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Herz L, Gullone E. The Relationship between Self-Esteem and Parenting Style. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022199030006005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Within Western cultures, self-esteem consistently has been demonstrated to be inversely related with parenting styles characterized by low levels of acceptance and high levels of overprotection (i.e., affectionless control). Although in traditional collectivist cultures there may be a preference for this parenting style, within a strong collectivist framework it is not thought to have a negative impact on self-esteem. However, for immigrant adolescents, the cultural context of collectivism may no longer support such a parenting style as adaptive, particularly because they tend to acculturate more quickly than their parents. To investigate this proposal, 118 Vietnamese Australian and 120 Anglo-Australian adolescents, aged 11 to 18 years, were recruited. They were administered the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory; the Parental Bonding Instrument, an acculturation measure; and two subscales of Eysenck’s Personality Questionnaire. As expected, parenting characterized by high levels of overprotection and low levels of acceptance related negatively with self-esteem for both samples of adolescents.
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Rosario M, Hunter J, Gwadz M. Exploration of Substance Use Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0743554897124003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence and correlates of substance use and abuse were explored among lesbian, gay male, and bisexual youth recruitedfrom gay-focused organizations in New York City. Lifetime substance use was prevalent andfrequent, as was quantity of use and substance abuse symptoms. Few significant gender or ethnic differences emerged, but the significant differences unexpectedly indicated that the female youth were at greater risk for substance abuse than the male youth. Number of substances ever used and substance abuse symptoms were associated with initiating alcohol and illicit drugs to cope with psychological issues. Howeve, number of substances ever used and substance abuse symptoms were not explained by social learning theory, social control theory, or self-derogation theory when relations were explored. Thefindings are interpretedfrom the perspective of sexual identity, specifically that gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth may use substances to cope with the societal stigma of homosexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marya Gwadz
- New York State Psychiatric, Institute and Columbia University
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Abstract
Four studies were conducted to examine the death anxiety buffering function of work as a terror management mechanism, and the possible moderating role of culture. In Study 1, making mortality salient led to higher reports of participants’ desire to work. In Study 2, activating thoughts of fulfillment of the desire to work after mortality salience reduced the accessibility of death-related thoughts. In Study 3, activating thoughts of fulfillment of the desire to work reduced the effects of mortality salience on out-group derogation. In Study 4, priming thoughts about obstacles to the actualization of desire to work led to greater accessibility of death-related thoughts. Although two different cultures with contrasting work values were examined, the results were consistent, indicating that the desire to work serves as a death anxiety buffer mechanism in both cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez Yaakobi
- School of Management, Ono Academic College, Israel
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Pagan Rivera M, Depaulo D. The role of family support and parental monitoring as mediators in Mexican American adolescent drinking. Subst Use Misuse 2013; 48:1577-88. [PMID: 23822737 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2013.808220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study contributes to the current gap in the literature on drinking behaviors among Mexican American youth by exploring the role of family relationships as a mediator against alcohol use. This is a secondary analysis of data from a nationally representative study on Adolescent Health (ADD Health) collected in 1995 and focuses on a sample (n = 1,424) of Mexican American teens across the United States. Analysis of the data utilizes multiple regression to identify risks and protective factors of adolescent drinking in Mexican American youth. The study's implications and limitations are noted and important areas for future research are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pagan Rivera
- Borough of Manhattan Community College, Social Sciences and Human Services , New York, New York , USA
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Tomaka J, Morales-Monks S, Shamaley AG. Stress and coping mediate relationships between contingent and global self-esteem and alcohol-related problems among college drinkers. Stress Health 2013; 29:205-13. [PMID: 22930540 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the hypotheses that contingent self-esteem would be positively associated with alcohol-related problems and that global self-esteem would be negatively associated with such problems. It also examined the hypothesis that high stress and maladaptive coping would mediate these relationships. A sample of college students (n = 399) who were predominantly Hispanic (89%) completed measures of global and contingent self-esteem; stress and coping; and alcohol-related problems. Correlational and latent variable analyses indicated that contingent self-esteem positively related to alcohol-related problems, with maladaptive coping mediating this relationship. In contrast, global self-esteem negatively related to such problems, a relationship that was also mediated by maladaptive coping and stress. Overall, the results highlight the potentially harmful consequences of contingent self-worth and the adaptive nature of non-contingent self-esteem. They also demonstrate the important role that coping plays in mediating self-esteem's associations with alcohol-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Tomaka
- The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
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Self-referential thinking, suicide, and function of the cortical midline structures and striatum in mood disorders: possible implications for treatment studies of mindfulness-based interventions for bipolar depression. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2012; 2012:246725. [PMID: 21961061 PMCID: PMC3180071 DOI: 10.1155/2012/246725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar depression is often refractory to treatment and is frequently associated with anxiety symptoms and elevated suicide risk. There is a great need for adjunctive psychotherapeutic interventions. Treatments with effectiveness for depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as suicide-related thoughts and behaviors would be particularly beneficial. Mindfulness-based interventions hold promise, and studies of these approaches for bipolar disorder are warranted. The aim of this paper is to provide a conceptual background for such studies by reviewing key findings from diverse lines of investigation. Results of that review indicate that cortical midline structures (CMS) appear to link abnormal self-referential thinking to emotional dysregulation in mood disorders. Furthermore, CMS and striatal dysfunction may play a role in the neuropathology underlying suicide-related thoughts and behaviors. Thus, combining studies of mindfulness interventions targeting abnormal self-referential thinking with functional imaging of CMS and striatal function may help delineate the neurobiological mechanisms of action of these treatments.
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Miller P, Plant M, Choquet M, Ledoux S. Cigarettes, alcohol, drugs and self-esteem: a comparison of 15-16-year-olds from France and the UK. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/14659890210132090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Rangarajan S. Mediators and moderators of parental alcoholism effects on offspring self-esteem. Alcohol Alcohol 2008; 43:481-91. [PMID: 18467489 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agn034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The goal of the proposed study was fourfold: (i) to examine the effects of parental alcoholism on adult offspring's self-esteem; (ii) to identify and test possible mediators and moderators of parental alcoholism effects on the self-esteem of adult offspring; (iii) to examine the utility and relevance of attachment theory (Bowlby J. (1969) Attachment and Loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. New York: Basic Books) in explaining parental alcoholism effects on self-esteem and (iv) to address some of the methodological limitations identified in past research on adult children of alcoholics (ACOA). METHODS Participants (N = 515) completed retrospective reports of parental alcoholism, family stressors, family communication patterns, parental attachment and a current measure of self-esteem. RESULTS The results showed support for the detrimental effects of parental alcoholism on offspring self-esteem and offered partial support for family stressors as a mediator of parental alcoholism effects on parental attachment and parental attachment as a mediator of parental alcoholism effects on offspring self-esteem, respectively. Finally, support was found for family communication patterns as a moderator of the effects of family stressors on attachment. CONCLUSIONS The study findings offer preliminary support for the utility of attachment theory in explicating parental alcoholism effects on the self-esteem of adult offspring. Findings from the present study make salient the need to consider factors beyond the identification of parental alcohol abuse when explicating individual differences in offspring self-esteem in adulthood. The identification of protective and risk factors can contribute to the development of optimal intervention strategies to help ACOAs better than simply the knowledge of family drinking patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sripriya Rangarajan
- Utah Valley University, FA 721, 800 West University Parkway, Orem, UT 84058, USA.
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Ponsoda V, Abad FJ, Francis LJ, Hills PR. Gender Differences in the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2008. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001.29.4.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In a study of 802 16-year-old pupils, Francis (1998) found that males scored significantly higher than females on the school short-form of the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory. He concluded that this instrument may be biased in favor of males. The original data employed by Francis have now been re-examined for the incidence of differential item functioning (DIF) by the Mantel-Haenszel, logistic regression, and SIBTEST statistical procedures. The present study has confirmed that 11 items exhibit DIF, on six of which females outperform males and on five of which males outperform females, but no statistically significant collective DIF was found for the set of the 11 items that exhibited DIF. It has been concluded, therefore, that the differences in levels of self-esteem reported by Francis (1998) are the result of genuine gender differences in self-esteem and not to any artifact of test construction. Individual examination of the items that show DIF supports the widely held view that, in general, among males self-esteem tends to be generated personally, whereas among females self-esteem is more dependent on interactions with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Ponsoda
- Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Peter R. Hills
- Welsh National Centre for Religious Education, Bangor, UK
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Duncan B, Rees DI. Effect of smoking on depressive symptomatology: a reexamination of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 162:461-70. [PMID: 16076832 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwi219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using 1995-1996 data from the first two waves of the National Longitudinal Adolescent Health Study, the authors found that respondents who smoked cigarettes scored, on average, three points higher than did nonsmokers on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale. This gap persists even after accounting for observable factors, such as personal and parental characteristics. In contrast, controlling for the influence of unobservable factors potentially correlated with smoking behavior and depression produces smaller estimates. For instance, estimates from a linear regression model augmented with fixed effects suggest that the average male smoker would score 0.84 points higher on the CES-D Scale (95% confidence interval: 0.44, 1.25) than his nonsmoking counterpart; the average female smoker is predicted to score 1.25 points higher on the CES-D Scale (95% confidence interval: 0.75, 1.75) than her nonsmoking counterpart. The authors conclude that, for the average adolescent, the association between smoking and the symptoms of depression can in large part be attributed to the influence of unobservable factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Duncan
- Department of Economics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA
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Dalla-Déa HRF, De Micheli D, Formigoni MLOS. Effects of identification and usefulness of the Lie Scale of the Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI-R) in the assessment of adolescent drug use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2003; 72:215-23. [PMID: 14643938 DOI: 10.1016/s0376-8716(03)00219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of subject identification versus anonymity on adolescents' drug use assessment using the Drug Use Screening Inventory-R and to assess the usefulness of the "Lie Scale" of that instrument. METHODS Six hundred and fifty-five Brazilian students (5th to 11th graders) from a public school of São Paulo participated in the study. One third of them were instructed to put their names on the questionnaire, one third answered it anonymously and the remaining ones were partially identified according to a code list that was kept by one student who represented his classmates. The answers of the identified groups of students were compared with those from the anonymous group. According to their scores in the Lie Scale, the students were divided into two groups: low and high score groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS No significant differences were found among anonymous, identified and partially identified groups regarding alcohol or drug consumption report, or in the density of problems in all drug use screening inventory (DUSI) areas. Regarding the Lie Scale, the high score group reported lower alcohol or drug consumption and fewer alcohol or drug related problems in all DUSI areas when compared to the low score group. The results suggest that identification or anonymity does not affect the students' answers to the DUSI and point out the usefulness of the Lie Scale of DUSI-R.
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Martin CA, Rayens MK, Kelly T, Hartung C, Leukefeld C, Haigler E. Card Perseveration Task performance and post-task feeling states: relationship to drug use in adolescents. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2000; 26:325-33. [PMID: 10852364 DOI: 10.1081/ada-100100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether performance on the Card Perseveration Task (Card Task) and self-report of feeling state after the task are related to self-report of drug use. The evaluation was of 64 adolescents from an adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinic (40 males, aged 15.5 years, SD = 1.6; 24 females aged 16.9 years, SD = 1.5). Drug use histories were obtained using a substance dependence symptom checklist based on DSM-III-R. The Card Task was administered, and after completion, a Post-Task Self-Report (PTSR) was administered. A factor analysis with varimax rotation grouped the 28 items of the PTSR into Distress, Happy, Satisfied, and Wanting to Win subscales. Correlations of drug use with performance on the Card Task and the PTSR subscales were obtained. Cards Played on the Card Task were correlated with alcohol (cc = .31, p < or = .01); marijuana (cc = .35, p < or = .01) and polydrug (cc = .26, p < or = .05) dependence symptoms. Money Won on the Card Task was correlated negatively with nicotine (cc = -.26, p < or = .05) and marijuana (cc = -.27, p < or = .05) dependence symptoms. The PTSR Distress subscale correlated with nicotine (cc = .49, p < or = .001), alcohol (cc = .37, p < or = .01), marijuana (cc = .39, p < or = .01), and polydrug (cc = .49, p < or = .001) dependence symptoms. These findings provide evidence that both the Card Task and feeling states associated with task performance are related to self-reports of drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Martin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington 40509-1810, USA.
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Pullen LM, Modrcin-McCarthy MA, Graf EV. Adolescent depression: important facts that matter. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2000; 13:69-75. [PMID: 11146918 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6171.2000.tb00080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if there are differences in adolescent depression using variables of age, gender, smoking, and alcohol use. METHODS A comparative, descriptive survey design was used. The adolescents (N = 217) completed either the Beck Depression Inventory or the Children's Depression Inventory and a demographic questionnaire. FINDINGS The 15- to 16-year-olds (p = .016), females (p = .003), and smokers (p = .001) scored significantly higher than the 12- to 14-year-olds on depression. The 15- to 16-year-olds who used alcohol were found to be twice as depressed as the nonusers (p = .002). No significant differences were found in the 17- to 19-year-old age group. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed depression increased with age, in females, and with smokers. Nurses are in a unique position to provide interventions to promote healthy lifestyles and reduce the likelihood of depression and alcohol and nicotine abuse in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Pullen
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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Francis LJ. Self-esteem as a function of personality and gender among 8–11 year olds: is coopersmith's index fair? PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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McClanahan KK, McLaughlin RJ, Loos VE, Holcomb JD, Gibbins AD, Smith QW. Training school counselors in substance abuse risk reduction techniques for use with children and adolescents. JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION 1998; 28:39-51. [PMID: 9567579 DOI: 10.2190/ac07-7tnc-r5by-utn0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A training project prepared school counselors for expanded roles in the prevention, early detection, and appropriate referral of students at high risk of substance abuse. The project trained middle and high school counselors to work as facilitators of support groups for students at greatest risk for substance abuse; the results were: 1) greater perceived self-efficacy, comfort, confidence, and competence by counselors as a result of Initial, Experiential, and Concurrent training, and 2) improved ability to use group counseling techniques as a result of training.
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Overholser JC. Cognitive-behavioral treatment of depression, part V: Enhancing self-esteem and self-control. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOTHERAPY 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02306955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Francis LJ, Carter M, Jones S. The properties of the lipsitt self-concept scale in relationship to sex, social desirability, neuroticism and extra version. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0191-8869(95)00103-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Overholser JC, Adams DM, Lehnert KL, Brinkman DC. Self-esteem deficits and suicidal tendencies among adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995; 34:919-28. [PMID: 7649963 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199507000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-esteem can play an important role in suicidal tendencies among adolescents. The present study was designed to examine the relationship between self-esteem deficits and suicidal tendencies in 254 adolescent psychiatric inpatients and 288 high school students. METHOD The direct relationship between self-esteem and suicidal tendencies was examined by assessing suicidal ideation and history of suicide attempts. An indirect relationship between self-esteem and suicidality was examined by assessing depression and hopelessness. RESULTS Differences were found across gender and hospitalization status, with males reporting higher self-esteem than females and high school students scoring higher in self-esteem than psychiatric inpatients. However, correlations among variables remained similar across gender and hospitalization status. Thus, low self-esteem was related to higher levels of depression, hopelessness, suicidal ideation, and an increased likelihood of having previously attempted suicide. Furthermore, self-esteem added to the understanding of suicidal ideation beyond what could be explained by depression and hopelessness. CONCLUSIONS Low self-esteem was closely related to feelings of depression, hopelessness, and suicidal tendencies. Assessment of adolescents should include an evaluation of self-esteem, and therapy should attempt to address any self-esteem deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Overholser
- Psychology Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7123, USA
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Peretti PO, Wilson TT. UNFAVORABLE OUTCOMES OF THE IDENTITY CRISIS AMONG AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS INFLUENCED BY ENFORCED ACCULTURATION. SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY 1995. [DOI: 10.2224/sbp.1995.23.2.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents face an identity crisis which needs to be favorably resolved in order for the individuals to become independent, effective adults; unfavorable resolution leads to confusion of ones adult sense of identity. African-American adolescents have a particularly complex task attempting
favorable resolution due to enforced acculturation with views and concerns relating to American history, culture, educational systems, religious institutions, science, philosophy, literature, politics and law, which have little association with African backgrounds. African cultural artifacts
and mentifacts would tend to facilitate a more favorable outcome of the identity crisis among African-American adolescents.
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Katkov YA, Otmakhova NA, Gurevich EV, Nesterova IV, Bobkova NV. Antidepressants suppress bulbectomy-induced augmentation of voluntary alcohol consumption in C57B1/6j but not in DBA/2j mice. Physiol Behav 1994; 56:501-9. [PMID: 7972400 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(94)90293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bulbectomy has been previously shown to produce the specific antidepressant-sensitive syndrome in C57Bl/6j, but not DBA/2j mice. The present study examined the effect of the depression on voluntary alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption and alcohol preference (% of alcohol solution in total liquid) in a free-choice, two-bottle situation was measured in C57BL/6j and DBA/2j mice after sham-operation, anosmia with 10% ZnSO4, or bulbectomy. Both anosmic and bulbectomized mice of both strains consumed more alcohol and showed stronger preference for alcohol than sham-operated mice. In DBA/2j mice both operations altered alcohol consumption of the whole population, and the effect of bulbectomy was stronger. In C57Bl/6j mice bulbectomy and, to a less degree, anosmia seemed to affect predominantly the low-drinking animals. Chronic treatment with antidepressants amitriptyline (20 mg/kg), trazodone (20 mg/kg), and imipramine (10 mg/kg), did not change alcohol consumption in sham-operated C57Bl/6j mice. In anosmic mice antidepressants decreased alcohol preference, but only amitryptyline also decreased alcohol consumption. All antidepressants decreased both alcohol consumption and preference in bulbectomized C57Bl/6j mice. In DBA/2j mice antidepressant treatment either increased, or did not alter alcohol consumption and preference in all groups, though the effects varied among individual antidepressants. The possible connection between the bulbectomy-induced behavioral syndrome and elevated ethanol consumption in C57Bl/6j mice is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Katkov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region
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McLaughlin RJ, McClanahan KK, Holcomb JD, Gibbins AD, Smith QW, Vlasak JW, Kingery PM. Reducing substance abuse risk factors among children through a teacher as facilitator program. JOURNAL OF DRUG EDUCATION 1993; 23:137-150. [PMID: 8340836 DOI: 10.2190/vcdd-2bdp-y39y-vw8c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A Teachers as Facilitators (TAF) Program used classroom teachers as leaders of small groups that promoted social, emotional, and academic development of children at high risk of adopting potentially destructive substance abuse patterns. The program was intended to increase participating students' positive socialization experiences and academic achievement by successfully integrating these students into the school's social system. A longer-range goal was to increase students' sense of worth as it affects their attitudes toward relationships with other people and academic demands. Program results were: 1) school personnel were found capable of accurately identifying and referring to the TAF Program children who were at risk of substance usage and in need of assistance; 2) the TAF Program was effective in improving at-risk students' perceived academic self-concept, but was less effective in increasing students' perceived sense of social support; and 3) the program was endorsed by participating teachers, counselors, and administrators.
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Workman M, Beer J. Aggression, alcohol dependency, and self-consciousness among high school students of divorced and nondivorced parents. Psychol Rep 1992; 71:279-86. [PMID: 1529069 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.1992.71.1.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
134 high school students from a small high school in north central Kansas completed the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale, Fenigstein, et al.'s Self-consciousness Scale, and Zaks' Aggression Scale. Analyses of variance showed significant differences between boys and girls but not among grades. On the aggression and alcohol measures boys scored higher than girls, but lower on public self-consciousness. Youth of divorced parents scored significantly higher than those of nondivorced parents on aggression, private self-consciousness, and general self-consciousness. Aggression scores were significantly and positively correlated with those on the alcohol and private self-consciousness scales. When students' alcoholism scores indicate problems with alcohol, their scores on aggression indicate greater aggression and their private self-consciousness scores indicate sensitivity toward events in their environment, then having concerns about inner self can inhibit the action required for change. MacAndrew scores correlated significantly and negatively with scores on social anxiety about self-consciousness. When MacAndrew scores indicated problems with alcohol, the students' scores on social anxiety about self-consciousness suggested confidence in social settings, being at ease interacting with people. The present study involved students from a single rural district so increased understanding will require more extensive research if strategies for prevention and intervention are to be developed and utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Workman
- North Central Kansas Special Educational Coop
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Workman M, Beer J. Depression, suicide ideation, and aggression among high school students whose parents are divorced and use alcohol at home. Psychol Rep 1992; 70:503-11. [PMID: 1598369 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.1992.70.2.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
106 high school students from a small rural high school completed the Children of Alcoholics Scale, Zaks and Walters' Aggression Scale, Beck Depression Scale, and a modified version of the Beck Scale of Suicide Ideation. Analyses of variance showed boys were not experiencing suicide ideation any more than girls; suicide ideation was similar across the four grades, but on aggression alcohol-dependent boys scored significantly higher than girls, and in Grade 9 boys' scores were significantly higher than those in Grade 10. The sophomores' scores on alcohol dependency were significantly lower than the freshmen's scores. Boys and children from divorced homes had higher scores on aggression than girls and children from nondivorced homes. Children from homes in which alcohol was used had higher depression scores than children from nonalcoholic homes. Freshman girls and sophomore boys had higher depression scores than senior boys and girls. A Pearson r of 0.28 between scores on alcohol dependency and suicide ideation was significant, but research is needed to understand better the associations of thoughts of suicide and drug-alcohol dependency among these high school students so strategies for prevention and intervention can be focused.
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Workman M, Beer J. Relationship between alcohol dependency and suicide ideation among high school students. Psychol Rep 1990; 66:1363-6. [PMID: 2385725 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.1990.66.3c.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
126 high school students completed the MacAndrew Alcohol Scale and a modified version of the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. Analyses of variance (2 x 4) showed boys were not experiencing suicide ideation any more than girls; suicide ideation was similar across the four grades, but on alcohol-dependency boys scored significantly higher than girls and scores for Grade 9 were significantly higher than those for Grade 10. The sophomores' scores on alcohol dependency were significantly lower than the freshmen's scores. One Pearson r of 0.28 between alcohol dependency and suicide ideation was significant but research must explore better the associations of thoughts of suicide and drug/alcohol dependency among high school students so strategies may focus upon prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Workman
- United School District Number 392, Osborne, Kansas
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WORKMAN MICHAEL. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALCOHOL DEPENDENCY AND SUICIDE IDEATION AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS. Psychol Rep 1990. [DOI: 10.2466/pr0.66.3.1363-1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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