1
|
Faienza MF, Urbano F, Anaclerio F, Moscogiuri LA, Konstantinidou F, Stuppia L, Gatta V. Exploring Maternal Diet-Epigenetic-Gut Microbiome Crosstalk as an Intervention Strategy to Counter Early Obesity Programming. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4358-4378. [PMID: 38785533 PMCID: PMC11119222 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in a mother's metabolism and endocrine system, due to unbalanced nutrition, may increase the risk of both metabolic and non-metabolic disorders in the offspring's childhood and adulthood. The risk of obesity in the offspring can be determined by the interplay between maternal nutrition and lifestyle, intrauterine environment, epigenetic modifications, and early postnatal factors. Several studies have indicated that the fetal bowel begins to colonize before birth and that, during birth and nursing, the gut microbiota continues to change. The mother's gut microbiota is primarily transferred to the fetus through maternal nutrition and the environment. In this way, it is able to impact the establishment of the early fetal and neonatal microbiome, resulting in epigenetic signatures that can possibly predispose the offspring to the development of obesity in later life. However, antioxidants and exercise in the mother have been shown to improve the offspring's metabolism, with improvements in leptin, triglycerides, adiponectin, and insulin resistance, as well as in the fetal birth weight through epigenetic mechanisms. Therefore, in this extensive literature review, we aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal diet, epigenetics, and gut microbiota in order to expand on current knowledge and identify novel potential preventative strategies for lowering the risk of obesity in children and adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Felicia Faienza
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Flavia Urbano
- Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, 70126 Bari, Italy; (F.U.); (L.A.M.)
| | - Federico Anaclerio
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.A.); (F.K.); (L.S.); (V.G.)
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Fani Konstantinidou
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.A.); (F.K.); (L.S.); (V.G.)
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.A.); (F.K.); (L.S.); (V.G.)
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.A.); (F.K.); (L.S.); (V.G.)
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yi Y, Wang T, Xu W, Zhang SH. Epigenetic modifications of placenta in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and their offspring. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:378-391. [PMID: 38591094 PMCID: PMC10999040 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i3.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy-related complication characterized by abnormal glucose metabolism in pregnant women and has an important impact on fetal development. As a bridge between the mother and the fetus, the placenta has nutrient transport functions, endocrine functions, etc., and can regulate placental nutrient transport and fetal growth and development according to maternal metabolic status. Only by means of placental transmission can changes in maternal hyperglycemia affect the fetus. There are many reports on the placental pathophysiological changes associated with GDM, the impacts of GDM on the growth and development of offspring, and the prevalence of GDM in offspring after birth. Placental epigenetic changes in GDM are involved in the programming of fetal development and are involved in the pathogenesis of later chronic diseases. This paper summarizes the effects of changes in placental nutrient transport function and hormone secretion levels due to maternal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia on the development of offspring as well as the participation of changes in placental epigenetic modifications due to maternal hyperglycemia in intrauterine fetal programming to promote a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of placental epigenetic modifications on the development of offspring from patients with GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yi
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei Province, China
| | - San-Hong Zhang
- Department of Pediatric, Xiantao First People’s Hospital, Xiantao 433000, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Silva E, Ferchaud‐Roucher V, Kramer A, Madi L, Pantham P, Chassen S, Jansson T, Powell TL. Oleic acid stimulation of amino acid uptake in primary human trophoblast cells is mediated by phosphatidic acid and mTOR signaling. FASEB Bioadv 2024; 6:1-11. [PMID: 38223199 PMCID: PMC10782470 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2023-00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Normal fetal development is critically dependent on optimal nutrient supply by the placenta, and placental amino acid transport has been demonstrated to be positively associated with fetal growth. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a positive regulator of placental amino acid transporters, such as System A. Oleic acid (OA) has been previously shown to have a stimulatory role on placental mTOR signaling and System A amino acid uptake in primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells. We investigated the mechanistic link between OA and System A activity in PHT. We found that inhibition of mTOR complex 1 or 2, using small interfering RNA to knock down raptor or rictor, prevented OA-stimulated System A amino acid transport indicating the interaction of OA with mTOR. Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a key intermediary for phospholipid biosynthesis and a known regulator of the mTOR pathway; however, phospholipid biosynthetic pathways have not been extensively studied in placenta. We identified placental isoforms of acyl transferase enzymes involved in de novo phospholipid synthesis. Silencing of 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase-4, an enzyme in this pathway, prevented OA mediated stimulation of mTOR and System A amino acid transport. These data indicate that OA stimulates mTOR and amino acid transport in PHT cells mediated through de novo synthesis of PA. We speculate that fatty acids in the maternal circulation, such as OA, regulate placental functions critical for fetal growth by interaction with mTOR and that late pregnancy hyperlipidemia may be critical for increasing nutrient transfer to the fetus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Silva
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | | | - Anita Kramer
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Lana Madi
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Priyadarshini Pantham
- Ob/Gyn & Reproductive SciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Stephanie Chassen
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of NeonatologyUniversity of Colorado, Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Theresa L. Powell
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of NeonatologyUniversity of Colorado, Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zaugg J, Albrecht C. Assessment of Placental Sodium-Independent Leucine Uptake and Transfer in Trophoblast Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2728:105-121. [PMID: 38019395 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3495-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The placenta maintains the balance between nutrition and growth control of the fetus through selective and regulated supply of macronutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and critical micronutrients. Perturbations in the balanced supply of nutrients as found in gestational diseases and altered fetal development have been associated with changes in amino acid transport proteins, such as the System L amino acid heterodimeric exchangers LAT1/SLC7A5 and LAT2/SLC7A8. Syncytiotrophoblasts (STB) form the crucial cell layer at the placental barrier coordinating the transfer of essential amino acids such as leucine from the maternal to the fetal circulation. The System L-mediated leucine transport across the placental barrier is a Na+-independent process against a counter-directed gradient, maintained by a tightly regulated interplay between accumulative transporters, exchangers, and facilitators.The two methods described here allow to standardize and characterize the uptake kinetics of leucine in conventionally cultured BeWo cells and the transfer of leucine across the placental cell barrier using a BeWo monolayer in the Transwell® system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Zaugg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Neri C, Ciliberti A, Dessì DA, Airoldi C, Basello K, Costanzi A, Familiari A, Tersigni C, Cappelletti M, Speciani AF, Lanzone A. B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) in pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity and diabetes: a preliminary study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2272010. [PMID: 37872771 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2272010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity and diabetes, a disruption in inflammatory mediators occurs, resulting in endothelial microvascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, tissue damage, and maternal and feto-neonatal complications. To outline this proinflammatory status, an innovative approach is represented by the measurement of proinflammatory cytokines. Among these biomarkers, B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) play a key role in metabolic regulation, immune response to infections, tissue homeostasis, and "food-related inflammation." The aim of the present study is to investigate the blood expression of BAFF and PAF in a cohort of pregnant women affected by obesity and diabetes compared with a control group of healthy pregnant women. METHODS A prospective longitudinal cohort study has been conducted on pregnant women referred to Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS in Rome. For each pregnant woman, a capillary sample was collected with a swab in three different consecutive evaluations carried out in the three trimesters of pregnancy. RESULTS A total of 77 pregnant women have been enrolled. No significant differences in BAFF and PAF levels were longitudinally observed between groups. Focusing on the exposed group, in the third trimester of pregnancy, both PAF and BAFF levels were lower than the basal time. Among the selected group of patients who developed Gestational Diabetes, only PAF values were longitudinally lower when compared to other groups. The multivariate analysis showed that BAFF levels were positively correlated with thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. No macrosomia, no shoulder dystocia, no major perineal lacerations at birth, and no intrauterine growth restriction were observed in the whole population. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the involvement of metabolic and proinflammatory biomarkers in the mechanisms related to pregnancy complications. Improving a good metabolic environment for obese and diabetic pregnant women could break the vicious cycle connecting inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Neri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ciliberti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Archelao Dessì
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Airoldi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandra Familiari
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Tersigni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Lanzone
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
da Silva ACR, Yadegari A, Tzaneva V, Vasanthan T, Laketic K, Shearer J, Bainbridge SA, Harris C, Adamo KB. Metabolomics to Understand Alterations Induced by Physical Activity during Pregnancy. Metabolites 2023; 13:1178. [PMID: 38132860 PMCID: PMC10745110 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and exercise have been associated with a reduced risk of cancer, obesity, and diabetes. In the context of pregnancy, maintaining an active lifestyle has been shown to decrease gestational weight gain (GWG) and lower the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertension, and macrosomia in offspring. The main pathways activated by PA include BCAAs, lipids, and bile acid metabolism, thereby improving insulin resistance in pregnant individuals. Despite these known benefits, the underlying metabolites and biological mechanisms affected by PA remain poorly understood, highlighting the need for further investigation. Metabolomics, a comprehensive study of metabolite classes, offers valuable insights into the widespread metabolic changes induced by PA. This narrative review focuses on PA metabolomics research using different analytical platforms to analyze pregnant individuals. Existing studies support the hypothesis that exercise behaviour can influence the metabolism of different populations, including pregnant individuals and their offspring. While PA has shown considerable promise in maintaining metabolic health in non-pregnant populations, our comprehension of metabolic changes in the context of a healthy pregnancy remains limited. As a result, further investigation is necessary to clarify the metabolic impact of PA within this unique group, often excluded from physiological research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Rosa da Silva
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (A.C.R.d.S.)
| | - Anahita Yadegari
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (A.C.R.d.S.)
| | - Velislava Tzaneva
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (A.C.R.d.S.)
| | - Tarushika Vasanthan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON M5G 2A7, Canada
| | - Katarina Laketic
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jane Shearer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Kinesiology, Cumming School of Medicine and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Shannon A. Bainbridge
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Cory Harris
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Kristi B. Adamo
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (A.C.R.d.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rosario FJ, Urschitz J, Powell TL, Brown TL, Jansson T. Overexpression of the LAT1 in primary human trophoblast cells increases the uptake of essential amino acids and activates mTOR signaling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1651-1664. [PMID: 37861075 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The System L amino acid transporter, particularly the isoform Large Neutral Amino Acid Transporter Small Subunit 1 (LAT1) encoded by SLC7A5, is believed to mediate the transfer of essential amino acids in the human placenta. Placental System L amino acid transporter expression and activity is decreased in pregnancies complicated by IUGR and increased in fetal overgrowth. However, it remains unknown if changes in the expression of LAT1 are mechanistically linked to System L amino acid transport activity. Here, we combined overexpression approaches with protein analysis and functional studies in cultured primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells to test the hypothesis that SLC7A5 overexpression increases the uptake of essential amino acids and activates mTOR signaling in PHT cells. Overexpression of SLC7A5 resulted in a marked increase in protein expression of LAT1 in the PHT cells microvillous plasma membrane and System L amino acid transporter activity. Moreover, mTOR signaling was activated, and System A amino acid transporter activity increased following SLC7A5 overexpression, suggesting coordination of trophoblast amino transporter expression and activity to ensure balanced nutrient flux to the fetus. This is the first report showing that overexpression of LAT1 is sufficient to increase the uptake of essential amino acids in PHT cells, which activates mTOR, a master regulator of placental function. The decreased placental System L activity in human IUGR and the increased placental activity of this transporter system in some cases of fetal overgrowth may directly contribute to changes in fetal amino acid availability and altered fetal growth in these pregnancy complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick J Rosario
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, U.S.A
| | - Johann Urschitz
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, U.S.A
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, U.S.A
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, U.S.A
| | - Thomas L Brown
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, U.S.A
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, U.S.A
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Barroso E, Díaz M, Reguera AC, Peyman M, Balsinde J, Jurado-Aguilar J, Zhang M, Rostami A, Palomer X, Ibáñez L, Vázquez-Carrera M. CHOP upregulation and dysregulation of the mature form of the SNAT2 amino acid transporter in the placentas from small for gestational age newborns. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:326. [PMID: 37957724 PMCID: PMC10644500 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The placentas from newborns that are small for gestational age (SGA; birth weight < -2 SD for gestational age) may display multiple pathological characteristics. A key determinant of fetal growth and, therefore, birth weight is placental amino acid transport, which is under the control of the serine/threonine kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). The effects of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on the mTOR pathway and the levels of amino acid transporters are not well established. METHODS Placentas from SGA and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) newborns and the human placental BeWo cell line exposed to the ER stressor tunicamycin were used. RESULTS We detected a significant increase in the levels of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in the placentas from SGA newborns compared with those from AGA newborns, while the levels of other ER stress markers were barely affected. In addition, placental mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1) activity and the levels of the mature form of the amino acid transporter sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) were also reduced in the SGA group. Interestingly, CHOP has been reported to upregulate growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 34 (GADD34), which in turn suppresses mTORC1 activity. The GADD34 inhibitor guanabenz attenuated the increase in CHOP protein levels and the reduction in mTORC1 activity caused by the ER stressor tunicamycin in the human placental cell line BeWo, but it did not recover mature SNAT2 protein levels, which might be reduced as a result of defective glycosylation. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data reveal that GADD34A activity and glycosylation are key factors controlling mTORC1 signaling and mature SNAT2 levels in trophoblasts, respectively, and might contribute to the SGA condition. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Barroso
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de L'Alimentació, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Marta Díaz
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Endocrinology, Pediatric Research Institute, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Reguera
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de L'Alimentació, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Mona Peyman
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de L'Alimentació, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jesús Balsinde
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Jurado-Aguilar
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de L'Alimentació, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Meijian Zhang
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de L'Alimentació, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Adel Rostami
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de L'Alimentació, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Xavier Palomer
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de L'Alimentació, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Endocrinology, Pediatric Research Institute, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de L'Alimentació, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Merrill AK, Sobolewski M, Susiarjo M. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals impacts immunological and metabolic status of women during pregnancy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 577:112031. [PMID: 37506868 PMCID: PMC10592265 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa K Merrill
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marissa Sobolewski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Martha Susiarjo
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kramer AC, Jansson T, Bale TL, Powell TL. Maternal-fetal cross-talk via the placenta: influence on offspring development and metabolism. Development 2023; 150:dev202088. [PMID: 37831056 PMCID: PMC10617615 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Compelling epidemiological and animal experimental data demonstrate that cardiometabolic and neuropsychiatric diseases originate in a suboptimal intrauterine environment. Here, we review evidence suggesting that altered placental function may, at least in part, mediate the link between the maternal environment and changes in fetal growth and development. Emerging evidence indicates that the placenta controls the development and function of several fetal tissues through nutrient sensing, modulation of trophoblast nutrient transporters and by altering the number and cargo of released extracellular vesicles. In this Review, we discuss the development and functions of the maternal-placental-fetal interface (in humans and mice) and how cross-talk between these compartments may be a mechanism for in utero programming, focusing on mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), adiponectin and O-GlcNac transferase (OGT) signaling. We also discuss how maternal diet and stress influences fetal development and metabolism and how fetal growth restriction can result in susceptibility to developing chronic disease later in life. Finally, we speculate how interventions targeting placental function may offer unprecedented opportunities to prevent cardiometabolic disease in future generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avery C. Kramer
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tracy L. Bale
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Theresa L. Powell
- Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kolac UK, Donmez Yalcin G, Karayel R, Yalcin A. The role of protein kinase R in placental inflammation, mtUPR and apoptosis. Placenta 2023; 139:200-211. [PMID: 37463546 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Placental inflammation is implicated in the pathophysiology of many pregnancy complications, including fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and choriocarcinoma. Mitochondrial dysfunction, one of the outcomes of placental inflammation, is characterized by loss of membrane potential, accumulation of oxygen radicals, mitochondrial protein folding defects, and disturbances in mitochondrial dynamics. Protein kinase R (PKR) is stimulated by double-stranded RNA and bacterial endotoxins in the presence of pathogens and is a critical immune response enzyme. PKR is also correlated with the cell death response during endoplasmic reticulum stress. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of PKR activity stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and double-stranded RNA analog (Poly I:C) on mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR), mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in placental trophoblasts. METHODS We applied LPS and Poly I:C to BeWo cells to induce PKR activation. In addition, cells were treated with 2-aminopurine (2-AP) to inhibit the kinase activity of PKR. Protein levels of ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit (CLPP) and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) were determined after treatments. Apoptotic markers were detected by real-time PCR and flow cytometry. PKR-induced reactive oxygen radicals (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial membrane potential change were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS It was determined that PKR activation-induced apoptosis in BeWo cells by reducing the levels of mtUPR proteins (CLPP and HSP60) and caused a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. PKR inhibition was sufficient for decreases in apoptotic markers and caused a reduction in the ratio of depolarized and ROS (+) cells. DISCUSSION Our results showed that LPS and Poly I:C administration stimulated PKR in BeWo cells in vitro. Furthermore, PKR activation is correlated with the levels of proteins involved in mitochondrial homeostasis and apoptosis. Our findings will contribute to understanding the role of PKR activation in placental inflammation and related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umut Kerem Kolac
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Gizem Donmez Yalcin
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Karayel
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Yalcin
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guadix P, Corrales I, Vilariño-García T, Rodríguez-Chacón C, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Jiménez-Cortegana C, Dueñas JL, Sánchez-Margalet V, Pérez-Pérez A. Expression of nutrient transporters in placentas affected by gestational diabetes: role of leptin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1172831. [PMID: 37497352 PMCID: PMC10366688 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1172831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most frequent pathophysiological state of pregnancy, which in many cases produces fetuses with macrosomia, requiring increased nutrient transport in the placenta. Recent studies by our group have demonstrated that leptin is a key hormone in placental physiology, and its expression is increased in placentas affected by GDM. However, the effect of leptin on placental nutrient transport, such as transport of glucose, amino acids, and lipids, is not fully understood. Thus, we aimed to review literature on the leptin effect involved in placental nutrient transport as well as activated leptin signaling pathways involved in the expression of placental transporters, which may contribute to an increase in placental nutrient transport in human pregnancies complicated by GDM. Leptin appears to be a relevant key hormone that regulates placental transport, and this regulation is altered in pathophysiological conditions such as gestational diabetes. Adaptations in the placental capacity to transport glucose, amino acids, and lipids may underlie both under- or overgrowth of the fetus when maternal nutrient and hormone levels are altered due to changes in maternal nutrition or metabolic disease. Implementing new strategies to modulate placental transport may improve maternal health and prove effective in normalizing fetal growth in cases of intrauterine growth restriction and fetal overgrowth. However, further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Guadix
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Isabel Corrales
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Teresa Vilariño-García
- Clinical Biochemistry Service, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Chacón
- Clinical Biochemistry Service, Virgen Macarena University Hospital and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Flora Sánchez-Jiménez
- Clinical Biochemistry Service, Virgen Macarena University Hospital and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana
- Clinical Biochemistry Service, Virgen Macarena University Hospital and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - José L. Dueñas
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Clinical Biochemistry Service, Virgen Macarena University Hospital and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Clinical Biochemistry Service, Virgen Macarena University Hospital and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao J, Stewart ID, Baird D, Mason D, Wright J, Zheng J, Gaunt TR, Evans DM, Freathy RM, Langenberg C, Warrington NM, Lawlor DA, Borges MC. Causal effects of maternal circulating amino acids on offspring birthweight: a Mendelian randomisation study. EBioMedicine 2023; 88:104441. [PMID: 36696816 PMCID: PMC9879767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acids are key to protein synthesis, energy metabolism, cell signaling and gene expression; however, the contribution of specific maternal amino acids to fetal growth is unclear. METHODS We explored the effect of maternal circulating amino acids on fetal growth, proxied by birthweight, using two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) and summary data from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of serum amino acids levels (sample 1, n = 86,507) and a maternal GWAS of offspring birthweight in UK Biobank and Early Growth Genetics Consortium, adjusting for fetal genotype effects (sample 2, n = 406,063 with maternal and/or fetal genotype effect estimates). A total of 106 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms robustly associated with 19 amino acids (p < 4.9 × 10-10) were used as genetic instrumental variables (IV). Wald ratio and inverse variance weighted methods were used in MR main analysis. A series of sensitivity analyses were performed to explore IV assumption violations. FINDINGS Our results provide evidence that maternal circulating glutamine (59 g offspring birthweight increase per standard deviation increase in maternal amino acid level, 95% CI: 7, 110) and serine (27 g, 95% CI: 9, 46) raise, while leucine (-59 g, 95% CI: -106, -11) and phenylalanine (-25 g, 95% CI: -47, -4) lower offspring birthweight. These findings are supported by sensitivity analyses. INTERPRETATION Our findings strengthen evidence for key roles of maternal circulating amino acids during pregnancy in healthy fetal growth. FUNDING A full list of funding bodies that contributed to this study can be found under Acknowledgments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; The Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Institute of Early Life Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | | | - Denis Baird
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Dan Mason
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David M Evans
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole M Warrington
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Maria Carolina Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cechinel LR, Batabyal RA, Freishtat RJ, Zohn IE. Parental obesity-induced changes in developmental programming. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:918080. [PMID: 36274855 PMCID: PMC9585252 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.918080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies support the link between parental obesity and the predisposition to develop adult-onset metabolic syndromes that include obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and diabetes in the offspring. As the prevalence of obesity increases in persons of childbearing age, so does metabolic syndrome in their descendants. Understanding how parental obesity alters metabolic programs in the progeny, predisposing them to adult-onset metabolic syndrome, is key to breaking this cycle. This review explores the basis for altered metabolism of offspring exposed to overnutrition by focusing on critical developmental processes influenced by parental obesity. We draw from human and animal model studies, highlighting the adaptations in metabolism that occur during normal pregnancy that become maladaptive with obesity. We describe essential phases of development impacted by parental obesity that contribute to long-term alterations in metabolism in the offspring. These encompass gamete formation, placentation, adipogenesis, pancreas development, and development of brain appetite control circuits. Parental obesity alters the developmental programming of these organs in part by inducing epigenetic changes with long-term consequences on metabolism. While exposure to parental obesity during any of these phases is sufficient to alter long-term metabolism, offspring often experience multiple exposures throughout their development. These insults accumulate to increase further the susceptibility of the offspring to the obesogenic environments of modern society.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang X, Zhang Y, Zheng W, Wang J, Wang Y, Song W, Liang S, Guo C, Ma X, Li G. Dynamic changes and early predictive value of branched-chain amino acids in gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1000296. [PMID: 36313758 PMCID: PMC9614652 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1000296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are closely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but their roles in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are still controversial. This study aims to explore the dynamic changes of BCAAs during pregnancy and identify potential early biomarkers for GDM. METHODS This study is a nested case-control study involved 49 women with GDM and 50 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy pregnant women. The dynamic changes of valine (Val), isoleucine (Ile), and leucine (Leu) were detected in the first (8-12 weeks) and second trimesters (24-28 weeks) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Serum Val, Ile, and Leu were higher in GDM patients than in controls in the first trimester. Compared with the first trimester, the serum Val, Ile, and Leu in GDM patients were decreased in the second trimester. In addition, Val, Ile, and Leu in the first trimester were the risk factors for GDM, and Ile presented a high predictive value for GDM. Ile + age (≥ 35) + BMI (≥ 24) exhibited the highest predictive value for GDM (AUC = 0.902, sensitivity = 93.9%, specificity = 80%). CONCLUSION Maternal serum Ile in the first trimester was a valuable biomarker for GDM. Ile combined with advanced maternal age and overweight may be used for the early prediction of GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- Environmental and Spatial Epidemiology Research Center, National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- Environmental and Spatial Epidemiology Research Center, National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shengnan Liang
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cuimei Guo
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
- Environmental and Spatial Epidemiology Research Center, National Human Genetic Resources Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xu Ma, ; Guanghui Li,
| | - Guanghui Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xu Ma, ; Guanghui Li,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Grilo LF, Tocantins C, Diniz MS, Gomes RM, Oliveira PJ, Matafome P, Pereira SP. Metabolic Disease Programming: From Mitochondria to Epigenetics, Glucocorticoid Signalling and Beyond. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13625. [PMID: 34060076 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic and foetal development are critical periods of development in which several environmental cues determine health and disease in adulthood. Maternal conditions and an unfavourable intrauterine environment impact foetal development and may programme the offspring for increased predisposition to metabolic diseases and other chronic pathologic conditions throughout adult life. Previously, non-communicable chronic diseases were only associated with genetics and lifestyle. Now the origins of non-communicable chronic diseases are associated with early-life adaptations that produce long-term dysfunction. Early-life environment sets the long-term health and disease risk and can span through multiple generations. Recent research in developmental programming aims at identifying the molecular mechanisms responsible for developmental programming outcomes that impact cellular physiology and trigger adulthood disease. The identification of new therapeutic targets can improve offspring's health management and prevent or overcome adverse consequences of foetal programming. This review summarizes recent biomedical discoveries in the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis and highlight possible developmental programming mechanisms, including prenatal structural defects, metabolic (mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, protein modification), epigenetic and glucocorticoid signalling-related mechanisms suggesting molecular clues for the causes and consequences of programming of increased susceptibility of offspring to metabolic disease after birth. Identifying mechanisms involved in DOHaD can contribute to early interventions in pregnancy or early childhood, to re-set the metabolic homeostasis and break the chain of subsequent events that could lead to the development of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luís F Grilo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carolina Tocantins
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana S Diniz
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Mello Gomes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matafome
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) and Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Complementary Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana P Pereira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LametEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Longitudinal Plasma Metabolomics Profile in Pregnancy-A Study in an Ethnically Diverse U.S. Pregnancy Cohort. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093080. [PMID: 34578958 PMCID: PMC8471130 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids, fatty acids, and acylcarnitine metabolites play a pivotal role in maternal and fetal health, but profiles of these metabolites over pregnancy are not completely established. We described longitudinal trajectories of targeted amino acids, fatty acids, and acylcarnitines in pregnancy. We quantified 102 metabolites and combinations (37 fatty acids, 37 amino acids, and 28 acylcarnitines) in plasma samples from pregnant women in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Studies—Singletons cohort (n = 214 women at 10–14 and 15–26 weeks, 107 at 26–31 weeks, and 103 at 33–39 weeks). We used linear mixed models to estimate metabolite trajectories and examined variation by body mass index (BMI), race/ethnicity, and fetal sex. After excluding largely undetected metabolites, we analyzed 77 metabolites and combinations. Levels of 13 of 15 acylcarnitines, 7 of 25 amino acids, and 18 of 37 fatty acids significantly declined over gestation, while 8 of 25 amino acids and 10 of 37 fatty acids significantly increased. Several trajectories appeared to differ by BMI, race/ethnicity, and fetal sex although no tests for interactions remained significant after multiple testing correction. Future studies merit longitudinal measurements to capture metabolite changes in pregnancy, and larger samples to examine modifying effects of maternal and fetal characteristics.
Collapse
|
18
|
Reduction of In Vivo Placental Amino Acid Transport Precedes the Development of Intrauterine Growth Restriction in the Non-Human Primate. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082892. [PMID: 34445051 PMCID: PMC8401823 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with reduced placental amino acid transport (AAT). However, it remains to be established if changes in AAT contribute to restricted fetal growth. We hypothesized that reduced in vivo placental AAT precedes the development of IUGR in baboons with maternal nutrient restriction (MNR). Baboons were fed either a control (ad libitum) or MNR diet (70% of control diet) from gestational day (GD) 30. At GD 140, in vivo transplacental AA transport was measured by infusing nine (13)C- or (2)H-labeled essential amino acids (EAAs) as a bolus into the maternal circulation at cesarean section. A fetal vein-to-maternal artery mole percent excess ratio for each EAA was measured. Microvillous plasma membrane (MVM) system A and system L transport activity were determined. Fetal and placental weights were not significantly different between MNR and control. In vivo, the fetal vein-to-maternal artery mole percent excess ratio was significantly decreased for tryptophan in MNR. MVM system A and system L activity was markedly reduced in MNR. Reduction of in vivo placental amino acid transport precedes fetal growth restriction in the non-human primate, suggesting that reduced placental amino acid transfer may contribute to IUGR.
Collapse
|
19
|
Castillo-Castrejon M, Yamaguchi K, Rodel RL, Erickson K, Kramer A, Hirsch NM, Rolloff K, Jansson T, Barbour LA, Powell TL. Effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on placental expression and activity of nutrient transporters and their association with birth weight and neonatal adiposity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 532:111319. [PMID: 33989714 PMCID: PMC8206039 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Infants born to women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are at risk of being born large for gestational age due to excess fetal fat accretion. Placental nutrient transport determines fetal nutrient availability, impacting fetal growth. The aims of the study were to evaluate the effect of T2DM on placental insulin signaling, placental nutrient transporters and neonatal adiposity. METHODS Placentas were collected from BMI-matched normoglycemic controls (NGT, n = 9) and T2DM (n = 9) women. Syncytiotrophoblast microvillous (MVM) and basal (BM) plasma membranes were isolated. Expression of glucose (GLUT1, -4), fatty acid (FATP2, -4, -6, FAT/CD36), amino acid (SNAT1, -2, -4, LAT1, -2) transporters, insulin signaling, and System A transporter activity was determined. Neonatal fat mass (%) was measured in a subset of neonates born to T2DM women. RESULTS GLUT1 protein expression was increased (p = 0.001) and GLUT4 decreased (p = 0.006) in BM from T2DM. MVM FATP6 expression was increased (p = 0.02) and correlated with birth weight in both T2DM and NGT groups (r = 0.65, p = 0.02). BM FATP6 expression was increased (p = 0.01) in T2DM. In MVM of T2DM placentas, SNAT1 expression was increased (p = 0.05) and correlated with birth weight (r = 0.84, p = 0.004); SNAT2 was increased (p = 0.01), however System A transporter activity was not different between groups. MVM LAT1 expression was increased (p = 0.01) in T2DM and correlated with birth weight (r = 0.59, p = 0.04) and neonatal fat mass (r = 0.76, p = 0.06). CONCLUSION In pregnancies complicated by T2DM placental protein expression of transporters for glucose, amino acids and fatty acids is increased, which may contribute to increased fetal growth and neonatal adiposity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Castillo-Castrejon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Kyohei Yamaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Rachel L Rodel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kathryn Erickson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Anita Kramer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Nicole M Hirsch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kristy Rolloff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Linda A Barbour
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nakano H, Fajardo VM, Nakano A. The role of glucose in physiological and pathological heart formation. Dev Biol 2021; 475:222-233. [PMID: 33577830 PMCID: PMC8107118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cells display distinct metabolic characteristics depending on its differentiation stage. The fuel type of the cells serves not only as a source of energy but also as a driver of differentiation. Glucose, the primary nutrient to the cells, is a critical regulator of rapidly growing embryos. This metabolic change is a consequence as well as a cause of changes in genetic program. Disturbance of fetal glucose metabolism such as in diabetic pregnancy is associated with congenital heart disease. In utero hyperglycemia impacts the left-right axis establishment, migration of cardiac neural crest cells, conotruncal formation and mesenchymal formation of the cardiac cushion during early embryogenesis and causes cardiac hypertrophy in late fetal stages. In this review, we focus on the role of glucose in cardiogenesis and the molecular mechanisms underlying heart diseases associated with hyperglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Viviana M Fajardo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Atsushi Nakano
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bedell S, Hutson J, de Vrijer B, Eastabrook G. Effects of Maternal Obesity and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on the Placenta: Current Knowledge and Targets for Therapeutic Interventions. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 19:176-192. [PMID: 32543363 DOI: 10.2174/1570161118666200616144512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are becoming more common among pregnant women worldwide and are individually associated with a number of placenta-mediated obstetric complications, including preeclampsia, macrosomia, intrauterine growth restriction and stillbirth. The placenta serves several functions throughout pregnancy and is the main exchange site for the transfer of nutrients and gas from mother to fetus. In pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity or GDM, the placenta is exposed to environmental changes, such as increased inflammation and oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and altered hormone levels. These changes can affect placental development and function and lead to abnormal fetal growth and development as well as metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities in the offspring. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the effects of obesity and GDM on placental development and function. Understanding these processes is key in developing therapeutic interventions with the goal of mitigating these effects and preventing future cardiovascular and metabolic pathology in subsequent generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bedell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, ON N6A 3B4, Canada
| | - Janine Hutson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, ON N6A 3B4, Canada
| | - Barbra de Vrijer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, ON N6A 3B4, Canada
| | - Genevieve Eastabrook
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, ON N6A 3B4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Counter-directed leucine gradient promotes amino acid transfer across the human placenta. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 96:108760. [PMID: 33964466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The developing fetus is highly vulnerable to imbalances in the supply of essential amino acids (AA). Transplacental AA transfer depends on complex interactions between accumulative transporters, exchangers and facilitators, which maintain both intra-extracellular and materno-fetal substrate gradients. We determined physiological AA gradients between maternal and fetal blood and assessed their importance by studying maternal-fetal leucine transfer in human trophoblasts. Maternal-venous and corresponding fetal-arterial/fetal-venous sera were collected from 22 healthy patients at partum. The acquisition of the full AA spectra in serum was performed by ion exchange chromatography. Physiological materno-fetal AA levels were evaluated using paired two-way ANOVA with Tukey's correction. AA concentrations and gradients were tested for associations with anthropometric data by Spearman correlation analysis. Functional effects of a physiological leucine gradient versus equimolar concentrations were tested in BeWo cells using L-[3H]-leucine in conventional and Transwell-based uptake and transfer experiments. The LAT1/SLC7A5-specific inhibitor JPH203 was used to evaluate LAT1-transporter-mediated leucine transport. Maternal AA concentrations correlated with preconceptional and maternal weights at partum. Interestingly, low materno-fetal AA gradients were associated with maternal weight, BMI and gestational weight gain. Leucine uptake was promoted by increased extracellular substrate concentrations. Materno-fetal leucine transfer was significantly increased against a 137µM leucine gradient demonstrating that transplacental leucine transport is stimulated by a counter-directed gradient. Moreover, leucine transfer was inhibited by 10µM JPH203 confirming that Leu transport across the trophoblast monolayer is LAT1-dependent. This study demonstrates a currently underestimated effect of transplacental AA gradients on efficient leucine transfer which could severely affect fetal development.
Collapse
|
23
|
Zheng W, Huang W, Liu C, Yan Q, Zhang L, Tian Z, Yuan X, Li G. Weight gain after diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus and its association with adverse pregnancy outcomes: a cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:216. [PMID: 33731035 PMCID: PMC7971950 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and excessive body weight are two key risk factors for adverse perinatal outcomes. However, it is not clear whether restricted gestational weight gain (GWG) is favorable to reduce the risk for adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in women with GDM. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the association of GWG after an oral glucose tolerance test with maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods This prospective cohort study assessed the association of GWG after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in 3126 women with GDM, adjusted for age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, height, gravidity, parity, adverse history of pregnancy, GWG before OGTT, blood glucose level at OGTT and late pregnancy. The outcomes included the prevalence of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and preeclampsia, large for gestational age (LGA), small for gestational age, macrosomia, low birth weight, preterm birth, and birth by cesarean section. GDM was diagnosed according to the criteria established by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups. Results GWG after OGTT was positively associated with risk for overall adverse pregnancy outcomes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.50–1.97), LGA (aOR = 1.29, 95%CI = 1.13–1.47), macrosomia (aOR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.06–1.46) and birth by cesarean section (aOR = 1.91, 95%CI = 1.67–2.19) in women with GDM. Further analyses revealed that a combination of excessive GWG before OGTT and after OGTT increased the risk of PIH and preeclampsia, LGA, macrosomia, and birth by cesarean section compared with adequate GWG throughout pregnancy. In contrast, GWG below the Institute of Medicine guideline after OGTT did not increase the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes despite GWG before OGTT. Conclusion Excessive GWG after OGTT was associated with an elevated risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, while insufficient GWG after OGTT did not increase the risk of LBW. Restricting GWG after diagnosis of GDM in women with excessive GWG in the first half of pregnancy may be beneficial to prevent PIH and preeclampsia, LGA, macrosomia, and birth by cesarean section. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-021-03690-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Wenyu Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Obstetrics, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Zhihong Tian
- Department of Obstetrics, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Xianxian Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Almost 2 billion adults in the world are overweight, and more than half of them are classified as obese, while nearly one-third of children globally experience poor growth and development. Given the vast amount of knowledge that has been gleaned from decades of research on growth and development, a number of questions remain as to why the world is now in the midst of a global epidemic of obesity accompanied by the "double burden of malnutrition," where overweight coexists with underweight and micronutrient deficiencies. This challenge to the human condition can be attributed to nutritional and environmental exposures during pregnancy that may program a fetus to have a higher risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. To explore this concept, frequently called the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), this review considers a host of factors and physiological mechanisms that drive a fetus or child toward a higher risk of obesity, fatty liver disease, hypertension, and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D). To that end, this review explores the epidemiology of DOHaD with discussions focused on adaptations to human energetics, placental development, dysmetabolism, and key environmental exposures that act to promote chronic diseases in adulthood. These areas are complementary and additive in understanding how providing the best conditions for optimal growth can create the best possible conditions for lifelong health. Moreover, understanding both physiological as well as epigenetic and molecular mechanisms for DOHaD is vital to most fully address the global issues of obesity and other chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hoffman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Program in International Nutrition, and Center for Childhood Nutrition Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Division of Exposure Science and Epidemiology, Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Daniel B Hardy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Division of Exposure Science and Epidemiology, Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Diet and Healthy Lifestyle in the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103050. [PMID: 33036170 PMCID: PMC7599681 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among pregnant women increases the risk of both short-term and long-term complications, such as birth complications, babies large for gestational age (LGA), and type 2 diabetes in both mother and offspring. Lifestyle changes are essential in the management of GDM. In this review, we seek to provide an overview of the lifestyle changes which can be recommended in the management of GDM. The diet recommended for women with GDM should contain sufficient macronutrients and micronutrients to support the growth of the foetus and, at the same time, limit postprandial glucose excursions and encourage appropriate maternal gestational weight gain. Blood glucose excursions and hyperglycaemic episodes depend on carbohydrate-intake. Therefore, nutritional counselling should focus on the type, amount, and distribution of carbohydrates in the diet. Further, physical activity has beneficial effects on glucose and insulin levels and it can contribute to a better glycaemic control.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zaugg J, Huang X, Ziegler F, Rubin M, Graff J, Müller J, Moser-Hässig R, Powell T, Gertsch J, Altmann KH, Albrecht C. Small molecule inhibitors provide insights into the relevance of LAT1 and LAT2 in materno-foetal amino acid transport. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12681-12693. [PMID: 33001560 PMCID: PMC7687008 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta supplies the foetus with critical nutrients such as essential amino acids (AA, eg leucine) for development and growth. It also represents a cellular barrier which is formed by a polarized, differentiated syncytiotrophoblast (STB) monolayer. Active Na+‐independent leucine transport across the placenta is mainly attributed to the System L transporters LAT1/SLC7A5 and LAT2/SLC7A8. This study explored the influence of trophoblast differentiation on the activity of LAT1/LAT2 and the relevance of LAT1/LAT2 in leucine uptake and transfer in trophoblasts by applying specific small molecule inhibitors (JPH203/JG336/JX009). L‐leucine uptake (total dose = 167 μmol/L) was sensitive to LAT1‐specific inhibition by JPH203 (EC50 = 2.55 µmol/L). The inhibition efficiency of JPH203 was increased by an additional methoxy group in the JPH203‐derivate JG336 (EC50 = 1.99 µmol/L). Interestingly, JX009 showed efficient System L inhibition (EC50 = 2.35 µmol/L) and was the most potent inhibitor of leucine uptake in trophoblasts. The application of JPH203 and JX009 in Transwell®‐based leucine transfer revealed LAT1 as the major accumulative transporter at the apical membrane, but other System L transporters such as LAT2 as rate‐limiting for leucine efflux across the basal membrane. Therefore, differential specificity of the applied inhibitors allowed for estimation of the contribution of LAT1 and LAT2 in materno‐foetal AA transfer and their potential impact in pregnancy diseases associated with impaired foetal growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Zaugg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Ziegler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Rubin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julien Graff
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Müller
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruedi Moser-Hässig
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Lindenhofgruppe, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Theresa Powell
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Section, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Albrecht
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Maternal physical activity significantly alters the placental transcriptome. Placenta 2020; 100:111-121. [PMID: 32891005 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal lifestyle, in particular physical activity (PA), influences many of the physiological adaptations during pregnancy associated with feto-placental development and growth. There is limited to no information on the link between PA during pregnancy and the molecular mechanisms governing placental function. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms through which maternal PA may influence placental function. METHODS The level of PA was measured by accelerometry and gene expression was measured in term placenta with custom polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays and microarray analysis followed by a pathway analyses on significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). RESULTS Microarray analysis showed 43 significantly DEGs between active and non-active participants. RT-qPCR validation of a sub-sample of DEGs revealed significant changes in the level of expression between active and non-active moms (student's t-test, p < 0.05, n = 11). Genes involved in transport of water (p = 0.00236) and uptake of glycerol (p = 0.00219) were enriched in active moms. PA was also associated with the alteration of alternative splicing patters. The most consistent splicing changes were observed for AQP9 where active moms lacked exon 2. DISCUSSION Variations in maternal PA influences placental gene. We show significant expression changes of genes that are involved in transport and localization between active and non-active women. Most notably, the expression of the aquaporin family of genes (e.g. AQP1 and AQP9) were found to be significantly higher in the placentas of active women suggesting an adaptive response for the transport of water and glycerol in this population.
Collapse
|
28
|
Prenatal Amino Acid Supplementation to Improve Fetal Growth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092535. [PMID: 32825593 PMCID: PMC7551332 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant fetal growth remains a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality and is associated with a risk of developing non-communicable diseases later in life. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis combining human and animal studies to assess whether prenatal amino acid (AA) supplementation could be a promising approach to promote healthy fetal growth. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane libraries were searched to identify studies orally supplementing the following AA groups during gestation: (1) arginine family, (2) branched chain (BCAA), and (3) methyl donors. The primary outcome was fetal/birth weight. Twenty-two human and 89 animal studies were included in the systematic review. The arginine family and, especially, arginine itself were studied the most. Our meta-analysis showed beneficial effects of arginine and (N-Carbamyl) glutamate (NCG) but not aspartic acid and citrulline on fetal/birth weight. However, no effects were reported when an isonitrogenous control diet was included. BCAA and methyl donor supplementation did not affect fetal/birth weight. Arginine family supplementation, in particular arginine and NCG, improves fetal growth in complicated pregnancies. BCAA and methyl donor supplementation do not seem to be as promising in targeting fetal growth. Well-controlled research in complicated pregnancies is needed before ruling out AA supplements or preferring arginine above other AAs.
Collapse
|
29
|
Li Z, Wang D, Cheng Y, Chen P, Ding W, Wang Z. Association between neonatal birthweight and risk of maternal glucose intolerance after gestational diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 12:425-433. [PMID: 32628808 PMCID: PMC7926240 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction To evaluate whether the neonatal birthweight (NBW) is associated with early postpartum glucose intolerance in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods A total of 1,113 women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus who completed an oral glucose tolerance test at 6–9 weeks postpartum between 1 April 2014 and 8 January 2020 were included in this observational prospective cohort study. They were grouped by neonatal birthweight quartiles, and the odds ratios of postpartum glucose intolerance for different levels of neonatal birthweight were assessed. Results A lower NBW quartile was associated with an increased maternal risk of postpartum glucose intolerance after gestational diabetes mellitus. The adjusted odds ratios for maternal glucose intolerance were 1.69 (95% confidence interval 1.13–2.51) in the lowest NBW quartile (NBW 1,980–2,930 g) when compared with the highest NBW quartile (NBW 3,410–4,610 g). The association between lower NBW and maternal glucose intolerance was significantly stronger in women who delivered a girl. Additionally, NBW ≥3,100 g appears to be associated with a lower risk of maternal glucose intolerance postpartum. Conclusions Our findings suggest that low NBW is a previously unrecognized risk factor for maternal glucose intolerance after gestational diabetes in early postpartum in South China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongyu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunjiu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peisong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zilian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nobiletin exerts anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects in an in vitro human model and in vivo murine model of gestational diabetes. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:571-592. [PMID: 32129440 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global health issue, whereby pregnant women are afflicted with carbohydrate intolerance with first onset during pregnancy. GDM is characterized by maternal peripheral insulin resistance, thought to be driven by low-grade maternal inflammation. Nobiletin, a polymethoxylated flavonoid, possesses potent glucose-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its effects in GDM have not been assessed. The present study aimed to determine the effects of nobiletin on glucose metabolism and inflammation associated with GDM in both in vitro human tissues and an in vivo animal model of GDM. In vitro, treatment with nobiletin significantly improved TNF-impaired glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle, and suppressed mRNA expression and protein secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in human placenta and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Mechanistically, nobiletin significantly inhibited Akt and Erk activation in placenta, and NF-κB activation in VAT. In vivo, GDM mice treated with 50 mg/kg nobiletin daily via oral gavage from gestational day (gd) 1-17 or via i.p. injections from gd 10-17 significantly improved glucose tolerance. Pregnant GDM mice treated with nobiletin from either gd 1-17 or gd 10-17 exhibited significantly suppressed mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in placenta, VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Using a quantitative mass spectrometry approach, we identified differentially abundant proteins associated with the effect of nobiletin in vivo. Together, these studies demonstrate that nobiletin improves glucose metabolism and reduces inflammation associated with GDM and may be a novel therapeutic for the prevention of GDM.
Collapse
|
31
|
Down-regulation of placental Cdc42 and Rac1 links mTORC2 inhibition to decreased trophoblast amino acid transport in human intrauterine growth restriction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:53-70. [PMID: 31825077 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) increases the risk for perinatal complications and metabolic and cardiovascular disease later in life. The syncytiotrophoblast (ST) is the transporting epithelium of the human placenta, and decreased expression of amino acid transporter isoforms in the ST plasma membranes is believed to contribute to IUGR. Placental mechanistic target of rapamycin Complex 2 (mTORC2) signaling is inhibited in IUGR and regulates the trafficking of key amino acid transporter (AAT) isoforms to the ST plasma membrane; however, the molecular mechanisms are unknown. Cdc42 and Rac1 are Rho-GTPases that regulate actin-binding proteins, thereby modulating the structure and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. We hypothesized that inhibition of mTORC2 decreases AAT expression in the plasma membrane and amino acid uptake in primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells mediated by down-regulation of Cdc42 and Rac1. mTORC2, but not mTORC1, inhibition decreased the Cdc42 and Rac1 expression. Silencing of Cdc42 and Rac1 inhibited the activity of the System L and A transporters and markedly decreased the trafficking of LAT1 (System L isoform) and SNAT2 (System A isoform) to the plasma membrane. mTORC2 inhibition by silencing of rictor failed to decrease AAT following activation of Cdc42/Rac1. Placental Cdc42 and Rac1 protein expression was down-regulated in human IUGR and was positively correlated with placental mTORC2 signaling. In conclusion, mTORC2 regulates AAT trafficking in PHT cells by modulating Cdc42 and Rac1. Placental mTORC2 inhibition in human IUGR may contribute to decreased placental amino acid transfer and reduced fetal growth mediated by down-regulation of Cdc42 and Rac1.
Collapse
|
32
|
Gupta MB, Jansson T. Novel roles of mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling in regulating fetal growth†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:872-884. [PMID: 30476008 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling functions as a central regulator of cellular metabolism, growth, and survival in response to hormones, growth factors, nutrients, energy, and stress signals. Mechanistic TOR is therefore critical for the growth of most fetal organs, and global mTOR deletion is embryonic lethal. This review discusses emerging evidence suggesting that mTOR signaling also has a role as a critical hub in the overall homeostatic control of fetal growth, adjusting the fetal growth trajectory according to the ability of the maternal supply line to support fetal growth. In the fetus, liver mTOR governs the secretion and phosphorylation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) thereby controlling the bioavailability of insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II), which function as important growth hormones during fetal life. In the placenta, mTOR responds to a large number of growth-related signals, including amino acids, glucose, oxygen, folate, and growth factors, to regulate trophoblast mitochondrial respiration, nutrient transport, and protein synthesis, thereby influencing fetal growth. In the maternal compartment, mTOR is an integral part of a decidual nutrient sensor which links oxygen and nutrient availability to the phosphorylation of IGFBP-1 with preferential effects on the bioavailability of IGF-I in the maternal-fetal interface and in the maternal circulation. These new roles of mTOR signaling in the regulation fetal growth will help us better understand the molecular underpinnings of abnormal fetal growth, such as intrauterine growth restriction and fetal overgrowth, and may represent novel avenues for diagnostics and intervention in important pregnancy complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhulika B Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado
- Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Role of adipose tissue in regulating fetal growth in gestational diabetes mellitus. Placenta 2020; 102:39-48. [PMID: 33218577 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global health issue with significant short and long-term complications for both mother and baby. There is a strong need to identify an effective therapeutic that can prevent the development of GDM. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of GDM and the relationship between the adipose tissue, the placenta and fetal growth is required. The placenta regulates fetal growth by modulating nutrient transfer of glucose, amino acids and fatty acids. Various factors secreted by the adipose tissue, such as adipokines, adipocytokines and more recently identified extracellular vesicles, can influence inflammation and interact with placental nutrient transport. In this review, the role of the placental nutrient transporters and the adipose-derived factors that can influence their function will be discussed. A better understanding of these factors and their relationship may make a potential target for therapeutic interventions to prevent the development of GDM and its consequences.
Collapse
|
34
|
Xu J, Wang J, Cao Y, Jia X, Huang Y, Cai M, Lu C, Zhu H. Downregulation of Placental Amino Acid Transporter Expression and mTORC1 Signaling Activity Contributes to Fetal Growth Retardation in Diabetic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051849. [PMID: 32156054 PMCID: PMC7084659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in placental transport may contribute to abnormal fetal intrauterine growth in pregnancies complicated by diabetes, but it is not clear whether the placental amino acid transport system is altered in diabetic pregnancies. We therefore studied the changes in the expressions of placental amino acid transporters in a rat model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin, and tested the effects of hyperglycemia on trophoblast amino acid transporter in vitro. Our results showed that the expressions for key isoforms of system L amino acid transporters were significantly reduced in the placentas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic pregnant rats, which was associated with the decreased birthweight in the rats. A decreased placental efficiency and decreased placental mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) activity were also found in the rat model. In addition, hyperglycemia in vitro could inhibit amino acid transporter expression and mTORC1 activity in human trophoblast. Inhibition of mTORC1 activity led to reduced amino acid transporter expression in placental trophoblast. We concluded that reduced placental mTORC1 activity during pregnancy resulted in decreased placental amino acid transporter expression and, subsequently, contributed to fetal intrauterine growth restriction in pregnancies complicated with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (J.X.); (J.W.); (Y.C.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.C.)
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (J.X.); (J.W.); (Y.C.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.C.)
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (J.X.); (J.W.); (Y.C.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.C.)
| | - Xiaotong Jia
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (J.X.); (J.W.); (Y.C.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.C.)
| | - Yujia Huang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (J.X.); (J.W.); (Y.C.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.C.)
| | - Minghui Cai
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (J.X.); (J.W.); (Y.C.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.C.)
| | - Chunmei Lu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (J.X.); (J.W.); (Y.C.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (H.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-451-8667-4538 (C.L. & H.Z.)
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; (J.X.); (J.W.); (Y.C.); (X.J.); (Y.H.); (M.C.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, and The Key Laboratory of Preservation of Human Genetic Resources and Disease Control in China, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin 150081, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (H.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-451-8667-4538 (C.L. & H.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
James-Allan LB, Teal S, Powell TL, Jansson T. Changes in Placental Nutrient Transporter Protein Expression and Activity Across Gestation in Normal and Obese Women. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1758-1769. [PMID: 32072607 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth and development are dependent on placental nutrient transport. The syncytiotrophoblast (ST) and its two polarized plasma membranes, the maternal-facing microvillous membrane (MVM) and fetal-facing basal membrane (BM), represent the primary barrier in the human placenta, controlling transplacental transfer of small solutes. MVM and BM nutrient transporter expression and activity are increased in obese mothers delivering large babies. However, placental nutrient transporter expression and activity in early gestation in normal and obese women are largely unknown. Placentas from normal BMI and obese women at 6-24 weeks of gestation, and term placentas from normal BMI women, were collected and ST plasma membranes isolated. The activity and protein expression of amino acid, glucose, and fatty acid transporters was assessed. No significant differences were observed in placental nutrient transporter protein expression between normal BMI and obese women in early pregnancy. In the MVM, system A amino acid activity (p = 0.02), SNAT2 (p < 0.0001), SNAT4 (p < 0.001), and GLUT1 (p = 0.01) protein expression were higher at term compared with early gestation. In contrast, MVM system L activity (p = 0.001), FATP4 (p = 0.03), and FATP6 (p = 0.009) protein expression were lower at term compared with early pregnancy. In the BM, there was no change in system L activity across gestation; however, BM FATP6 (p = 0.002) protein expression was lower at term compared with early pregnancy. These results suggest that placental transport of amino acids, glucose, and fatty acids are subjected to coordinated regulation across gestation to meet a fetal nutrient demand that changes with advancing pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura B James-Allan
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Stephanie Teal
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Stremming J, Jansson T, Powell TL, Rozance PJ, Brown LD. Reduced Na + K + -ATPase activity may reduce amino acid uptake in intrauterine growth restricted fetal sheep muscle despite unchanged ex vivo amino acid transporter activity. J Physiol 2020; 598:1625-1639. [PMID: 31909825 DOI: 10.1113/jp278933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have reduced muscle mass that persists postnatally, which may contribute to their increased risk for adult onset metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. Amino acid transporter-mediated histidine uptake and system L amino acid transporter activity were similar in sarcolemmal membranes isolated from control and IUGR hindlimb skeletal muscle. Activity of Na+ K+ -ATPase, which is responsible for establishing the sodium gradient necessary for system A and N amino acid transporter function, was significantly reduced in IUGR skeletal muscle sarcolemma compared to control. ATP content was lower in IUGR skeletal muscle. Expression and phosphorylation of proteins in the mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway were similar in control and IUGR skeletal muscle homogenate. Our data suggest that lower Na+ K+ -ATPase activity, which reduces the driving force for active amino acid transport, and lower ATP availability contribute to reduced amino acid uptake and protein synthesis in IUGR fetal skeletal muscle. ABSTRACT Fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have lower muscle mass that persists postnatally. Using a sheep model of placental insufficiency and IUGR, we have previously demonstrated lower net total uptake of amino acids by the fetal hindlimb and lower skeletal muscle protein synthesis rates. To investigate the mechanisms underlying these changes, we tested the hypothesis that ex vivo amino acid transporter and Na+ K+ -ATPase activity is reduced, and ex vivo ATP levels are lower in hindlimb skeletal muscle of the IUGR fetus. We developed a novel protocol to measure transporter-mediated histidine uptake, system L amino acid transporter activity and Na+ K+ -ATPase activity using sarcolemmal membranes isolated from hindlimb muscle of control (CON, n = 11-12) and IUGR (n = 12) late gestation fetal sheep. We also determined ATP content and the activity of insulin and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling, which are involved in regulating cellular amino acid uptake and protein synthesis, by measuring the expression and phosphorylation of AKT, 4E-BP1, eIF2α, AMPKα, p70 S6 kinase and rpS6 in muscle homogenates. Transporter-mediated histidine uptake and system L activity were similar in control and IUGR sarcolemma, although ex vivo Na+ K+ -ATPase activity was lower by 64% (P = 0.019) in IUGR sarcolemma. ATP content was lower by 25% (P = 0.007) in IUGR muscle. Insulin, AMPK, and mTOR signalling activity was similar in control and IUGR muscle. We speculate that reduced muscle sarcolemmal Na+ K+ -ATPase activity and lower ATP content diminishes the sodium gradient in vivo, resulting in a reduced driving force for sodium-dependent transporters and subsequently lower muscle amino acid uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Stremming
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul J Rozance
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laura D Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Johns EC, Denison FC, Reynolds RM. The impact of maternal obesity in pregnancy on placental glucocorticoid and macronutrient transport and metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165374. [PMID: 30684643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Maternal obesity is the most common metabolic disturbance in pregnancy affecting >1 in 5 women in some countries. Babies born to obese women are heavier with more adiposity at birth, and are vulnerable to obesity and metabolic disease across the lifespan suggesting offspring health is 'programmed' by fetal exposure to an obese intra-uterine environment. The placenta plays a major role in dictating the impact of maternal health on prenatal development. Maternal obesity impacts the function of integral placental receptors and transporters for glucocorticoids and nutrients, key drivers of fetal growth, though mechanisms remain poorly understood. This review aims to summarise current knowledge in this area, and considers the impact of obesity on the epigenetic machinery of the placenta at this vital juncture in offspring development. Further research is required to advance understanding of these areas in the hope that the trans-generational cycle of obesity can be alleviated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Johns
- Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona C Denison
- Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Stanirowski PJ, Lipa M, Bomba-Opoń D, Wielgoś M. Expression of placental glucose transporter proteins in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth disorders. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 123:95-131. [PMID: 33485490 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy fetal growth disorders, including fetal macrosomia and fetal growth restriction (FGR) are associated with numerous maternal-fetal complications, as well as due to the adverse effect of the intrauterine environment lead to an increased morbidity in adult life. Accumulating evidence suggests that occurrence of fetal macrosomia or FGR, may be associated with alterations in the transfer of nutrients across the placenta, in particular of glucose. The placental expression and activity of specific GLUT transporters are the main regulatory factors in the process of maternal-fetal glucose exchange. This review article summarizes the results of previous studies on the expression of GLUT transporters in the placenta, concentrating on human pregnancies complicated by intrauterine fetal growth disorders. Characteristics of each transporter protein found in the placenta is presented, alterations in the location and expression of GLUT isoforms observed in individual placental compartments are described, and the factors regulating the expression of selected GLUT proteins are examined. Based on the above data, the potential function of each GLUT isoform in the maternal-fetal glucose transfer is determined. Further on, a detailed analysis of changes in the expression of glucose transporters in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth disorders is given, and significance of these modifications for the pathogenesis of fetal macrosomia and FGR is discussed. In the final part novel interventional approaches that might reduce the risk associated with abnormalities of intrauterine fetal growth through modifications of placental GLUT-mediated glucose transfer are explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Jan Stanirowski
- 1(st) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Club 35. Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Lipa
- 1(st) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Club 35. Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Bomba-Opoń
- 1(st) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Wielgoś
- 1(st) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Insulin Resistance in Pregnancy: Implications for Mother and Offspring. CONTEMPORARY ENDOCRINOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25057-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
40
|
Castillo-Castrejon M, Jansson T, Powell TL. No evidence of attenuation of placental insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and amino acid transport in maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E1037-E1049. [PMID: 31573844 PMCID: PMC6962503 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00196.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancies complicated by obesity and/or gestational diabetes (GDM) are associated with peripheral insulin resistance; however, the insulin responsiveness of the placenta in these pregnancy complications remains largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that primary human trophoblast cells and placental villous explants will be insulin responsive, characterized by amino acid transport, Akt and Erk activity with maternal obesity, and/or GDM. We evaluated term placentas from women with normal body mass index (BMI) (normal; n = 15), obesity (OB; n = 11), normal BMI with GDM (N-GDM; n = 11), and obesity with GDM (OB-GDM; n = 11). In a subgroup, primary human trophoblast cells (PHT) were isolated, and in an independent subgroup placental villous explants were exposed to varying concentrations of insulin. Amino acid transport capacity and insulin signaling activity were determined. Insulin significantly increased amino acid transport activity to a similar degree in PHT cells isolated from normal (+21%), N-GDM (+38%), OB (+37%), and OB-GDM (+35%) pregnancies. Insulin increased Akt and Erk phosphorylation in PHT cells (3-fold) and in villous explants (2-fold) in all groups to a similar degree. In contrast to the peripheral maternal insulin resistance commonly associated with obesity and/or GDM, we found that the placenta is insulin sensitive in these pregnancy complications. We suggest that elevated maternal insulin levels in pregnancies complicated by obesity and/or GDM promote critical placental functions, including amino acid transport. Insulin-stimulated placental nutrient delivery may contribute to the increased risk of fetal overgrowth and adiposity in these pregnancies. Moreover, our findings may inform efforts to optimize insulin regimens for women with GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Castillo-Castrejon
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neonatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kappen C, Kruger C, Jones S, Herion NJ, Salbaum JM. Maternal diet modulates placental nutrient transporter gene expression in a mouse model of diabetic pregnancy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224754. [PMID: 31774824 PMCID: PMC6881028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes in the mother during pregnancy is a risk factor for birth defects and perinatal complications and can affect long-term health of the offspring through developmental programming of susceptibility to metabolic disease. We previously showed that Streptozotocin-induced maternal diabetes in mice is associated with altered cell differentiation and with smaller size of the placenta. Placental size and fetal size were affected by maternal diet in this model, and maternal diet also modulated the risk for neural tube defects. In the present study, we sought to determine the extent to which these effects might be mediated through altered expression of nutrient transporters, specifically glucose and fatty acid transporters in the placenta. Our results demonstrate that expression of several transporters is modulated by both maternal diet and maternal diabetes. Diet was revealed as the more prominent determinant of nutrient transporter expression levels, even in pregnancies with uncontrolled diabetes, consistent with the role of diet in placental and fetal growth. Notably, the largest changes in nutrient transporter expression levels were detected around midgestation time points when the placenta is being formed. These findings place the critical time period for susceptibility to diet exposures earlier than previously appreciated, implying that mechanisms underlying developmental programming can act on placenta formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kappen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Claudia Kruger
- Department of Developmental Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Sydney Jones
- Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America Regulation of Gene Expression Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Nils J. Herion
- Department of Developmental Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America Regulation of Gene Expression Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - J. Michael Salbaum
- Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America Regulation of Gene Expression Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jessel RH, Rosario FJ, Chen YY, Erickson K, Teal SB, Kramer A, Cotton E, Ryan S, Jansson T, Powell TL. Decreased placental folate transporter expression and activity in first and second trimester in obese mothers. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 77:108305. [PMID: 31926453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Obese women have an approximately twofold higher risk to deliver an infant with neural tube defects (NTDs) despite folate supplementation. Placental transfer of folate is mediated by folate receptor alpha (FR-α), proton coupled folate transporter (PCFT), and reduced folate carrier (RFC). Decreased placental transport may contribute to NTDs in obese women. Serum folate levels were measured and placental tissue was collected from 13 women with normal BMI (21.9±1.9) and 11 obese women (BMI 33.1±2.8) undergoing elective termination at 8-22 weeks of gestation. The syncytiotrophoblast microvillous plasma membranes (MVM) were isolated using homogenization, magnesium precipitation, and differential centrifugation. MVM expression of FR-α, PCFT and RFC was determined by western blot. Folate transport capacity was assessed using radiolabeled methyl-tetrahydrofolate and rapid filtration techniques. Differences in expression and transport capacity were adjusted for gestational age and maternal age in multivariable regression models. P<.05 was considered statistically significant. Serum folate levels were not significantly different between groups. Placental MVM folate transporter expression did not change with gestational age. MVM RFC (-19%) and FR-α (-17%) expression was significantly reduced in placentas from obese women (P<.05). MVM folate transporter activity was reduced by-52% (P<.05) in obese women. These differences remained after adjustment for gestational age. There was no difference in mTOR signaling between groups. In conclusion, RFC and FR alpha expression and transporter activity in the placental MVM are significantly reduced in obese women in early pregnancy. These results may explain the higher incidence of NTDs in infants of obese women with adequate serum folate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H Jessel
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.
| | - Fredrick J Rosario
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Yi-Yung Chen
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; Division of High-risk Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kathryn Erickson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Stephanie B Teal
- Division of Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Anita Kramer
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Eleanor Cotton
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Sarah Ryan
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
James-Allan LB, Arbet J, Teal SB, Powell TL, Jansson T. Insulin stimulates GLUT4 trafficking to the syncytiotrophoblast basal plasma membrane in the human placenta. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4225-4238. [PMID: 31112275 PMCID: PMC6688457 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Placental transport capacity influences fetal glucose supply. The syncytiotrophoblast is the transporting epithelium in the human placenta, expressing glucose transporters (GLUT) and insulin receptors (IR) in its maternal-facing microvillous (MVM) and fetal-facing basal plasma membrane (BM). OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the expression of the insulin-sensitive GLUT4 glucose transporter and IR in the syncytiotrophoblast plasma membranes across gestation in normal pregnancy and in pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity and (2) assess the effect of insulin on GLUT4 plasma membrane trafficking in human placental explants. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS Placental tissue was collected across gestation from women with normal body mass index (BMI) and obese mothers with appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and macrosomic infants. MVM and BM were isolated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Protein expression of GLUT4, GLUT1 and IR were determined by western blot. RESULTS GLUT4 was exclusively expressed in the BM and IR was predominantly expressed in the MVM, with increasing expression across gestation. BM GLUT1 expression was increased and BM GLUT4 expression was decreased in obese women delivering macrosomic babies. In placental villous explants incubation with insulin stimulated Akt (S473) phosphorylation (+76%, p=0.0003, n=13) independent of maternal BMI and increased BM GLUT4 protein expression (+77%, p=0.0013, n=7) in placentas from lean but not obese women. CONCLUSION We propose that maternal insulin stimulates placental glucose transport by promoting GLUT4 trafficking to the BM, which may enhance glucose transfer to the fetus in response to postprandial hyperinsulinemia in women with normal BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura B James-Allan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Laura B. James-Allan, PhD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045. E-mail:
| | - Jaron Arbet
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Stephanie B Teal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jayabalan N, Lai A, Ormazabal V, Adam S, Guanzon D, Palma C, Scholz-Romero K, Lim R, Jansson T, McIntyre HD, Lappas M, Salomon C. Adipose Tissue Exosomal Proteomic Profile Reveals a Role on Placenta Glucose Metabolism in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:1735-1752. [PMID: 30517676 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Molecules produced by adipose tissue (AT) function as an endocrine link between maternal AT and fetal growth by regulating placental function in normal women and women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that AT-derived exosomes (exo-AT) from women with GDM would carry a specific set of proteins that influences glucose metabolism in the placenta. DESIGN Exosomes were isolated from omental AT-conditioned media from normal glucose tolerant (NGT) pregnant women (n = 65) and pregnant women with GDM (n = 82). Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry was used to construct a small ion library from AT and exosomal proteins, followed by ingenuity pathway analysis to determine the canonical pathways and biofunctions. The effect of exosomes on human placental cells was determined using a Human Glucose Metabolism RT2 Profiler PCR array. RESULTS The number of exosomes (vesicles/μg of tissue/24 hours) was substantially (1.7-fold) greater in GDM than in NGT, and the number of exosomes correlated positively with the birthweight Z score. Ingenuity pathway analysis of the exosomal proteins revealed differential expression of the proteins targeting the sirtuin signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, and mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway in GDM compared with NGT. GDM exo-AT increased the expression of genes associated with glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in placental cells compared with the effect of NGT exo-AT. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with the possibility that AT exosomes play an important role in mediating the changes in placental function in GDM and might be responsible for some of the adverse consequences in this pregnancy complication, such as fetal overgrowth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanthini Jayabalan
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Lai
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Valeska Ormazabal
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Stefanie Adam
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dominic Guanzon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carlos Palma
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katherin Scholz-Romero
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ratana Lim
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Harold David McIntyre
- Mater Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Michelsen TM, Holme AM, Holm MB, Roland MC, Haugen G, Powell TL, Jansson T, Henriksen T. Uteroplacental Glucose Uptake and Fetal Glucose Consumption: A Quantitative Study in Human Pregnancies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:873-882. [PMID: 30339207 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Maternal glucose levels and body mass index (BMI) are determinants of fetal overgrowth, but their relation to fetal glucose consumption is not well characterized in human pregnancy. OBJECTIVES To quantify uteroplacental glucose uptake and the allocation of glucose between the placenta and fetus and to identify factors that affect fetal glucose consumption. DESIGN Human in vivo study in term pregnancies. SETTING Oslo University Hospital, Norway. PARTICIPANTS One hundred seventy-nine healthy women with elective cesarean section. INTERVENTIONS Uterine and umbilical blood flow was determined using Doppler ultrasonography. Glucose and insulin were measured in the maternal radial artery and uterine vein and the umbilical artery and vein. In a subcohort (n = 33), GLUT1 expression was determined in isolated syncytiotrophoblast basal and microvillous plasma membranes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Uteroplacental glucose uptake and placental and fetal glucose consumption quantified by the Fick principle. RESULTS Median (Q1, Q3) uteroplacental glucose uptake was 117.1 (59.1, 224.9) μmol⋅min-1, and fetal and placental glucose consumptions were 28.9 (15.4, 41.8) µmol⋅min-1⋅kg fetus-1 and 51.4 (-65.8, 185.4) µmol⋅min-1⋅kg placenta-1, respectively. Fetal glucose consumption correlated with birth weight (ρ: 0.34; P < 0.001) and maternal-fetal glucose gradient (ρ: 0.60; P < 0.001), but not with maternal BMI or uteroplacental glucose uptake. Uteroplacental glucose uptake was correlated to placental glucose consumption (ρ: 0.77; P < 0.001). Fetal and placental glucose consumptions were inversely correlated (ρ: -0.47; P < 0.001), but neither was correlated with placental GLUT1 expression. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that fetal glucose consumption is balanced against the placental needs for glucose and that placental glucose consumption is a key modulator of maternal-fetal glucose transfer in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trond M Michelsen
- Department of Obstetrics Rikshospitalet, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Research Unit, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway
| | - Ane M Holme
- Department of Obstetrics Rikshospitalet, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maia B Holm
- Department of Obstetrics Rikshospitalet, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie C Roland
- Department of Obstetrics Rikshospitalet, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Advisory Unit on Women's Health, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haugen
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Theresa L Powell
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tore Henriksen
- Department of Obstetrics Rikshospitalet, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Murthi P, Vaillancourt C. RETRACTED: Placental serotonin systems in pregnancy metabolic complications associated with maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165391. [PMID: 30738809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).
The publication was retracted by request of the authors following an investigation by Monash University performed following its Procedures for Investigating Code Breaches and in accordance with the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research.
The University concluded on the balance of probability that a significant part of the text in the paper was included without knowledge, without consent and without correct attribution of the original author who, at the time, was a student at the University. The results discussed in the review article are still scientifically valid.
☆
This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Transporters and Receptors in Pregnancy Metabolic Complications edited by Luis Sobrevia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Padma Murthi
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, The Ritchie Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec and Biomed Research Center, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Rosado-Yépez PI, Chávez-Corral DV, Reza-López SA, Leal-Berumen I, Fierro-Murga R, Caballero-Cummings S, Levario-Carrillo M. Relation between pregestational obesity and characteristics of the placenta. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 33:3425-3430. [PMID: 30704317 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1573222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the morphology of the placenta in patients with pregestational overweight (OW), pregestational obesity (PGOB), or normal weight.Methods: A cross-sectional study including women (n = 114) ≥20 years of age with a singleton pregnancy was carried out. The groups were integrated according to pregestational body mass index (BMI): 51 patients had a normal BMI (18.5-24.99 kg/m2), 30 were overweight (25-29.99 kg/m2), and 33 women were obese (≥30.0 kg/m2). A morphometric study of the placenta was performed and the placental maturity index (PMI) was calculated according to the formula: PMI = number of vasculo-syncytial membranes (VSM) in 1 mm2/VSM thickness. In the histopathological study, the presence of infarcts, calcifications, hemorrhage, thrombosis, fibrosis, cysts, and edema was determined.Results: The weight and length of newborns at birth were greater in the group with PGOB (p < .01). We observed a lower number of VSM (29 ± 9 versus 39 ± 13 and 34 ± 11) and a greater thickness (1.05 ± 0.24 versus 0.95 ± 0.08 and 0.89 ± 0.09) and, therefore, a lower PMI (29.75 ± 12.63 versus 40.88 ± 15.25 and 39.28 ± 14.4) in the group of women with PGOB compared with the group of women with OW or normal weight (p < .01). The histopathological analyses showed a greater frequency of edema and cysts in the PGOB group.Conclusion: PGOB is associated with a higher placental weight and newborn weight, a lower PMI, and the presence of histopathological alterations. The preceding points highlight the importance of promoting an appropriate pregestational weight in women of reproductive age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola I Rosado-Yépez
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico.,Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Chihuahua, México
| | - Dora V Chávez-Corral
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Sandra A Reza-López
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Irene Leal-Berumen
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Fierro-Murga
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chassen S, Jansson T. Complex, coordinated and highly regulated changes in placental signaling and nutrient transport capacity in IUGR. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165373. [PMID: 30684642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The most common cause of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in the developed world is placental insufficiency, a concept often used synonymously with reduced utero-placental and umbilical blood flows. However, placental insufficiency and IUGR are associated with complex, coordinated and highly regulated changes in placental signaling and nutrient transport including inhibition of insulin and mTOR signaling and down-regulation of specific amino acid transporters, Na+/K+-ATPase, the Na+/H+-exchanger, folate and lactate transporters. In contrast, placental glucose transport capacity is unaltered and Ca2+-ATPase activity and the expression of proteins involved in placental lipid transport are increased in IUGR. These findings are not entirely consistent with the traditional view that the placenta is dysfunctional in IUGR, but rather suggest that the placenta adapts to reduce fetal growth in response to an inability of the mother to allocate resources to the fetus. This new model has implications for the understanding of the mechanisms underpinning IUGR and for the development of intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Chassen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Thomas Jansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hulme CH, Stevens A, Dunn W, Heazell AEP, Hollywood K, Begley P, Westwood M, Myers JE. Identification of the functional pathways altered by placental cell exposure to high glucose: lessons from the transcript and metabolite interactome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5270. [PMID: 29588451 PMCID: PMC5869594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The specific consequences of hyperglycaemia on placental metabolism and function are incompletely understood but likely contribute to poor pregnancy outcomes associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to identify the functional biochemical pathways perturbed by placental exposure to high glucose levels through integrative analysis of the trophoblast transcriptome and metabolome. The human trophoblast cell line, BeWo, was cultured in 5 or 25 mM glucose, as a model of the placenta in DM. Transcriptomic analysis using microarrays, demonstrated 5632 differentially expressed gene transcripts (≥± 1.3 fold change (FC)) following exposure to high glucose. These genes were used to generate interactome models of transcript response using BioGRID (non-inferred network: 2500 nodes (genes) and 10541 protein-protein interactions). Ultra performance-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and gas chromatography-MS analysis of intracellular extracts and culture medium were used to assess the response of metabolite profiles to high glucose concentration. The interactions of altered genes and metabolites were assessed using the MetScape interactome database, resulting in an integrated model of systemic transcriptome (2969 genes) and metabolome (41 metabolites) response within placental cells exposed to high glucose. The functional pathways which demonstrated significant change in response to high glucose included fatty acid β-oxidation, phospholipid metabolism and phosphatidylinositol phosphate signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C H Hulme
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - A Stevens
- Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - W Dunn
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,School of Biosciences, Phenome Centre Birmingham and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - A E P Heazell
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - K Hollywood
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - P Begley
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - M Westwood
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - J E Myers
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK. .,Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ruchob R, Rutherford JN, Bell AF. A Systematic Review of Placental Biomarkers Predicting Small-for-Gestational-Age Neonates. Biol Res Nurs 2018; 20:272-283. [DOI: 10.1177/1099800418760997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background: Neonates born small for gestational age (SGA) face increased risk of neonatal mortality, childhood developmental problems, and adult disease. The placenta is a key factor in SGA development because of its multiple biological processes that underlie fetal growth. However, valid and reliable placental biomarkers of SGA have not been determined. Objectives: The objective of this article was to systematically identify and review studies examining associations between placental biomarkers and SGA and assess those biomarkers’ predictive value. Methods: Use of the matrix method and the PRISMA guidelines ensured systematic identification of relevant articles based on selection criteria. PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE were searched for English articles published in 2005–2016 that addressed relationships between placental biomarkers and SGA. Results: The search captured 466 articles; 13 met selection criteria. The review identified 14 potential placental biomarkers for SGA, with placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 being the most commonly studied. However, findings for these and other biomarkers have often been contradictory. Thus, no placental biomarkers have been confirmed as reliable for predicting SGA. Conclusion: The inconsistent findings suggest low placental biomarker reliability, perhaps due to the multifactorial nature of SGA. This review is novel in its focus on identifying potential placental biomarkers for SGA, producing a better understanding of how placental function underlies fetal growth. Nevertheless, use of placental biomarkers alone may not be adequate for predicting SGA. Therefore, combinations of biomarkers and other predictive tests should be evaluated for their ability to predict risk of SGA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rungnapa Ruchob
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julienne N. Rutherford
- Department of Women, Children & Family Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aleeca F. Bell
- Department of Women, Children & Family Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|