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Dey S, Nath S, Alam Ansari T, Biswas A, Barman F, Mukherjee S, Gopal G, Bhattacharyya A, Mukherjee A, Kundu R, Paul S. Application of green synthesized bimetallic nZVI-Cu nanoparticle as a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers to enhance growth and photosynthetic efficiency of rice seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107837. [PMID: 37331074 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Application of nanomaterials in agriculture has been extensively explored over the past decade leading to a wide ambit of nanoparticle-based agrochemicals. Metallic nanoparticles consisting of plant macro- and micro-nutrients have been used as nutritional supplements for plants through soil amendments, foliar sprays, or seed treatment. However, most of these studies emphasize monometallic nanoparticles which limit the range of usage and effectivity of such nanoparticles (NPs). Hence, we have employed a bimetallic nanoparticle (BNP) consisting of two different micro-nutrients (Cu & Fe) in rice plants to test its efficacy in terms of growth and photosynthesis. Several experiments were designed to assess growth (root-shoot length, relative water content) and photosynthetic parameters (pigment content, relative expression of rbcS, rbcL & ChlGetc.). To determine whether the treatment induced any oxidative stress or structural anomalies within the plant cells, histochemical staining, anti-oxidant enzyme activities, FTIR, and SEM micrographs were undertaken. Results indicated that foliar application of 5 mg L-1 BNP increased vigor and photosynthetic efficiency whereas 10 mg L-1 concentration induced oxidative stress to some extent. Furthermore, the BNP treatment did not perturb the structural integrity of the exposed plant parts and also did not induce any cytotoxicity. Application of BNPs in agriculture has not been explored extensively to date and this study is one of the first reports that not only documents the effectivity of Cu-Fe BNP but also critically explores the safety of its usage on rice plants making it a useful lead to design new BNPs and explore their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnali Dey
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Shreya Nath
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University (2nd Campus), Action Area-ID, New Town, Kolkata, 700156, India
| | - Tauhid Alam Ansari
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University (2nd Campus), Action Area-ID, New Town, Kolkata, 700156, India
| | - Ankita Biswas
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Falguni Barman
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Saikat Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Geetha Gopal
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Arindam Bhattacharyya
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Rita Kundu
- Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Subhabrata Paul
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University (2nd Campus), Action Area-ID, New Town, Kolkata, 700156, India.
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Xu Y, Wang Z, Dong W, Chou J. Predicting the Potential Impact of Emergency on Global Grain Security: A Case of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict. Foods 2023; 12:2557. [PMID: 37444295 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Global emergencies have a profound impact on exacerbating food insecurity, and the protracted Russia-Ukraine conflict has emerged as a significant driver of a global food crisis. Accurately quantifying the impact of this conflict is crucial for achieving sustainable development goals. The multi-indicator comprehensive evaluation approach was used to construct a grain security composite index (GSCI). Moreover, econometric model was used to predict the potential impacts of the conflict on global grain security in 2030 under two scenarios: with and without the "Russia-Ukraine conflict". The results conclude that global food prices reached unprecedented levels as a consequence of the conflict, leading to notable fluctuations in food prices, especially with a significant surge in wheat prices. The conflict had a negative impact on global grain security, resulting in a decline in grain security from 0.538 to 0.419. Predictions indicate that the influence of the conflict on global grain security will be substantially greater compared to the scenario without the conflict in 2023-2030, ranging from 0.033 to 0.13. Furthermore, grain security will first decrease and then increase under the sustained consequences of the conflict. The achievement of the 2030 sustainable development goals will encounter significant challenges in light of these circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, MOE, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Institute of Disaster Risk Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhongxiu Wang
- Chinese Academy of Fiscal Sciences, Beijing 100142, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Alliance of International Science Organizations, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenjie Dong
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jieming Chou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, MOE, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Institute of Disaster Risk Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Roorkiwal M, Bhandari A, Barmukh R, Bajaj P, Valluri VK, Chitikineni A, Pandey S, Chellapilla B, Siddique KHM, Varshney RK. Genome-wide association mapping of nutritional traits for designing superior chickpea varieties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:843911. [PMID: 36082300 PMCID: PMC9445663 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.843911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition is a serious concern in many parts of the world; therefore, enhancing crop nutrient content is an important challenge. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), a major food legume crop worldwide, is a vital source of protein and minerals in the vegetarian diet. This study evaluated a diverse set of 258 chickpea germplasm accessions for 12 key nutritional traits. A significant variation was observed for several nutritional traits, including crude protein (16.56-24.64/100 g), β-Carotene (0.003-0.104 mg/100 g), calcium (60.69-176.55 mg/100 g), and folate (0.413-6.537 mg/kg). These data, combined with the available whole-genome sequencing data for 318,644 SNPs, were used in genome-wide association studies comprising single-locus and multi-locus models. We also explored the effect of varying the minor allele frequency (MAF) levels and heterozygosity. We identified 62 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) explaining up to 28.63% of the phenotypic variance (PV), of which nine were localized within genes regulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, proteasome assembly, intracellular signal transduction, and oxidation-reduction process, among others. The significant effect MTAs were located primarily on Ca1, Ca3, Ca4, and Ca6. Importantly, varying the level of heterozygosity was found to significantly affect the detection of associations contributing to traits of interest. We further identified seven promising accessions (ICC10399, ICC1392, ICC1710, ICC2263, ICC1431, ICC4182, and ICC16915) with superior agronomic performance and high nutritional content as potential donors for developing nutrient-rich, high-yielding chickpea varieties. Validation of the significant MTAs with higher PV could identify factors controlling the nutrient acquisition and facilitate the design of biofortified chickpeas for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Roorkiwal
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (KCGEB), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aditi Bhandari
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rutwik Barmukh
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Prasad Bajaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Valluri
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Annapurna Chitikineni
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Sarita Pandey
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Bharadwaj Chellapilla
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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Srungarapu R, Mahendrakar MD, Mohammad LA, Chand U, Jagarlamudi VR, Kondamudi KP, Kudapa H, Samineni S. Genome-Wide Association Analysis Reveals Trait-Linked Markers for Grain Nutrient and Agronomic Traits in Diverse Set of Chickpea Germplasm. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152457. [PMID: 35954301 PMCID: PMC9367858 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chickpea is an inexpensive source of protein, minerals, and vitamins to the poor people living in arid and semi-arid regions of Southern Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. New chickpea cultivars with enhanced levels of protein, Fe and Zn content are a medium-term strategy for supplying essential nutrients for human health and reducing malnutrition. In the current study, a chickpea reference set of 280 accessions, including landraces, breeding lines, and advanced cultivars, was evaluated for grain protein, Fe, Zn content and agronomic traits over two seasons. Using a mid-density 5k SNP array, 4603 highly informative SNPs distributed across the chickpea genome were used for GWAS analysis. Population structure analysis revealed three subpopulations (K = 3). Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was extensive, and LD decay was relatively low. A total of 20 and 46 marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified for grain nutrient and agronomic traits, respectively, using FarmCPU and BLINK models. Of which seven SNPs for grain protein, twelve for Fe, and one for Zn content were distributed on chromosomes 1, 4, 6, and 7. The marker S4_4477846 on chr4 was found to be co-associated with grain protein over seasons. The markers S1_11613376 and S1_2772537 co-associated with grain Fe content under NSII and pooled seasons and S7_9379786 marker under NSI and pooled seasons. The markers S4_31996956 co-associated with grain Fe and days to maturity. SNP annotation of associated markers were found to be related to gene functions of metal ion binding, transporters, protein kinases, transcription factors, and many more functions involved in plant metabolism along with Fe and protein homeostasis. The identified significant MTAs has potential use in marker-assisted selection for developing nutrient-rich chickpea cultivars after validation in the breeding populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekhar Srungarapu
- Accelerated Crop Improvement, Chickpea Breeding, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502324, India
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur 522034, India
| | - Mahesh Damodhar Mahendrakar
- Accelerated Crop Improvement, Chickpea Breeding, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502324, India
| | - Lal Ahamed Mohammad
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur 522034, India
| | - Uttam Chand
- Accelerated Crop Improvement, Chickpea Breeding, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502324, India
| | - Venkata Ramana Jagarlamudi
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur 522034, India
| | - Kiran Prakash Kondamudi
- Department of Statistics and Computer Applications, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur 522034, India
| | - Himabindu Kudapa
- Genomics, Pre-Breeding and Bioinformatics, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502324, India
| | - Srinivasan Samineni
- Accelerated Crop Improvement, Chickpea Breeding, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru 502324, India
- Correspondence:
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Storhaug IG, Lane C, Moore N, Engelbert M, Sparling TM, Snilstveit B. Making the most of existing research: an evidence gap map of the effects of food systems interventions in low-income and middle-income countries. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e055062. [PMID: 35732381 PMCID: PMC9226932 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify and describe the available evidence on the effects food systems interventions on food security and nutrition outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries. METHODS An adapted version of the high-level panel of experts food systems framework defined the interventions and outcomes included studies. Included study designs were experimental and quasi-experimental quantitative impact evaluations and systematic reviews. Following standards for evidence gap maps developed by 3ie, a systematic search of 17 academic databases and 31 sector-specific repositories in May 2020 identified articles for inclusion. Trained consultants screened titles/abstracts, then full texts of identified articles. Studies meeting eligibility criteria had meta-data systematically extracted and were descriptively analysed. Systematic reviews were critically appraised. RESULTS The map includes 1838 impact evaluations and 178 systematic reviews. The most common interventions, with over 100 impact evaluations and 20 systematic reviews each, were: provision of supplements, fortification, nutrition classes, direct provision of foods and peer support/counselling. Few studies addressed national-level interventions or women's empowerment. The most common final outcomes were: anthropometry, micronutrient status, and diet quality and adequacy. Intermediate outcomes were less studied.Most evaluations were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa (33%) or South Asia (20%). Many studies occurred in lower-middle-income countries (43%); few (7%) were in fragile countries. Among studies in a specific age group, infants were most frequently included (19%); 14% of these also considered mothers.Few evaluations considered qualitative or cost analysis; 75% used randomisation as the main identification strategy. DISCUSSION The uneven distribution of research means that some interventions have established impacts while other interventions, often affecting large populations, are underevaluated. Areas for future research include the evaluation of national level policies, evaluation of efforts to support women's empowerment within the food system, and the synthesis of dietary quality. Quasi-experimental approaches should be adopted to evaluate difficult to randomise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlotte Lane
- International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Nick Moore
- International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, London, UK
- Integrity, London, UK
| | - Mark Engelbert
- International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, London, UK
| | - Thalia Morrow Sparling
- Innovative Methods and Metrics for Agriculture and Nutrition Actions (IMMANA), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London, UK
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Food Systems Development: The Necessary Paradigm Shift for a Healthy and Sustainable Agrarian Transition, a Case Study from Bougainville, Papua New Guinea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084651. [PMID: 35457529 PMCID: PMC9029559 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Classical agricultural development paradigms prioritise basic requirements such as agronomic, caloric and economic needs for the target environment and for beneficiaries. As challenges associated with climate change, globalisation, and population growth compound and amplify one another, project scope must be broadened to take a holistic food systems approach that includes sociocultural and historical contexts, as well as climate impacts as underpinning project design. In this paper, we illustrate the importance of adopting a food systems development paradigm rather than a classical agricultural development paradigm through a case study in Bougainville, Papua New Guinea. The case uses Rich Picturing, targeted and focus-group interviews, and garden visits in remote Bougainville; it provides a poignant illustration of the importance of this more holistic perspective given the historical inefficacy of food systems development, as well as Papua New Guinea's exposure to a plethora of compounding environmental, social, economic, and political stresses and shocks that demonstrate the important linkages between ecosystem services and health. The study aims to demonstrate how including localised gender dynamics, climate vulnerability, rapidly morphing social norms, and climate analogue environments is critical in building food systems resilience and is key to designing policies, programs, and development projects that more effectively address environmental, sociocultural, and health considerations. Building on the inadequacies in agricultural development efforts previously documented for Papua New Guinea, we propose an improved framing for food systems development and identify areas for future research.
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Liu M, Linna C, Ma S, Ma Q, Guo J, Wang F, Wang L. Effects of Biochar With Inorganic and Organic Fertilizers on Agronomic Traits and Nutrient Absorption of Soybean and Fertility and Microbes in Purple Soil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:871021. [PMID: 35401604 PMCID: PMC8990733 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.871021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a kind of organic matter that can be added into the soil as a soil amendment to improve its quality. What are the effects of using biochar on purple soil and soybeans? Can the use of biochar reduce the use of fertilizers? This is our concern. Therefore, we carried out this study. The objectives of our study were to evaluate the effects of biochar, inorganic and organic fertilizer application on plant growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic gas exchange, and yield of soybean as well as fertility and microbial community in purple soil, and to appraise the possible reduction rate of inorganic fertilizer under the biochar application. A pot experiment was conducted with three levels of biochar, two levels of inorganic fertilizer, and two levels of organic fertilizer in a randomized complete block. The results indicated that the low rate of biochar together with half rate of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer increased the plant growth of soybean. Meanwhile, the chlorophyll content, root growth, and yield of soybean were increased by 16.61, 197.73, and 96.7%, respectively, with biochar compared with no biochar. The high rate of biochar with half rate of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer can promote the exchange of photosynthetic gas in soybean, and the photosynthetic rate increased by 45.25% compared with the blank control. At the full pod stage, the nitrogen content, phosphorus content, and potassium content of the whole plant under the high rate of biochar were 28.35, 13.65, and 28.78%, respectively, higher than that of the blank control. The application of biochar increased nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake of soybean. The high rate of biochar with half rate of inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer can improve soil nutrient content and soil microbial community. Compared with no biochar treatments, total organic carbon (TOC) increased by 740.28%, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) increased by 54.17%. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) increased by 65.22%, and all kinds of soil microorganisms increased to varying degrees. In conclusion, the application of biochar can reduce the use of organic and inorganic fertilizers, improve the agronomic traits and yield of soybean, and play a positive role in soil nutrients and soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Longchang Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Are You Happy to Be a Farmer? Understanding Indicators Related to Agricultural Production and Influencing Factors: GAP-Şanlıurfa, Turkey. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132212663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, agricultural production areas and farmer numbers have been decreasing in Turkey, which has started to cause concern. This study aimed to analyze the satisfaction levels of farmers in different irrigation areas in the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP)-Şanlıurfa region, based on indicators related to agricultural production and influencing factors. The data were obtained through face-to-face surveys with farmers in 2020 and analyzed by logistic regression in STATA. According to the results, 43.3% of the farmers are happy to be farmers in the current situation, and 35.6% want their children to continue farming activities. It was determined that the area of irrigation, education level, income, and farming experience were statistically significant at different rates in terms of the happiness of the farmers. On the other hand, livestock, number of households, and land size were not statistically significant. While 27.5% of the participants were fully satisfied with the given public support, 15.7% were satisfied with the market selling prices of their products, and 43.5% stated that effective organizations are needed to live well. To ensure agricultural sustainability in the research area, there is a need for more agricultural support, effective extension services, and the development of rural tourism with the participation of the public and private sectors. This study was the first of its kind to be conducted in Turkey.
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Coleman RA, Fulford MD. Socioeconomic Status and Individual Personal Responsibility Beliefs Towards Food Access. FOOD ETHICS 2021; 7:1. [PMID: 34722856 PMCID: PMC8542496 DOI: 10.1007/s41055-021-00096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite worldwide attention given to food access, very little progress has been made under the current model. Recognizing that individual engagement is likely based on individual experiences and perceptions, this research study investigated whether or not a correlation exists between one's socioeconomic status (SES) and perceived personal responsibility for food access. Discussion of results and implications provide fresh insight into the ongoing global debate surrounding food access. Outcomes also provide insight into willing and able participants and point to least-cost solutions which may be better suited to implement and initiate change. Results indicate that the issue of food access is more complex than simply lobbying for better decision-making among individuals and populations, highlighting the importance of unit of analysis considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Coleman
- College of Business, University of Findlay, 1000 N. Main St, Findlay, OH 45840 USA
| | - Mark D. Fulford
- School of Business, Economics, and Technology, Campbellsville University, 1 University Drive, Campbellsville, KY 42718 USA
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Cusworth G, Garnett T, Lorimer J. Legume dreams: The contested futures of sustainable plant-based food systems in Europe. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE : HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS 2021; 69:102321. [PMID: 34471332 PMCID: PMC8381765 DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
With the intensification of agriculture, the simplification of crop rotations, and the rise in demand for meat, dairy and cereal products, legume production and consumption are at an historic low in Europe. But as the environmental consequences of agriculture (biodiversity loss, high greenhouse gas emissions, water pollution) and the health outcomes of modern diets (heart disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity) become better known, so great and varied hopes are being expressed about the future role of legumes in the food system. This paper catalogues and scrutinises these hopes, mapping the promissory narratives now orbiting around legumes. It identifies six food futures, each of which is made possible through the greater use of legumes in various production, processing, marketing and consumption contexts. These promissory narratives are theorised as contrasting responses to three major areas of contestation in the food systems literature. Namely i) the sustainability of livestock management, ii) the role of technology in different visions of the 'good diet', and iii) the merits of different models for how to make agricultural management more sustainable. It identifies the promiscuity of legumes - in terms of the range of food futures they permit - before distilling three points of consensus amongst advocates of the potential of legumes. These points of consensus relate to their nitrogen fixing capacity, their high protein content, and their long-standing historical role in the context of European food and farming. This map of legume dreams serves to guide deliberations amongst researchers, policymakers and industry stakeholders about the futures of plant-based food in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Cusworth
- Oxford Martin Programme on the Future of Food, c/o Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, 34 Broad Street, Oxford OX1 3BD, UK
| | - Tara Garnett
- Oxford Martin Programme on the Future of Food, c/o Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, 34 Broad Street, Oxford OX1 3BD, UK
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Roorkiwal M, Pandey S, Thavarajah D, Hemalatha R, Varshney RK. Molecular Mechanisms and Biochemical Pathways for Micronutrient Acquisition and Storage in Legumes to Support Biofortification for Nutritional Security. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:682842. [PMID: 34163513 PMCID: PMC8215609 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.682842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The world faces a grave situation of nutrient deficiency as a consequence of increased uptake of calorie-rich food that threaten nutritional security. More than half the world's population is affected by different forms of malnutrition. Unhealthy diets associated with poor nutrition carry a significant risk of developing non-communicable diseases, leading to a high mortality rate. Although considerable efforts have been made in agriculture to increase nutrient content in cereals, the successes are insufficient. The number of people affected by different forms of malnutrition has not decreased much in the recent past. While legumes are an integral part of the food system and widely grown in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, only limited efforts have been made to increase their nutrient content in these regions. Genetic variation for a majority of nutritional traits that ensure nutritional security in adverse conditions exists in the germplasm pool of legume crops. This diversity can be utilized by selective breeding for increased nutrients in seeds. The targeted identification of precise factors related to nutritional traits and their utilization in a breeding program can help mitigate malnutrition. The principal objective of this review is to present the molecular mechanisms of nutrient acquisition, transport and metabolism to support a biofortification strategy in legume crops to contribute to addressing malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Roorkiwal
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sarita Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dil Thavarajah
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - R. Hemalatha
- ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Rajeev K. Varshney, ;
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Otekunrin OA, Otekunrin OA. Healthy and Sustainable Diets: Implications for Achieving SDG2. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE UN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 2021:1-17. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69626-3_123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
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13
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Reshma H, Jayalakshmi R. Prevalence of Acute Pesticide Poisoning among Pesticide Applicators in Cardamom Plantations: A Cross-Sectional Study from Idukki District, Kerala. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2020; 24:188-193. [PMID: 33746434 PMCID: PMC7962513 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_72_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pesticide poisoning is a burning occupational health issue across the world. The pesticide use in the cardamom plantations of Idukki district, Kerala, India is one of the world's highest. However, limited studies addressed its ill effects on the health of pesticide applicators. Aims To assess the magnitude of acute pesticide poisoning (APP) among pesticide applicators and understand the nature of severity based on their occupational characteristics. Settings and Design A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. A total of 300 pesticide applicators with minimum 1-year experience (79.3% males) were selected from 30 randomly selected cardamom plantations in Udumbanchola Taluk. Methods WHO Field Surveys of Exposure to Pesticides Standard Protocol and Murphy's method of Farmer Self-Surveillance system of pesticide poisoning were used for assessing pesticide exposure and APP, respectively. Statistical analysis used: Descriptive (frequencies) and exploratory statistical analyses (Pearson's Chi-square test) were done using IBM SPSS 23.0. Results The prevalence of APP in this study was 100% as all the pesticide applicators reported at least one sign and/or symptom of APP. The mild APP was more prevalent (80.7%), followed by moderate (18.7) and severe (0.60). Decrease in duration and frequency of spraying, use of motor pump sprayer, safe storage and disposal of pesticides, and proper personal hygiene were found to reduce the severity of APP. Conclusion All the pesticide applicators in cardamom plantations of Idukki are at risk of APP. It is important to train them about the measures to prevent the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikumar Reshma
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Rajeev Jayalakshmi
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
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14
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Coutinho JG, Delmuè DCC, Recine E. Better nutrition, better lives: Countries' positioning to fight all forms of malnutrition. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2020; 44:e126. [PMID: 33165401 PMCID: PMC7603355 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2020.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify how countries have positioned themselves to fight against all forms of malnutrition. Methods Qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study of the statements of 91 out of the 127 (71.7%) countries that issued declarations in the Second International Conference on Nutrition. Results According to the analysis of the official statements from the Conference, countries still responded to nutrition issues in a traditional way. Food systems were part of the narrative and mentioned as part of the problem and solution, but little thought was given to their determinants. Conclusions The Decade of Action on Nutrition is spurred on by the urgent need to coordinate global endeavors in the fight against malnutrition and could aggregate efforts in prioritizing actions to address the determinants rather than the biological outcomes of malnutrition-which requires commitments-; and strengthening the countries' ability to implement robust regulatory measures. These measures could be empowered through efforts across different levels, making use of multilateral spaces, and through strengthening civil society participation, including developing better mechanisms for the recognition and control of conflicts of interest across different political spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisabetta Recine
- University of Brasilia Brasília Brazil University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
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15
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Wesana J, Gellynck X, Dora MK, Muyama L, Mutenyo E, Elizabeth A, Kagambe E, De Steur H. Labeling Nutrition-Sensitive Food Chains: A Consumer Preference Analysis of Milk Products. Front Nutr 2020; 7:158. [PMID: 33043039 PMCID: PMC7522577 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
While nutrition-sensitive value-chain approaches are strongly advocated, studies on consumer preferences for such interventions are lacking. This study aims to fill this gap by examining a nutrition-sensitive chain labeling scheme, using the Ugandan dairy sector as a case. A survey was conducted among 250 consumers, primarily eliciting perceptions of the importance of a nutrition-sensitive chain label compared to nutrition claims/facts. In addition, a choice-based conjoint experiment was designed with nutrition label, brand, fat content, and price as attributes. Findings show that nutrition-sensitive chain labeling was more positively perceived by consumers than by nutrition claims/facts. Ordered logistic regression analysis indicated that BMI, nutrition knowledge, and label use influenced consumers' perceived importance of a nutrition-sensitive chain label relative to sex, age, children, and milk purchase frequency for nutrition claims/facts. This is confirmed by the higher utilities for the nutrition-sensitive chain label in our conjoint experiment. Future research should focus on the integration of nutrition-sensitive chain labeling with existing labels in a way that promotes candid interpretation by consumers. Industrial and policy actors in the agri-food sector can use these findings to innovate and regulate appropriate labeling schemes in the context of nutrition-sensitive value chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Wesana
- Food and Markets Department, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Xavier Gellynck
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Biosciences Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manoj K Dora
- College of Business, Arts & Social Sciences, Brunel Business School, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Muyama
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Biosciences Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emma Mutenyo
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Biosciences Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ahikiriza Elizabeth
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Biosciences Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Edmond Kagambe
- School of Education, Mountains of the Moon University, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Hans De Steur
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Biosciences Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Comparative Evaluation of the Nutritive, Mineral, and Antinutritive Composition of Musa sinensis L. (Banana) and Musa paradisiaca L. (Plantain) Fruit Compartments. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8120598. [PMID: 31842474 PMCID: PMC6963461 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Banana and plantain contribute significantly to food security and amelioration of malnutrition, earning their status as staples in several localities of tropical and sub-tropical regions. The distribution of metabolites within the various parts also remains as a key essential to their nutritive and therapeutic potential. This study was aimed at evaluating the nutritional and mineral composition of the flesh, peel, and peel extract components of Musa sinensis L. and Musa paradisiaca L. fruits as well as their nutritional and therapeutic potentials. Proximate and antinutritional analyses were carried out using standard analytical methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), while the mineral constituents were evaluated using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Proximate analysis revealed that the flesh and peel of M. sinensis L. and M. paradisiaca L. contain substantial amounts of moisture, fiber, carbohydrates, and low fat content, while minerals K, Mg, Ca, Na, P, and N were substantially concentrated in the peels and peel extracts in particular. The antinutrients alkaloid, oxalate, saponin, and phytate were detected in safe amounts according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The study points out that the peel and its derivative extract, as well as the flesh of M. sinensis L. and M. paradisiaca L. are to be put to more relevant human nutritional and therapeutic use.
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17
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Yang X, Qi LS, Jaramillo A, Cheng ZM(M. Biodesign Research to Advance the Principles and Applications of Biosystems Design. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2019; 2019:9680853. [PMID: 37850090 PMCID: PMC10530645 DOI: 10.34133/2019/9680853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences Division
,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
,
Oak Ridge
,
TN 37831
,
USA
- The Center for Bioenergy Innovation
,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
,
Oak Ridge
,
TN 37831
,
USA
| | - Lei S. Qi
- Department of Bioengineering
,
Stanford University
,
Stanford
,
CA 94305
,
USA
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology
,
Stanford University
,
Stanford
,
CA 94305
,
USA
- Stanford ChEM-H
,
Stanford University
,
Stanford
,
CA 94305
,
USA
| | - Alfonso Jaramillo
- Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre (WISB) and School of Life Sciences
,
University of Warwick
,
CV4 7AL Coventry
,
UK
- ISSB
,
CNRS
,
Univ Evry
,
CEA
,
Université Paris-Saclay
,
91025 Evry
,
France
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio)
,
University of Valencia-CSIC
,
46980 Paterna
,
Spain
| | - Zong-Ming (Max) Cheng
- Department of Plant Sciences
,
University of Tennessee
,
Knoxville
,
TN 37996
,
USA
- Nanjing Agricultural University
,
Nanjing
,
Jiangsu Province
,
China
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18
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Samoggia A, Bertazzoli A, Ruggeri A. European Rural Development Policy Approaching Health Issues: An Exploration of Programming Schemes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2973. [PMID: 31426621 PMCID: PMC6720636 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition, obesity, type 2 diabetes, micronutrient deficiencies, and the increase in non-communicable diseases are among the future European key challenges in health and welfare. Agriculture and rural development policies can positively contribute to a healthier and nutritious supply of food. The objective of the research is to analyze to what extent European 2007-2013 and 2014-2020 rural development programmes address the nexus between agriculture, food, health, and nutrition to respond to the evolving dietary needs. The research carries out a quali-quantitative content analysis on all 210 European rural development programmes. Results show that the interconnection between agriculture, food, health, and nutrition is present, with differences in the European agricultural and rural policy programming periods. The main interlinking issues of the nexus are food safety, food quality, diseases, nutritional aspect, animal health and welfare, plant health, and environmental health. Healthier and nutritious food-related issues are emerging, addressing dietary needs, and sustaining consumer food trends. Healthy and nutritious food is pursued by combating foodborne communicable diseases and non-communicable diseases. The future Common Agricultural Policy, including its rural dimensions, should support the consumption of healthy foods produced in ways that are environmentally and economically sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Samoggia
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Aldo Bertazzoli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Arianna Ruggeri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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19
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Baye K, Hirvonen K, Dereje M, Remans R. Energy and nutrient production in Ethiopia, 2011-2015: Implications to supporting healthy diets and food systems. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213182. [PMID: 30861012 PMCID: PMC6413914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural sector plays a key role towards achieving healthier diets that are deemed critical for improving health and nutritional outcomes. To what extent the current food supply systems support healthy diets remains unknown. Using annual and nationally representative data on crop and livestock production in Ethiopia, we assess the national agricultural sector from a nutrition lens and its role in supporting healthy diets in the country. We do so by converting the agricultural production into energy and nutrients for the period of 2011–2015. These data show that the national food production has increased dramatically over the 5-year period to supply more than 3,000 calories per capita in 2015. Moreover, nutrient production gaps have substantially decreased (2011–15), but deficits in energy (5%), vitamin C (16%), and calcium (9%) production remained in 2015. However, this production growth–coming primarily from the cereal sector and at the expense of other food groups–led to a decrease in production diversity as reflected by a drop in the Shannon index between 2011 and 2015. Together these findings imply that the production increases in Ethiopia would need to be sustained to feed the rapidly growing population but more emphasis should be given to diversification to support healthy and nutritionally diversified diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleab Baye
- Center for Food Science and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Bioversity International, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kalle Hirvonen
- Development Strategy and Governance Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Mekdim Dereje
- Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Roseline Remans
- Bioversity International, Heverlee, Belgium
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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20
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Thow AM, Greenberg S, Hara M, Friel S, duToit A, Sanders D. Improving policy coherence for food security and nutrition in South Africa: a qualitative policy analysis. Food Secur 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-018-0813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Higher agrobiodiversity is associated with improved dietary diversity, but not child anthropometric status, of Mayan Achí people of Guatemala. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:2128-2141. [PMID: 29611490 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018000617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Child undernutrition remains one of the greatest challenges for public health nutrition in rural areas in developing countries. Interventions aiming to increase and conserve agrobiodiversity seem to be promising alternatives to improve child nutrition. However, the existing literature on these interventions is not conclusive about their effectiveness in combating child undernutrition. We tested the hypothesis that 'higher agrobiodiversity is associated with greater dietary diversity and better anthropometric status' in rural Guatemala.Design/Setting/SubjectsIn the summer of 2016, we conducted a cross-sectional study with a sample of 154 children (6-60 months). We conducted dietary recalls and structured interviews, measured children's weight and height, and visited food production systems (Milpas, home gardens, coffee plantations). Crop species richness, nutritional functional diversity, dietary diversity scores and anthropometric status were calculated. RESULTS Higher food self-sufficiency, nutritional functional diversity and dietary diversity scores were positively correlated with higher crop and animal species richness. Contrarily, remoteness to the local market was negatively correlated with dietary diversity scores. However, higher dietary diversity scores were not correlated with better child anthropometric status. Better child anthropometric status was positively correlated with improved sanitary conditions and maternal education; and negatively correlated with large household size and frequent child morbidity. CONCLUSIONS Agricultural diversification could diversify diets, increase nutrient availability and improve child anthropometry. However, these interventions need to be accompanied by sanitation improvements, family planning, nutritional education and women's empowerment to strengthen their positive effect on diet and nutrition.
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22
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Araújo MLD, Mendonça RDD, Lopes Filho JD, Lopes ACS. Association between food insecurity and food intake. Nutrition 2018; 54:54-59. [PMID: 29775834 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to identify the prevalence of food insecurity and to ascertain the association between food insecurity and food intake. METHOD A cross-sectional survey. SETTING The study included users of a primary healthcare service in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from 2013 to 2014. Socioeconomic, health, and food intake data were gathered using a questionnaire and the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. SUBJECTS Individuals 20 years old or older (n = 2817). RESULTS The prevalence of food insecurity among families with individuals under 18 years was 41.0%, and 26.4% in other households. After adjusting for potential confounders, the households in food insecurity with members under 18 years old, the consumption of fruits and vegetables (RP = 0.70, 95%IC: 0.58-0.84), and fruits (RP = 0.74, 95%IC: 0.59-0.93) was lower; and consumption of beans was higher (RP = 1.49, 95%IC: 1.06-2.09) compared to those with food security. In households without members under 18 years old, the consumption of fruits and vegetables (RP = 0.68, 95%IC: 0.58-0.79), fruits (RP = 0.61, 95%IC: 0.50-0.74), and beans (RP = 0.78, 95%IC: 0.63-0.97) was lower; and the consumption of tubers (RP = 1.36, 95%IC: 1.03-1.79) was higher. However, the state of food insecurity did not affect the consumption of ultra-processed foods, independently of age, sex, marital status, educational level, and employed status. CONCLUSION Food insecurity negatively affected the fruit and vegetable consumption in both types of families tested. The consumption of beans was higher in households with children and adolescents, and the consumption of tubers was higher in households without children and adolescents. However, food insecurity did not change the intake of ultraprocessed foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Luciana de Araújo
- Program in Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Research Group on Nutrition Interventions, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Raquel de Deus Mendonça
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Research Group on Nutrition Interventions, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Abstract
Neotropical fruit species once dispersed by Pleistocene megafauna have regained relevance in diversifying human diets to address malnutrition. Little is known about the historic interactions between humans and these fruit species. We quantified the human role in modifying geographic and environmental ranges of Neotropical fruit species by comparing the distribution of megafauna-dispersed fruit species that have been part of both human and megafauna diets with fruit species that were exclusively part of megafauna diets. Three quarters of the fruit species that were once dispersed by megafauna later became part of human diets. Our results suggest that, because of extensive dispersal and management, humans have expanded the geographic and environmental ranges of species that would otherwise have suffered range contraction after extinction of megafauna. Our results suggest that humans have been the principal dispersal agent for a large proportion of Neotropical fruit species between Central and South America. Our analyses help to identify range segments that may hold key genetic diversity resulting from historic interactions between humans and these fruit species. These genetic resources are a fundamental source to improve and diversify contemporary food systems and to maintain critical ecosystem functions. Public, private, and societal initiatives that stimulate dietary diversity could expand the food usage of these megafauna-dispersed fruit species to enhance human nutrition in combination with biodiversity conservation.
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Thow AM, Karn S, Devkota MD, Rasheed S, Roy SK, Suleman Y, Hazir T, Patel A, Gaidhane A, Puri S, Godakandage S, Senarath U, Dibley MJ. Opportunities for strengthening infant and young child feeding policies in South Asia: Insights from the SAIFRN policy analysis project. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:404. [PMID: 28675135 PMCID: PMC5496015 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4336-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Asian countries experience some of the highest levels of child undernutrition in the world, strongly linked to poor infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices. Strong and responsive policy support is essential for effective interventions to improve IYCF. This study aimed to identify opportunities for strengthening the policy environment in the region to better support appropriate infant and young child feeding. METHODS We mapped policies relevant to infant and young child feeding in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal, based on a common matrix. The matrix described potentially relevant policies ranging from high-level strategic policy documents to implementation-level guidelines. We analyzed the data based on themes focused on caregiver interactions with IYCF interventions: provision of correct information to mothers, training of frontline workers, enabling mothers to engage with service providers and strategic support for IYCF. RESULTS Policy support for IYCF was present in relation to each of the themes assessed. In all countries, there was support for nutrition in National Development Plans, and all countries had some level of maternity protection and restrictions on marketing of breast milk substitutes. Sectoral and implementation-level policy documents contained provisions for system strengthening for IYCF and for training of frontline workers. CONCLUSIONS The key opportunities for strengthening IYCF policy support were in relation to translating strategic directives into implementation level documents; improving multi-sectoral support and coordination; and increased clarity regarding roles and responsibilities of frontline workers interacting with mothers. These findings can support efforts to strengthen IYCF policy at the national and regional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Thow
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Sumit Karn
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Madhu Dixit Devkota
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sabrina Rasheed
- Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S K Roy
- Bangladesh Breastfeeding Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yasmeen Suleman
- Health, Education and Literacy Program (HELP), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tabish Hazir
- Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health Research Network(MNCHRN), Islamabad, Pakistan
- Childrens Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Abhay Gaidhane
- Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India
| | - Seema Puri
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeeva Godakandage
- Family Health Bureau, Ministry of Health, Nutrition and Indigenous Medicine, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- South Asia Infant Feeding Research Network, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Upul Senarath
- South Asia Infant Feeding Research Network, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Michael J Dibley
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Gillespie S, van den Bold M. Agriculture, Food Systems, and Nutrition: Meeting the Challenge. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2017; 1:1600002. [PMID: 31565265 PMCID: PMC6607350 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.201600002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition is a global challenge with huge social and economic costs; nearly every country faces a public health challenge, whether from undernutrition, overweight/obesity, and/or micronutrient deficiencies. Malnutrition is a multisectoral, multi-level problem that results from the complex interplay between household and individual decision-making, agri-food, health, and environmental systems that determine access to services and resources, and related policy processes. This paper reviews the theory and recent qualitative evidence (particularly from 2010 to 2016) in the public health and nutrition literature, on the role that agriculture plays in improving nutrition, how food systems are changing rapidly due to globalization, trade liberalization, and urbanization, and the implications this has for nutrition globally. The paper ends by summarizing recommendations that emerge from this research related to (i) knowledge, evidence, and communications, (ii) politics, governance, and policy, and (iii) capacity, leadership, and financing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Gillespie
- International Food Policy Research Institute2033 K Street N.W.WashingtonDC20006USA
| | - Mara van den Bold
- International Food Policy Research Institute2033 K Street N.W.WashingtonDC20006USA
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26
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McDermott J, Wyatt AJ. The role of pulses in sustainable and healthy food systems. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1392:30-42. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John McDermott
- International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Washington DC
| | - Amanda J. Wyatt
- International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Washington DC
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27
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Roads to interdisciplinarity – working at the nexus among food systems, nutrition and health. Food Secur 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-017-0658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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28
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Agricultural interventions for improved nutrition: A review of livelihood and environmental dimensions. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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