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Lal MK, Sharma E, Tiwari RK, Devi R, Mishra UN, Thakur R, Gupta R, Dey A, Lal P, Kumar A, Altaf MA, Sahu DN, Kumar R, Singh B, Sahu SK. Nutrient-Mediated Perception and Signalling in Human Metabolism: A Perspective of Nutrigenomics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911305. [PMID: 36232603 PMCID: PMC9569568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between selective nutrients and linked genes involving a specific organ reveals the genetic make-up of an individual in response to a particular nutrient. The interaction of genes with food opens opportunities for the addition of bioactive compounds for specific populations comprising identical genotypes. The slight difference in the genetic blueprints of humans is advantageous in determining the effect of nutrients and their metabolism in the body. The basic knowledge of emerging nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics can be applied to optimize health, prevention, and treatment of diseases. In addition, nutrient-mediated pathways detecting the cellular concentration of nutrients such as sugars, amino acids, lipids, and metabolites are integrated and coordinated at the organismal level via hormone signals. This review deals with the interaction of nutrients with various aspects of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics along with pathways involved in nutrient sensing and regulation, which can provide a detailed understanding of this new leading edge in nutrition research and its potential application to dietetic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kumar Lal
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
| | - Eshita Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
| | - Rajni Devi
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | | | - Richa Thakur
- Division of Silviculture and Forest Management, Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Conifer Campus, Shimla 171001, India
| | - Rucku Gupta
- Department of horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology of Jammu, Jammu 181101, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Priyanka Lal
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar GT Road (NH1), Phagwara 144402, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 754006, India
| | | | - Durgesh Nandini Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Sunil Kumar Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (S.K.S.)
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Söder J, Wernersson S, Höglund K, Hagman R, Lindåse S, Dicksved J. Composition and short-term stability of gut microbiota in lean and spontaneously overweight healthy Labrador retriever dogs. Acta Vet Scand 2022; 64:8. [PMID: 35346308 PMCID: PMC8962211 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-022-00628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiota and its metabolic end-products act in close collaboration with the nutrient metabolism of the animal. A relationship between excess adiposity and alterations in gut microbiota composition has been identified in humans and rodents, but data are scarce for overweight dogs. This study compared composition and temporal variations of gut microbiota in healthy lean and spontaneously overweight dogs. The analysis was based on three individual fresh faeces samples from each dog during a 10-day period. Twenty-seven healthy and intact male Labrador retriever dogs were included, 12 of which were classified as lean (body condition score (BCS) 4–5 on a 9-point scale) and 15 as overweight (BCS 6–8). Gut microbiota was analysed by Illumina sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Results Lean and overweight groups of dogs were not separated by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), analysis of similarity (one-way ANOSIM, P = 0.99) or species indicator analysis (IndVal) using operational taxonomic units (OTU) data. Gut microbial taxa at phylum, family or genus level did not differ between lean and overweight dogs in mixed-model repeated measures analyses. Short-term stability, evaluated by similarity index, did not differ between lean and overweight dogs over the 10-day period. Pooled Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was 3.1 ± 3.7 in overweight dogs and 2.1 ± 1.2 in lean dogs (P = 0.83). Individual dogs, irrespective of body condition (lean or overweight), displayed variation in mean alpha diversity (Chao-1 index range 122–245, Shannon index range 2.6–3.6) and mean similarity index (range 44–85%). Conclusions Healthy lean and spontaneously overweight Labrador retriever dogs had comparable gut microbiota composition and short-term stability over a 10-day sampling period. There were no alterations in microbial diversity or in relative abundance of specific taxa at phylum, family or genus level in overweight compared to lean dogs. Our findings suggest that there are few detectable differences in gut microbiota composition between healthy spontaneously overweight and lean dogs by the current method. Future application of metagenomic or metabolomic techniques could be used to investigate microbial genes or microbial end-products that may differ even when microbiota compositional analyses fail to detect a significant difference between lean and overweight dogs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13028-022-00628-z.
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Briens JM, Subramaniam M, Kilgour A, Loewen ME, Desai KM, Adolphe JL, Zatti KM, Drew MD, Weber LP. Glycemic, insulinemic and methylglyoxal postprandial responses to starches alone or in whole diets in dogs versus cats: Relating the concept of glycemic index to metabolic responses and gene expression. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 257:110973. [PMID: 33933629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Species differences between domestic cats (Felis catus) and dogs (Canis familiaris) has led to differences in their ability to digest, absorb and metabolize carbohydrates through poorly characterized mechanisms. The current study aimed to first examine biopsied small intestine, pancreas, liver and skeletal muscle from laboratory beagles and domestic cats for mRNA expression of key enzymes involved in starch digestion (amylase), glucose transport (sodium-dependent SGLTs and -independent glucose transporters, GLUT) and glucose metabolism (hexokinase and glucokinase). Cats had lower mRNA expression of most genes examined in almost all tissues compared to dogs (p < 0.05). Next, postprandial glucose, insulin, methylglyoxal (a toxic glucose metabolite) and d-lactate (metabolite of methylglyoxal) after single feedings of different starch sources were tested in fasted dogs and cats. After feeding pure glucose, peak postprandial blood glucose and methylglyoxal were surprisingly similar between dogs and cats, except cats had a longer time to peak and a greater area under the curve consistent with lower glycolytic enzyme expression. After feeding starches or whole diets to dogs, postprandial glycemic response, glycemic index, insulin, methylglyoxal and d-lactate followed reported glycemic index trends in humans. In contrast, cats showed very low to negligible postprandial glycemic responses and low insulin after feeding different starch sources, but not whole diets, with no relationship to methylglyoxal or d-lactate. Thus, the concept of glycemic index appears valid in dogs, but not cats. Differences in amylase, glucose transporters, and glycolytic enzymes are consistent with species differences in starch and glucose handling between cats and dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Briens
- Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Marina Subramaniam
- Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Alyssa Kilgour
- Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Matthew E Loewen
- Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Kaushik M Desai
- Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Adolphe
- Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Kyla M Zatti
- Animal & Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Murray D Drew
- Animal & Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Lynn P Weber
- Toxicology Graduate Program, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Model JFA, Lima MV, Ohlweiler R, Lopes Vogt É, Rocha DS, Souza SKD, Türck P, Araújo ASDR, Vinagre AS. Liraglutide improves lipid and carbohydrate metabolism of ovariectomized rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 524:111158. [PMID: 33444670 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Considering that post-menopausal women and ovariectomized rodents develop obesity associated with increased visceral fat, this study was developed to investigate if liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) analogue, could improve the metabolism of estrogen (E2) deficient females. Wistar rats were ovariectomized (OVX), and subdivided in four groups: sham saline, sham liraglutide, OVX saline, and OVX liraglutide. After sixty days, metabolic parameters of blood, heart, liver, brown (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) visceral depots, and, heart oxidative homeostasis, were evaluated. Castration increased the animals' body weight, the relative weight of the WAT depots, hepatic triglycerides and cardiac glycogen content. Liraglutide treatment reversed these effects, decreased WAT depots weight and increased glucose oxidation and lipogenesis in BAT and WAT. In addition, liraglutide enhanced adrenalin (A) lipolytic effect. These results indicate that liraglutide may be a promising treatment to restore lipid homeostasis and prevent weight gain associated with E2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matheus Vieira Lima
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Ohlweiler
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Éverton Lopes Vogt
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Débora Santos Rocha
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Samir Khal de Souza
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrick Türck
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Anapaula Sommer Vinagre
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Vendramini THA, Macedo HT, Zafalon RVA, Macegoza MV, Pedrinelli V, Risolia LW, Ocampos FMM, Jeremias JT, Pontieri CFF, Ferriolli E, Colnago LA, Brunetto MA. Serum metabolomics analysis reveals that weight loss in obese dogs results in a similar metabolic profile to dogs in ideal body condition. Metabolomics 2021; 17:27. [PMID: 33594460 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01753-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study of metabolic profile can be an important tool to better understand, at a systemic level, metabolic alterations caused by different pathological conditions, such as obesity. Furthermore, it allows the discovery of metabolic biomarkers, which may help to diagnose alterations caused by obesity. OBJECTIVE To investigate the metabolic profile of blood serum of obese dogs, control dogs, and dogs that were subjected to a weight loss program. METHODS Ten obese adult spayed female dogs were included, and their body composition was determined by the deuterium isotope dilution method. The dogs were subjected to a weight loss program and formed a new experimental group after losing 20% of the initial body weight. A third experimental group was composed of ten lean adult spayed female dogs. The metabolic profile of blood serum was evaluated through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Principal Component Analyses (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) models were constructed using Pareto scaling pre-processing. Pathway analysis was also performed using the MetaboAnalist online tool. RESULTS The PCA shows that the control and after weight loss groups presented a trend to negative PC1, indicating similarities between these two groups. In contrast, obese animals presented a tendency to appear on negative PC2 indicating a different metabolic profile. The OPLS-DA analysis of the serum indicated that healthy groups presented higher content of glucose, while animals that lost weight had higher levels of cholesterol and lactate than the control group. On the other hand, the analysis showed that lipid content, cholesterol, and branched-chain amino acids were highest in obese animals. Variable Influence on Projection (VIP) analysis demonstrated that Lactate is the most important metabolite for the OPLS-DA model and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) corroborated the similarity between the control group and the obese after weight loss groups. Moreover, the pathway analysis indicated the most important metabolic pathways related to this dataset. CONCLUSIONS The metabolomic assessment based on NMR of blood serum differed between obese dogs and animals in optimal body condition. Moreover, the weight loss resulted in metabolic profiles similar to those observed in lean animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago H A Vendramini
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), 225, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Henrique T Macedo
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), 225, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael V A Zafalon
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), 225, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus V Macegoza
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), 225, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Vivian Pedrinelli
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa W Risolia
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M M Ocampos
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa-CNPDIA), São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo Ferriolli
- Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Colnago
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa-CNPDIA), São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Marcio A Brunetto
- Pet Nutrology Research Center, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), 225, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil.
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, 13635-900, Brazil.
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Kobayashi M, Okada Y, Ueno H, Mizorogi T, Ohara K, Kawasumi K, Suruga K, Kadokura K, Ohnishi Y, Arai T. Effects of Supplementation with Anti-Inflammatory Compound Extracted from Herbs in Healthy and Obese Cats. VETERINARY MEDICINE-RESEARCH AND REPORTS 2020; 11:39-44. [PMID: 32215260 PMCID: PMC7084122 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s240516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity has become a serious public health problem all over the world, and prevalence of obesity has increased in cats. Obesity is characterized by continuous low-grade inflammation based on oxidative stress by excessively produced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Supplementation with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds is very effective to relieve the obesity condition. A plant extract mixture containing Rhus verniciflua and some other herbs, Rv-PEM01-99, shows anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with Rv-PEM01-99 as an anti-inflammatory compound in healthy and obese cats. Materials and Methods Ten healthy mix breed cats and four obesity disease cats were used. The healthy cats were randomly divided into control and test groups. Anti-inflammatory compound, Rv-PEM01-99, in which quercetin derivative is the main component, was supplemented to the healthy test group and the obesity disease cats at the dose of 100–120 mg/kg/day (2.5–3.0 mg/kg/day as quercetin) for 4 weeks. Metabolites, hormones and enzymes were measured before and after the compound supplementation. Results The anti-inflammatory compound supplementation decreased serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations as inflammatory markers in both healthy and obesity disease cats. In obesity disease cats, plasma total cholesterol concentrations and AST and ALT activities decreased significantly after the compound supplementation. Conclusion Quercetin derivative seems to have strong anti-inflammatory activities. In the healthy cats, anti-inflammatory compound supplementation decreased plasma NEFA and SAA concentrations. In the obesity disease cats, the compound supplementation may have alleviated obesity disease by relieving inflammation and improvement of lipid metabolism in livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoo Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8601, Japan.,One Health Co. Ltd, Tokyo 157-0066, Japan
| | - Yuki Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8601, Japan.,One Health Co. Ltd, Tokyo 157-0066, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Ueno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8601, Japan
| | - Takayuki Mizorogi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8601, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8601, Japan
| | - Koh Kawasumi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8601, Japan
| | - Kohei Suruga
- Food Function R&D Division, International Operation Department, Kibun Foods Inc., Tokyo 206-0812, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kadokura
- Food Function R&D Division, International Operation Department, Kibun Foods Inc., Tokyo 206-0812, Japan
| | | | - Toshiro Arai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo 180-8601, Japan.,One Health Co. Ltd, Tokyo 157-0066, Japan
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Okada Y, Ueno H, Mizorogi T, Ohara K, Kawasumi K, Arai T. Diagnostic Criteria for Obesity Disease in Cats. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:284. [PMID: 31508438 PMCID: PMC6718553 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated visceral and subcutaneous fat masses were measured with computed tomography (CT) in cats with various body condition scores (BCS) from 5/9 to 9/9. BCS does not always reflect visceral fat accumulation which induces pro-inflammatory reactions. Obese cats with accumulated visceral fat showed low plasma adiponectin and high serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations, an inflammatory marker. Based on the above results, new diagnostic criteria for obesity disease were established as follows. For overweight cats with high BCS of >7/9, showing two or more of the following three symptoms, low adiponectin concentrations, hyperlipidemia, and high SAA concentrations, categorizes them as having obesity disease. Cats with BCS 6/9-9/9, without inflammatory reactions, were classified as simple obesity, which is similar to metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) defined in human medicine. Simple obesity group showed significantly higher adiponectin concentrations than those in control group. The obesity disease group showed significantly higher plasma triglyceride (TG) and SAA concentrations and lower concentrations of adiponectin than the control group. Moreover, plasma glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the obesity disease group were higher than those in healthy control group, although the differences were not statistically significant. Establishing criteria for obesity disease based on visceral fat accumulation and inflammation markers levels contributes to early and correct diagnosis of obesity in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Okada
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Mizorogi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohara
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Koh Kawasumi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Toshiro Arai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
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Söder J, Wernersson S, Dicksved J, Hagman R, Östman JR, Moazzami AA, Höglund K. Indication of metabolic inflexibility to food intake in spontaneously overweight Labrador Retriever dogs. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:96. [PMID: 30894172 PMCID: PMC6425671 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity in dogs is an increasing problem associated with morbidity, shortened life span and poor life quality. Overweight dogs exhibit postprandial hyperlipidaemia, highlighting the need to identify potential dysregulations in lipid metabolism. This study investigated metabolites related to lipid metabolism (i.e. acylcarnitines and taurine) and phospholipids in a feed-challenge test and aimed to identify metabolic variations in spontaneously overweight dogs. Twenty-eight healthy male Labrador Retriever dogs were included, 12 of which were classified as lean (body condition score (BCS) 4–5 on a 9-point scale) and 16 as overweight (BCS 6–8). After overnight fasting (14–17 h), fasting blood samples were collected and dogs were fed a high-fat meal followed by postprandial blood sample collection hourly for 4 h. Liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOFMS) was used to identify plasma metabolites and phospholipids. Multivariate models, mixed model repeated measures and linear regression analyses were used for data interpretation. Results In all dogs, propionylcarnitine, stearoylcarnitine and nine phospholipids increased in response to food intake, while vaccenylcarnitine decreased (P ≤ 0.005 for all). Overall, carnitine and acetylcarnitine signal areas in the feed-challenge test were lower in overweight dogs (P ≤ 0.004). Notably, fasting plasma acetylcarnitine was lower in overweight dogs than in lean dogs (P = 0.001) and it did not change in response to feeding. The latter finding was in contrast to the decreased acetylcarnitine signal area found in lean dogs at one hour postprandially (P < 0.0001). One fasting phosphatidylcholine (PCaa C38:4) was higher in prominently overweight dogs (BCS > 6) than in lean dogs (P < 0.05). Conclusions Plasma carnitine status was overall lower in spontaneously overweight dogs than in lean dogs in this cohort of healthy Labrador Retriever dogs, indicating a potential carnitine insufficiency in the overweight group. The acetylcarnitine response in overweight dogs indicated decreased fatty acid oxidation at fasting and metabolic inflexibility to food intake. Further studies on metabolic inflexibility and its potential role in the metabolism of overweight dogs are warranted. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1845-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Söder
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sara Wernersson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Dicksved
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ragnvi Hagman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johnny R Östman
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ali A Moazzami
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katja Höglund
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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Kawasumi K, Murai T, Mizorogi T, Okada Y, Yamamoto I, Suruga K, Kadokura K, Arai T. Changes in Plasma Metabolites Concentrations in Obese Dogs Supplemented With Anti-oxidant Compound. Front Nutr 2018; 5:74. [PMID: 30246011 PMCID: PMC6137203 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to discuss the effect of anti-oxidant supplement (Rv-PEM01-99, Kibun Foods, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) on changes in energy metabolism in obese dogs. 200 mg/kg/day of Rv-PEM01-99 (equivalent to 5 mg kg/day of quercetin derivative) were applied for 6 weeks to the Beagle dogs fed high fat diet (HFD) or control diet (CD). In the present study, body weight (BW) decreasing effect of Rv-PEM 01-99 in obese dogs was not clear. However, plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities at the end of experiment were significantly decreased compared to those at the start of experiment in obese dogs supplemented with Rv-PEM 01-99 (paired-t test, p < 0.05). In control dogs supplemented with Rv-PEM 01-99, Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), and triglycerides (TG) levels and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were significantly decreased compared to those at the start of experiment (paired-t test, p < 0.05). From these findings, Rv-PEM 01-99 seems to be not harmful for dogs. Anti-lipid peroxide effect and liver function improvement are expected in the dogs supplemented with Rv-PEM 01-99.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koh Kawasumi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Tae Murai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Takayuki Mizorogi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Yuki Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Kohei Suruga
- Food Function R&D Division, International Operation Department, Kibun Foods Inc., Inagi, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kadokura
- Food Function R&D Division, International Operation Department, Kibun Foods Inc., Inagi, Japan
| | - Toshiro Arai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
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10
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Leclerc L, Thorin C, Flanagan J, Biourge V, Serisier S, Nguyen P. Higher neonatal growth rate and body condition score at 7 months are predictive factors of obesity in adult female Beagle dogs. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:104. [PMID: 28407742 PMCID: PMC5390368 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-0994-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The risks during early growth on becoming overweight in adulthood are widely studied in humans. However, early-life predictive factors for canine adult overweight and obesity have not yet been studied. To identify factors that may help explain the development of overweight and obesity at adulthood in dogs, a longitudinal study of 2 years was conducted in 24 female Beagle dogs of the same age, sexual status, and raised under identical environmental conditions. By means of a hierarchical classification on principal components with the following quantitative values: fat-free mass (FFM), percentage fat mass and pelvic circumference at 2 years of age, three groups of dogs were established and were nominally named: ideal weight (IW, n = 9), slightly overweight (OW1, n = 6) and overweight (OW2, n = 9). With the aim of identifying predictive factors of development of obesity at adulthood parental characteristics, growth pattern, energy balance and plasma factors were analysed by logistic regression analysis. Results At 24 months, the group compositions were in line with the body condition scores (BCS 1–9) values of the IW (5 or 6/9), the OW1 (6/9) and the OW2 (7 or 8/9) groups. Logistic regression analysis permitted the identification of neonatal growth rate during the first 2 weeks of life (GR2W) and BCS at 7 months as predictors for the development of obesity at adulthood. Seventy percent of dogs with either GR2W >125% or with BCS > 6/9 at 7 months belonged to the OW2 group. Results from energy intake and expenditure, corrected for FFM, showed that there was a greater positive energy imbalance between 7 and 10 months for the OW2, compared to the IW group. Conclusion This study expands the understanding of previously reported risk factors for being overweight or obese in dogs, establishing that (i) 15 out of 24 of the studied dogs became overweight and (ii) GR2W and BCS at 7 months of age could be used as predictive factors as overweight adult dogs in the OW2 group had higher values compared the other groups of dogs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-0994-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Leclerc
- LUNAM University, Oniris, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Science and Engineering, Nutrition and Endocrinology Unit, C.S. 40706, 44307, Nantes Cedex 03, France.,Royal Canin SAS, 650 avenue de la petite Camargue, 30470, Aimargues, France
| | - Chantal Thorin
- LUNAM University, Oniris, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Science and Engineering, Animal Physiopathology and Functional Pharmacology, C.S. 40706, 44307, Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - John Flanagan
- Royal Canin SAS, 650 avenue de la petite Camargue, 30470, Aimargues, France
| | - Vincent Biourge
- Royal Canin SAS, 650 avenue de la petite Camargue, 30470, Aimargues, France
| | - Samuel Serisier
- LUNAM University, Oniris, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Science and Engineering, Nutrition and Endocrinology Unit, C.S. 40706, 44307, Nantes Cedex 03, France.,Royal Canin SAS, 650 avenue de la petite Camargue, 30470, Aimargues, France
| | - Patrick Nguyen
- LUNAM University, Oniris, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Science and Engineering, Nutrition and Endocrinology Unit, C.S. 40706, 44307, Nantes Cedex 03, France. .,Nutrition and Endocrinology Unit, Oniris, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences and Engineering, C.S. 40706, 44307, Nantes Cedex 03, France.
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11
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Ulloa-Martínez M, Burguete-García AI, Murugesan S, Hoyo-Vadillo C, Cruz-Lopez M, García-Mena J. Expression of candidate genes associated with obesity in peripheral white blood cells of Mexican children. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:968-976. [PMID: 27695486 PMCID: PMC5016575 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.58126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a chronic, complex, and multifactorial disease, characterized by excess body fat. Diverse studies of the human genome have led to the identification of susceptibility genes that contribute to obesity. However, relatively few studies have addressed specifically the association between the level of expression of these genes and obesity. MATERIAL AND METHODS We studied 160 healthy and obese unrelated Mexican children aged 6 to 14 years. We measured the transcriptional expression of 20 genes associated with obesity, in addition to the biochemical parameters, in peripheral white blood cells. The detection of mRNA levels was performed using the OpenArray Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems). RESULTS Obese children exhibited higher values of fasting glucose (p = 0.034), fasting insulin (p = 0.004), low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.006), triglycerides (p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), and lower values of high-density lipoprotein (p < 0.001) compared to lean children. Analysis of transcriptional expression data showed a difference for ADRB1 (p = 0.0297), ADIPOR1 (p = 0.0317), GHRL (p = 0.0060) and FTO (p = 0.0348) genes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that changes in the expression level of the studied genes are involved in biological processes implicated in the development of childhood obesity. Our study contributes new perspectives for a better understanding of biological processes involved in obesity. The protocol was approved by the National Committee and Ethical Committee Board from the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) (IMSS FIS/IMSS/PRIO/10/011).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Ulloa-Martínez
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México, México
| | - Ana I. Burguete-García
- Dirección de Infecciones Crónicas y Cáncer, CISEI, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, México, México
| | - Selvasankar Murugesan
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México, México
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México, México
| | - Carlos Hoyo-Vadillo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México, México
| | - Miguel Cruz-Lopez
- Unidad Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, México
| | - Jaime García-Mena
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, México, México
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12
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Stachowiak M, Szczerbal I, Switonski M. Genetics of Adiposity in Large Animal Models for Human Obesity-Studies on Pigs and Dogs. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 140:233-70. [PMID: 27288831 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of domestic mammals in the development of human biomedical sciences has been widely documented. Among these model species the pig and dog are of special importance. Both are useful for studies on the etiology of human obesity. Genome sequences of both species are known and advanced genetic tools [eg, microarray SNP for genome wide association studies (GWAS), next generation sequencing (NGS), etc.] are commonly used in such studies. In the domestic pig the accumulation of adipose tissue is an important trait, which influences meat quality and fattening efficiency. Numerous quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for pig fatness traits were identified, while gene polymorphisms associated with these traits were also described. The situation is different in dog population. Generally, excessive accumulation of adipose tissue is considered, similar to humans, as a complex disease. However, research on the genetic background of canine obesity is still in its infancy. Between-breed differences in terms of adipose tissue accumulation are well known in both animal species. In this review we show recent advances of studies on adipose tissue accumulation in pigs and dogs, and their potential importance for studies on human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stachowiak
- Department of Genetics, Animal Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - I Szczerbal
- Department of Genetics, Animal Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - M Switonski
- Department of Genetics, Animal Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
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13
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Bionaz M, Osorio J, Loor JJ. TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM: Nutrigenomics in dairy cows: Nutrients, transcription factors, and techniques1,2. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:5531-53. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97333
| | - J. Osorio
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97333
| | - J. J. Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
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14
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Herrera Uribe J, Vitger AD, Ritz C, Fredholm M, Bjørnvad CR, Cirera S. Physical training and weight loss in dogs lead to transcriptional changes in genes involved in the glucose-transport pathway in muscle and adipose tissues. Vet J 2015; 208:22-7. [PMID: 26701817 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide problem in humans and domestic animals. Interventions, including a combination of dietary management and exercise, have proven to be effective for inducing weight loss in humans. In companion animals, the role of exercise in the management of obesity has received relatively little attention. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the transcriptome of key energy metabolism genes in muscle and adipose tissues in response to diet-induced weight loss alone, or combined with exercise in dogs. Overweight pet dogs were enrolled on a weight loss programme, based on calorie restriction and physical training (FD group, n = 5) or calorie restriction alone (DO group, n = 7). mRNA expression of 12 genes and six microRNAs were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). In the FD group, FOXO1 and RAC1 were expressed at lower levels in adipose tissue, whereas ESRRA and AKT2 were more highly expressed in muscle, when compared with the DO group. Comparing expression before and after the intervention, in the DO group, nine genes and three microRNAs showed significant altered expression in adipose tissue (PPARG, ADIPOQ and FOXO1; P < 0.001) and seven genes and two microRNAs were significantly downregulated (NRF2, RAC1, ESRRA, AKT2, PGC1a and mir-23; P < 0.001) in muscle. Thus, calorie restriction causes regulation of several metabolic genes in both tissues. The mild exercise, incorporated into this study design, was sufficient to elicit transcriptional changes in adipose and muscle tissues, suggesting a positive effect on glucose metabolism. The study findings support inclusion of exercise in management of canine obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juber Herrera Uribe
- Genética y Mejora Animal, Cordoba University, Edificio C5 Gregor Mendel 1st Floor, Campus Universitario Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Anne D Vitger
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Fredholm
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte R Bjørnvad
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanna Cirera
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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15
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Adipose tissue macrophages in non-rodent mammals: a comparative study. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 363:461-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Osto M, Lutz TA. Translational value of animal models of obesity-Focus on dogs and cats. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 759:240-52. [PMID: 25814247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A prolonged imbalance between a relative increase in energy intake over a decrease in energy expenditure results in the development of obesity; extended periods of a positive energy balance eventually lead to the accumulation of abnormally high amounts of fat in adipose tissue but also in other organs. Obesity is considered a clinical state of impaired general heath in which the excessive increase in adipose tissue mass may be associated with metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. This review discusses briefly the use of animal models for the study of obesity and its comorbidities. Generally, most studies are performed with rodents, such as diet induced obesity and genetic models. Here, we focus specifically on two different species, namely dogs and cats. Obese dogs and cats show many features of human obesity. Interestingly, however, dogs and cats differ from each other in certain aspects because even though obese dogs may become insulin resistant, this does not result in the development of diabetes mellitus. In fact, diabetes in dogs is typically not associated with obesity because dogs present a type 1 diabetes-like syndrome. On the other hand, obese cats often develop diabetes mellitus which shares many features with human type 2 diabetes; feline and human diabetes are similar in respect to their pathophysiology, underlying risk factors and treatment strategies. Our review discusses genetic and endocrine factors in obesity, discusses obesity induced changes in lipid metabolism and includes some recent findings on the role of gut microbiota in obesity. Compared to research in rodent models, the array of available techniques and tools is unfortunately still rather limited in dogs and cats. Hence, even though physiological and pathophysiological phenomena are well described in dogs and cats, the underlying mechanisms are often not known and studies investigating causality specifically are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Osto
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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17
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Switonski M, Mankowska M. Dog obesity--the need for identifying predisposing genetic markers. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:831-6. [PMID: 24034586 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Incidence of overweight and obesity in dogs exceeds 30%, and several breeds are predisposed to this heritable phenotype. Rapid progress of canine genomics and advanced knowledge on the genetic background of human obesity bring a unique opportunity to perform such studies in dogs. Natural candidate genes for obesity are these encoding adipokines. Extended studies in humans indicated that polymorphisms of three of them, i.e. ADIPOQ, IL1 and TNF, are associated with predisposition to obesity. On the other hand, the use of genome-wide association studies revealed an association between human obesity and polymorphism of more than 50 other genes. Until now only few preliminary reports on polymorphism of canine FTO, MC4R, MC3R and PPARG genes have been published. Since the dog is a valuable model organism for human diseases one can foresee that such studies may also contribute to an in-depth understanding of human obesity pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Switonski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland.
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18
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Mirando MA, Swanson KS. COMPANION ANIMALS SYMPOSIUM: Nutrition special needs– the relationship between novel ingredients, environment, and gene expression1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:2947-8. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Mirando
- Institute of Food Production and Sustainability, Division of Animal Systems, USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250-2240
| | - K. S. Swanson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
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