL treatment resulted in increased cellular reactive oxygen species levels and increased apoptosis as well as uncharged transfer RNA pathway upregulation. Finally, treatment with hMGL significantly inhibited the growth of both mouse and human melanoma cells in orthotopic tumor models in vivo. Overall, the results of this study provide a strong rationale for further mechanistic evaluation and clinical development of hMGL for the treatment of melanoma skin cancer and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly S Wilder
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer Chiou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Anna Battenhouse
- Center for Biomedical Research Support, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Achinto Saha
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Zhao Chen
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Eunice Kim
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Mohamed I Gadallah
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Texas Dell Medical School, LiveSTRONG Cancer Institutes, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Oncology, University of Texas Dell Medical School, LiveSTRONG Cancer Institutes, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Everett Stone
- Department of Oncology, University of Texas Dell Medical School, LiveSTRONG Cancer Institutes, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Oncology, University of Texas Dell Medical School, LiveSTRONG Cancer Institutes, Austin, Texas, USA
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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13
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Jonsson WO, Borowik AK, Pranay A, Kinter MT, Mirek ET, Levy JL, Snyder EM, Miller BF, Anthony TG. Kinetic proteomics identifies targeted changes in liver metabolism and the ribo-interactome by dietary sulfur amino acid restriction. GeroScience 2023; 45:2425-2441. [PMID: 36976488 PMCID: PMC10651627 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00758-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) protects against diet-induced obesity, extends healthspan, and coincides with an overall reduction in hepatic protein synthesis. To explore the underpinnings of SAAR-induced slowed growth and its impact on liver metabolism and proteostasis, we resolved changes in hepatic mRNA and protein abundances and compared synthesis rates of individual liver proteins. To achieve this, adult male mice were provided deuterium-labeled drinking water while freely consuming either a regular-fat or high-fat diet that was SAA restricted. Livers from these mice and their respective dietary controls were used to conduct transcriptomic, proteomic, and kinetic proteomic analyses. We found that remodeling of the transcriptome by SAAR was largely agnostic to dietary fat content. Shared signatures included activation of the integrated stress response alongside alterations in metabolic processes impacting lipids, fatty acids, and amino acids. Changes to the proteome correlated poorly with the transcriptome, and yet, functional clustering of kinetic proteomic changes in the liver during SAAR revealed that the management of fatty acids and amino acids were altered to support central metabolism and redox balance. Dietary SAAR also strongly influenced the synthesis rates of ribosomal proteins and ribosome-interacting proteins regardless of dietary fat. Taken together, dietary SAAR alters the transcriptome and proteome in the liver to safely manage increased fatty acid flux and energy use and couples this with targeted changes in the ribo-interactome to support proteostasis and slowed growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- William O Jonsson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road - Foran Hall, Room 166, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Agnieszka K Borowik
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Atul Pranay
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael T Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Emily T Mirek
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road - Foran Hall, Room 166, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Jordan L Levy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road - Foran Hall, Room 166, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Snyder
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma City VA, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tracy G Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, 59 Dudley Road - Foran Hall, Room 166, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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14
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Flores V, Spicer AB, Sonsalla MM, Richardson NE, Yu D, Sheridan GE, Trautman ME, Babygirija R, Cheng EP, Rojas JM, Yang SE, Wakai MH, Hubbell R, Kasza I, Tomasiewicz JL, Green CL, Dantoin C, Alexander CM, Baur JA, Malecki KC, Lamming DW. Regulation of metabolic health by dietary histidine in mice. J Physiol 2023; 601:2139-2163. [PMID: 36086823 PMCID: PMC9995620 DOI: 10.1113/jp283261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-protein (LP) diets are associated with a decreased risk of diabetes in humans, and promote leanness and glycaemic control in both rodents and humans. While the effects of an LP diet on glycaemic control are mediated by reduced levels of the branched-chain amino acids, we have observed that reducing dietary levels of the other six essential amino acids leads to changes in body composition. Here, we find that dietary histidine plays a key role in the response to an LP diet in male C57BL/6J mice. Specifically reducing dietary levels of histidine by 67% reduces the weight gain of young, lean male mice, reducing both adipose and lean mass without altering glucose metabolism, and rapidly reverses diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis in diet-induced obese male mice, increasing insulin sensitivity. This normalization of metabolic health was associated not with caloric restriction or increased activity, but with increased energy expenditure. Surprisingly, the effects of histidine restriction do not require the energy balance hormone Fgf21. Histidine restriction that was started in midlife promoted leanness and glucose tolerance in aged males but not females, but did not affect frailty or lifespan in either sex. Finally, we demonstrate that variation in dietary histidine levels helps to explain body mass index differences in humans. Overall, our findings demonstrate that dietary histidine is a key regulator of weight and body composition in male mice and in humans, and suggest that reducing dietary histidine may be a translatable option for the treatment of obesity. KEY POINTS: Protein restriction (PR) promotes metabolic health in rodents and humans and extends rodent lifespan. Restriction of specific individual essential amino acids can recapitulate the benefits of PR. Reduced histidine promotes leanness and increased energy expenditure in male mice. Reduced histidine does not extend the lifespan of mice when begun in midlife. Dietary levels of histidine are positively associated with body mass index in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Flores
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alexandra B. Spicer
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Michelle M. Sonsalla
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nicole E. Richardson
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Deyang Yu
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Grace E. Sheridan
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Michaela E. Trautman
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Reji Babygirija
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Eunhae P. Cheng
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Rojas
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shany E. Yang
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Matthew H. Wakai
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ryan Hubbell
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ildiko Kasza
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | - Cara L. Green
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Claudia Dantoin
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Caroline M. Alexander
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Joseph A. Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kristen C. Malecki
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Dudley W. Lamming
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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15
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Feng C, Jiang Y, Wu G, Shi Y, Ge Y, Li B, Cheng X, Tang X, Zhu J, Le G. Dietary Methionine Restriction Improves Gastrocnemius Muscle Glucose Metabolism through Improved Insulin Secretion and H19/IRS-1/Akt Pathway in Middle-Aged Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:5655-5666. [PMID: 36995760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Methionine restriction (MR) improves glucose metabolism. In skeletal muscle, H19 is a key regulator of insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the underlying mechanism of H19 upon MR on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle. Middle-aged mice were fed MR diet for 25 weeks. Mouse islets β cell line β-TC6 cells and mouse myoblast cell line C2C12 cells were used to establish the apoptosis or insulin resistance model. Our findings showed that MR increased B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression, deceased Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), cleaved cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) expression in pancreas, and promoted insulin secretion of β-TC6 cells. Meanwhile, MR increased H19 expression, insulin Receptor Substrate-1/insulin Receptor Substrate-2 (IRS-1/IRS-2) value, protein Kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation, and hexokinase 2 (HK2) expression in gastrocnemius muscle and promoted glucose uptake in C2C12 cells. But these results were reversed after H19 knockdown in C2C12 cells. In conclusion, MR alleviates pancreatic apoptosis and promotes insulin secretion. And MR enhances gastrocnemius muscle insulin-dependent glucose uptake and utilization via the H19/IRS-1/Akt pathway, thereby ameliorating blood glucose disorders and insulin resistance in high-fat-diet (HFD) middle-aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxing Feng
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuge Jiang
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guoqing Wu
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yonghui Shi
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yueting Ge
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiangrong Cheng
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xue Tang
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianjin Zhu
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guowei Le
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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16
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McGilvrey M, Fortier B, Tero B, Cooke D, Cooper E, Walker J, Koza R, Ables G, Liaw L. Effects of dietary methionine restriction on age-related changes in perivascular and beiging adipose tissues in the mouse. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:159-170. [PMID: 36513498 PMCID: PMC9780157 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) regulates vascular health. Dietary methionine restriction (MetR) impacts age-related adiposity, and this study addresses its effects in PVAT. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice at 8, 52, and 102 weeks of age were fed a standard (0.86%) or low-methionine (0.12%) diet for 52 weeks in 8-week-old and 52-week-old mice and for 15 weeks in 102-week-old mice. RESULTS Mice with dietary MetR were resistant to weight gain and maintained a healthy blood profile. Aging increased lipid accumulation, and MetR reversed this phenotype. Notch signaling in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) was decreased by MetR but increased in gonadal white adipose tissue. However, the Notch phenotype of brown adipose tissue (BAT) was not affected by MetR. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) was increased in PVAT, iWAT, and BAT by MetR when initiated in young mice, but this effect was lost in middle-aged mice. CONCLUSIONS Lipid in mouse PVAT peaked at 1 year of age, consistent with peak body mass. MetR reduced body weight, normalized metabolic parameters, and decreased lipid in PVAT in all age cohorts. Mice fed a MetR diet from early maturity to 1 year of age displayed an increased thermogenic adipocyte phenotype in iWAT, PVAT, and BAT, all tissues with thermogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa McGilvrey
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine
| | - Bethany Fortier
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Maine
| | - Benjamin Tero
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research
| | - Diana Cooke
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Inc
| | - Emily Cooper
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research
| | - Jeffrey Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Maine
| | - Robert Koza
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine
| | - Gene Ables
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Inc
| | - Lucy Liaw
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Maine
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine
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17
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Xi Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Liu Q, Chen X, Liu X, Grune T, Shi L, Hou M, Liu Z. Effects of methionine intake on cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment patients and APP/PS1 Alzheimer's Disease model mice: Role of the cystathionine-β-synthase/H 2S pathway. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102595. [PMID: 36608589 PMCID: PMC9813720 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As a dietary intervention, methionine restriction (MR) has been reported to increase longevity and improve metabolism disorders. However, the effects of MR on alleviating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) are largely unexplored. Here we sought to investigate the neuroprotective effects of low methionine intake in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients and APP/PS1 AD model mice, and to uncover the underlying mechanisms. In a cohort composed of 45 individuals diagnosed with MCI and 61 healthy controls without cognitive impairment, methionine intake was found to be positively associated with the increased risk of MCI, where no sex differences were observed. We further conducted a 16-week MR intervention (0.17% methionine, w/w) on APP/PS1 AD model mice. Although MR reduced Aβ accumulation in the brain of both male and female APP/PS1 mice, MR improved cognitive function only in male mice, as assessed by the Morris water maze test. Consistently, MR restored synapse ultrastructure and alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis in the brain of male APP/PS1 mice. Importantly, MR effectively balanced the redox status and activated cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS)/H2S pathway in the brain of male APP/PS1 mice. Together, our study indicated that lower dietary methionine intake is associated with improved cognitive function, in which CBS/H2S pathway plays an essential role. MR could be a promising nutritional intervention for preventing AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Xi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tilman Grune
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Lin Shi
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, 710119, China.
| | - Min Hou
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzen, Guangdong, 518000, China.
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18
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The Association between Methionine Intake and Diabetes in Chinese Adults-Results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010116. [PMID: 36615773 PMCID: PMC9823418 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association between methionine intake and diabetes prevalence in Chinese adults and explore whether the association was source-specific. Data from 12,849 adults aged ≥20 years old were used from the China Health and Nutrition Survey during 1997-2011. Diabetes was diagnosed as self-reported and/or when blood tests results met the diagnostic criteria. A 3-day, 24-h recall was used to assess different sources of methionine. Multivariable mixed linear regression was used to examine the associations. Across the quartiles of total methionine intake, the odds ratio (ORs, 95% CI) of diabetes were 1.00, 1.49 (1.21 to 1.82), 1.72 (1.37 to 2.15), and 2.53 (1.97 to 3.23). In the subgroup analysis, similar trends were observed in both animal and plant methionine. There was a significant interaction between urbanization and diabetes. The positive association was only significant in those who lived in low or medium urbanization areas. The ORs (95% CI) were 1.00, 1.27 (0.85 to 1.88), 1.56 (1.01 to 2.39), and 1.79 (1.09 to 2.95) for medium urbanization, respectively. No interaction was identified when stratified by different methionine sources. In conclusion, methionine intake was positively associated with diabetes independent of food source, and it was modified by urbanization levels.
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19
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Fibroblast growth factor 21 and dietary macronutrient intake in female mice. Physiol Behav 2022; 257:113995. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhang Y, Jelleschitz J, Grune T, Chen W, Zhao Y, Jia M, Wang Y, Liu Z, Höhn A. Methionine restriction - Association with redox homeostasis and implications on aging and diseases. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102464. [PMID: 36152485 PMCID: PMC9508608 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine is an essential amino acid, involved in the promotion of growth, immunity, and regulation of energy metabolism. Over the decades, research has long focused on the beneficial effects of methionine supplementation, while data on positive effects of methionine restriction (MR) were first published in 1993. MR is a low-methionine dietary intervention that has been reported to ameliorate aging and aging-related health concomitants and diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cognitive disorders. In addition, MR seems to be an approach to prolong lifespan which has been validated extensively in various animal models, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, yeast, and murine models. MR appears to be associated with a reduction in oxidative stress via so far mainly undiscovered mechanisms, and these changes in redox status appear to be one of the underlying mechanisms for lifespan extension and beneficial health effects. In the present review, the association of methionine metabolism pathways with redox homeostasis is described. In addition, the effects of MR on lifespan, age-related implications, comorbidities, and diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Julia Jelleschitz
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany; NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin, Germany; Institute of Nutrition, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Weixuan Chen
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yihang Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mengzhen Jia
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Annika Höhn
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany.
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21
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Yan A, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Liang X, Zhang X, Liang F, Nian S, Li X, Sun Z, Li K, Zhao YF. β-Hydroxybutyrate upregulates FGF21 expression through inhibition of histone deacetylases in hepatocytes. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:856-864. [PMID: 36045720 PMCID: PMC9372706 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is secreted by hepatocytes as a peptide hormone to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. FGF21 promotes hepatic ketogenesis and increases ketone body utilization in starvation. Histones are the target molecules of nutrients in regulating hepatic metabolic homeostasis. However, the effect of ketone bodies on FGF21 expression and the involvement of histones in it is not clear yet. The present study observed the effects of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB), the main physiological ketone body, on FGF21 expression in human hepatoma HepG2 cells in vitro and in mice in vivo, and the role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in β-OHB-regulated FGF21 expression was investigated. The results showed that β-OHB significantly upregulated FGF21 gene expression and increased FGF21 protein levels while it inhibited HDACs’ activity in HepG2 cells. HDACs’ inhibition by entinostat upregulated FGF21 expression and eliminated β-OHB-stimulated FGF21 expression in HepG2 cells. Intraperitoneal injections of β-OHB in mice resulted in the elevation of serum β-OHB and the inhibition of hepatic HDACs’ activity. Meanwhile, hepatic FGF21 expression and serum FGF21 levels were significantly increased in β-OHB-treated mice compared with the control. It is suggested that β-OHB upregulates FGF21 expression through inhibition of HDACs’ activity in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Yan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xiangyan Liang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Fenli Liang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Shen Nian
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xinhua Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhuo Sun
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
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22
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Martinez W, Zhang Q, Linden MA, Schacher N, Darvish S, Mirek ET, Levy JL, Jonsson WO, Anthony TG, Hamilton KL. Rates of protein synthesis are maintained in brain but reduced in skeletal muscle during dietary sulfur amino acid restriction. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:975129. [PMID: 36091469 PMCID: PMC9450999 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.975129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary interventions such as sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) target multiple drivers of aging, and show promise for preventing or delaying the onset of chronic diseases. SAAR promotes metabolic health and longevity in laboratory animals. The effects of SAAR on proteostasis remain relatively unexplored. We previously reported that SAAR promotes mitochondrial proteostatic maintenance, despite suppression of global protein synthesis, in two peripheral tissues, the liver and skeletal muscle. However, the brain, a tissue vulnerable to age-related neurodegenerative diseases due to the loss of proteostasis, has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, we sought to reveal proteostatic responses in the brains of mice fed SAAR for 35 days. Here, we demonstrate that male C57Bl/6J mice fed two levels of SAAR maintained rates of protein synthesis in all sub-cellular fractions of the pre-frontal cortex. In comparison, rates of skeletal muscle protein synthesis in SAAR fed mice were slower than control-fed mice. To gain mechanistic insight, we examined several key nutrient/energy sensitive signaling proteins: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2), and ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6). SAAR had minimal to modest effects on the total abundance and phosphorylation of these proteins in both tissues. Our results indicate that the pre-frontal cortex in brain is resistant to perturbations in protein synthesis in mice fed SAAR, unlike skeletal muscle, which had a reduction in global protein synthesis. The results from this study demonstrate that proteostatic control in brain is of higher priority than skeletal muscle during dietary SAAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenceslao Martinez
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Melissa A. Linden
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Nate Schacher
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Sanna Darvish
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Emily T. Mirek
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NB, United States
| | - Jordan L. Levy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NB, United States
| | - William O. Jonsson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NB, United States
| | - Tracy G. Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NB, United States
| | - Karyn L. Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States,Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States,*Correspondence: Karyn L. Hamilton,
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23
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Fang H, Stone KP, Wanders D, Forney LA, Gettys TW. The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Dietary Methionine Restriction. Annu Rev Nutr 2022; 42:201-226. [PMID: 35588443 PMCID: PMC9936953 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-062320-111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The original description of dietary methionine restriction (MR) used semipurified diets to limit methionine intake to 20% of normal levels, and this reduction in dietary methionine increased longevity by ∼30% in rats. The MR diet also produces paradoxical increases in energy intake and expenditure and limits fat deposition while reducing tissue and circulating lipids and enhancing overall insulin sensitivity. In the years following the original 1993 report, a comprehensive effort has been made to understand the nutrient sensing and signaling systems linking reduced dietary methionine to the behavioral, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional components of the response. Recent work has shown that transcriptional activation of hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a key event linking the MR diet to many but not all components of its metabolic phenotype. These findings raise the interesting possibility of developing therapeutic, MR-based diets that produce the beneficial effects of FGF21 by nutritionally modulating its transcription and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Fang
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA;
| | - Kirsten P Stone
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA;
| | - Desiree Wanders
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Laura A Forney
- Department of Kinesiology, Houston Baptist University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas W Gettys
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA;
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24
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Multiomics assessment of dietary protein titration reveals altered hepatic glucose utilization. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111187. [PMID: 35977507 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary protein restriction (PR) has rapid effects on metabolism including improved glucose and lipid homeostasis, via multiple mechanisms. Here, we investigate responses of fecal microbiome, hepatic transcriptome, and hepatic metabolome to six diets with protein from 18% to 0% of energy in mice. PR alters fecal microbial composition, but metabolic effects are not transferable via fecal transplantation. Hepatic transcriptome and metabolome are significantly altered in diets with lower than 10% energy from protein. Changes upon PR correlate with calorie restriction but with a larger magnitude and specific changes in amino acid (AA) metabolism. PR increases steady-state aspartate, serine, and glutamate and decreases glucose and gluconeogenic intermediates. 13C6 glucose and glycerol tracing reveal increased fractional enrichment in aspartate, serine, and glutamate. Changes remain intact in hepatic ATF4 knockout mice. Together, this demonstrates an ATF4-independent shift in gluconeogenic substrate utilization toward specific AAs, with compensation from glycerol to promote a protein-sparing response.
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25
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GPRC6A Mediates Glucose and Amino Acid Homeostasis in Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080740. [PMID: 36005612 PMCID: PMC9415337 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
GPRC6A, an important member of the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily, has been widely studied in body health maintenance and related diseases. However, it is still controversial whether GPRC6A plays a vital role in glucose homeostasis, and the role of GPRC6A on amino acid homeostasis has not been reported. In this study, GPRC6A was knocked out in C57BL6 mice, and we found that GPRC6A plays an important role in the glucose metabolism, mainly affecting the glucose clearance capacity and gluconeogenesis in mice. GPRC6A plays an important role in maintaining amino acid homeostasis under dietary restrictions, and this may be realized by participating in the regulation of autophagy. Since a large amount of amino acid is lost from urine in aged GPRC6A−/− mice, it is possible that GPRC6A regulates amino acid homeostasis by affecting the integrity of tissue structure. GPRC6A is involved in the regulation of mTORC1 activation but is not necessary for mTORC1 activation under sufficient nutritional supply. In the absence of exogenous amino acids, the loss of GPRC6A induces the GCN2 pathway activation and excessive autophagy of cells, leading to the overactivation of mTORC1, which may be detrimental to body health and cell survival. In summary, this study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the metabolic process of GPRC6A in body growth and health.
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26
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Dietary Protein Restriction Improves Metabolic Dysfunction in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in a Randomized, Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132670. [PMID: 35807851 PMCID: PMC9268415 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) reduces adiposity and improves metabolism in patients with one or more symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Nonetheless, it remains elusive whether the benefits of DR in humans are mediated by calorie or nutrient restriction. This study was conducted to determine whether isocaloric dietary protein restriction is sufficient to confer the beneficial effects of dietary restriction in patients with metabolic syndrome. We performed a prospective, randomized controlled dietary intervention under constant nutritional and medical supervision. Twenty-one individuals diagnosed with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned for caloric restriction (CR; n = 11, diet of 5941 ± 686 KJ per day) or isocaloric dietary protein restriction (PR; n = 10, diet of 8409 ± 2360 KJ per day) and followed for 27 days. Like CR, PR promoted weight loss due to a reduction in adiposity, which was associated with reductions in blood glucose, lipid levels, and blood pressure. More strikingly, both CR and PR improved insulin sensitivity by 62.3% and 93.2%, respectively, after treatment. Fecal microbiome diversity was not affected by the interventions. Adipose tissue bulk RNA-Seq data revealed minor changes elicited by the interventions. After PR, terms related to leukocyte proliferation were enriched among the upregulated genes. Protein restriction is sufficient to confer almost the same clinical outcomes as calorie restriction without the need for a reduction in calorie intake. The isocaloric characteristic of the PR intervention makes this approach a more attractive and less drastic dietary strategy in clinical settings and has more significant potential to be used as adjuvant therapy for people with metabolic syndrome.
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27
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Egbujor MC, Petrosino M, Zuhra K, Saso L. The Role of Organosulfur Compounds as Nrf2 Activators and Their Antioxidant Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1255. [PMID: 35883746 PMCID: PMC9311638 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling has become a key pathway for cellular regulation against oxidative stress and inflammation, and therefore an attractive therapeutic target. Several organosulfur compounds are reportedly activators of the Nrf2 pathway. Organosulfur compounds constitute an important class of therapeutic agents in medicinal chemistry due to their ability to participate in biosynthesis, metabolism, cellular functions, and protection of cells from oxidative damage. Sulfur has distinctive chemical properties such as a large number of oxidation states and versatility of reactions that promote fundamental biological reactions and redox biochemistry. The presence of sulfur is responsible for the peculiar features of organosulfur compounds which have been utilized against oxidative stress-mediated diseases. Nrf2 activation being a key therapeutic strategy for oxidative stress is closely tied to sulfur-based chemistry since the ability of compounds to react with sulfhydryl (-SH) groups is a common property of Nrf2 inducers. Although some individual organosulfur compounds have been reported as Nrf2 activators, there are no papers with a collective analysis of these Nrf2-activating organosulfur compounds which may help to broaden the knowledge of their therapeutic potentials and motivate further research. In line with this fact, for the first time, this review article provides collective and comprehensive information on Nrf2-activating organosulfur compounds and their therapeutic effects against oxidative stress, thereby enriching the chemical and pharmacological diversity of Nrf2 activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melford Chuka Egbujor
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Rhema University Nigeria, Aba 453115, Abia State, Nigeria
| | - Maria Petrosino
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Karim Zuhra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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28
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Srivastava A, Lu J, Gadalla DS, Hendrich O, Grönke S, Partridge L. The Role of GCN2 Kinase in Mediating the Effects of Amino Acids on Longevity and Feeding Behaviour in Drosophila. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:944466. [PMID: 35821827 PMCID: PMC9261369 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.944466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Restriction of amino acids in the diet can extend lifespan in diverse species ranging from flies to mammals. However, the role of individual amino acids and the underlying molecular mechanisms are only partially understood. The evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase General Control Nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) is a key sensor of amino acid deficiency and has been implicated in the response of lifespan to dietary restriction (DR). Here, we generated a novel Drosophila GCN2 null mutant and analyzed its response to individual amino acid deficiency. We show that GCN2 function is essential for fly development, longevity and feeding behaviour under long-term, but not short-term, deprivation of all individual essential amino acids (EAAs) except for methionine. GCN2 mutants were longer-lived than control flies and showed normal feeding behaviour under methionine restriction. Thus, in flies at least two systems regulate these responses to amino acid deprivation. Methionine deprivation acts via a GCN2-independent mechanism, while all other EAA are sensed by GCN2. Combined deficiency of methionine and a second EAA blocked the response of GCN2 mutants to methionine, suggesting that these two pathways are interconnected. Wild type flies showed a short-term rejection of food lacking individual EAA, followed by a long-term compensatory increase in food uptake. GCN2 mutants also showed a short-term rejection of food deprived of individual EAA, but were unable to mount the compensatory long-term increase in food uptake. Over-expression of the downstream transcription factor ATF4 partially rescued the response of feeding behaviour in GCN2 mutants to amino acid deficiency. Phenotypes of GCN2 mutants induced by leucine and tryptophan, but not isoleucine, deficiency were partially rescued by ATF4 over-expression. The exact function of GCN2 as an amino acid sensor in vivo and the downstream action of its transcription factor effector ATF4 are thus context-specific with respect to the EAA involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiongming Lu
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Hendrich
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Linda Partridge
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Institute of Healthy Ageing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Zou JM, Zhu QS, Liang H, Lu HL, Liang XF, He S. Lysine Deprivation Regulates Npy Expression via GCN2 Signaling Pathway in Mandarin Fish ( Siniperca chuatsi). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126727. [PMID: 35743178 PMCID: PMC9223478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of food intake is associated with nutrient-sensing systems and the expression of appetite neuropeptides. Nutrient-sensing systems generate the capacity to sense nutrient availability to maintain energy and metabolism homeostasis. Appetite neuropeptides are prominent factors that are essential for regulating the appetite to adapt energy status. However, the link between the expression of appetite neuropeptides and nutrient-sensing systems remains debatable in carnivorous fish. Here, with intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of six essential amino acids (lysine, methionine, tryptophan, arginine, phenylalanine, or threonine) performed in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi), we found that lysine and methionine are the feeding-stimulating amino acids other than the reported valine, and found a key appetite neuropeptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY), mainly contributes to the regulatory role of the essential amino acids on food intake. With the brain cells of mandarin fish cultured in essential amino acid deleted medium (lysine, methionine, histidine, valine, or leucine), we showed that only lysine deprivation activated the general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) signaling pathway, elevated α subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) phosphorylation, increased activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) protein expression, and finally induced transcription of npy. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of GCN2 and eIF2α phosphorylation signaling by GCN2iB or ISRIB, effectively blocked the transcriptional induction of npy in lysine deprivation. Overall, these findings could provide a better understanding of the GCN2 signaling pathway involved in food intake control by amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Zou
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.-M.Z.); (Q.-S.Z.); (H.L.); (H.-L.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiang-Sheng Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.-M.Z.); (Q.-S.Z.); (H.L.); (H.-L.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.-M.Z.); (Q.-S.Z.); (H.L.); (H.-L.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hai-Lin Lu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.-M.Z.); (Q.-S.Z.); (H.L.); (H.-L.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu-Fang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.-M.Z.); (Q.-S.Z.); (H.L.); (H.-L.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (X.-F.L.); (S.H.); Tel.: +86-15007113487 (X.-F.L.); +86-18672986332 (S.H.); Fax: +86-027-8728-2114 (X.-F.L.); +86-027-8728-2113 (S.H.)
| | - Shan He
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.-M.Z.); (Q.-S.Z.); (H.L.); (H.-L.L.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (X.-F.L.); (S.H.); Tel.: +86-15007113487 (X.-F.L.); +86-18672986332 (S.H.); Fax: +86-027-8728-2114 (X.-F.L.); +86-027-8728-2113 (S.H.)
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30
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Sawa R, Ohnishi A, Ohno M, Nagata M, Wake I, Okimura Y. Specific amino acids regulate Sestrin2 mRNA and protein levels in an ATF4-dependent manner in C2C12 myocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130174. [PMID: 35597502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sestrin2 is a conserved protein in several species, and its expression is upregulated in cells under various environmental stresses. Sestrin2 content is involved in the function of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and C2C12 cells. METHODS C2C12 cells were treated with amino acid-free DMEM (AF-DMEM) for 5 h. The effects of the addition of specific amino acids to AF-DMEM on Sestrin2 mRNA and protein expression were examined using RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively. The mechanism by which amino acids regulate Sestrin2 mRNA expression was examined using blocking and siRNA experiments. RESULTS AF-DMEM increased the mRNA and protein levels of both Sestrin2 and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). The addition of a specific amino acid changed Sestrin2 mRNA and protein levels. The response pattern of Sestrin2 to specific amino acids was similar to that of ATF4. ATF4 siRNA reduced Sestrin2 mRNA levels. AF-DMEM increased eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) phosphorylation as early as 10 min after the treatment; however, ATF4 and Sestrin2 were increased 300 min after the treatment. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 siRNA did not affect ATF4 and Sestrin2 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS Specific Amino acids regulate Sestrin2 levels in an ATF4-dependent manner in C2C12 cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The results of the present study indicate that amino acids regulate levels of Sestrin2, which might cause phenotypic alterations, including mTORC1 activity, in C2C12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Sawa
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Kobe Women's University Graduate School of Life Sciences, 2-1 Higashisuma-aoyama, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-8585, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ohnishi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Kobe Women's University Graduate School of Life Sciences, 2-1 Higashisuma-aoyama, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-8585, Japan
| | - Maya Ohno
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Kobe Women's University Graduate School of Life Sciences, 2-1 Higashisuma-aoyama, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-8585, Japan
| | - Maika Nagata
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Kobe Women's University Graduate School of Life Sciences, 2-1 Higashisuma-aoyama, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-8585, Japan
| | - Ikumi Wake
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Kobe Women's University Graduate School of Life Sciences, 2-1 Higashisuma-aoyama, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Okimura
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Kobe Women's University Graduate School of Life Sciences, 2-1 Higashisuma-aoyama, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-8585, Japan.
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Sedillo JC, Cryns VL. Targeting the methionine addiction of cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2249-2276. [PMID: 35693095 PMCID: PMC9185618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine is the initiator amino acid for protein synthesis, the methyl source for most nucleotide, chromatin, and protein methylation, and the carbon backbone for various aspects of the cellular antioxidant response and nucleotide biosynthesis. Methionine is provided in the diet and serum methionine levels fluctuate based on dietary methionine content. Within the cell, methionine is recycled from homocysteine via the methionine cycle, which is linked to nutrient status via one-carbon metabolism. Unlike normal cells, many cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo, show high methionine cycle activity and are dependent on exogenous methionine for continued growth. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the methionine dependence of diverse malignancies are poorly understood. Methionine deprivation initiates widespread metabolic alterations in cancer cells that enable them to survive despite limited methionine availability, and these adaptive alterations can be specifically targeted to enhance the activity of methionine deprivation, a strategy we have termed "metabolic priming". Chemotherapy-resistant cell populations such as cancer stem cells, which drive treatment-resistance, are also sensitive to methionine deprivation, suggesting dietary methionine restriction may inhibit metastasis and recurrence. Several clinical trials in cancer are investigating methionine restriction in combination with other agents. This review will explore new insights into the mechanisms of methionine dependence in cancer and therapeutic efforts to translate these insights into enhanced clinical activity of methionine restriction in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joni C Sedillo
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vincent L Cryns
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, WI, USA
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32
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Unveiling OASIS family as a key player in hypoxia-ischemia cases induced by cocaine using generative adversarial networks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6734. [PMID: 35469040 PMCID: PMC9038918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated cocaine use poses many serious health risks to users. One of the risks is hypoxia and ischemia (HI). To restore the biological system against HI, complex biological mechanisms operate at the gene level. Despite the complexity of biological mechanisms, there are common denominator genes that play pivotal roles in various defense systems. Among these genes, the cAMP response element-binding (Creb) protein contributes not only to various aspects of drug-seeking behavior and drug reward, but also to protective mechanisms. However, it is still unclear which Creb members are key players in the protection of cocaine-induced HI conditions. Herein, using one of the state-of-the-art deep learning methods, the generative adversarial network, we revealed that the OASIS family, one of the Creb family, is a key player in various defense mechanisms such as angiogenesis and unfolded protein response against the HI state by unveiling hidden mRNA expression profiles. Furthermore, we identified mysterious kinases in the OASIS family and are able to explain why the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus are vulnerable to HI at the genetic level.
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33
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FGF21 is required for protein restriction to extend lifespan and improve metabolic health in male mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1897. [PMID: 35393401 PMCID: PMC8991228 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary protein restriction is increasingly recognized as a unique approach to improve metabolic health, and there is increasing interest in the mechanisms underlying this beneficial effect. Recent work indicates that the hormone FGF21 mediates the metabolic effects of protein restriction in young mice. Here we demonstrate that protein restriction increases lifespan, reduces frailty, lowers body weight and adiposity, improves physical performance, improves glucose tolerance, and alters various metabolic markers within the serum, liver, and adipose tissue of wildtype male mice. Conversely, mice lacking FGF21 fail to exhibit metabolic responses to protein restriction in early life, and in later life exhibit early onset of age-related weight loss, reduced physical performance, increased frailty, and reduced lifespan. These data demonstrate that protein restriction in aging male mice exerts marked beneficial effects on lifespan and metabolic health and that a single metabolic hormone, FGF21, is essential for the anti-aging effect of this dietary intervention.
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34
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Metabolic benefits of methionine restriction in adult mice do not require functional methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA). Sci Rep 2022; 12:5073. [PMID: 35332198 PMCID: PMC8948287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine restriction (MR) extends lifespan and improves several markers of health in rodents. However, the proximate mechanisms of MR on these physiological benefits have not been fully elucidated. The essential amino acid methionine plays numerous biological roles and limiting its availability in the diet directly modulates methionine metabolism. There is growing evidence that redox regulation of methionine has regulatory control on some aspects of cellular function but interactions with MR remain largely unexplored. We tested the functional role of the ubiquitously expressed methionine repair enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) on the metabolic benefits of MR in mice. MsrA catalytically reduces both free and protein-bound oxidized methionine, thus playing a key role in its redox state. We tested the extent to which MsrA is required for metabolic effects of MR in adult mice using mice lacking MsrA. As expected, MR in control mice reduced body weight, altered body composition, and improved glucose metabolism. Interestingly, lack of MsrA did not impair the metabolic effects of MR on these outcomes. Moreover, females had blunted MR responses regardless of MsrA status compared to males. Overall, our data suggests that MsrA is not required for the metabolic benefits of MR in adult mice.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity develops due to an imbalance in energy homeostasis, wherein energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Accumulating evidence shows that manipulations of dietary protein and their component amino acids affect the energy balance, resulting in changes in fat mass and body weight. Amino acids are not only the building blocks of proteins but also serve as signals regulating multiple biological pathways. SCOPE OF REVIEW We present the currently available evidence regarding the effects of dietary alterations of a single essential amino acid (EAA) on energy balance and relevant signaling mechanisms at both central and peripheral levels. We summarize the association between EAAs and obesity in humans and the clinical use of modifying the dietary EAA composition for therapeutic intervention in obesity. Finally, similar mechanisms underlying diets varying in protein levels and diets altered of a single EAA are described. The current review would expand our understanding of the contribution of protein and amino acids to energy balance control, thus helping discover novel therapeutic approaches for obesity and related diseases. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Changes in circulating EAA levels, particularly increased branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), have been reported in obese human and animal models. Alterations in dietary EAA intake result in improvements in fat and weight loss in rodents, and each has its distinct mechanism. For example, leucine deprivation increases energy expenditure, reduces food intake and fat mass, primarily through regulation of the general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Methionine restriction by 80% decreases fat mass and body weight while developing hyperphagia, primarily through fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) signaling. Some effects of diets with different protein levels on energy homeostasis are mediated by similar mechanisms. However, reports on the effects and underlying mechanisms of dietary EAA imbalances on human body weight are few, and more investigations are needed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Feifan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China.
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36
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Rome FI, Hughey CC. Disrupted Liver Oxidative Metabolism in Glycine N-Methyltransferase-Deficient Mice is Mitigated by Dietary Methionine Restriction. Mol Metab 2022; 58:101452. [PMID: 35121169 PMCID: PMC8866067 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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37
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Green CL, Pak HH, Richardson NE, Flores V, Yu D, Tomasiewicz JL, Dumas SN, Kredell K, Fan JW, Kirsh C, Chaiyakul K, Murphy ME, Babygirija R, Barrett-Wilt GA, Rabinowitz J, Ong IM, Jang C, Simcox J, Lamming DW. Sex and genetic background define the metabolic, physiologic, and molecular response to protein restriction. Cell Metab 2022; 34:209-226.e5. [PMID: 35108511 PMCID: PMC8865085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Low-protein diets promote metabolic health in humans and rodents. Despite evidence that sex and genetic background are key factors in the response to diet, most protein intake studies examine only a single strain and sex of mice. Using multiple strains and both sexes of mice, we find that improvements in metabolic health in response to reduced dietary protein strongly depend on sex and strain. While some phenotypes were conserved across strains and sexes, including increased glucose tolerance and energy expenditure, we observed high variability in adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and circulating hormones. Using a multi-omics approach, we identified mega-clusters of differentially expressed hepatic genes, metabolites, and lipids associated with each phenotype, providing molecular insight into the differential response to protein restriction. Our results highlight the importance of sex and genetic background in the response to dietary protein level, and the potential importance of a personalized medicine approach to dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Green
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Heidi H Pak
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nicole E Richardson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Victoria Flores
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Deyang Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jay L Tomasiewicz
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Sabrina N Dumas
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Katherine Kredell
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jesse W Fan
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Charlie Kirsh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Krittisak Chaiyakul
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Michaela E Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Reji Babygirija
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Joshua Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Irene M Ong
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Judith Simcox
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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38
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Lionaki E, Ploumi C, Tavernarakis N. One-Carbon Metabolism: Pulling the Strings behind Aging and Neurodegeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020214. [PMID: 35053330 PMCID: PMC8773781 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
One-carbon metabolism (OCM) is a network of biochemical reactions delivering one-carbon units to various biosynthetic pathways. The folate cycle and methionine cycle are the two key modules of this network that regulate purine and thymidine synthesis, amino acid homeostasis, and epigenetic mechanisms. Intersection with the transsulfuration pathway supports glutathione production and regulation of the cellular redox state. Dietary intake of micronutrients, such as folates and amino acids, directly contributes to OCM, thereby adapting the cellular metabolic state to environmental inputs. The contribution of OCM to cellular proliferation during development and in adult proliferative tissues is well established. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence reveals the pivotal role of OCM in cellular homeostasis of non-proliferative tissues and in coordination of signaling cascades that regulate energy homeostasis and longevity. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on OCM and related pathways and discuss how this metabolic network may impact longevity and neurodegeneration across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Lionaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (E.L.); (C.P.)
| | - Christina Ploumi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (E.L.); (C.P.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (E.L.); (C.P.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810-391069
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39
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Green CL, Lamming DW, Fontana L. Molecular mechanisms of dietary restriction promoting health and longevity. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:56-73. [PMID: 34518687 PMCID: PMC8692439 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dietary restriction with adequate nutrition is the gold standard for delaying ageing and extending healthspan and lifespan in diverse species, including rodents and non-human primates. In this Review, we discuss the effects of dietary restriction in these mammalian model organisms and discuss accumulating data that suggest that dietary restriction results in many of the same physiological, metabolic and molecular changes responsible for the prevention of multiple ageing-associated diseases in humans. We further discuss how different forms of fasting, protein restriction and specific reductions in the levels of essential amino acids such as methionine and the branched-chain amino acids selectively impact the activity of AKT, FOXO, mTOR, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which are key components of some of the most important nutrient-sensing geroprotective signalling pathways that promote healthy longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Green
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Charles Perkins Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia University School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy.
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40
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Wang D, Ye J, Shi R, Zhao B, Liu Z, Lin W, Liu X. Dietary protein and amino acid restriction: Roles in metabolic health and aging-related diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:226-242. [PMID: 34890767 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is a worldwide phenomenon in all age groups and is associated with aging-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, as well metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The use of dietary restriction (DR) while avoiding malnutrition has many profound beneficial effects on aging and metabolic health, and dietary protein or specific amino acid (AA) restrictions, rather than overall calorie intake, are considered to play key roles in the effects of DR on host health. Whereas comprehensive reviews of the underlying mechanisms are limited, protein restriction and methionine (Met) restriction improve metabolic health and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, and may be associated with FGF21, mTOR and autophagy, improved mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. Circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are inversely correlated with metabolic health, and BCAAs and leucine (Leu) restriction promote metabolic homeostasis in rodents. Although tryptophan (Trp) restriction extends the lifespan of rodents, the Trp-restricted diet is reported to increase inflammation in aged mice, while severe Trp restriction has side effects such as anorexia. Furthermore, inadequate protein intake in the elderly increases the risk of muscle-centric health. Therefore, the restriction of specific AAs may be an effective and executable dietary manipulation for metabolic and aging-related health in humans, which warrants further investigation to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jin Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Renjie Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Beita Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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41
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Navik U, Sheth VG, Khurana A, Jawalekar SS, Allawadhi P, Gaddam RR, Bhatti JS, Tikoo K. Methionine as a double-edged sword in health and disease: Current perspective and future challenges. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101500. [PMID: 34700006 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Methionine is one of the essential amino acids and plays a vital role in various cellular processes. Reports advocate that methionine restriction and supplementation provide promising outcomes, and its regulation is critical for maintaining a healthy life. Dietary methionine restriction in houseflies and rodents has been proven to extend lifespan. Contrary to these findings, long-term dietary restriction of methionine leads to adverse events such as bone-related disorders, stunted growth, and hyperhomocysteinemia. Conversely, dietary supplementation of methionine improves hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, inflammation, fibrosis, and bone health. However, a high level of methionine intake shows adverse effects such as hyperhomocysteinemia, reduced body weight, and increased cholesterol levels. Therefore, dietary methionine in a safe dose could have medicinal values. Hence, this review is aimed to provide a snapshot of the dietary role and regulation of methionine in the modulation of health and age-related diseases.
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42
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Glenny EM, Coleman MF, Giles ED, Wellberg EA, Hursting SD. Designing Relevant Preclinical Rodent Models for Studying Links Between Nutrition, Obesity, Metabolism, and Cancer. Annu Rev Nutr 2021; 41:253-282. [PMID: 34357792 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-120420-032437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diet and nutrition are intricately related to cancer prevention, growth, and treatment response. Preclinical rodent models are a cornerstone to biomedical research and remain instrumental in our understanding of the relationship between cancer and diet and in the development of effective therapeutics. However, the success rate of translating promising findings from the bench to the bedside is suboptimal. Well-designed rodent models will be crucial to improving the impact basic science has on clinical treatment options. This review discusses essential experimental factors to consider when designing a preclinical cancer model with an emphasis on incorporating these models into studies interrogating diet, nutrition, and metabolism. The aims of this review are to (a) provide insight into relevant considerations when designing cancer models for obesity, nutrition, and metabolism research; (b) identify common pitfalls when selecting a rodent model; and (c) discuss strengths and limitations of available preclinical models. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 41 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Glenny
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA;
| | - Michael F Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA;
| | - Erin D Giles
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Wellberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA; .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.,Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
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43
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Fang H, Stone KP, Ghosh S, Forney LA, Gettys TW. The Role of Reduced Methionine in Mediating the Metabolic Responses to Protein Restriction Using Different Sources of Protein. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082609. [PMID: 34444768 PMCID: PMC8399679 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary protein restriction and dietary methionine restriction (MR) produce a comparable series of behavioral, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional responses. Both dietary regimens produce a similar reduction in intake of sulfur amino acids (e.g., methionine and cystine), and both diets increase expression and release of hepatic FGF21. Given that FGF21 is an essential mediator of the metabolic phenotype produced by both diets, an important unresolved question is whether dietary protein restriction represents de facto methionine restriction. Using diets formulated from either casein or soy protein with matched reductions in sulfur amino acids, we compared the ability of the respective diets to recapitulate the metabolic phenotype produced by methionine restriction using elemental diets. Although the soy-based control diets supported faster growth compared to casein-based control diets, casein-based protein restriction and soy-based protein restriction produced comparable reductions in body weight and fat deposition, and similar increases in energy intake, energy expenditure, and water intake. In addition, the prototypical effects of dietary MR on hepatic and adipose tissue target genes were similarly regulated by casein- and soy-based protein restriction. The present findings support the feasibility of using restricted intake of diets from various protein sources to produce therapeutically effective implementation of dietary methionine restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Fang
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing & Adipocyte Signaling, 6400 Perkins Road, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (H.F.); (K.P.S.)
| | - Kirsten P. Stone
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing & Adipocyte Signaling, 6400 Perkins Road, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (H.F.); (K.P.S.)
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders and Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Laura A. Forney
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Thomas W. Gettys
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing & Adipocyte Signaling, 6400 Perkins Road, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (H.F.); (K.P.S.)
- Correspondence:
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44
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Misra J, Holmes MJ, T Mirek E, Langevin M, Kim HG, Carlson KR, Watford M, Dong XC, Anthony TG, Wek RC. Discordant regulation of eIF2 kinase GCN2 and mTORC1 during nutrient stress. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:5726-5742. [PMID: 34023907 PMCID: PMC8191763 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate regulation of the Integrated stress response (ISR) and mTORC1 signaling are central for cell adaptation to starvation for amino acids. Halofuginone (HF) is a potent inhibitor of aminoacylation of tRNAPro with broad biomedical applications. Here, we show that in addition to translational control directed by activation of the ISR by general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2), HF increased free amino acids and directed translation of genes involved in protein biogenesis via sustained mTORC1 signaling. Deletion of GCN2 reduced cell survival to HF whereas pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 afforded protection. HF treatment of mice synchronously activated the GCN2-mediated ISR and mTORC1 in liver whereas Gcn2-null mice allowed greater mTORC1 activation to HF, resulting in liver steatosis and cell death. We conclude that HF causes an amino acid imbalance that uniquely activates both GCN2 and mTORC1. Loss of GCN2 during HF creates a disconnect between metabolic state and need, triggering proteostasis collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagannath Misra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Michael J Holmes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Emily T Mirek
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Michael Langevin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Hyeong-Geug Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Kenneth R Carlson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Malcolm Watford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - X Charlie Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.,Department of BioHealth Informatics, School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tracy G Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Ronald C Wek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
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45
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Babygirija R, Lamming DW. The regulation of healthspan and lifespan by dietary amino acids. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2021; 5:17-30. [PMID: 34263088 PMCID: PMC8277109 DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a key macronutrient and source of essential macromolecules, dietary protein plays a significant role in health. For many years, protein-rich diets have been recommended as healthy due to the satiety-inducing and muscle-building effects of protein, as well as the ability of protein calories to displace allegedly unhealthy calories from fats and carbohydrates. However, clinical studies find that consumption of dietary protein is associated with an increased risk of multiple diseases, especially diabetes, while studies in rodents have demonstrated that protein restriction can promote metabolic health and even lifespan. Emerging evidence suggests that the effects of dietary protein on health and longevity are not mediated simply by protein quantity but are instead mediated by protein quality - the specific amino acid composition of the diet. Here, we discuss how dietary protein and specific amino acids including methionine, the branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine), tryptophan and glycine regulate metabolic health, healthspan, and aging, with attention to the specific molecular mechanisms that may participate in these effects. Finally, we discuss the potential applicability of these findings to promoting healthy aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reji Babygirija
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dudley W. Lamming
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Hepatic Nfe2l2 Is Not an Essential Mediator of the Metabolic Phenotype Produced by Dietary Methionine Restriction. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061788. [PMID: 34073838 PMCID: PMC8225036 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal sensing of dietary methionine restriction (MR) occurs in the liver, where it activates multiple transcriptional programs that mediate various biological components of the response. Hepatic Fgf21 is a key target and essential endocrine mediator of the metabolic phenotype produced by dietary MR. The transcription factor, Nfe2l2, is also activated by MR and functions in tandem with hepatic Atf4 to transactivate multiple, antioxidative components of the integrated stress response. However, it is unclear whether the transcriptional responses linked to Nfe2l2 activation by dietary MR are essential to the biological efficacy of the diet. Using mice with liver-specific deletion of Nfe2l2 (Nfe2l2fl/(Alb)) and their floxed littermates (Nfe2l2fl/fl) fed either Control or MR diets, the absence of hepatic Nfe2l2 had no effect on the ability of the MR diet to increase FGF21, reduce body weight and adiposity, and increase energy expenditure. Moreover, the primary elements of the hepatic transcriptome were similarly affected by MR in both genotypes, with the only major differences occurring in induction of the P450-associated drug metabolism pathway and the pentose glucuronate interconversion pathway. The biological significance of these pathways is uncertain but we conclude that hepatic Nfe2l2 is not essential in mediating the metabolic effects of dietary MR.
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Fang H, Stone KP, Forney LA, Sims LC, Gutierrez GC, Ghosh S, Gettys TW. Implementation of dietary methionine restriction using casein after selective, oxidative deletion of methionine. iScience 2021; 24:102470. [PMID: 34113817 PMCID: PMC8169944 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction (MR) is normally implemented using diets formulated from elemental amino acids (AA) that reduce methionine content to ∼0.17%. However, translational implementation of MR with elemental AA-based diets is intractable due to poor palatability. To solve this problem and restrict methionine using intact proteins, casein was subjected to mild oxidation to selectively reduce methionine. Diets were then formulated using oxidized casein, adding back methionine to produce a final concentration of 0.17%. The biological efficacy of dietary MR using the oxidized casein (Ox Cas) diet was compared with the standard elemental MR diet in terms of the behavioral, metabolic, endocrine, and transcriptional responses to the four diets. The Ox Cas MR diet faithfully reproduced the expected physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional responses in liver and inguinal white adipose tissue. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that dietary MR can be effectively implemented using casein after selective oxidative reduction of methionine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Fang
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Kirsten P. Stone
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Laura A. Forney
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Landon C. Sims
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Gabriela C. Gutierrez
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, USA
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders and Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas W. Gettys
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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Ren JX, Li C, Yan XL, Qu Y, Yang Y, Guo ZN. Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Ferroptosis/Oxytosis in Ischemic Stroke: Possible Targets and Molecular Mechanisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6643382. [PMID: 34055196 PMCID: PMC8133868 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6643382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key cause of ischemic stroke and an initiator of neuronal dysfunction and death, mainly through the overproduction of peroxides and the depletion of antioxidants. Ferroptosis/oxytosis is a unique, oxidative stress-induced cell death pathway characterized by lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion. Both oxidative stress and ferroptosis/oxytosis have common molecular pathways. This review summarizes the possible targets and the mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between oxidative stress and ferroptosis/oxytosis in ischemic stroke. This knowledge might help to further understand the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and open new perspectives for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Ren
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chao Li
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiu-Li Yan
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
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Bruhat A, Papet I, Fafournoux P. Complex Mechanisms Link Dietary Sulfur Amino Acid Restriction to Health Improvement. J Nutr 2021; 151:749-750. [PMID: 33693727 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Bruhat
- PROTEOSTASIS Team, Unit of Human Nutrition, Clermont Auvergne University, National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRAe), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Isabelle Papet
- PROTEOSTASIS Team, Unit of Human Nutrition, Clermont Auvergne University, National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRAe), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Fafournoux
- PROTEOSTASIS Team, Unit of Human Nutrition, Clermont Auvergne University, National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRAe), Clermont-Ferrand, France
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50
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Jonsson WO, Margolies NS, Mirek ET, Zhang Q, Linden MA, Hill CM, Link C, Bithi N, Zalma B, Levy JL, Pettit AP, Miller JW, Hine C, Morrison CD, Gettys TW, Miller BF, Hamilton KL, Wek RC, Anthony TG. Physiologic Responses to Dietary Sulfur Amino Acid Restriction in Mice Are Influenced by Atf4 Status and Biological Sex. J Nutr 2021; 151:785-799. [PMID: 33512502 PMCID: PMC8030708 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves body composition and metabolic health across several model organisms in part through induction of the integrated stress response (ISR). OBJECTIVE We investigate the hypothesis that activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) acts as a converging point in the ISR during SAAR. METHODS Using liver-specific or global gene ablation strategies, in both female and male mice, we address the role of ATF4 during dietary SAAR. RESULTS We show that ATF4 is dispensable in the chronic induction of the hepatokine fibroblast growth factor 21 while being essential for the sustained production of endogenous hydrogen sulfide. We also affirm that biological sex, independent of ATF4 status, is a determinant of the response to dietary SAAR. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that auxiliary components of the ISR, which are independent of ATF4, are critical for SAAR-mediated improvements in metabolic health in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- William O Jonsson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Emily T Mirek
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, USA
| | - Melissa A Linden
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, USA
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Cristal M Hill
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Christopher Link
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nazmin Bithi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brian Zalma
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jordan L Levy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Ashley P Pettit
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua W Miller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher Hine
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Thomas W Gettys
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, USA
| | - Ronald C Wek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tracy G Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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