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Rivero MJ, Cooke AS, Gandarillas M, Leon R, Merino VM, Velásquez A. Nutritional composition, fatty acids profile and immunoglobulin G concentrations of mare milk of the Chilean Corralero horse breed. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310693. [PMID: 39298497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to characterize the nutritional composition, fatty acid profile, and IgG concentration of the milk produced by Chilean Corralero horse (CCH) mares from breeding farms located in southern Chile. Forty-five milk samples were collected from three of the biggest breeding farms (coded as A, B and C) specialized in breeding and selection of CCH in Chile (15 mares sampled per farm). Farms differed in days in milk (DIM). A negative association between DIM and ash, milk protein, milk solids, saturated fatty acids (SFA), and gross energy (GE) was found, whereas DIM had a positive association with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Milk components like fat, lactose, and energy content varied independently of DIM, indicating other influencing factors such as farm-specific management practices. Offspring sex moderately affected GE content, with milk from mares bearing female offspring having higher GE. Macronutrient profiles of the CCH mares' milk were within the reported range for other horse breeds but tended to have lower fat and total solids. Compared to cow and human milk, horse milk is richer in lactose and lower in fat and protein. Immunoglobulin G concentration was only affected by the farm (B > A) which could be linked to dietary factors and pasture composition rather than maternal parity or other known factors. Overall, CCH mare milk has notable nutritional characteristics, with implications for both foal health and potential human consumption, posing less cardiac risk compared to cow's milk as indicated by lower atherogenic and thrombogenic indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jordana Rivero
- Net Zero & Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, Okehampton, United Kingdom
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Andrew S Cooke
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, College of Health and Science, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Gandarillas
- Institute of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Roberto Leon
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Veronica M Merino
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alejandro Velásquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
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Del Prete C, Vastolo A, Pasolini MP, Cocchia N, Montano C, Cutrignelli MI. Effects of maternal dietary supplementation with antioxidants on clinical status of mares and their foal. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:404. [PMID: 39256763 PMCID: PMC11389071 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peripartum period constitutes a delicate physiological moment in mares showing a transient state of oxidative stress. Diet supplementation with antioxidants during pregnancy in women appears to have a beneficial effect on mother and neonate health. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of diet supplementation with a commercial product containing a mix of antioxidants (Oxyliver®, Candioli) on the length of gestation, weight, and haemato-biochemical parameters in Italian Salernitano mares and their newborn foals. Eight late-term pregnant mares were randomly divided into two groups: Antiox group receiving 30 g/day of antioxidants, and Car group receiving the same amount of carrot powder, from 290 to 320 days of gestation. The following parameters were evaluated in mares: weight, colostrum composition, haemato-biochemical parameters, progesterone, and cortisol blood concentrations, along with blood oxidant/antioxidant status. Assessments were conducted at specific time points: immediately before the start of diet supplementation (T0), 15 days after (T1), at the end of diet supplementation (T2), within 8 h after parturition (T3), and 10 days post-partum (T4). Foal parameters such as weight, haemato-biochemical values, cortisol concentration, and blood oxidative stress variables were assessed within 8 h of birth (TF0) and at 10 days of age (TF1). RESULTS Pregnancy was shorter in the Antiox group (P < 0.05) compared with the Car group; the foals' weight increase of group Antiox (40%) was higher (P < 0.05) compared to those of the Car group (28.6%). The colostrum of the Antiox group exhibited higher levels of Brix, total solids, protein, nonfat solids, casein, urea, density, free fatty acids, and glucose, while lower levels of fat and lactose were observed compared to the Car group (P < 0.05). Mares' serum albumin at T1 and T3, creatinine, glucose, total proteins, total bilirubin, AST, and ALT at T3 were lower in Antiox than in the Car group. No significant differences were found in foals. CONCLUSIONS While the limited sample size and the potential variability of evaluated parameters, the observed outcomes suggest that Oxyliver® supplementation in mares might safely decrease gestation length and enhance liver function, thus potentially improving colostrum quality and offspring development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Del Prete
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, Napoli, 80137, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vastolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, Napoli, 80137, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Pasolini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, Napoli, 80137, Italy.
| | - Natascia Cocchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, Napoli, 80137, Italy
| | - Chiara Montano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, Napoli, 80137, Italy
| | - Monica Isabella Cutrignelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, Napoli, 80137, Italy
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Manfredi JM, Jacob SI, Boger BL, Norton EM. A one-health approach to identifying and mitigating the impact of endocrine disorders on human and equine athletes. Am J Vet Res 2022; 84:ajvr.22.11.0194. [PMID: 36563063 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.22.11.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endocrinopathies affect multiple species in ever-increasing percentages of their populations, creating an opportunity to apply one-health approaches to determining creative preventative measures and therapies in athletes. Obesity and alterations in insulin and glucose dynamics are medical concerns that play a role in whole-body health and homeostasis in both horses and humans. The role and impact of endocrine disorders on the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems are of particular interest to the athlete. Elucidation of both physiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in disease processes, starting in utero, is important for development of prevention and treatment strategies for the health and well-being of all species. This review focuses on the unrecognized effects of endocrine disorders associated with the origins of metabolic disease; inflammation at the intersection of endocrine disease and related diseases in the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems; novel interventions; and diagnostics that are informed via multiomic and one-health approaches. Readers interested in further details on specific equine performance conditions associated with endocrine disease are invited to read the companion Currents in One Health by Manfredi et al, JAVMA, February 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Manfredi
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Sarah I Jacob
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Brooke L Boger
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Elaine M Norton
- Department of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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Robles M, Hammer C, Staniar B, Chavatte-Palmer P. Nutrition of Broodmares. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2021; 37:177-205. [PMID: 33820606 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Forage availability should cover most needs for mares bred during spring and summer. Out-of-season breeding, lack of access to pasture, or good quality forage calls for nutritional supplementation. Current evaluations of broodmare needs are based on fetoplacental tissue requirements, but do not consider endocrine changes or that the maternal diet quality affects long-term foal health. This article reviews pregnant mares' current nutritional recommendations. Secondly, fetoplacental developmental stages during gestation are outlined, defining critical periods in the context of the developmental origins of health and disease. Last, examples of how maternal nutrition affects long-term foal health are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Robles
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Armand Frappier, 532 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, Quebec, Canada H7V 1B7; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France.
| | - Carolyn Hammer
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, 1300 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Burt Staniar
- Penn State University, 316 Agricultural Sciences & Industries Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France
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Duncan NB, Johnson PJ, Crosby MJ, Meyer AM. Serum Chemistry and Hematology Changes in Neonatal Stock-Type Foals During the First 72 Hours of Life. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 84:102855. [PMID: 31864462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Limited research has characterized blood chemistry in healthy stock-type foals. Our objectives were to determine foal serum chemistry and hematology changes during the first 72 hours postnatal and compare these with adult horse reference ranges. Over 3 foaling seasons, serum chemistry and hematology were determined for 16 healthy stock-type foals born to similarly managed mares. Blood was collected at 0 hours (before nursing but after standing, within 85 minutes of birth) and 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after initial sampling. Data were analyzed with sampling hour, year, and their interaction as fixed effects. Serum glucose and triglyceride concentrations increased (P < .001) from 0 to 24 hours. Triglycerides increased (P < .001) and glucose decreased (P = .01) between 24 to 48 hours. Serum nonesterified fatty acids increased (P = .04) from 0 to 6 hours and decreased (P ≤ .01) from 6 to 24 hours. Serum urea nitrogen increased (P < .001) between 0 and 6 hours and decreased (P < .001) from 12 to 72 hours. Serum total protein and globulin concentrations increased (P < .001) from 0 to 12 hours, albumin decreased (P ≤ .01) from 0 to 24, and creatinine decreased (P ≤ .02) from 0 to 72 hours. Hour also affected (P ≤ .03) electrolytes, metabolic enzymes, and all hematological components except for mean corpuscular hemoglobin (P = .77). These data demonstrate dynamic blood biochemical and hematological changes throughout the first 72 hours in foals, suggesting that sampling time should be considered when evaluating individual neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie B Duncan
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Philip J Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Marci J Crosby
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Allison M Meyer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.
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Smith AD, Panickar KS, Urban JF, Dawson HD. Impact of Micronutrients on the Immune Response of Animals. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2019; 6:227-254. [PMID: 29447473 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022516-022914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vitamins and minerals (micronutrients) play an important role in regulating and shaping an immune response. Deficiencies generally result in inadequate or dysregulated cellular activity and cytokine expression, thereby affecting the immune response. Decreased levels of natural killer, granulocyte, and phagocytic cell activity and T and B cell proliferation and trafficking are associated with inadequate levels of micronutrients, as well as increased susceptibility to various adverse health conditions, including inflammatory disorders, infection, and altered vaccine efficacy. In addition, most studies of micronutrient modulation of immune responses have been done in rodents and humans, thus limiting application to the health and well-being of livestock and companion animals. This exploratory review elucidates the role of vitamins and minerals on immune function and inflammatory responses in animals (pigs, dogs, cats, horses, goats, sheep, and cattle), with reference to rodents and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen D Smith
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics & Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA;
| | - Kiran S Panickar
- Science & Technology Center, Hills Pet Nutrition Center, Topeka, Kansas 66617, USA
| | - Joseph F Urban
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics & Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA;
| | - Harry D Dawson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics & Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA;
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Robles M, Peugnet PM, Valentino SA, Dubois C, Dahirel M, Aubrière MC, Reigner F, Serteyn D, Wimel L, Tarrade A, Chavatte-Palmer P. Placental structure and function in different breeds in horses. Theriogenology 2017; 108:136-145. [PMID: 29207294 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ponies and sometimes draft horses are often used as experimental models for horses although size and metabolic parameters are known to vary between horse breeds. So far, there is little information about differences of placental structure and no information about differences of placental function between breeds. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in placental size, structure and function at birth in relation to foal size and weight in ponies, Saddlebred and draft horses. Pony, Saddlebred and draft horse pregnancies were obtained by artificial insemination over 2 successive breeding seasons. Foals and total fetal membranes (TFM) were weighed and placentas measured for surface area at term. Placentas were sampled above the umbilical cord insertion. Surface density and volume fraction of the different cellular components of the placenta were measured on histological sections using stereology. The expression of genes involved in growth and development, nutrient transfer and vascularization was compared between groups. Foals and TFM were lighter at birth in ponies than Saddlebred horses, and both were lighter compared to draft horses. The surface density and volume fraction of microcotyledonary vessels was increased in pony compared to Saddlebred placentas. The relative expression of genes involved in growth and development was different between breeds and increased with maternal, fetal and placental weight. Primiparous dams produced lighter foals and smaller placentas, associated with a decreased volume fraction of microcotyledonary vessels and genes involved in growth and development and vascularization. Foal sex had little effect on placental structure and function as the expression of only one gene differed according to sex, with EGFR expression being decreased in placentas of females compared to males. In conclusion, foal and placental weight, as well as placental expression of genes involved in growth and development were correlated with maternal size. Placental structure also differed between breeds, with a stronger difference between ponies and both breeds of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Robles
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - P M Peugnet
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - S A Valentino
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - C Dubois
- IFCE, Station Expérimentale, La Valade, 19370, Chamberet, France
| | - M Dahirel
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - M-C Aubrière
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - F Reigner
- INRA UE1297, UEPAO, INRA centre de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - D Serteyn
- Clinique équine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, CORD, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - L Wimel
- IFCE, Station Expérimentale, La Valade, 19370, Chamberet, France
| | - A Tarrade
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - P Chavatte-Palmer
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France.
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8
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Robles M, Peugnet PM, Valentino SA, Dubois C, Dahirel M, Aubrière MC, Reigner F, Serteyn D, Wimel L, Couturier-Tarrade A, Chavatte-Palmer P. Placental alterations in structure and function in intra-uterine growth-retarded horses. Equine Vet J 2017; 50:405-414. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Robles
- UMR, BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay; Jouy en Josas France
| | - P. M. Peugnet
- UMR, BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay; Jouy en Josas France
| | - S. A. Valentino
- UMR, BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay; Jouy en Josas France
| | - C. Dubois
- IFCE, Station Expérimentale; Chamberet France
| | - M. Dahirel
- UMR, BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay; Jouy en Josas France
| | - M.-C. Aubrière
- UMR, BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay; Jouy en Josas France
| | | | - D. Serteyn
- Clinique équine; Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire; CORD; Université de Liège; Liège Belgique
| | - L. Wimel
- IFCE, Station Expérimentale; Chamberet France
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Heck L, Clauss M, Sánchez-Villagra MR. Gestation length variation in domesticated horses and its relation to breed and body size diversity. Mamm Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Maternal Nutrition during Pregnancy Affects Testicular and Bone Development, Glucose Metabolism and Response to Overnutrition in Weaned Horses Up to Two Years. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169295. [PMID: 28081146 PMCID: PMC5231272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pregnant mares and post-weaning foals are often fed concentrates rich in soluble carbohydrates, together with forage. Recent studies suggest that the use of concentrates is linked to alterations of metabolism and the development of osteochondrosis in foals. The aim of this study was to determine if broodmare diet during gestation affects metabolism, osteoarticular status and growth of yearlings overfed from 20 to 24 months of age and/or sexual maturity in prepubertal colts. Material and methods Twenty-four saddlebred mares were fed forage only (n = 12, group F) or cracked barley and forage (n = 12, group B) from mid-gestation until foaling. Colts were gelded at 12 months of age. Between 20 and 24 months of age, all yearlings were overfed (+140% of requirements) using an automatic concentrate feeder. Offspring were monitored for growth between 6 and 24 months of age, glucose homeostasis was evaluated via modified frequently sampled intra veinous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT) at 19 and 24 months of age and osteoarticular status was investigated using radiographic examinations at 24 months of age. The structure and function of testicles from prepubertal colts were analyzed using stereology and RT-qPCR. Results Post-weaning weight growth was not different between groups. Testicular maturation was delayed in F colts compared to B colts at 12 months of age. From 19 months of age, the cannon bone was wider in B vs F yearlings. F yearlings were more insulin resistant at 19 months compared to B yearlings but B yearlings were affected more severely by overnutrition with reduced insulin sensitivity. The osteoarticular status at 24 months of age was not different between groups. Conclusion In conclusion, nutritional management of the pregnant broodmare and the growing foal may affect sexual maturity of colts and the metabolism of foals until 24 months of age. These effects may be deleterious for reproductive and sportive performances in older horses.
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Žáková N, Száková J, Tremlová J, Najmanová J, Tlustoš P. The soil-plant-feed transport of selenium and other essential micronutrients in diet of sport and recreational horses at two different locations. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/67805/2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Peugnet P, Robles M, Wimel L, Tarrade A, Chavatte-Palmer P. Management of the pregnant mare and long-term consequences on the offspring. Theriogenology 2016; 86:99-109. [PMID: 26954944 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The study of early developmental conditioning of health and disease in adulthood is particularly relevant in the horse, which is bred mainly to perform in demanding sport challenges. On the basis of this concept, the management of the broodmare could be considered an effective means to produce animals with the desired features. Knowledge on the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease in the equine species remains relatively scarce, with some experimental studies and one single epidemiologic study. Data highlight the determinant role of the maternal environment for postnatal body conformation, immune response, energy homeostasis, osteoarticular status and thyroidal, adrenocortical, and cardiovascular functions of the foal. Most research, however, focuses on the first months/years after birth. Long-term effects on the adult horse phenotype have not been investigated so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Peugnet
- UMR 1198 Developmental Biology and Reproduction, French Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Morgane Robles
- UMR 1198 Developmental Biology and Reproduction, French Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laurence Wimel
- Experimental farm, French Horse and Riding Institute (IFCE), Chamberet, France
| | - Anne Tarrade
- UMR 1198 Developmental Biology and Reproduction, French Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- UMR 1198 Developmental Biology and Reproduction, French Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Jouy-en-Josas, France
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13
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Coverdale JA, Hammer CJ, Walter KW. HORSE SPECIES SYMPOSIUM: Nutritional programming and the impact on mare and foal performance1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:3261-7. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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14
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Peugnet P, Robles M, Mendoza L, Wimel L, Dubois C, Dahirel M, Guillaume D, Camous S, Berthelot V, Toquet MP, Richard E, Sandersen C, Chaffaux S, Lejeune JP, Tarrade A, Serteyn D, Chavatte-Palmer P. Effects of moderate amounts of barley in late pregnancy on growth, glucose metabolism and osteoarticular status of pre-weaning horses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122596. [PMID: 25875166 PMCID: PMC4395399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In stud management, broodmares are commonly fed concentrates in late pregnancy. This practice, however, was shown to correlate with an increased incidence of osteochondrosis in foals, which may be related to insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that supplementation of the mare with barley in the last trimester of pregnancy alters the pre-weaning foal growth, glucose metabolism and osteoarticular status. Here, pregnant multiparous saddlebred mares were fed forage only (group F, n=13) or both forage and cracked barley (group B, n=12) from the 7th month of pregnancy until term, as calculated to cover nutritional needs of broodmares. Diets were given in two daily meals. All mares and foals returned to pasture after parturition. Post-natal growth, glucose metabolism and osteoarticular status were investigated in pre-weaning foals. B mares maintained an optimal body condition score (>3.5), whereas that of F mares decreased and remained low (<2.5) up to 3 months of lactation, with a significantly lower bodyweight (-7%) than B mares throughout the last 2 months of pregnancy. B mares had increased plasma glucose and insulin after the first meal and after the second meal to a lesser extent, which was not observed in F mares. B mares also had increased insulin secretion during an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). Plasma NEFA and leptin were only temporarily affected by diet in mares during pregnancy or in early lactation. Neonatal B foals had increased serum osteocalcin and slightly increased glucose increments and clearance after glucose injection, but these effects had vanished at weaning. Body measurements, plasma IGF-1, T4, T3, NEFA and leptin concentrations, insulin secretion during IVGTT, as well as glucose metabolism rate during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps after weaning, did not differ between groups. Radiographic examination of joints indicated increased osteochondrosis relative risk in B foals, but this was not significant. These data demonstrate that B or F maternal nutrition has very few effects on foal growth, endocrinology and glucose homeostasis until weaning, but may induce cartilage lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Peugnet
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Morgane Robles
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Luis Mendoza
- Clinique Equine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Wimel
- IFCE, Station Expérimentale de la Valade, F-19370, Chamberet, France
| | - Cédric Dubois
- IFCE, Station Expérimentale de la Valade, F-19370, Chamberet, France
| | - Michèle Dahirel
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Daniel Guillaume
- INRA, UMR85, Physiologie de la Reproduction et Comportements, CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380, Nouzilly, France, Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37000, Tours, France
| | - Sylvaine Camous
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | | | - Marie-Pierre Toquet
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, SF4206 ICORE / LABEO Frank Duncombe Laboratory, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Eric Richard
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, SF4206 ICORE / LABEO Frank Duncombe Laboratory, F-14000, Caen, France
| | - Charlotte Sandersen
- Clinique Equine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Chaffaux
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Lejeune
- Clinique Equine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne Tarrade
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Didier Serteyn
- Clinique Equine, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
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Brummer M, Hayes S, Adams AA, Horohov DW, Dawson KA, Lawrence LM. The effect of selenium supplementation on vaccination response and immune function in adult horses1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:3702-15. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Brummer
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546
| | - S. Hayes
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546
| | - A. A. Adams
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546
| | - D. W. Horohov
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546
| | - K. A. Dawson
- Alltech Inc. Center for Animal Nutrigenomics and Applied Animal Nutrition, Nicholasville, KY 40356
| | - L. M. Lawrence
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546
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16
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Winsco KN, Coverdale JA, Wickersham TA, Lucia JL, Hammer CJ. Influence of maternal plane of nutrition on mares and their foals: determination of mare performance and voluntary dry matter intake during late pregnancy using a dual-marker system. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:4208-15. [PMID: 23825323 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty pregnant mares (538 to 695 kg BW; 4 to 19 yr of age) were used to evaluate the effects of plane of nutrition on DMI of hay and mare performance (BW, BCS, and rump fat) during the last third of pregnancy. Mares were divided into 4 blocks by their expected foaling date and randomly assigned within block to either a hay or concentrate plus hay diet (concentrate fed at 0.75% BW, as-fed basis) with 15 mares per treatment. Treatments began 110 d before expected foaling date (230 d of gestation) and terminated at parturition. Mares were housed by block and allowed ad libitum access to coastal Bermuda grass (C. dactylon) hay, and concentrate-supplemented mares were fed twice daily in individual stalls. Performance variables were recorded every 14 d, with the last measurements obtained before foaling being considered a prepartum measurement. To evaluate DMI of hay, a dual-marker system was used at 9, 10, and 11 mo of gestation. Titanium dioxide was dosed at 10 g for 14 d. Fecal grab samples were obtained on the last 4 d twice daily via rectal palpation at 12-h intervals with times advancing 3 h each day to account for diurnal variation and to ultimately represent a 24-h period. Fecal samples were analyzed for TiO2 using a colorimetric procedure. Fecal, concentrate, and hay samples were also analyzed for acid detergent insoluble ash. Treatment tended to influence prepartum BW (P = 0.09) and affected prepartum BCS (P < 0.01) and rump fat (P = 0.01), with hay-fed mares having decreased BW and BCS from d 0 (beginning of feeding trial or d 230 of gestation) until parturition, whereas mares fed concentrate gained BW and BCS (P < 0.01). Mares fed only hay consumed 2.3% BW of forage compared with 1.8% BW for concentrate-fed mares (P < 0.01). Regardless of treatment, month of gestation influenced forage intake (P < 0.06), with mares consuming less during the 10th month of gestation and more in the 11th month (1.9% and 2.2% BW, respectively). These data indicate that the altered plane of nutrition of mares in late gestation influenced mare performance. Furthermore, DMI of hay was influenced by both diet and month of gestation. Continued research investigating manipulation of maternal nutrition and its effects on DMI would be beneficial to completely understand the relationships of these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Winsco
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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17
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Fowden AL, Jellyman JK, Valenzuela OA, Forhead AJ. Nutritional Programming of Intrauterine Development: A Concept Applicable to the Horse? J Equine Vet Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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18
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Influence of mineral supplementation on oxidative stress, ovarian follicles growth and reproductive hormone concentration in cyclic Arab mares. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2305-0500(13)60107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Montgomery JB, Wichtel JJ, Wichtel MG, McNiven MA, McClure J, Markham F, Horohov DW. The Effects of Selenium Source on Measures of Selenium Status of Mares and Selenium Status and Immune Function of Their Foals. J Equine Vet Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Hammer C, Winsco K, Lucia J, Coverdale J. Effect of Dietary Energy Manipulation on Mares and their Foals: Colostrum and IgG. J Equine Vet Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2011.03.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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