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Evans MG, Campbell JC, Ribeiro GO, Henry DH, Waldner C, Penner GB. Effect of water sulfate and dietary bismuth subsalicylate on feed and water intake, ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentration, and trace-mineral status of growing beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae031. [PMID: 38300904 PMCID: PMC10889742 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In the Northern Great Plains, cattle may be exposed to water with an elevated sulfate concentration resulting in ruminal hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production and risk of copper deficiency. There are currently few strategies available to help mitigate effects arising from high-sulfate water (HS). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding a moderate-forage diet with or without bismuth subsalicylate (BSS; 0.0% vs. 0.4% DM basis) when provided water with a low- (LS; 346 ± 13) or HS (4,778 ± 263 mg/L) concentration on feed and water intake, ruminal H2S concentration, and liver and serum trace-mineral concentrations. Twenty-four Limousin × Simmental cross beef heifers (221 ± 41 kg) were stratified based on initial liver Cu into a completely randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement. Feed and water intake (measured weekly), ruminal H2S concentration (measured on days 42 and 91), liver (measured on days -13 and 91), and serum trace-mineral concentrations (measured on days 1, 28, 56, and 91) were evaluated. Initial liver trace-mineral concentrations were used as a covariate in the statistical model. Water intake tended to be reduced with the inclusion of BSS (P = 0.095) but was not affected by water sulfate (P = 0.40). Water sulfate and BSS did not affect dry matter intake (DMI; P ≥ 0.89). Heifers consuming HS had a ruminal H2S concentration that was 1.58 mg/L more (P < 0.001) than LS. The inclusion of BSS reduced (P = 0.035) ruminal H2S concentration by more than 44% (1.35 vs. 0.75 mg/L). Regardless of the water sulfate concentration, heifers fed BSS had lesser liver Cu concentration (average of 4.08 mg/kg) than heifers not provided BSS, and when not provided BSS, HS had lesser Cu than LS (42.2 vs. 58.3; sulfate × BSS, P = 0.019). The serum concentration of Cu did not differ over time for heifers not provided BSS; whereas, heifers provided BSS had lesser serum Cu concentration on day 91 than on days 28 and 55 (BSS × time, P < 0.001). The liver concentration of selenium was reduced (P < 0.001) with BSS inclusion but the selenium concentration in serum was not affected by sulfate, BSS, or time (P ≥ 0.16). BSS reduced ruminal H2S concentration, but depleted liver Cu and Se. Moreover, sulfate concentration in water did not appear to affect DMI, water intake, or growth, but increased ruminal H2S and reduced liver Cu concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela G Evans
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaS7N 5A8
| | - John C Campbell
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaS7N 5A8
| | - Gabriel O Ribeiro
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaS7N 5A8
| | | | - Cheryl Waldner
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaS7N 5A8
| | - Gregory B Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, CanadaS7N 5A8
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Pouzo LB, Ceconi I, Davies P, Méndez D, Ortiz Miranda SG, Testa ML, Pavan E. Animal performance and meat quality characteristics from feedlot-finished steers fed increasing levels of wet distillers grain. Meat Sci 2023; 204:109214. [PMID: 37285637 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One hundred forty-four steers were group-housed in 24 pens that were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments defined by the proportion of wet distiller grain plus solubles (WDGS; 0, 15, 30, or 45%) and fed for 84 d pre-slaughter. Animal performance was evaluated using the pen as the experimental unit. Whereas for carcass and meat quality characteristics, meat oxidative stability, and the consumer sensory quality of longissimus thoracis muscle one animal from each pen was randomly selected and used as the experimental unit. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed for subcutaneous fat thickness, rib eye area, marbling score or pH, color parameters, proximate composition, sarcomere length, Warner Bratzler shear force, and cooking loss. Feeding WDGS linearly increased total PUFA (P = 0.05), C18:2 n-6 (P = 0.004) proportions, and n-6/n-3 ratio (P < 0.01) but reduced C16:1 to C18:0 ratio (P < 0.01). Lipid oxidation was greater in beef from steers fed 30% and 45% WDGS (P = 0.05). Dietary WDGS linearly improved (P < 0.05) flavor and overall linking score in the consumer sensory panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Pouzo
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Balcarce, Bs. As., Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Balcarce, Bs. As., Argentina
| | - I Ceconi
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Gral, Villegas, Gral. Villegas, Bs. As., Argentina
| | - P Davies
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Gral, Villegas, Gral. Villegas, Bs. As., Argentina
| | - D Méndez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Gral, Villegas, Gral. Villegas, Bs. As., Argentina
| | - S G Ortiz Miranda
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Balcarce, Bs. As., Argentina
| | - M L Testa
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Balcarce, Bs. As., Argentina
| | - E Pavan
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Balcarce, Bs. As., Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Balcarce, Bs. As., Argentina; Clemson University, Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, Clemson, SC, United States of America.
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3
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Influences of increasing levels of sulfate in drinking water on the intake and use of low-quality forages by beef cattle. APPLIED ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.15232/aas.2022-02336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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4
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Zhao Y, Zhao G. Decreasing ruminal methane production through enhancing the sulfate reduction pathway. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 9:320-326. [PMID: 35600554 PMCID: PMC9097629 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) production from ruminants accounts for 16% of the global greenhouse gas emissions and represents 2% to 12% of feed energy. Mitigating CH4 production from ruminants is of great importance for sustainable development of the ruminant industry. H2 is the primary substrate for CH4 production in the processes of ruminal methanogenesis. Sulfate reducing bacteria are able to compete with methanogens for H2 in the rumen, and consequently inhibit the methanogenesis. Enhancing the ruminal sulfate reducing pathway is an important approach to mitigate CH4 emissions in ruminants. The review summarized the effects of sulfate and elemental S on ruminal methanogenesis, and clarified the related mechanisms through the impacts of sulfate and elemental S on major ruminal sulfate reducing bacteria. Enhancing the activities of the major ruminal sulfate reducing bacteria including Desulfovibrio, Desulfohalobium and Sulfolobus through dietary sulfate addition, elemental S and dried distillers grains with solubles can effectively decrease the ruminal CH4 emissions. Suitable levels of dietary addition with different S sources for reducing the ruminal CH4 production, as well as maintaining the performance and health of ruminants, need to be investigated in the future.
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Gastrointestinal nematodes and mineral deficiencies in yearling cattle in Santiago del Estero, northern Argentina. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:94. [PMID: 35137322 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aims were to study the epidemiology and the effect of gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) on yearling cattle in a semiarid region in Argentina and to evaluate the mineral serum levels. Ten- to twelve-month-old calves were monitored between November and April 2019. Animals were divided into three groups: untreated control (CONG; n = 20); group treated with moxidectin (MXD, 200 µg/kg) every 30-40 days (MXDG; n = 20); group equally MXD treated and mineral supplementation administered in November and January (MMG; n = 20). Individual GIN egg counts (epg) and fecal cultures were made every 30-40 days. Animal live weight gain was determined. On 7-11-18, 25-1-19, and 3-4-19, serum levels of Se, Cu, Zn, Mg, and Ca were determined by atom absorption spectrophotometry. At the start of the trial, epg values were low (x̄ = 5.5), which increased only in CONG towards the end of the assay (x̄ = 229). In both GMXD and MMG, epg remained very low (x̄ = 4.1). Cooperia spp. (81%) prevailed over Haemonchus spp. (9%) and Oesophagostomum spp. (9%). Deficiency of Se ranged between marginal and important, except for MMG, although mean values were always below normal. Cu was marginally deficient in CONG and MXDG on the first two sampling dates, whereas MMG had normal values after treatment. Mg had low values in the three groups (x̄ = 1.5 mg/dl), whereas Ca and Zn exhibited normal values. Live weight gain (LWG) was higher in MMG than in MXDG, with significant differences (p < 0.05) by mid-January and then, when epg increased, dewormed groups showed higher LWG (p < 0.034) than CONG. A negative effect of GINs on LWG was observed, as well as low to marginal levels of Se, Cu, and Mg.
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Wyffels SA, Van Emon ML, Nack MF, Manoukian MK, Carlisle TJ, Davis NG, Kirkpatrick TJ, Kluth JA, DelCurto-Wyffels HM, DelCurto T. Impact of increasing levels of NaSO4 in drinking water on the intake and utilization of low-quality forages by beef cattle hand-fed a protein supplement or protein supplement containing 25% salt. Transl Anim Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Wyffels
- Northern Agriculture Research Center, Montana State University, Havre, MT 59501, USA
| | - Megan L Van Emon
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Makae F Nack
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Marley K Manoukian
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Tanner J Carlisle
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Noah G Davis
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Tylo J Kirkpatrick
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Janessa A Kluth
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | | | - Timothy DelCurto
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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8
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Mejia-Turcios SE, Osorio-Doblado AM, Ciriaco FM, Urso PM, Araujo RC, Woerner DR, Johnson BJ, Dubeux JCB, Sarturi JO, DiLorenzo N, Henry DD. Effects of bismuth subsalicylate and encapsulated calcium-ammonium nitrate on feedlot beef cattle production. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6373985. [PMID: 34551095 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) and calcium-ammonium nitrate (CAN) on in vitro ruminal fermentation, growth, apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, liver mineral concentration, and carcass quality of beef cattle. In Exp. 1, four ruminally cannulated steers (520 ± 30 kg body weight [BW]) were used as donors to perform a batch culture and an in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) procedure. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with factors being BSS (0 or 0.33% of substrate dry matter [DM]) and CAN (0 or 2.22% of substrate DM). In Exp. 2, 200 Angus-crossbred steers (385 ± 27 kg BW) were blocked by BW and allocated to 50 pens (4 steers/pen) in a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors included BSS (0 or 0.33% of the diet DM) and nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) source (urea or encapsulated CAN [eCAN] included at 0.68% or 2.0% of the diet, respectively) with 0.28% ruminally available S (RAS). A low S diet was included as a positive control containing urea (0.68% of DM) and 0.14% RAS. For Exp. 1, data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with the fixed effects of BSS, CAN, BSS × CAN, and the random effect of donor. For Exp. 2, the MIXED procedure of SAS was used for continuous variables and the GLIMMIX procedure for categorical data. For Exp. 1, no differences (P > 0.230) were observed for IVOMD. There was a tendency (P = 0.055) for an interaction regarding H2S production. Acetate:propionate increased (P = 0.003) with the addition of CAN. In Exp. 2, there was a NPN source effect (P = 0.032) where steers consuming urea had greater carcass-adjusted final shrunk BW than those consuming eCAN. Intake of DM (P < 0.001) and carcass-adjusted average daily gain (P = 0.024) were reduced by eCAN; however, it did not affect (P = 0.650) carcass-adjusted feed efficiency. Steers consuming urea had greater (P = 0.032) hot carcass weight, and a BSS × NPN interaction (P = 0.019) was observed on calculated yield grade. Apparent absorption of S decreased (P < 0.001) with the addition of BSS. Final liver Cu concentration was reduced (P = 0.042) by 58% in cattle fed BSS, indicating that BSS may decrease Cu absorption and storage in the liver. The results observed in this experiment indicate that BSS does not have negative effects on feedlot steer performance, whereas CAN may hinder performance of steers fed finishing diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea M Osorio-Doblado
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia - Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793-5766, USA
| | - Francine M Ciriaco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia - Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793-5766, USA
| | - Phil M Urso
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77340, USA
| | - Rafael C Araujo
- GRASP Ind. & Com. LTDA, Curitiba, Paraná, 81260-000, Brazil.,EW Nutrition GmbH, Visbek 49429, Germany
| | - Dale R Woerner
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2141, USA
| | - Bradley J Johnson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2141, USA
| | - Jose C B Dubeux
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446-7906, USA
| | - Jhones O Sarturi
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2141, USA
| | - Nicolas DiLorenzo
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446-7906, USA
| | - Darren D Henry
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia - Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793-5766, USA
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Moehlenpah AN, Ribeiro LPS, Puchala R, Goetsch AL, Beck P, Pezeshki A, Gross MA, Holder AL, Lalman DL. Water and forage intake, diet digestibility, and blood parameters of beef cows and heifers consuming water with varying concentrations of total dissolved salts. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6383447. [PMID: 34618893 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of water quality on water intake (WI), forage intake, diet digestibility, and blood constituents in beef cows and growing beef heifers. This was a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square with five drinking water treatments within each square: 1) fresh water (Control); 2) brackish water (100 BRW treatment) with approximately 6,000 mg/kg total dissolved solids (TDS); 3) same TDS level as 100 BRW achieved by addition of NaCl to fresh water (100 SLW); 4) 50% brackish water and 50% fresh water to achieve approximately 3,000 mg/kg TDS (50 BRW); and 5) same TDS level as 50 BRW achieved by addition of NaCl to fresh water (50 SLW). Each of the five 21-d periods consisted of 14 d of adaptation and 5 d of data collection. Animals were housed individually and fed mixed alfalfa (Medicago sativa) grass hay cubes. Feed and WI were recorded daily. Data were analyzed with animal as the experimental unit. Age, treatment, and age × treatment were fixed effects, and animal ID within age was the random variable for intake, digestibility, and blood parameter data. Water and feed intake were greater than expected, regardless of age or water treatment. No treatment × age interactions were identified for WI (P = 0.71), WI expressed as g/kg body weight (BW; P = 0.70), or dry matter intake (DMI; P = 0.21). However, there was an age × treatment tendency for DMI when scaled to BW (P = 0.09) in cows consuming 100 BRW compared with fresh water. No differences were found for the other three treatments. Heifers provided 50 SLW water consumed less (P < 0.05) feed (g/kg BW) compared with heifers provided fresh water and 100 BRW. No differences (P > 0.05) in water, DMI, feed intake, or diet digestibility were found due to water quality treatment. In conclusion, under these conditions, neither absolute WI, absolute DMI, nor diet digestibility was influenced by the natural brackish or saline water used in this experiment. These results suggest that further research is necessary to determine thresholds for TDS or salinity concentration resulting in reduced water and/or feed intake and diet digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luana P S Ribeiro
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA
| | - Ryszard Puchala
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA
| | - Arthur Louis Goetsch
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA
| | - Paul Beck
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Adel Pezeshki
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Megan A Gross
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Amanda L Holder
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - David L Lalman
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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López A, Arroquy JI, Hernández O, Nasca JA, Juárez Sequeira AV, DiLorenzo N, Distel RA. A meta-analytical evaluation of the effects of high-salt water intake on beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6325410. [PMID: 34291793 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate drinking water is essential to maintain acceptable production levels in beef cattle operations. In the context of global climate change, the water scarcity forecasted for the future is a growing concern and it would determine an increase in the use of poorer quality water by the agricultural sector in many parts of the world. However, consumption of high-salt water by cattle has consequences often overlooked. A meta-analysis was carried out to assess the impact of utilizing high-salt water on dry matter (DMI) and water intake (WI), and performance in beef cattle. The dataset was collected from 25 studies, which were conducted between 1960 and 2020. Within the dataset, the water quality was divided into three categories according to the ratio of sulfates (SO4) or sodium chloride (NaCl) to total dissolved solids (TDS): 1) TDS = all studies included (average SO4:TDS = 0.4); 2) NaCl = considered studies in which water salinity was dominated by NaCl (average SO4:TDS = 0.1); and 3) SO4 = considered studies in which water salinity was dominated by SO4 (average SO4:TDS = 0.8). Results showed that DMI and WI were negatively affected by high-salt water consumption, although the magnitude of the effect is dependent on the type of salt dissolved in the water. There was a quadratic effect (P < 0.01) for the WI vs. TDS, WI vs. NaCl, DMI vs. TDS, and DMI vs. NaCl, and a linear effect (P < 0.01) for WI vs. SO4 and WI vs. SO4. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) were quadratically (P < 0.01) affected by high-salt water, respectively. This study revealed significant negative effects of high-salt water drinking on beef cattle WI, DMI, and performance. However, the negative effects are exacerbated when cattle drink high-sulfate water when compared with high-chloride water. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach to evaluate animal response to high-salt water consumption and could be included in the development of future beef cattle models to account for the impact of water quality on intake and performance. In addition, this meta-analysis highlights the need for research on management strategies to mitigate the negative effects of high-salt water in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín López
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA-Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina.,Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustria, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Jose I Arroquy
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA-Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Olegario Hernández
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA-Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Jose A Nasca
- Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido (IIACS), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ana V Juárez Sequeira
- Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustria, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Nicolas DiLorenzo
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, USA
| | - Roberto A Distel
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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11
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Production of Hydrogen Sulfide by Fermentation in Rumen and Its Impact on Health and Production of Animals. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8091169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is a Janus-faced molecule with many beneficial and toxic effects on the animal health. In ruminants, rumen fermentation plays a vital role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. During rumen fermentation, the production of hydrogen sulfide can occur, and it can be rapidly absorbed into the body of the animals through the intestinal wall. If the production of hydrogen sulfide concentration is higher in the rumen, it can cause a toxic effect on ruminants known as poliomyelitis. The production of hydrogen sulfide depends on the population of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the rumen. In rodents, H2S maintains the normal physiology of the gastrointestinal tract and also improves the healing of the chronic gastric ulcer. In the gut, H2S regulates physiological functions such as inflammation, ischemia–reperfusion injury and motility. In this review article, we summarize the toxicity occurrence in the body of animals due to high levels of hydrogen sulfide production and also recent progress in the studies of physiological function of H2S in the gut, with a special emphasis on bacteria-derived H2S is discussed in this review.
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12
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Raisbeck MF. Water Quality for Grazing Livestock I. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2020; 36:547-579. [PMID: 32943304 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Water is the most important nutrient for rangeland livestock. However, competition with municipalities, industry, and other water users often results in grazing livestock being forced to use water supplies that are less than perfect. Surface water in western rangleands are often contaminated by mineral extraction, irrigation runoff and other human activities. Mineral contaminants in drinking water are additive with similar contaminants in feedstuffs. The goal of this and the subsequent article is to provide producers and veterinarians with the basic background to make informed decisions about whether a given water supply is "safe" for livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merl F Raisbeck
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Wyoming, 2852 Riverside, Laramie, WY 82070, USA.
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13
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Qian K, Xu J, Zu HC, Cong YY. Research progress of rumen hydrogen sulfide production in ruminants. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13349. [PMID: 32219970 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rumen fermentation can produce hydrogen sulfide (H2 S), and H2 S can be rapidly absorbed by the intestinal wall in nature. If excessive H2 S was produced in rumen, it might be toxic to ruminants. This article reviews the research progress of toxicity of H2 S, rumen H2 S production pathway and its influential factors to lay a foundation for further research and application of rumen H2 S-producing regulation in ruminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao-Chen Zu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Yan Cong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Effects of level of brackish water and salinity on feed intake, digestion, heat energy, ruminal fluid characteristics, and blood constituent levels in growing Boer goat wethers and mature Boer goat and Katahdin sheep wethers. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Saber A, Tafazzoli M, Mortazavian S, James DE. Investigation of kinetics and absorption isotherm models for hydroponic phytoremediation of waters contaminated with sulfate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 207:276-291. [PMID: 29179117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two common wetland plants, Pampas Grass (Cortaderia selloana) and Lucky Bamboo (Dracaena sanderiana), were used in hydroponic cultivation systems for the treatment of simulated high-sulfate wastewaters. Plants in initial experiments at pH 7.0 removed sulfate more efficiently compared to the same experimental conditions at pH 6.0. Results at sulfate concentrations of 50, 200, 300, 600, 900, 1200, 1500 and 3000 mg/L during three consecutive 7-day treatment periods with 1-day rest intervals, showed decreasing trends of both removal efficiencies and uptake rates with increasing sulfate concentrations from the first to the second to the third 7-day treatment periods. Removed sulfate masses per unit dry plant mass, calculated after 23 days, showed highest removal capacity at 600 mg/L sulfate for both plants. A Langmuir-type isotherm best described sulfate uptake capacity of both plants. Kinetic studies showed that compared to pseudo first-order kinetics, pseudo-second order kinetic models slightly better described sulfate uptake rates by both plants. The Elovich kinetic model showed faster rates of attaining equilibrium at low sulfate concentrations for both plants. The dimensionless Elovich model showed that about 80% of sulfate uptake occurred during the first four days' contact time. Application of three 4-day contact times with 2-day rest intervals at high sulfate concentrations resulted in slightly higher uptakes compared to three 7-day contact times with 1-day rest intervals, indicating that pilot-plant scale treatment systems could be sized with shorter contact times and longer rest-intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saber
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| | - Milad Tafazzoli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soroosh Mortazavian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| | - David E James
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
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Fessenden SW, Carpenter AJ, Ruiz-Moreno M, Jenkins TC, Stern MD. Effects of bismuth subsalicylate and dietary sulfur level on fermentation by ruminal microbes in continuous culture. Transl Anim Sci 2017; 1:559-569. [PMID: 32704678 PMCID: PMC7204973 DOI: 10.2527/tas2017.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In ruminants, excess dietary sulfur can be associated with a reduction in DM intake, poor feedlot performance and sulfur-associated polioencephalomalacia. Bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) has been shown to decrease hydrogen sulfide in vitro. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate effects of BSS inclusion (0 or 0.5% of diet DM) and dietary sulfur (0.21 or 0.42% of diet DM) on microbial fermentation in continuous culture. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Eight dual-flow continuous culture fermenters were used during 2 consecutive 10-d periods consisting of 7 d for stabilization followed by 3 d of sampling. A pelleted feedlot diet containing 39% dry rolled corn, 32% earlage, 21% wet distillers grains, 3.2% corn silage, 1.5% soybean meal, 0.6% urea and 2.7% mineral premix (DM basis) was provided as substrate for microbes at a rate of 75 g of DM × fermenter–1 × d–1. Effluents from sampling days were composited by fermenter within period, resulting in 4 replicates/treatment. Bismuth subsalicylate inclusion decreased (P < 0.01) true OM digestion, while no effects were observed for NDF and ADF digestion. Total VFA concentrations, molar proportions of acetic, propionic, and branched-chained VFA decreased (P < 0.01) with BSS addition. The ratio of acetic to propionic acid and the molar proportion of butyric acid increased (P < 0.01) with BSS addition. In regard to nitrogen metabolism, BSS increased NH3–N concentration, NH3–N and dietary-N flows (P < 0.01), and decreased non-NH3–N flow, microbial-N flow, CP degradation, and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (P < 0.01). Inclusion of BSS increased mean, minimum, and maximum fermentation pH (P < 0.01). Amount of dietary sulfur and BSS inclusion influenced flows of amino acids and fatty acids from fermenters. Influences on fatty acid biohydrogenation and amino acid flows demonstrated an overall suppression of microbial fermentation. Results from this experiment indicate that BSS inclusion at 0.5% of diet DM has detrimental effects on in vitro rumen fermentation in continuous culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Fessenden
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, 55108
| | - A J Carpenter
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, 55108
| | - M Ruiz-Moreno
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, 55108
| | - T C Jenkins
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - M D Stern
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, 55108
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López A, Arroquy JI, Juárez Sequeira AV, DiLorenzo N, Barrionuevo MC, Distel RA. High-sulfate water consumption determines intake and metabolic responses to protein supplementation in lambs consuming low-quality forage. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:2111-2120. [PMID: 28726991 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty Hampshire lambs (31 ± 4 kg BW) in individual metabolism cages were used in a 10-treatment by 2-period ( = 4) trial to evaluate the interaction between protein supplementation and sulfate water on intake and metabolic responses when lambs were fed low-quality grass hay (; 6.4% CP, 79.5% NDF). The treatment structure was a 2 × 5 factorial: 2 water qualities (WQ; low-sulfate [LS] and high-sulfate [HS]; 442 and 8,358 mg/kg total dissolved solids, respectively) and 5 soybean meal levels (SBM; 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00% BW/d). After 15 d of adaptation, periods consisted of 5 d for determination of forage and water intake, nitrogen balance, and digestion measurements (d 16 to 20) and 1 d for blood sampling and determination of ruminal hydrogen sulfide (HS) concentration (d 21). Supplemental SBM × WQ interactions were significant for forage OM intake ( = 0.04) and total OM intake ( = 0.04), whereas a tendency was observed for total tract digestible OM intake ( = 0.07). Intake values of LS lambs were higher than those of HS lambs ( < 0.05) in only the first and second levels of SBM. Water intake increased linearly ( < 0.01) with SBM level but was not affected by WQ ( = 0.39). Water quality and SBM supplementation affected total tract OM digestibility (TTOMD; < 0.01); LS lambs had lower TTOMD than HS lambs ( < 0.01). Plasma urea N increased linearly in response to SBM ( < 0.01) but was not affected by WQ ( = 0.11). Nitrogen balance was not affected by SBM × WQ interaction ( > 0.12), except for N utilization (N retained/N intake ratio; < 0.01). Regardless of WQ, N intake ( > 0.01), N urine ( > 0.01), and N balance increased linearly ( > 0.01) with SBM level. Water quality adversely affected N intake and N balance, although at the highest level of SBM no differences in N balance were observed between LS and HS lambs ( = 0.85). No changes due to WQ were observed for either urea reabsorbed by kidneys ( = 0.63) or glomerular filtration rate ( = 0.30), but renal function was affected by SBM level ( < 0.01). There was a supplemental SBM × WQ interaction for ruminal HS concentration ( < 0.01) due mainly to a greater concentration from 0.25% BW SBM in HS than in LS lambs. In conclusion, these results confirmed the existence of an interaction between sulfate water and supplemental protein, which alters intake and metabolic responses when lambs are fed low-quality grass hay.
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Ruiz-Moreno M, Binversie E, Fessenden SW, Stern MD. Mitigation of in vitro hydrogen sulfide production using bismuth subsalicylate with and without monensin in beef feedlot diets. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:5346-54. [PMID: 26641054 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if a sulfur binder, bismuth subsalicylate (BSS), alone or combined with monensin (MON) could decrease the production of HS by rumen microbes. In Exp. 1, two 24-h batch culture incubations were conducted using a substrate consisting of 50% corn, 40% distillers grains, 9.75% hay, and 0.25% mineral premix, on a DM basis. Five treatments including BSS concentrations of 0% (control), 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4% of DM were assigned in 5 replicates to 120-mL serum bottles containing rumen fluid, buffer, and 0.5 g of dietary substrate. Addition of 2% and 4% BSS decreased ( < 0.05) gas production, whereas all concentrations of BSS reduced ( < 0.05) HS production by 18%, 24%, 82%, and 99% for 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4% BSS, respectively. Final pH increased ( < 0.05) with 2% and 4% BSS treatments. At 4% of DM, BSS decreased ( < 0.05) total VFA concentration (m) and propionate (mol/100 mol) but increased acetate (mol/100 mol) and acetate to propionate ratio. Concentration of branched-chain VFA increased ( < 0.05) with the addition of 0.5% BSS, compared with the control. On the basis of these results, addition of BSS (1% of DM) and MON (5 mg/kg) were used to assess their effects on metabolism and HS release by rumen microbes in 8 dual flow continuous culture fermenters during two 10-d periods (Exp. 2). Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Substrate similar to that used in Exp. 1 was provided at 75 g DM/fermenter daily. Headspace HS concentration was reduced ( < 0.05) by 99% with BSS treatment but was not affected ( = 0.21) by MON. An overall increase ( < 0.05) in fermentation pH was found following addition of BSS. Addition of BSS increased ( < 0.05) digestion of NDF and ADF but decreased ( < 0.05) nonfiber carbohydrate digestion and total VFA concentration. Acetate and propionate (mol/100 mol) increased ( < 0.05) with BSS, whereas butyrate (mol/100 mol) and branched-chain VFA (m) decreased ( < 0.05). Addition of BSS increased ( < 0.05) NH-N concentration and NH-N outflow but decreased ( < 0.05) microbial N outflow. Results from this study showed no response to monensin addition, but BSS markedly reduced HS production and altered microbial fermentation during in vitro rumen fluid incubations.
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Ratnakaran AP, Sejian V, Jose VS, Vaswani S, Bagath M, Krishnan G, Beena V, Devi PI, Varma G, Bhatta R. Behavioral Responses to Livestock Adaptation to Heat Stress
Challenges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ajas.2017.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Pogge DJ, Lonergan SM, Hansen SL. Effects of duration of vitamin C supplementation during the finishing period on postmortem protein degradation, tenderness, and meat color of the longissimus muscle of calf-fed steers consuming a 0.31 or 0.59% sulfur diet. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:2567-75. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Drewnoski ME, Pogge DJ, Hansen SL. High-sulfur in beef cattle diets: A review. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:3763-80. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Drewnoski
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0908
| | - D. J. Pogge
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - S. L. Hansen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0908
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Pogge DJ, Drewnoski ME, Hansen SL. Feeding ferric ammonium citrate to decrease the risk of sulfur toxicity: Effects on trace mineral absorption and status of beef steers. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:4005-13. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. J. Pogge
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011
| | - M. E. Drewnoski
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, 68583
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Moya D, Holtshausen L, Marti S, Gibb DG, McAllister TA, Beauchemin KA, Schwartzkopf-Genswein K. Feeding behavior and ruminal pH of corn silage, barley grain, and corn dried distillers' grain offered in a total mixed ration or in a free-choice diet to beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:3526-36. [PMID: 25006072 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seventy-nine continental crossbred beef heifers (524.4 ± 41.68 kg BW), 16 of which were ruminally cannulated, were used in a 53-d experiment with a generalized randomized block design to assess the effects of barley grain (BG), corn silage (CS), and corn distillers' grain (DG) offered in a free-choice diet on feeding behavior and ruminal fermentation. Treatments were total mixed ration (TMR) consisting of 85% BG, 10% CS, and 5% supplement or free-choice (i.e., self-selection) diets of BG and CS (BGCS), BG and corn dry DG (BGDG), or CS and corn DG (CSDG). Heifers were housed in groups of 9 or 10 in 8 pens and weighed 2 h before feed delivery at d 0, 21, 42, and 52 of the study. Pens were equipped with an electronic feed bunk monitoring system enabling feed intake and feeding behavior to be continuously monitored. Each of these pens was randomly allocated 2 cannulated heifers equipped with indwelling pH probes for continuous measurement of ruminal pH during wk 1, 2, 4, and 7. Blood and rumen contents were taken from cannulated heifers 2 h after feed delivery on d -3, 0, 7, 8, 42, and 49. Cattle fed either TMR or free-choice diets had similar (P > 0.10) ruminal fermentation, blood profile, and growth performance, with the exception of the CSDG diet, for which ruminal pH levels were consistently greater (P < 0.01) and performance was lower (P < 0.01). When DG was a component in free-choice diets, heifers reduced its inclusion in the diet (P < 0.05) over the experiment without affecting growth rate or ruminal fluid pH. Finishing feedlot cattle fed BG and CS separately selected a diet with a greater proportion of BG (85% DMI) compared to the TMR with no signs of acidosis. When cattle were given free-choice access to corn dry DG as an alternative to CS, they consumed levels up to 30% of their total daily DMI. Under the conditions of our experiment cattle can effectively self-select diets without increasing the risk of subclinical acidosis and still maintain similar levels of growth and feed efficiency compared with a TMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Moya
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - L Holtshausen
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - S Marti
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - D G Gibb
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - T A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - K A Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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López A, Arroquy JI, Juárez Sequeira AV, García M, Nazareno M, Coria H, Distel RA. Effect of protein supplementation on tropical grass hay utilization by beef steers drinking saline water. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:2152-60. [PMID: 24663202 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to assess the impact of increasing levels of supplemental soybean meal (SBM; 45.7% CP) in cattle consuming tropical grass hay (Panicum maximum cultivar Gatton; 7.0% CP and 81.8% NDF) and drinking low salt water (LS) or high salt water (HS). Six ruminally fistulated beef steers (BW = 375 ± 43 kg) were used in a 6-treatment, 4-period crossover experiment. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial, with 2 levels salt in the water (LS and HS: 786 and 6,473 mg/kg of total dissolved solids [TDS], respectively) and 3 levels of SBM (0, 0.2, and 0.4% BW/d). After 15 d of adaptation to treatments, periods consisted of 5 d for intake and digestibility determination, 1 d for monitoring ruminal fermentation, 1 d for ruminal evacuation, and 1 d for blood sampling. Supplemental SBM × water quality interactions were significant (P < 0.05) for most measures of intake, except for total tract digestible OM intake (P = 0.38) and total tract digestible NDF intake (TTDNDFI; P = 0.32). At greater levels of SBM, forage OM intake, NDF intake, and water intake seemed to reach a plateau in LS while this was not observed in HS. Total tract digestible OM intake increased linearly (P = 0.01) and TTDNDFI tended to increase (P = 0.09) in response to increased SBM. Digestibility of OM and NDF were not affected by treatment (P > 0.21). Passage rate of acid detergent insoluble ash linearly increased (P < 0.01) in response to SBM, although it was not affected by water quality (P = 0.98). Total VFA concentrations and ruminal pH were not affected (P > 0.60 and P > 0.31, respectively) by treatment. Ruminal ammonia N levels were linearly increased by SBM supplementation (P < 0.01) but were not affected by water quality (P = 0.25). However, ruminal ammonia tended (P = 0.09) to be greater in HS at 0.2% of SBM supplementation. No interaction was observed for plasma urea N (PUN; P = 0.20). Plasma urea N was affected by SBM supplementation (P = 0.05) and water quality (P < 0.01). However, PUN did not differ for 0.4% SBM supplementation (P = 0.30) either at LS or HS treatments. In conclusion, a high level of SBM supplementation (0.4% BW) counteracted the detrimental effect of high TDS in drinking water on low-quality forage consumption by cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A López
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, EEA-Santiago del Estero, Jujuy 850, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
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Buttrey EK, Jenkins KH, Lewis JB, Smith SB, Miller RK, Lawrence TE, McCollum FT, Pinedo PJ, Cole NA, MacDonald JC. Effects of 35% corn wet distillers grains plus solubles in steam-flaked and dry-rolled corn-based finishing diets on animal performance, carcass characteristics, beef fatty acid composition, and sensory attributes. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:1850-65. [PMID: 23589628 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-5029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty-four individually-fed Hereford-Angus cross steers (initial BW = 308 ± 9 kg) were used in an unbalanced randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement to determine effects of corn processing method and corn wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) inclusion in finishing diets on animal performance, carcass and beef characteristics, and sensory attributes. Dietary treatments included steam-flaked corn- (SFC) and dry-rolled corn (DRC)-based finishing diets containing 0 or 35% WDGS (DM basis; 0SFC and 35SFC, 0DRC and 35DRC, respectively). Yellow grease was used to equilibrate fat content of diets. Steers were fed 174 d, and were harvested on a single date when the mean ultrasound fat thickness was estimated to be 1.30 cm. No interactions between corn processing and WDGS were observed for performance or carcass characteristics (P ≥ 0.11). Final BW (556 ± 14 kg) and ADG (1.43 ± 0.06 kg) were not affected (P ≥ 0.25) by dietary treatment. Steers fed SFC-based diets consumed less feed, and were 10.6% more efficient (P < 0.01) than those fed DRC-based diets. Including WDGS in finishing diets improved feed efficiency of steers consuming both SFC- and DRC-based diets (P ≤ 0.04). Dietary treatment did not affect HCW, dressing percentage, fat thickness, or yield grade (P ≥ 0.27). Including WDGS in finishing diets decreased the concentration of 16:1cis-9, 18:1cis-9, and 18:1cis-11 fatty acids, and tended (P ≤ 0.10) to increase total fat concentration of steaks compared with diets without WDGS. A corn processing method by WDGS interaction was detected for 18:1trans-11 where steaks from 0DRC diets had decreased concentrations compared with other diets. There were no dietary effects on palatability attributes (P > 0.20). Livery-organy aromatics (P = 0.03) and sweet basic tastes (P = 0.01) in steaks from the 35SFC treatment were more intense than in other treatments, but were barely detectable. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances tended to be greater in steaks from steers fed WDGS after 5 d of storage (P = 0.10), and were greater after 7 d. (P < 0.01). Inclusion of WDGS used in this experiment improved G:F with minimal impacts on carcass characteristics. Both WDGS inclusion and corn processing method impacted fatty acid composition. However, diet had minimal impacts on palatability attributes. When compared with diets fat-equilibrated with yellow grease, the primary concern with incorporating WDGS appears to be decreased shelf-life after 5 d of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Buttrey
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Amarillo 79106, USA
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Lardner H, Braul L, Schwartzkopf-Genswein K, Schwean-Lardner K, Damiran D, Darambazar E. Consumption and drinking behavior of beef cattle offered a choice of several water types. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sarturi JO, Erickson GE, Klopfenstein TJ, Vasconcelos JT, Griffin WA, Rolfe KM, Benton JR, Bremer VR. Effect of sulfur content in wet or dry distillers grains fed at several inclusions on cattle growth performance, ruminal parameters, and hydrogen sulfide1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:4849-60. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. O. Sarturi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583
| | - G. E. Erickson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583
| | - T. J. Klopfenstein
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583
| | - J. T. Vasconcelos
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583
| | - W. A. Griffin
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583
| | - K. M. Rolfe
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583
| | - J. R. Benton
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583
| | - V. R. Bremer
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583
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Drewnoski M, Hansen S. Effect of delaying the feeding of high sulfur until 28 days after adaptation to finishing diet on cattle intake, gain, and ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentrations. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Drewnoski ME, Richter EL, Hansen SL. Dietary sulfur concentration affects rumen hydrogen sulfide concentrations in feedlot steers during transition and finishing. J Anim Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-5078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kessler KL, Olson KC, Wright CL, Austin KJ, Johnson PS, Cammack KM. Effects of supplemental molybdenum on animal performance, liver copper concentrations, ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentrations, and the appearance of sulfur and molybdenum toxicity in steers receiving fiber-based diets1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:5005-12. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. L. Kessler
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071
| | - K. C. Olson
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - C. L. Wright
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - K. J. Austin
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071
| | - P. S. Johnson
- Department of Natural Resources, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007
| | - K. M. Cammack
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071
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Richter EL, Drewnoski ME, Hansen SL. Effects of increased dietary sulfur on beef steer mineral status, performance, and meat fatty acid composition. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:3945-53. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. L. Richter
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - M. E. Drewnoski
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - S. L. Hansen
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
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Kessler KL, Olson KC, Wright CL, Austin KJ, McInnerney K, Johnson PS, Cockrum RR, Jons AM, Cammack KM. Effects of high-sulphur water on hepatic gene expression of steers fed fibre-based diets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2012; 97:838-45. [PMID: 22853431 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2012.01327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sulphur-induced polioencephalomalacia (sPEM), a neurological disorder affecting ruminants, is frequently associated with the consumption of high-sulphur (S) water and subsequent poor performance. Currently, there is no economical method for S removal from surface water sources, and alternative water sources are typically neither readily available nor cost-effective. Determination of genes differentially expressed in response to high-S water consumption may provide a better understanding of the physiology corresponding to high dietary S and ultimately lead to the development of treatment and prevention strategies. The objective of this study was to determine changes in gene expression in the liver, an organ important for S metabolism, of fibre-fed steers consuming high-S water. For this study, liver tissues were collected on the final day of a trial from yearling steers randomly assigned to low-S water control (566 mg/kg SO4 ; n = 24), high-S water (3651 mg/kg SO4 ; n = 24) or high-S water plus clinoptilolite supplemented at either 2.5% (n = 24) or 5.0% (n = 24) of diet dry matter (DM). Microarray analyses on randomly selected healthy low-S control (n = 4) and high-S (n = 4; no clinoptilolite) steers using the Affymetrix GeneChip Bovine Genome Array revealed 488 genes upregulated (p < 0.05) and 154 genes downregulated (p < 0.05) in response to the high- vs. low-S water consumption. Real-time RT-PCR confirmed the upregulation (p < 0.10) of seven genes involved in inflammatory response and immune functions. Changes in such genes suggest that ruminant animals administered high-S water may be undergoing an inflammation or immune response, even if signs of sPEM or compromised health are not readily observed. Further study of these, and other affected genes, may deliver new insights into the physiology underlying the response to high dietary S, ultimately leading to the development of treatments for high S-affected ruminant livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Kessler
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA Department of Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA Functional Genomics Core Facility, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - K C Olson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA Department of Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA Functional Genomics Core Facility, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - C L Wright
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA Department of Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA Functional Genomics Core Facility, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - K J Austin
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA Department of Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA Functional Genomics Core Facility, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - K McInnerney
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA Department of Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA Functional Genomics Core Facility, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - P S Johnson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA Department of Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA Functional Genomics Core Facility, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - R R Cockrum
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA Department of Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA Functional Genomics Core Facility, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - A M Jons
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA Department of Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA Functional Genomics Core Facility, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - K M Cammack
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA Department of Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA Functional Genomics Core Facility, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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Neville BW, Lardy GP, Karges KK, Eckerman SR, Berg PT, Schauer CS. Interaction of corn processing and distillers dried grains with solubles on health and performance of steers1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:560-7. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. W. Neville
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108
| | - G. P. Lardy
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108
| | - K. K. Karges
- Dakota Gold Research Association, Sioux Falls, SD 57104
| | - S. R. Eckerman
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108
- Hettinger Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Hettinger 58639
| | - P. T. Berg
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108
| | - C. S. Schauer
- Hettinger Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Hettinger 58639
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Uwituze S, Parsons GL, Schneider CJ, Karges KK, Gibson ML, Hollis LC, Higgins JJ, Drouillard JS. Evaluation of sulfur content of dried distillers grains with solubles in finishing diets based on steam-flaked corn or dry-rolled corn1,2. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:2582-91. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Biofuels Coproducts Tolerance and Toxicology for Ruminants. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2011; 27:297-303, viii. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Spears JW, Lloyd KE, Fry RS. Tolerance of cattle to increased dietary sulfur and effect of dietary cation-anion balance. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:2502-9. [PMID: 21383030 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if dietary cation-anion balance (DCAB) affects the concentration of S that can be tolerated by growing and finishing cattle without adversely affecting performance. Angus cross and Bradford steers (n=114; average initial BW=252.8 kg) were blocked by BW and breed, and randomly assigned within a block to treatment. The design was a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with S (from NH(4)SO(4)) supplemented at 0, 0.15, or 0.30% of DM, and NaHCO(3) added at 0 or 1.0% of DM. Each treatment consisted of 3 pens containing 5 steers and 1 pen containing 4 steers. Steers were used in an 84-d growing study followed by a finishing study. A corn silage-based diet was fed during the growing study and a corn-based diet was fed during the finishing study. Steers were not randomized between experiments. The analyzed concentrations of S in the growing diets were 0.12, 0.30, and 0.46%, whereas the analyzed concentrations of S in the finishing diets were 0.13, 0.31, and 0.46% for treatments supplemented with 0, 0.15, and 0.30% S, respectively. Increasing DCAB by approximately 15 mEq/100 g of DM, by the addition of NaHCO(3,) did not affect (P > 0.36) performance during the growing or finishing studies. During the growing study DMI was not affected (P=0.29) by dietary S. Steers fed diets containing 0.30% S had greater ADG (P=0.02) and G:F (P=0.01) than those receiving 0.46% S, but similar (P > 0.36) performance to steers fed 0.12% S. During the finishing study, steers fed diets containing 0.46% S had less ADG than steers fed 0.13 (P=0.004) or 0.31% S (P=0.07), whereas ADG did not differ (P=0.18) among steers fed 0.13 and 0.31% S. Steers fed diets containing 0.31 (P=0.01) or 0.46% S (P=0.001) had less DMI than controls, but G:F was not affected (P=0.52) by S during the finishing study. Carcass characteristics did not differ (P > 0.18) among steers fed diets containing 0.13 and 0.31% S. Steers receiving diets containing 0.46% S had decreased HCW (P=0.001), quality (P=0.02), and yield grades (P=0.04) than steers receiving 0.13% S. Plasma Cu concentrations on d 101 of the finishing phase and liver Cu concentrations at slaughter were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in control steers compared with those fed diets containing 0.31 or 0.46% S. This study indicates that steers fed growing diets can tolerate up to 0.46% S with minimum effects on performance. Finishing steers tolerated diets containing 0.31% S without adverse affects on ADG or G:F. However, 0.46% S greatly decreased ADG and DMI, and increasing DCAB did not prevent these depressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Spears
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7621, USA.
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Cunha PH, Badial PR, Cagnini DQ, Oliveira-Filho JP, Moares LF, Takahira RK, Amorim RL, Borges AS. Polioencefalomalacia experimental em bovinos induzida por toxicose por enxofre. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2011000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
O presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar os sinais clínicos, as concentrações do sulfeto de hidrogênio ruminal e as alterações anatomopatológicas associadas à intoxicação experimental por enxofre em bovinos. Foram utilizados dez bezerros mestiços leiteiros, sendo que quatro bovinos ingeriram ração sem sulfato de sódio (G1) e seis consumiram ração com sulfato de sódio (G2). Exames clínicos (temperatura retal, frequência cardíaca e respiratória e motricidade ruminal) e laboratoriais (hemograma, fibrinogênio, proteína plasmática, pH do fluido ruminal, concentração do sulfeto de hidrogênio ruminal, líquido cerebrospinal e histopatológico) foram realizados. A temperatura retal, frequência cardíaca, hemograma, fibrinogênio, proteína plasmática, pH do fluido ruminal e os valores do líquido cerebrospinal estavam dentro dos valores de referência para a espécie. Taquipnéia, hipomotricidade ruminal e elevados valores de sulfeto de hidrogênio ruminal foram observados nos bezerros do grupo G2. Um bezerro do grupo G2 apresentou sinais neurológicos e lesões histopatológicas de PEM. Dois animais de cada grupo foram eutanasiados. Lesões microscópicas foram observadas nos bezerros do G2. Histologicamente as alterações observadas foram necrose neuronal cortical e lesões hemorrágicas nos núcleos basais, tálamo, mesencéfalo, ponte e bulbo. O protocolo experimental constituído por uma dieta rica em carboidrato de alta fermentação, baixa quantidade de fibra efetiva e altos níveis de enxofre (0,52%) ocasionou alterações clinicas e histológicas e elevadas concentrações de sulfeto de hidrogênio ruminal compatíveis com quadro de intoxicação por enxofre.
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Cammack KM, Wright CL, Austin KJ, Johnson PS, Cockrum RR, Kessler KL, Olson KC. Effects of high-sulfur water and clinoptilolite on health and growth performance of steers fed forage-based diets1. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:1777-85. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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41
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May ML, DeClerck JC, Leibovich J, Quinn MJ, DiLorenzo N, Smith DR, Hales KE, Galyean ML. Corn or sorghum wet distillers grains with solubles in combination with steam-flaked corn: in vitro fermentation and hydrogen sulfide production. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:2425-32. [PMID: 20382867 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of wet distillers grains with solubles (WDG) on in vitro rate of gas production, IVDMD, H(2)S production, and VFA were evaluated. Five substrate treatments that were balanced for ether extract content were arranged in a 2 x 2 + 1 factorial. Factors were concentration (15 or 30%; DM basis) and source of WDG (corn or sorghum WDG; CDG and SDG, respectively) plus a 0% WDG control in substrates with steam-flaked corn as the basal grain. Control substrates had greater (P < 0.01) IVDMD and total gas production per gram of substrate DM than WDG-based substrates, and IVDMD was greater (P = 0.03) for CDG than for SDG substrates. Increasing WDG inclusion from 15 to 30% decreased IVDMD and total gas production (P < 0.05), but H(2)S production (micromol/g of fermentable DM) increased (P = 0.01) as inclusion of WDG increased. There were no differences (P > or = 0.10) among treatments in proportions of major VFA, acetate:propionate ratio, and total VFA concentration. These results suggest that including WDG in the substrate decreased IVDMD and gas production, which was particularly evident as WDG increased from 15 to 30% of substrate DM. In addition, CDG seemed to be more digestible than SDG. Hydrogen sulfide production increased with increasing WDG in the substrate, reflecting greater S concentrations in WDG, but in vitro VFA profiles were not affected by WDG concentration or source.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L May
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
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Neville BW, Schauer CS, Karges K, Gibson ML, Thompson MM, Kirschten LA, Dyer NW, Berg PT, Lardy GP. Effect of thiamine concentration on animal health, feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentrations in lambs fed diets based on 60% distillers dried grains plus solubles. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:2444-55. [PMID: 20348382 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited data are available regarding the influence of thiamine supplementation on the incidence of polioencephalomalacia (PEM) in lambs fed diets containing increased concentrations of S in the diet (>0.7%). Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the influence of thiamine supplementation on feedlot performance, carcass quality, ruminal hydrogen sulfide gas concentrations, and incidence of PEM in lambs fed a finishing diet containing 60% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; DM basis). Two studies were conducted using completely randomized designs to evaluate the influence of concentration of thiamine supplementation. Study 1 used 240 lambs fed in 16 pens, whereas study 2 used 55 individually fed lambs. Lamb finishing diets contained 60% DDGS, which resulted in a dietary S concentration of 0.73% (DM basis). Treatments diets were based on the amount of supplemental thiamine provided: 1) no supplemental thiamine (CON), 2) 50 mg/animal per day (LO), 3) 100 mg/animal per day (MED), or 4) 150 mg/animal per day (HI). Additionally, in study 2, a fifth treatment was included, which contained 0.87% S (DM basis; increased S provided by addition of dilute sulfuric acid) and provided 150 mg of thiamine/animal per day (HI+S). In study 1, ADG decreased quadratically (P = 0.04), with lambs fed the CON, LO, and MED diets gaining BW at a greater rate than lambs fed the HI diet. In study 1, DMI responded quadratically (P < 0.01), whereas G:F tended to differ linearly (P = 0.08) to concentration of thiamine supplementation, with MED lambs having greater DMI and decreased G:F. No differences (P > or = 0.17) in lamb performance were observed in study 2. In both studies, most carcass characteristics were unaffected, with the exception of a tendency for decreased carcass conformation (study 1; P = 0.09) and greater flank streaking (study 2; P = 0.03). No differences in ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentration (P > 0.05) among treatments were apparent until d 10, at which point lambs fed the LO diet had less hydrogen sulfide concentrations than all other treatments. Lambs fed HI had the greatest concentrations of hydrogen sulfide on d 31 (1.07 g of hydrogen sulfide /m(3); P < 0.009). Ruminal pH did not differ (P = 0.13) and averaged 5.6 +/- 0.06. No clinical cases of PEM were observed during the course of either study. The use of thiamine as a dietary additive to aid in the prevention of PEM in finishing lambs does not appear to be necessary under the conditions of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Neville
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA
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43
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Effect of water trough type on the drinking behaviour of pasture-based beef heifers. Animal 2010; 4:116-21. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731109990930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Sexson JL, Wagner JJ, Engle TE, Spears JW. Effects of water quality and dietary potassium on performance and carcass characteristics of yearling steers1,2,3. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:296-305. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Loza PL, Buckner CD, Vander Pol KJ, Erickson GE, Klopfenstein TJ, Stock RA. Effect of feeding combinations of wet distillers grains and wet corn gluten feed to feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 2009; 88:1061-72. [PMID: 19966168 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of combinations of wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) and wet distillers grain plus solubles (WDGS) in dry-rolled and high-moisture corn-based finishing diets for beef cattle. In Exp. 1, 250 steers (BW = 343 +/- 13.5 kg) were fed 5 treatments consisting of a corn-based, control diet with 0% coproducts, and diets including 30% WCGF, 30% WDGS, 15% WCGF plus 15% WDGS, or 30% WCGF plus 30% WDGS. No associative effects resulted from feeding 15% WCGF plus 15% WDGS; DMI, ADG, and G:F were intermediate between steers fed WCGF or WDGS at 30% of diet DM. Feeding coproducts in combinations at 30 and 60% of diet DM increased ADG, G:F, and final BW (P < 0.05) compared with the corn-based diet. In Exp. 2, 280 yearling steers (BW = 370 +/- 0.45 kg) were used to evaluate feeding 0, 25, 50, or 75% coproducts as a combination of 50% WCGF:50% WDGS (DM basis). Additional diets were fed containing decreased alfalfa hay at 5, 2.5, and 0% (DM basis) as coproduct blend inclusions increased at 25, 50, and 75% (DM basis), respectively. No interactions were observed between alfalfa hay and coproduct blend levels, and no effects on ADG or G:F (P > 0.21) were observed due to alfalfa hay. Intake, ADG, and G:F responded quadratically (P < 0.05) across coproduct levels, with the greatest ADG and G:F at 25 and 50% blend, and similar ADG and G:F for the 0 and 75% blend levels. In Exp. 3, 504 steers (BW = 376 +/- 16 kg) were fed to evaluate 0, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% (DM basis) WDGS in diets containing 30% WCGF (DM basis) as well as a control diet with no coproducts. The inclusion of 30% WCGF in the diets increased DMI, ADG, and G:F (P < 0.05) when compared with control. Response to inclusion level of WDGS tended to be quadratic for DMI (P = 0.12), quadratic for ADG (P = 0.05), and no effect for G:F (P = 0.96). Greatest ADG was achieved with 15 to 20% WDGS inclusion in diets containing 30% WCGF. The use of combinations of WCGF and WDGS in finishing diets resulted in similar or improved steer performance compared with corn, suggesting replacement of corn with coproduct combinations up to 75% diet DM is possible if a roughage source is fed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Loza
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0908, USA
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Use of Dried Distillers Grains in Preconditioning Programs for Weaned Beef Calves and Subsequent Impact on Wheat Pasture, Feedlot, and Carcass Performance1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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PEREIRA EDILAINEREGINA, PATERNIANI JOSÉEUCLIDESSTIPP, DEMARCHI JOÃOJOSÉASSUMPÇÃODEABREU. A IMPORTÂNCIA DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA DE DESSEDENTAÇÃO ANIMAL. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ENGENHARIA DE BIOSSISTEMAS 2009. [DOI: 10.18011/bioeng2009v3n3p227-235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Atualmente, a população mundial é dependente de atividades que giram em torno da água, a saber:saneamento básico, produção agropecuária, geração de energia, atividade industrial, transporte elazer. Na indústria de produção animal de características intensivas, é de fundamental importância ouso racional da água de boa qualidade. A água deve ser considerada como um nutriente essencial equando utilizada na dessedentação animal, o uso de água de qualidade duvidosa pode interferir nosíndices zootécnicos e na disseminação de enfermidades, acarretando graves prejuízos econômicos,além de carrear agentes patogênicos de doenças de interesse em saúde pública. Sendo assim, a águapode e deve ser considerada o mais importante elemento potencializador das ações higiênico sanitárias,desde que seja adequadamente tratada.
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Quinn MJ, May ML, Hales KE, DiLorenzo N, Leibovich J, Smith DR, Galyean ML. Effects of ionophores and antibiotics on in vitro hydrogen sulfide production, dry matter disappearance, and total gas production in cultures with a steam-flaked corn-based substrate with or without added sulfur1. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:1705-13. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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49
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Vasconcelos JT, Galyean ML. ASAS Centennial Paper: Contributions in the Journal of Animal Science to understanding cattle metabolic and digestive disorders1. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:1711-21. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-0854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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50
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Klopfenstein TJ, Erickson GE, Bremer VR. BOARD-INVITED REVIEW: Use of distillers by-products in the beef cattle feeding industry1. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:1223-31. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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