1
|
Gower-Fry L, Wängler C, Bartenstein P, Beyer L, Lindner S, Jurkschat K, Wängler B, Bailey JJ, Schirrmacher R. Silicon-Fluoride Acceptors (SiFA) for 18F-Radiolabeling: From Bench to Bedside. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2729:29-43. [PMID: 38006489 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3499-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine-18 (18F) is undoubtedly one of the most frequently applied radionuclides for the development of new radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) in the context of clinical cancer, neurological, and metabolic imaging. Until recently, the available radiochemical methodologies to introduce 18F into organic molecules ranging from small- to medium- and large-sized compounds were limited to a few applicable protocols. With the advent of late-stage fluorination of small aromatic, nonactivated compounds and various noncanonical labeling strategies geared toward the labeling of peptides and proteins, the molecular toolbox for PET radiotracer development was substantially extended. Especially, the noncanonical labeling methodologies characterized by the formation of Si-18F, B-18F, and Al-18F bonds give access to kit-like 18F-labeling of complex and side-group unprotected compounds, some of them already in clinical use. This chapter will particularly focus on silicon-fluoride acceptor (SiFA) chemistry and cover the history of its conceptual design and its translation into the clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lexi Gower-Fry
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonie Beyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Jurkschat
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Justin J Bailey
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Da Pieve C, Kramer-Marek G. Radiolabeled Affibody Molecules for PET Imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2729:159-182. [PMID: 38006496 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3499-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their ease of engineering and production, chemical stability, size, and high target affinity and specificity, radiolabeled affibody molecules have been recognized as very promising molecular imaging probes in both preclinical and clinical settings. Herein we describe the methods for the preparation of affibody-chelator conjugates and their subsequent radiolabeling with 18F-AlF, 68Ga, 89Zr.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Da Pieve
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Gabriela Kramer-Marek
- Preclinical Molecular Imaging, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Runacres D, Greenacre VK, Dyke JM, Grigg J, Herbert G, Levason W, McRobbie G, Reid G. Synthesis, Characterization, and Computational Studies on Gallium(III) and Iron(III) Complexes with a Pentadentate Macrocyclic bis-Phosphinate Chelator and Their Investigation As Molecular Scaffolds for 18F Binding. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20844-20857. [PMID: 38055373 PMCID: PMC10731642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of obtaining improved molecular scaffolds for 18F binding to use in PET imaging, gallium(III) and iron(III) complexes with a macrocyclic bis-phosphinate chelator have been synthesized and their properties, including their fluoride binding ability, investigated. Reaction of Bn-tacn (1-benzyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) with paraformaldehyde and PhP(OR)2 (R = Me or Et) in refluxing THF, followed by acid hydrolysis, yields the macrocyclic bis(phosphinic acid) derivative, H2(Bn-NODP) (1-benzyl-4,7-phenylphosphinic acid-1,4,7-triazacyclononane), which is isolated as its protonated form, H2(Bn-NODP)·2HCl·4H2O, at low pH (HClaq), its disodium salt, Na2(Bn-NODP)·5H2O at pH 12 (NaOHaq), or the neutral H2(Bn-NODP) under mildly basic conditions (Et3N). A crystal structure of H2(Bn-NODP)·2HCl·H2O confirmed the ligand's identity. The mononuclear [GaCl(Bn-NODP)] complex was prepared by treatment of either the HCl or sodium salt with Ga(NO3)3·9H2O or GaCl3, while treatment of H2(Bn-NODP)·2HCl·4H2O with FeCl3 in aqueous HCl gives [FeCl(Bn-NODP)]. The addition of 1 mol. equiv of aqueous KF to these chloro complexes readily forms the [MF(Bn-NODP)] analogues. Spectroscopic analysis on these complexes confirms pentadentate coordination of the doubly deprotonated (bis-phosphinate) macrocycle via its N3O2 donor set, with the halide ligand completing a distorted octahedral geometry; this is further confirmed through a crystal structure analysis on [GaF(Bn-NODP)]·4H2O. The complex adopts the geometric isomer in which the phosphinate arms are coordinated unsymmetrically (isomer 1) and with the stereochemistry of the three N atoms of the tacn ring in the RRS configuration, denoted (N)RRS, and the phosphinate groups in the RR stereochemistry, denoted (P)RR, (isomer 1/RR), together with its (N)SSR (P)SS enantiomer. The greater thermodynamic stability of isomer 1/RR over the other possible isomers is also indicated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Radiofluorination experiments on the [MCl(Bn-NODP)] complexes in partially aqueous MeCN/NaOAcaq (Ga) or EtOH (Ga or Fe; i.e. without buffer) with 18F- target water at 80 °C/10 min lead to high radiochemical incorporation (radiochemical yields 60-80% at 1 mg/mL, or ∼1.5 μM, concentration of the precursor). While the [Fe18F(n-NODP)] is unstable (loss of 18F-) in both H2O/EtOH and PBS/EtOH (PBS = phosphate buffered saline), the [Ga18F(Bn-NODP)] radioproduct shows excellent stability, RCP = 99% at t = 4 h (RCP = radiochemical purity) when formulated in 90%:10% H2O/EtOH and ca. 95% RCP over 4 h when formulated in 90%:10% PBS/EtOH. This indicates that the new "GaIII(Bn-NODP)" moiety is a considerably superior fluoride binding scaffold than the previously reported [Ga18F(Bn-NODA)] (Bn-NODA = 1-benzyl-4,7-dicarboxylate-1,4,7-triazacyclononane), which undergoes rapid and complete hydrolysis in PBS/EtOH (refer to Chem. Eur. J. 2015, 21, 4688-4694).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle
E. Runacres
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria K. Greenacre
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Dyke
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Grigg
- GE
HealthCare, Pollards Wood, Nightingales Lane, Chalfont
St. Giles, Buckinghamshire HP8 4SP, United Kingdom
| | - George Herbert
- GE
HealthCare, Pollards Wood, Nightingales Lane, Chalfont
St. Giles, Buckinghamshire HP8 4SP, United Kingdom
| | - William Levason
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme McRobbie
- GE
HealthCare, Pollards Wood, Nightingales Lane, Chalfont
St. Giles, Buckinghamshire HP8 4SP, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Reid
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jussing E, Ferrat M, Moein MM, Alfredéen H, Tegnebratt T, Bratteby K, Samén E, Feldwisch J, Altena R, Axelsson R, Tran TA. Optimized, automated and cGMP-compliant synthesis of the HER2 targeting [ 68Ga]Ga-ABY-025 tracer. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2023; 8:41. [PMID: 37991639 PMCID: PMC10665286 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Affibody molecule, ABY-025, has demonstrated utility to detect human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in vivo, either radiolabelled with indium-111 (111In) or gallium-68 (68Ga). Using the latter, 68Ga, is preferred due to its use in positron emission tomography with superior resolution and quantifying capabilities in the clinical setting compared to 111In. For an ongoing phase II study (NCT05619016) evaluating ABY-025 for detecting HER2-low lesions and selection of patients for HER2-targeted treatment, the aim was to optimize an automated and cGMP-compliant radiosynthesis of [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025. [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025 was produced on a synthesis module, Modular-Lab PharmTracer (Eckert & Ziegler), commonly used for 68Ga-labelings. The radiotracer has previously been radiolabeled on this module, but to streamline the production, the method was optimized. Steps requiring manual interactions to the radiolabeling procedure were minimized including a convenient and automated pre-concentration of the 68Ga-eluate and a simplified automated final formulation procedure. Every part of the radiopharmaceutical production was carefully developed to gain robustness and to avoid any operator bound variations to the manufacturing. The optimized production method was successfully applied for 68Ga-labeling of another radiotracer, verifying its versatility as a universal and robust method for radiosynthesis of Affibody-based peptides. RESULTS A simplified and optimized automated cGMP-compliant radiosynthesis method of [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025 was developed. With a decay corrected radiochemical yield of 44 ± 2%, a radiochemical purity (RCP) of 98 ± 1%, and with an RCP stability of 98 ± 1% at 2 h after production, the method was found highly reproducible. The production method also showed comparable results when implemented for radiolabeling another similar peptide. CONCLUSION The improvements made for the radiosynthesis of [68Ga]Ga-ABY-025, including introducing a pre-concentration of the 68Ga-eluate, aimed to utilize the full potential of the 68Ge/68Ga generator radioactivity output, thereby reducing radioactivity wastage. Furthermore, reducing the number of manually performed preparative steps prior to the radiosynthesis, not only minimized the risk of potential human/operator errors but also enhanced the process' robustness. The successful application of this optimized radiosynthesis method to another similar peptide underscores its versatility, suggesting that our method can be adopted for 68Ga-labeling radiotracers based on Affibody molecules in general. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT, NCT05619016, Registered 7 November 2022, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05619016?term=HER2&cond=ABY025&rank=1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Jussing
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mélodie Ferrat
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad M Moein
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Alfredéen
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tetyana Tegnebratt
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klas Bratteby
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Samén
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Renske Altena
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rimma Axelsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thuy A Tran
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu J, Guo X, Wen L, Wang L, Liu F, Song G, Zhu H, Zhou N, Yang Z. Comparison of renal clearance of [ 18F]AlF-RESCA-HER2-BCH and [ 18F]AlF-NOTA-HER2-BCH in mice and breast cancer patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:2775-2786. [PMID: 37093312 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A novel HER2 affibody-based molecular probe, [18F]AlF-RESCA-HER2-BCH, was developed for reducing renal uptake, evaluated, and compared with [18F]AlF-NOTA-HER2-BCH. METHODS In preclinical studies, micro-PET/CT was performed using HER2-positive gastric cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDX) model at 0.5-1 (dynamic), 2, 4, and 6 h post-injection. For blocking experiment, 0.5 mg cold affibody was co-injected with probes. Biodistribution were performed on HER2-positive PDX models at 2 h post-injection. For clinical study, PET/CT images were acquired at 2 h and 4 h after injection of 231.29 ± 17.77 MBq [18F]AlF-NOTA-HER2-BCH or [18F]AlF-RESCA-HER2-BCH in five breast cancer patients (4 HER2-positive and 1 HER2-low). Standardized uptake values (SUVs) were measured in tumors and source-organs for semi-quantitative analysis. The OLINDA/EXM software (version 1.2) was used to calculate the radiation doses. RESULTS [18F]AlF-NOTA-HER2-BCH and [18F]AlF-RESCA-HER2-BCH were stably labeled with [18F]F, with high binding specificity and affinity to HER2. Micro-PET/CT of both tracers could clearly visualize HER2-positive PDX tumors with high uptake of 16.24 ± 1.74% ID/g and 14.39 ± 2.45% ID/g at 2 h post-injection. The renal accumulation of [18F]AlF-RESCA-HER2-BCH was significantly lower than that of [18F]AlF-NOTA-HER2-BCH (5.16 ± 0.22% ID/g vs. 158.73 ± 5.44% ID/g at 2 h, p < 0.0001). In the clinical study, both [18F]AlF-NOTA-HER2-BCH and [18F]AlF-RESCA-HER2-BCH demonstrated favorable tumor targeting and image contrast. [18F]AlF-RESCA-HER2-BCH showed a higher SUVmax in both primary tumor and metastases, and a significantly higher target-to-nontarget ratio in metastases than [18F]AlF-NOTA-HER2-BCH. Moreover, [18F]AlF-RESCA-HER2-BCH had lower renal accumulation (43.56 ± 7.88 vs. 79.81 ± 3.81 at 2 h, p < 0.0001; 33.23 ± 6.89 vs. 78.63 ± 4.00 at 4 h, p < 0.0001) as well as a significantly lower renal absorbed dose than [18F]AlF-NOTA-HER2-BCH (0.4450 ± 0.1117 mGy/MBq vs. 0.8030 ± 0.1604 mGy/MBq, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS [18F]AlF-RESCA-HER2-BCH tended to provide better image contrast than [18F]AlF-NOTA-HER2-BCH with a higher target-to-nontarget ratio in detection of metastases. Notably, [18F]AlF-RESCA-HER2-BCH had lower renal accumulation than [18F]AlF-NOTA-HER2-BCH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wen
- Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Futao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Guohong Song
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Nina Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Radiochemistry with {Al18F}2+: Current status and optimization perspectives for efficient radiofluorination by complexation. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
7
|
Manafi-Farid R, Ataeinia B, Ranjbar S, Jamshidi Araghi Z, Moradi MM, Pirich C, Beheshti M. ImmunoPET: Antibody-Based PET Imaging in Solid Tumors. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:916693. [PMID: 35836956 PMCID: PMC9273828 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.916693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a molecular imaging modality combining the high sensitivity of PET with the specific targeting ability of monoclonal antibodies. Various radioimmunotracers have been successfully developed to target a broad spectrum of molecules expressed by malignant cells or tumor microenvironments. Only a few are translated into clinical studies and barely into clinical practices. Some drawbacks include slow radioimmunotracer kinetics, high physiologic uptake in lymphoid organs, and heterogeneous activity in tumoral lesions. Measures are taken to overcome the disadvantages, and new tracers are being developed. In this review, we aim to mention the fundamental components of immunoPET imaging, explore the groundbreaking success achieved using this new technique, and review different radioimmunotracers employed in various solid tumors to elaborate on this relatively new imaging modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Manafi-Farid
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Ataeinia
- Department of Radiology, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shaghayegh Ranjbar
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Zahra Jamshidi Araghi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mobin Moradi
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christian Pirich
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mohsen Beheshti
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- *Correspondence: Mohsen Beheshti ; orcid.org/0000-0003-3918-3812
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han J, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Zhao X, Zhang J, Wang J, Zhang Z. Pre-Clinical Study of the [ 18F]AlF-Labeled HER2 Affibody for Non-Invasive HER2 Detection in Gastric Cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:803005. [PMID: 35252244 PMCID: PMC8890119 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.803005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an important biomarker in gastric cancer (GC) and directly influences the therapeutic effect. Fluorine is firmly bound to Al3+ forming [18F]AlF-1,4,7-triazacyclononanetriacetic acid (NOTA)-HER2 affibody is a promising radiolabeled tracer that can monitor the changes of HER2 expression combining the advantages of simple preparation and the properties of 18F. The aim of this study was to develop a quick method for the synthesis of [18F]AlF-NOTA-HER2 affibody and evaluate its utility for HER2+ GC imaging in mouse models. Moreover, 68Ga-NOTA-HER2 affibody imaging was also performed to highlight the superiority of [18F]AlF-NOTA-HER2 affibody imaging in resolution. The HER2 affibody was conjugated with NOTA and labeled using 18F based on the complexation of [18F]AlF by NOTA. Its quality control and stability were performed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The molecular specificity and binding affinity of the novel radiotracer were evaluated in the GC cell line with HER2 overexpression (NCI-N87) and negative expression (MKN74). Distribution studies and PET/CT imaging were performed in mouse models. 68Ga-NOTA-HER2 affibody PET/CT imaging was also performed. [18F]AlF-NOTA-HER2 affibody was efficiently prepared within 30 min with a non-decay-corrected maximum yield of 32.69% and a radiochemical purity of more than 98%. [18F]AlF-NOTA-HER2 affibody was highly stable in incubation medium for 4 h in vitro and in the blood of nude mice at 30 min post-injection (p.i.). In vitro studies revealed specific binding and high binding affinity of the probe in NCI-N87 cells, while no binding was seen in MKN74 cells. PET imaging showed that NCI-N87 xenografts were differentiated from MKN74 xenografts with excellent contrast and low abdominal background, which was confirmed by the distribution results. High-level accumulation of the [18F]AlF-NOTA-HER2 affibody in HER2+ tumors was blocked by excess unlabeled NOTA-HER2 affibody. [18F]AlF-NOTA-HER2 affibody has a higher image resolution than that of 68Ga-NOTA-HER2 affibody. [18F]AlF-NOTA-HER2 affibody could be produced facilely with high radiochemical yield and may serve as a novel molecular probe with tremendous clinical potential for the non-invasive whole-body detection of the HER2 status in GC with good image contrast and resolution. This method could provide an in vivo understanding of GC biology that will ultimately guide the accurate diagnosis and treatment of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Han
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinming Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Drug Resistance, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingmian Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhaoqi Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Review: Radionuclide Molecular Imaging Targeting HER2 in Breast Cancer with a Focus on Molecular Probes into Clinical Trials and Small Peptides. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216482. [PMID: 34770887 PMCID: PMC8588233 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most frequently occurring cancer worldwide, breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. The overexpression of HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) is found in about 15% of BC patients, and it is often associated with a poor prognosis due to the effect on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival. As a result of the heterogeneity of BC, molecular imaging with HER2 probes can non-invasively, in real time, and quantitatively reflect the expression status of HER2 in tumors. This will provide a new approach for patients to choose treatment options and monitor treatment response. Furthermore, radionuclide molecular imaging has the potential of repetitive measurements, and it can help solve the problem of heterogeneous expression and conversion of HER2 status during disease progression or treatment. Different imaging probes of targeting proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments, nanobodies, and affibodies, are currently in preclinical and clinical development. Moreover, in recent years, HER2-specific peptides have been widely developed for molecular imaging techniques for HER2-positive cancers. This article summarized different types of molecular probes targeting HER2 used in current clinical applications and the developmental trend of some HER2-specific peptides.
Collapse
|
10
|
Archibald SJ, Allott L. The aluminium-[ 18F]fluoride revolution: simple radiochemistry with a big impact for radiolabelled biomolecules. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2021; 6:30. [PMID: 34436693 PMCID: PMC8390636 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-021-00141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aluminium-[18F]fluoride ([18F]AlF) radiolabelling method combines the favourable decay characteristics of fluorine-18 with the convenience and familiarity of metal-based radiochemistry and has been used to parallel gallium-68 radiopharmaceutical developments. As such, the [18F]AlF method is popular and widely implemented in the development of radiopharmaceuticals for the clinic. In this review, we capture the current status of [18F]AlF-based technology and reflect upon its impact on nuclear medicine, as well as offering our perspective on what the future holds for this unique radiolabelling method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Archibald
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.,Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Castle Hill Hospital, Castle Road, Cottingham, HU16 5JQ, UK
| | - Louis Allott
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. .,Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Castle Hill Hospital, Castle Road, Cottingham, HU16 5JQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gower-Fry L, Kronemann T, Dorian A, Pu Y, Jaworski C, Wängler C, Bartenstein P, Beyer L, Lindner S, Jurkschat K, Wängler B, Bailey JJ, Schirrmacher R. Recent Advances in the Clinical Translation of Silicon Fluoride Acceptor (SiFA) 18F-Radiopharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070701. [PMID: 34358127 PMCID: PMC8309031 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of silicon fluoride acceptor (SiFA) moieties into a variety of molecules, such as peptides, proteins and biologically relevant small molecules, has improved the generation of 18F-radiopharmaceuticals for medical imaging. The efficient isotopic exchange radiofluorination process, in combination with the enhanced [18F]SiFA in vivo stability, make it a suitable strategy for fluorine-18 incorporation. This review will highlight the clinical applicability of [18F]SiFA-labeled compounds and discuss the significant radiotracers currently in clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lexi Gower-Fry
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Travis Kronemann
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Andreas Dorian
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Yinglan Pu
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Carolin Jaworski
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Leonie Beyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.B.); (L.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Klaus Jurkschat
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany;
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Justin J. Bailey
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department of Oncology, Division of Oncological Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (L.G.-F.); (T.K.); (A.D.); (Y.P.); (C.J.); (J.J.B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Scroggie KR, Perkins MV, Chalker JM. Reaction of [ 18F]Fluoride at Heteroatoms and Metals for Imaging of Peptides and Proteins by Positron Emission Tomography. Front Chem 2021; 9:687678. [PMID: 34249861 PMCID: PMC8262615 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.687678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to radiolabel proteins with [18F]fluoride enables the use of positron emission tomography (PET) for the early detection, staging and diagnosis of disease. The direct fluorination of native proteins through C-F bond formation is, however, a difficult task. The aqueous environments required by proteins severely hampers fluorination yields while the dry, organic solvents that promote nucleophilic fluorination can denature proteins. To circumvent these issues, indirect fluorination methods making use of prosthetic groups that are first fluorinated and then conjugated to a protein have become commonplace. But, when it comes to the radiofluorination of proteins, these indirect methods are not always suited to the short half-life of the fluorine-18 radionuclide (110 min). This review explores radiofluorination through bond formation with fluoride at boron, metal complexes, silicon, phosphorus and sulfur. The potential for these techniques to be used for the direct, aqueous radiolabeling of proteins with [18F]fluoride is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justin M. Chalker
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhou Z, Meshaw R, Zalutsky MR, Vaidyanathan G. Site-Specific and Residualizing Linker for 18F Labeling with Enhanced Renal Clearance: Application to an Anti-HER2 Single-Domain Antibody Fragment. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:1624-1630. [PMID: 33637584 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.261446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-domain antibody fragments (sdAbs) are promising vectors for immuno-PET; however, better methods for labeling sdAbs with 18F are needed. Herein, we evaluate a site-specific strategy using an 18F residualizing motif and the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) sdAb 5F7 bearing an engineered C-terminal GGC tail (5F7GGC). Methods: 5F7GGC was site-specifically attached with a tetrazine-bearing agent via thiol-maleimide reaction. The resultant conjugate was labeled with 18F by inverse electron demand Diels-Alder cycloaddition with a trans-cyclooctene attached to 6-18F-fluoronicotinoyl moiety via a renal brush border enzyme-cleavable linker and a PEG4 chain (18F-5F7GGC). For comparisons, 5F7 sdAb was labeled using the prototypical residualizing agent, N-succinimidyl 3-(guanidinomethyl)-5-125I-iodobenzoate (iso-125I-SGMIB). The 2 labeled sdAbs were compared in paired-label studies performed in the HER2-expressing BT474M1 breast carcinoma cell line and athymic mice bearing BT474M1 subcutaneous xenografts. Small-animal PET/CT imaging after administration of 18F-5F7GGC in the above mouse model was also performed. Results: 18F-5F7GGC was synthesized in an overall radiochemical yield of 8.9% ± 3.2% with retention of HER2 binding affinity and immunoreactivity. The total cell-associated and intracellular activity for 18F-5F7GGC was similar to that for coincubated iso-125I-SGMIB-5F7. Likewise, the uptake of 18F-5F7GGC in BT474M1 xenografts in mice was similar to that for iso-125I-SGMIB-5F7; however, 18F-5F7GGC exhibited significantly more rapid clearance from the kidney. Small-animal PET/CT imaging confirmed high uptake and retention in the tumor with very little background activity at 3 h except in the bladder. Conclusion: This site-specific and residualizing 18F-labeling strategy could facilitate clinical translation of 5F7 anti-HER2 sdAb as well as other sdAbs for immuno-PET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca Meshaw
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tissue distribution of intravenously administrated poly-arginine peptide R18D in healthy male Sprague–Dawley rats. FUTURE DRUG DISCOVERY 2020. [DOI: 10.4155/fdd-2019-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: R18D is a poly-arginine peptide that has demonstrated neuroprotection in preclinical models of excitotoxicity, stroke, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and traumatic brain injury. Here, we examined the peptide’s uptake in serum. Materials & methods: Healthy, male Sprague–Dawley rats were intravenously administered either 1000 nmol/kg R18D (D-enantiomer of R18) or approximately 2.5 nmol/kg (36 ± 9 MBq) [18F]R18D, for serum and organ tissue uptake, respectively. Serum samples underwent mass spectrometric analysis to detect unbound R18D peptide. Animals administered [18F]R18D were subjected to positron emission tomography imaging. Results & conclusion: Free R18D was detected at 5 min post-infusion in serum samples. [18F]R18D was rapidly distributed to the kidney (6–7%ID/g), and a small fraction localized to the brain (0.115–0.123%ID/g) over a 60-min acquisition period.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wei W, Rosenkrans ZT, Liu J, Huang G, Luo QY, Cai W. ImmunoPET: Concept, Design, and Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:3787-3851. [PMID: 32202104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a paradigm-shifting molecular imaging modality combining the superior targeting specificity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) and the inherent sensitivity of PET technique. A variety of radionuclides and mAbs have been exploited to develop immunoPET probes, which has been driven by the development and optimization of radiochemistry and conjugation strategies. In addition, tumor-targeting vectors with a short circulation time (e.g., Nanobody) or with an enhanced binding affinity (e.g., bispecific antibody) are being used to design novel immunoPET probes. Accordingly, several immunoPET probes, such as 89Zr-Df-pertuzumab and 89Zr-atezolizumab, have been successfully translated for clinical use. By noninvasively and dynamically revealing the expression of heterogeneous tumor antigens, immunoPET imaging is gradually changing the theranostic landscape of several types of malignancies. ImmunoPET is the method of choice for imaging specific tumor markers, immune cells, immune checkpoints, and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the integration of immunoPET imaging in antibody drug development is of substantial significance because it provides pivotal information regarding antibody targeting abilities and distribution profiles. Herein, we present the latest immunoPET imaging strategies and their preclinical and clinical applications. We also emphasize current conjugation strategies that can be leveraged to develop next-generation immunoPET probes. Lastly, we discuss practical considerations to tune the development and translation of immunoPET imaging strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Affibody Molecules as Targeting Vectors for PET Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030651. [PMID: 32168760 PMCID: PMC7139392 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Affibody molecules are small (58 amino acids) engineered scaffold proteins that can be selected to bind to a large variety of proteins with a high affinity. Their small size and high affinity make them attractive as targeting vectors for molecular imaging. High-affinity affibody binders have been selected for several cancer-associated molecular targets. Preclinical studies have shown that radiolabeled affibody molecules can provide highly specific and sensitive imaging on the day of injection; however, for a few targets, imaging on the next day further increased the imaging sensitivity. A phase I/II clinical trial showed that 68Ga-labeled affibody molecules permit an accurate and specific measurement of HER2 expression in breast cancer metastases. This paper provides an overview of the factors influencing the biodistribution and targeting properties of affibody molecules and the chemistry of their labeling using positron emitters.
Collapse
|
17
|
Iveson PB, Glaser M, Indrevoll B, Shales J, Mantzilas D, Omtvedt L, Luthra SK, Hiscock D, Grigg J. FASTlab Radiosynthesis of the 18 F-labelled HER2-binding Affibody molecule [ 18 F]GE-226. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:925-932. [PMID: 31339589 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An 18 F-labelled human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) receptor binding radiotracer is a potential tool to non-invasively identify HER2 positive tumour lesions in subjects with recurrent metastatic breast cancer. Having explored the manual radiochemistry to conjugate the Affibody molecule ZHER2:2891 with [18 F]4-fluorobenzaldehyde, we have developed and optimised a full protocol for the automated GE FASTlab synthesiser. Our chemometric model predicted the best radiochemical purity for a short conjugation time (2.8 minutes), a low temperature (65°C), and a medium Affibody molecule precursor amount (5.5 mg). Under these optimised conditions, [18 F]GE-226 was produced after solid-phase extraction purification with activity yield of 30% ± 7 (n = 18) and a radiochemical purity of 94% ± 2 (n = 18). The synthesis and purification was complete after 43 minutes and provided apparent molar activities of 12 to 30 GBq/μmol (n = 12) at the end of synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Iveson
- Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, GE Healthcare, Chalfont St. Giles, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Matthias Glaser
- Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, GE Healthcare, Chalfont St. Giles, Buckinghamshire, UK.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine-Radiochemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bard Indrevoll
- Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, GE Healthcare, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonathan Shales
- Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, GE Healthcare, Chalfont St. Giles, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | | | - Lone Omtvedt
- Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, GE Healthcare, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sajinder K Luthra
- Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, GE Healthcare, Chalfont St. Giles, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Duncan Hiscock
- Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, GE Healthcare, Chalfont St. Giles, Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Julian Grigg
- Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, GE Healthcare, Chalfont St. Giles, Buckinghamshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xu Y, Wang L, Pan D, Yu C, Mi B, Huang Q, Sheng J, Yan J, Wang X, Yang R, Yang M. PET imaging of a 68Ga labeled modified HER2 affibody in breast cancers: from xenografts to patients. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20190425. [PMID: 31593482 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) in breast cancers provides promising opportunities for imaging and targeted therapy. Developing HER2 targeted positron emission tomography (PET) probes might be benefit for management of the disease. Small high-affinity scaffold proteins, affibodies, are ideal vectors for imaging HER2 overexpressed tumors. Despite of the initial success on development of 18F labeled ZHER2:342 affibody, the tedious synthesis producers, low yields and unfavorable pharmacokinetics may hinder the clinical use. 68Ga is an attractive positron emitter for PET imaging. A simple preparation of 68Ga labeled ZHER2:342 analog, 68Ga-NOTA-MAL-Cys-MZHER2:342, was reported in the study. The in vivo performances of the tracer for assessing HER2 status in breast cancers were also evaluated. METHODS NOTA-MAL conjugated Cys-MZHER2:342 was radiolabeled with 68Ga. The probe was evaluated by in vitro tests including stability and cell binding studies in breast cancer cells with different HER2 levels. In vivo evaluation was performed in mice bearing tumors using microPET imaging and biodistribution experiments. A PET/CT imaging study was initially performed in patients with breast cancers. RESULTS The tracer was synthesized in a straightforward chelation method with satisfactory non-decay corrected yield (81±5%) and radiochemical purity (>95%). In vivo micro-PET imaging showed that HER2 high levels expressed BT474 xenografts were more clear visualized than HER2 low levels expressed MCF-7 tumors (16.12 ± 2.69 ID%/g vs 1.32 ± 0.19 ID%/g at 1 h post-injection). The outcome was consistent with the immunohistochemical analysis. No significant radioactivity was accumulated in healthy tissues (less than 2% ID/g) except kidneys. In a preliminary clinical study, 68Ga-NOTA-MAL-Cys-MZHER2:342 PET imaging allowed more high-contrast detection of HER2 positive primary tumors (maximum standardized uptake value = 2.16±0.27) than those in HER2 negative primary focus (maximum standardized uptake value = 0.32±0.05). No detectable side-effects were found. CONCLUSION In summary, this study indicates the significant efficiency of the 68Ga labeled HER2 affibody. Preclinical and clinical studies support the possibility of monitoring HER2 levels in breast cancers using 68Ga-NOTA-MAL-Cys-MZHER2:342. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE The research investigated the feasibility of a 68Ga labeled HER2 affibody modified with a hydrophilic linker for breast cancer PET imaging. Favorable outcomes showed that the probe might be valuable for determining HER2 status of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214063, China.,Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214063, China
| | - Donghui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214063, China
| | - Chunjing Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi No. 4 People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214062, China
| | - Baoming Mi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi No. 4 People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214062, China
| | - Qianhuan Huang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214063, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214063, China
| | - Runlin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214063, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214063, China.,Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fersing C, Bouhlel A, Cantelli C, Garrigue P, Lisowski V, Guillet B. A Comprehensive Review of Non-Covalent Radiofluorination Approaches Using Aluminum [ 18F]fluoride: Will [ 18F]AlF Replace 68Ga for Metal Chelate Labeling? Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162866. [PMID: 31394799 PMCID: PMC6719958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its ideal physical properties, fluorine-18 turns out to be a key radionuclide for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, for both preclinical and clinical applications. However, usual biomolecules radiofluorination procedures require the formation of covalent bonds with fluorinated prosthetic groups. This drawback makes radiofluorination impractical for routine radiolabeling, gallium-68 appearing to be much more convenient for the labeling of chelator-bearing PET probes. In response to this limitation, a recent expansion of the 18F chemical toolbox gave aluminum [18F]fluoride chemistry a real prominence since the late 2000s. This approach is based on the formation of an [18F][AlF]2+ cation, complexed with a 9-membered cyclic chelator such as NOTA, NODA or their analogs. Allowing a one-step radiofluorination in an aqueous medium, this technique combines fluorine-18 and non-covalent radiolabeling with the advantage of being very easy to implement. Since its first reports, [18F]AlF radiolabeling approach has been applied to a wide variety of potential PET imaging vectors, whether of peptidic, proteic, or small molecule structure. Most of these [18F]AlF-labeled tracers showed promising preclinical results and have reached the clinical evaluation stage for some of them. The aim of this report is to provide a comprehensive overview of [18F]AlF labeling applications through a description of the various [18F]AlF-labeled conjugates, from their radiosynthesis to their evaluation as PET imaging agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Fersing
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France.
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), University of Montpellier, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France.
| | - Ahlem Bouhlel
- CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Cantelli
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier Cancer Institute (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 34093 Montpellier CEDEX, France
| | - Philippe Garrigue
- CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, 13385 Marseille, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Lisowski
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 34093 Montpellier CEDEX, France
| | - Benjamin Guillet
- CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Centre de recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Aix-Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRA 1260, 13385 Marseille, France
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), 13385 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of the Fibrin-Binding Cyclic Peptide 18F-iCREKA: Comparison with Its Contrasted Linear Peptide. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2019:6315954. [PMID: 31346326 PMCID: PMC6620859 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6315954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala (CREKA) is a pentapeptide which can target fibrin-fibronectin complexes. Our previous study has built a probe called iCREKA which was based on CREKA and has proved the feasibility and specificity of iCREKA by the fluorescence experiment. The purpose of this study is to achieve the 18F-labeled iCREKA and make preclinical evaluation of the 18F-iCREKA with comparison of its contrasted linear peptide (LP). Methods CREKA, LP, and iCREKA were labeled by the Al18F labeling method, respectively. These 18F-labeled peptides were evaluated by the radiochemistry, binding affinity, in vitro stability, in vivo stability, micro-PET imaging, and biodistribution tests. Results 18F-NOTA-iCREKA was stable both in vitro and in vivo. However, 18F-NOTA-CREKA and 18F-NOTA-LP were both unstable. The FITC or 18F-labeled iCREKA could be abundantly discovered only in matrix metalloproteinases- (MMPs-) 2/9 highly expressed U87MG cells, while the FITC or 18F-labeled LP could also be abundantly discovered in MMP-2/9 lowly expressed Caov3 cells. Biodistribution and micropositron emission tomography (PET) imaging revealed that the U87MG xenografts showed a higher uptake of 18F-NOTA-iCREKA than 18F-NOTA-LP while the Caov3 xenografts showed very low uptake of both 18F-NOTA-iCREKA and 18F-NOTA-LP. The tumor-to-muscle (T/M) ratio of 18F-NOTA-iCREKA (9.93 ± 0.42) was obviously higher than 18F-NOTA-LP (2.69 ± 0.35) in U87MG xenografts. Conclusions The novel CREKA-based probe 18F-NOTA-iCREKA could get a high uptake in U87MG cells and high T/M ratio in U87MG mice. It was more stable and specific than the 18F-NOTA-LP.
Collapse
|
21
|
Venkatachalam TK, Stimson DHR, Bhalla R, Mardon K, Bernhardt PV, Reutens DC. Synthesis of 18 F-radiolabeled diphenyl gallium dithiosemicarbazone using a novel halogen exchange method and in vivo biodistribution. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:321-331. [PMID: 31042810 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
18 F-radiolabeled diphenyl gallium thiosemicarbazone was prepared by [18 F] fluoride exchange of a nitrato anion under mild conditions. The diphenyl gallium thiosemicarbazone chloride is easily prepared in gram quantities and can be used at room temperature in the presence of oxygen. The corresponding nitrate complex is prepared using silver nitrate in methanol solvent and can be stored under nitrogen for weeks before radiolabeling. The biodistribution of this new tracer was studied in mice using positron emission tomography (PET).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Damion H R Stimson
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rajiv Bhalla
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karine Mardon
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David C Reutens
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Blower PJ, Levason W, Luthra SK, McRobbie G, Monzittu FM, Mules TO, Reid G, Subhan MN. Exploring transition metal fluoride chelates - synthesis, properties and prospects towards potential PET probes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6767-6776. [PMID: 31017131 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03696a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The coordination chemistry of the first row transition metal trifluorides with terpy (2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) and Me3-tacn (1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) was explored to identify potential systems for 18F radiolabelling. The complexes [MF3(L)] (M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co; L = Me3-tacn, terpy) were synthesised and fully characterised by UV-vis and IR spectroscopy, microanalysis, and, for the diamagnetic [CoF3(L)], using 1H, 19F{1H} and 59Co NMR spectroscopy. Single crystal X-ray analyses are reported for [MF3(Me3-tacn)] (M = Mn, Co), [FeF3(terpy)] and [FeF3(BnMe2-tacn)]. Stability tests on [MF3(Me3-tacn)] (M = Cr, Mn, Fe) and [M'F3(terpy)] (M' = Cr, Fe) were performed and Cl/19F halide exchange reactions on [CrCl3(Me3-tacn)] using [Me4N]F in anhydrous MeCN solution, and [FeCl3(Me3-tacn)] using [Me4N]F in anhydrous MeCN or KF in aqueous MeCN solution were also carried out. Halide exchange reactions proved to be successful in forming [FeF3(Me3-tacn)] in aqueous MeCN solution within 30 minutes. Based upon the clean Cl/F exchange and the good stability observed for [FeF3(Me3-tacn)] in a range of competitive media, this was identified as a possible candidate for radiolabelling. 18F/19F isotopic exchange was achieved by addition of [18F]F- in the cyclotron target water to a MeCN solution of the benzyl-substituted analogue, [FeF3(BnMe2-tacn)], at a range of concentrations down to 24 nM with heating to 80 °C for 10 min.; the resulting [Fe18F19F2(BnMe2-tacn)] shows radiochemical purity (RCP) ≥90% after 2 h in a range of formulations, including 10% EtOH/phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and 10% EtOH/human serum albumin (HSA). This is the first reported complex with a transition metal directly bonded to [18F]F-.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jeppesen TE, Kristensen LK, Nielsen CH, Petersen LC, Kristensen JB, Behrens C, Madsen J, Kjaer A. Oxime Coupling of Active Site Inhibited Factor Seven with a Nonvolatile, Water-Soluble Fluorine-18 Labeled Aldehyde. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:775-784. [PMID: 30676028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A nonvolatile fluorine-18 aldehyde prosthetic group was developed from [18F]SFB, and used for site-specific labeling of active site inhibited factor VII (FVIIai). FVIIai has a high affinity for tissue factor (TF), a transmembrane protein involved in angiogenesis, proliferation, cell migration, and survival of cancer cells. A hydroxylamine N-glycan modified FVIIai (FVIIai-ONH2) was used for oxime coupling with the aldehyde [18F]2 under mild and optimized conditions in an isolated RCY of 4.7 ± 0.9%, and a synthesis time of 267 ± 5 min (from EOB). Retained binding and specificity of the resulting [18F]FVIIai to TF was shown in vitro. TF-expression imaging capability was evaluated by in vivo PET/CT imaging in a pancreatic human xenograft cancer mouse model. The conjugate showed exceptional stability in plasma (>95% at 4 h) and a binding fraction of 90%. In vivo PET/CT imaging showed a mean tumor uptake of 3.8 ± 0.2% ID/g at 4 h post-injection, a comparable uptake in liver and kidneys, and low uptake in normal tissues. In conclusion, FVIIai was labeled with fluorine-18 at the N-glycan chain without affecting TF binding. In vitro specificity and a good in vivo imaging contrast at 4 h postinjection was demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Troels E Jeppesen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , DK-2100 , Denmark
| | - Lotte K Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , DK-2100 , Denmark.,Minerva Imaging ApS , Copenhagen , DK-2200 , Denmark
| | - Carsten H Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , DK-2100 , Denmark.,Minerva Imaging ApS , Copenhagen , DK-2200 , Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Jacob Madsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , DK-2100 , Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , DK-2100 , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fu R, Carroll L, Yahioglu G, Aboagye EO, Miller PW. Antibody Fragment and Affibody ImmunoPET Imaging Agents: Radiolabelling Strategies and Applications. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2466-2478. [PMID: 30246488 PMCID: PMC6587488 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies have long been recognised as potent vectors for carrying diagnostic medical radionuclides, contrast agents and optical probes to diseased tissue for imaging. The area of ImmunoPET combines the use of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with antibodies to improve the diagnosis, staging and monitoring of diseases. Recent developments in antibody engineering and PET radiochemistry have led to a new wave of experimental ImmunoPET imaging agents that are based on a range of antibody fragments and affibodies. In contrast to full antibodies, engineered affibody proteins and antibody fragments such as minibodies, diabodies, single-chain variable region fragments (scFvs), and nanobodies are much smaller but retain the essential specificities and affinities of full antibodies in addition to more desirable pharmacokinetics for imaging. Herein, recent key developments in the PET radiolabelling strategies of antibody fragments and related affibody molecules are highlighted, along with the main PET imaging applications of overexpressed antigen-associated tumours and immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruisi Fu
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonExhibition RoadSouth Kensington, LondonSW7 2AZUK
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College London, Hammersmith CampusDu Cane RoadLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Laurence Carroll
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College London, Hammersmith CampusDu Cane RoadLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Gokhan Yahioglu
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonExhibition RoadSouth Kensington, LondonSW7 2AZUK
- Antikor Biopharma Ltd.StevenageSG1 2FXUK
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College London, Hammersmith CampusDu Cane RoadLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Philip W. Miller
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonExhibition RoadSouth Kensington, LondonSW7 2AZUK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Site-Specific Labeling of F-18 Proteins Using a Supplemented Cell-Free Protein Synthesis System and O-2-[18F]Fluoroethyl-L-Tyrosine: [18F]FET-HER2 Affibody Molecule. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 21:529-537. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
26
|
Basuli F, Zhang X, Williams MR, Seidel J, Green MV, Choyke PL, Swenson RE, Jagoda EM. One-pot synthesis and biodistribution of fluorine-18 labeled serum albumin for vascular imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 62-63:63-70. [PMID: 29929114 PMCID: PMC6139435 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Equilibrium single-photon radionuclide imaging methods for assessing cardiac function and the integrity of the vascular system have long been in use for both clinical and research purposes. However, positron-emitting blood pool agents that could provide PET equivalents to these (and other) clinical procedures have not yet been adopted despite technical imaging advantages offered by PET. Our goal was to develop a PET blood pool tracer that not only meets necessary in vivo biological requirements but can be produced with an uncomplicated and rapid synthesis method which would facilitate clinical translation. Herein, albumin labeled with fluorine-18 was synthesized using a one-pot method and evaluated in vitro and in vivo in rats. METHODS A ligand (NODA-Bz-TFPE), containing NODA attached to a tetrafluorophenylester (TFPE) via a phenyl linker (Bz), was labeled with aluminum fluoride (Al[18F]F). Conjugation of the serum albumin with the ligand (Al[18F]F-NODA-Bz-TFPE), followed by purification (size exclusion chromatography), yielded the final product (Al[18F]F-NODA-Bz-RSA/HSA). In vitro stability was evaluated in human serum albumin by HPLC. Rat biodistributions and whole-body PET imaging over a 4 h time course were used for the in vivo evaluation. RESULTS This synthesis exhibited an overall radiochemical yield of 45 ± 10% (n = 30), a 50-min radiolabeling time, a radiochemical purity >99% and apparent stability up to 4 h in human serum. Blood had the highest retention of Al[18F]F-NODA-Bz-RSA at all times with a blood half-life of 5.2 h in rats. Al[18F]F-NODA-Bz-RSA distribution in most rat tissues remained relatively constant for up to 1 h, indicating that the tissue radioactivity content represents the respective tissue plasma volume. Dynamic whole-body PET images were in agreement with these findings. CONCLUSIONS A new ligand has been developed and radiolabeled with Al[18F]F that allows rapid (50-min) preparation of fluorine-18 serum albumin in one-pot. In addition to increased synthetic efficiency, the construct appears to be metabolically stable in rats. This method could encourage wider use of PET to quantify cardiac function and tissue vascular integrity in both research and clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Basuli
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States.
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Mark R Williams
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jurgen Seidel
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Contractor to Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Michael V Green
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Contractor to Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. (formerly SAIC-Frederick, Inc.), NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rolf E Swenson
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Elaine M Jagoda
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kumar K. 18F-AlF-Labeled Biomolecule Conjugates as Imaging Pharmaceuticals. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1208-1209. [PMID: 29880510 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.210609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Morris O, Fairclough M, Grigg J, Prenant C, McMahon A. A review of approaches to 18
F radiolabelling affinity peptides and proteins. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 62:4-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Morris
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; UK
- CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre in Cambridge & Manchester; The University of Manchester; UK
| | - M. Fairclough
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; UK
- CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre in Cambridge & Manchester; The University of Manchester; UK
| | | | - C. Prenant
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; UK
- CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre in Cambridge & Manchester; The University of Manchester; UK
| | - A. McMahon
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre; The University of Manchester; UK
- CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre in Cambridge & Manchester; The University of Manchester; UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tisseraud M, Schulz J, Vimont D, Berlande M, Fernandez P, Hermange P, Fouquet E. Highly hindered 2-(aryl-di-tert-butylsilyl)-N-methyl-imidazoles: a new tool for the aqueous 19F- and 18F-fluorination of biomolecule-based structures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5098-5101. [PMID: 29714374 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01782d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A new class of silicon-based fluoride acceptors with a C-linked heterocycle as the leaving group was synthesized in one step from commercial chemicals, and linked to biomolecules. The resulting conjugates were efficiently 19F-fluorinated in aqueous mixtures, and switching to 18F-labelling provided nucleoside- and peptide-based bioconjugates with excellent molar activities suitable for biological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Tisseraud
- Univ. Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Scroggie KR, Alcock LJ, Matos MJ, Bernardes GJL, Perkins MV, Chalker JM. A silicon‐labelled amino acid suitable for late‐stage fluorination and unexpected oxidative cleavage reactions in the preparation of a key intermediate in the Strecker synthesis. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kymberley R. Scroggie
- Flinders University, College of Science and EngineeringSouth Australia5042 Australia
| | - Lisa J. Alcock
- Flinders University, College of Science and EngineeringSouth Australia5042 Australia
| | - Maria J. Matos
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EW United Kingdom
| | - Gonçalo J. L. Bernardes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EW United Kingdom
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas MonizInstituto de Medicina MolecularLisboa1649‐028 Portugal
| | - Michael V. Perkins
- Flinders University, College of Science and EngineeringSouth Australia5042 Australia
| | - Justin M. Chalker
- Flinders University, College of Science and EngineeringSouth Australia5042 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Oliveira BL, Guo Z, Bernardes GJL. Inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reactions in chemical biology. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:4895-4950. [PMID: 28660957 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00184c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 631] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The emerging inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction stands out from other bioorthogonal reactions by virtue of its unmatchable kinetics, excellent orthogonality and biocompatibility. With the recent discovery of novel dienophiles and optimal tetrazine coupling partners, attention has now been turned to the use of IEDDA approaches in basic biology, imaging and therapeutics. Here we review this bioorthogonal reaction and its promising applications for live cell and animal studies. We first discuss the key factors that contribute to the fast IEDDA kinetics and describe the most recent advances in the synthesis of tetrazine and dienophile coupling partners. Both coupling partners have been incorporated into proteins for tracking and imaging by use of fluorogenic tetrazines that become strongly fluorescent upon reaction. Selected notable examples of such applications are presented. The exceptional fast kinetics of this catalyst-free reaction, even using low concentrations of coupling partners, make it amenable for in vivo radiolabelling using pretargeting methodologies, which are also discussed. Finally, IEDDA reactions have recently found use in bioorthogonal decaging to activate proteins or drugs in gain-of-function strategies. We conclude by showing applications of the IEDDA reaction in the construction of biomaterials that are used for drug delivery and multimodal imaging, among others. The use and utility of the IEDDA reaction is interdisciplinary and promises to revolutionize chemical biology, radiochemistry and materials science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B L Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Z Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - G J L Bernardes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK. and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kumar K, Ghosh A. 18F-AlF Labeled Peptide and Protein Conjugates as Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Pharmaceuticals. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:953-975. [PMID: 29463084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The clinical applications of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging pharmaceuticals have increased tremendously over the past several years since the approval of 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Numerous 18F-labeled target-specific potential imaging pharmaceuticals, based on small and large molecules, have been evaluated in preclinical and clinical settings. 18F-labeling of organic moieties involves the introduction of the radioisotope by C-18F bond formation via a nucleophilic or an electrophilic substitution reaction. However, biomolecules, such as peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides, cannot be radiolabeled via a C-18F bond formation as these reactions involve harsh conditions, including organic solvents, high temperature, and nonphysiological conditions. Several approaches, including 18F-labeled prosthetic groups, silicon, boron, and aluminum fluoride acceptor chemistry, and click chemistry have been developed, in the past, for 18F labeling of biomolecules. Linear and macrocyclic polyaminocarboxylates and their analogs and derivatives form thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert aluminum chelates. Hence, macrocyclic polyaminocarboxylates have been used for conjugation with biomolecules, such as folate, peptides, affibodies, and protein fragments, followed by 18F-AlF chelation, and evaluation of their targeting abilities in preclinical and clinical environments. The goal of this report is to provide an overview of the 18F radiochemistry and 18F-labeling methodologies for small molecules and target-specific biomolecules, a comprehensive review of coordination chemistry of Al3+, 18F-AlF labeling of peptide and protein conjugates, and evaluation of 18F-labeled biomolecule conjugates as potential imaging pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43212 , United States
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43212 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Choi J, Vaidyanathan G, Koumarianou E, Kang CM, Zalutsky MR. Astatine-211 labeled anti-HER2 5F7 single domain antibody fragment conjugates: radiolabeling and preliminary evaluation. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 56:10-20. [PMID: 29031230 PMCID: PMC5732883 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Derived from heavy chain only camelid antibodies, ~15-kDa single-domain antibody fragments (sdAbs) are an attractive platform for developing molecularly specific imaging probes and targeted radiotherapeutics. The rapid tumor accumulation and normal tissue clearance of sdAbs might be ideal for use with 211At, a 7.2-h half-life α-emitter, if appropriate labeling chemistry can be devised to trap 211At in cancer cells after sdAb binding. This study evaluated two reagents, [211At]SAGMB and iso-[211At]SAGMB, for this purpose. METHODS [211At]SAGMB and iso-[211At]SAGMB, and their radioiodinated analogues [131I]SGMIB and iso-[131I]SGMIB, were synthesized by halodestannylation and reacted with the anti-HER2 sdAb 5F7. Radiochemical purity, immunoreactivity and binding affinity were determined. Paired-label internalization assays on HER2-expressing BT474M1 breast carcinoma cells directly compared [131I]SGMIB-5F7/[211At]SAGMB-5F7 and iso-[131I]SGMIB-5F7/iso-[211At]SAGMB-5F7 tandems. The biodistribution of the two tandems was evaluated in SCID mice with subcutaneous BT474M1 xenografts. RESULTS Radiochemical yields for Boc2-iso-[211At]SAGMB and Boc2-[211At]SAGMB synthesis, and efficiencies for coupling of iso-[211At]SAGMB and [211At]SAGMB to 5F7 were similar, with radiochemical purities of [211At]SAGMB-5F7 and iso-[211At]SAGMB-5F7 >98%. iso-[211At]SAGMB-5F7 and [211At]SAGMB-5F7 had immunoreactive fractions >80% and HER2 binding affinities of less than 5 nM. Internalization assays demonstrated high intracellular trapping of radioactivity, with little difference observed between corresponding 211At- and 131I-labeled 5F7 conjugates. Higher BT474M1 intracellular retention was observed from 1-6 h for the iso-conjugates (iso-[211At]SAGMB-5F7, 74.3 ± 2.8%, vs. [211At]SAGMB-5F7, 63.7 ± 0.4% at 2 h) with the opposite behavior observed at 24 h. Peak tumor uptake for iso-[211At]SAGMB-5F7 was 23.4 ± 2.2% ID/g at 4 h, slightly lower than its radioiodinated counterpart, but significantly higher than observed with [211At]SAGMB-5F7. Except in kidneys and lungs, tumor-to-normal organ ratios for iso-[211At]SAGMB-5F7 were greater than 10:1 by 2 h, and significantly higher than those for [211At]SAGMB-5F7. CONCLUSION These 211At-labeled sdAb conjugates, particularly iso-[211At]SAGMB-5F7, warrant further evaluation for targeted α-particle radiotherapy of HER2-expressing cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyeon Choi
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
| | - Ganesan Vaidyanathan
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
| | - Eftychia Koumarianou
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
| | - Choong Mo Kang
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Berke S, Kampmann AL, Wuest M, Bailey JJ, Glowacki B, Wuest F, Jurkschat K, Weberskirch R, Schirrmacher R. 18F-Radiolabeling and In Vivo Analysis of SiFA-Derivatized Polymeric Core–Shell Nanoparticles. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 29:89-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheldon Berke
- Department
of Oncology, University of Alberta, 6820 116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Anne-Larissa Kampmann
- Department
of Oncology, University of Alberta, 6820 116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Melinda Wuest
- Department
of Oncology, University of Alberta, 6820 116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Justin J. Bailey
- Department
of Oncology, University of Alberta, 6820 116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | | | - Frank Wuest
- Department
of Oncology, University of Alberta, 6820 116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | | | | | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department
of Oncology, University of Alberta, 6820 116 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Clark J, O’Hagan D. Strategies for radiolabelling antibody, antibody fragments and affibodies with fluorine-18 as tracers for positron emission tomography (PET). J Fluor Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
36
|
Rugeri B, Audi H, Jewula P, Koudih R, Malacea-Kabbara R, Vimont D, Schulz J, Fernandez P, Jugé S. Designing Silylatedl-Amino Acids using a Wittig Strategy: Synthesis of Peptide Derivatives and18F-Labelling. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Rugeri
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté; ICMUB-OCS (UMR CNRS 6302); 19 avenue A. Savary BP 47870 21078 Dijon CEDEX France
| | - Hassib Audi
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté; ICMUB-OCS (UMR CNRS 6302); 19 avenue A. Savary BP 47870 21078 Dijon CEDEX France
| | - Pawel Jewula
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté; ICMUB-OCS (UMR CNRS 6302); 19 avenue A. Savary BP 47870 21078 Dijon CEDEX France
| | - Radouane Koudih
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté; ICMUB-OCS (UMR CNRS 6302); 19 avenue A. Savary BP 47870 21078 Dijon CEDEX France
| | - Raluca Malacea-Kabbara
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté; ICMUB-OCS (UMR CNRS 6302); 19 avenue A. Savary BP 47870 21078 Dijon CEDEX France
| | - Delphine Vimont
- Department Institut des Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA-UMR CNRS 5287); 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux CEDEX France
| | - Jürgen Schulz
- Department Institut des Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA-UMR CNRS 5287); 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux CEDEX France
| | - Philippe Fernandez
- Department Institut des Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA-UMR CNRS 5287); 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux CEDEX France
| | - Sylvain Jugé
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté; ICMUB-OCS (UMR CNRS 6302); 19 avenue A. Savary BP 47870 21078 Dijon CEDEX France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
González Trotter DE, Meng X, McQuade P, Rubins D, Klimas M, Zeng Z, Connolly BM, Miller PJ, O'Malley SS, Lin SA, Getty KL, Fayadat-Dilman L, Liang L, Wahlberg E, Widmark O, Ekblad C, Frejd FY, Hostetler ED, Evelhoch JL. In Vivo Imaging of the Programmed Death Ligand 1 by 18F PET. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:1852-1857. [PMID: 28588151 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.191718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune regulatory ligand that binds to the T-cell immune check point programmed death 1. Tumor expression of PD-L1 is correlated with immune suppression and poor prognosis. It is also correlated with therapeutic efficacy of programmed death 1 and PD-L1 inhibitors. In vivo imaging may enable real-time follow-up of changing PD-L1 expression and heterogeneity evaluation of PD-L1 expression across tumors in the same subject. We have radiolabeled the PD-L1-binding Affibody molecule NOTA-ZPD-L1_1 with 18F and evaluated its in vitro and in vivo binding affinity, targeting, and specificity. Methods: The affinity of the PD-L1-binding Affibody ligand ZPD-L1_1 was evaluated by surface plasmon resonance. Labeling was accomplished by maleimide coupling of NOTA to a unique cysteine residue and chelation of 18F-AlF. In vivo studies were performed in PD-L1-positive, PD-L1-negative, and mixed tumor-bearing severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Tracer was injected via the tail vein, and dynamic PET scans were acquired for 90 min, followed by γ-counting biodistribution. Immunohistochemical staining with an antibody specific for anti-PD-L1 (22C3) was used to evaluate the tumor distribution of PD-L1. Immunohistochemistry results were then compared with ex vivo autoradiographic images obtained from adjacent tissue sections. Results: NOTA-ZPD-L1_1 was labeled, with a radiochemical yield of 15.1% ± 5.6%, radiochemical purity of 96.7% ± 2.0%, and specific activity of 14.6 ± 6.5 GBq/μmol. Surface plasmon resonance showed a NOTA-conjugated ligand binding affinity of 1 nM. PET imaging demonstrated rapid uptake of tracer in the PD-L1-positive tumor, whereas the PD-L1-negative control tumor showed little tracer retention. Tracer clearance from most organs and blood was quick, with biodistribution showing prominent kidney retention, low liver uptake, and a significant difference between PD-L1-positive (percentage injected dose per gram [%ID/g] = 2.56 ± 0.33) and -negative (%ID/g = 0.32 ± 0.05) tumors (P = 0.0006). Ex vivo autoradiography showed excellent spatial correlation with immunohistochemistry in mixed tumors. Conclusion: Our results show that Affibody ligands can be effective at targeting tumor PD-L1 in vivo, with good specificity and rapid clearance. Future studies will explore methods to reduce kidney activity retention and further increase tumor uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiangjun Meng
- Translational Biomarkers Department, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Paul McQuade
- Translational Biomarkers Department, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Rubins
- Translational Biomarkers Department, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Klimas
- Translational Biomarkers Department, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhizhen Zeng
- Translational Biomarkers Department, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Brett M Connolly
- Translational Biomarkers Department, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Patricia J Miller
- Translational Biomarkers Department, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Stacey S O'Malley
- Translational Biomarkers Department, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Shu-An Lin
- Translational Biomarkers Department, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Krista L Getty
- Screening and Protein Sciences Department, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Linda Liang
- Biologics Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., Palo Alto, California
| | | | | | | | - Fredrik Y Frejd
- Affibody AB, Solna, Sweden; and.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eric D Hostetler
- Translational Biomarkers Department, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey L Evelhoch
- Translational Biomarkers Department, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xu Y, Bai Z, Huang Q, Pan Y, Pan D, Wang L, Yan J, Wang X, Yang R, Yang M. PET of HER2 Expression with a Novel 18FAl Labeled Affibody. J Cancer 2017; 8:1170-1178. [PMID: 28607591 PMCID: PMC5463431 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) is abundant in a wide variety of tumors and associated with the poor prognosis. Radiolabeled affibodies are potential candidates for detecting HER2-positive lesions. However, laborious multiple-step synthetic procedure and high abdomen background may hinder the widespread use. Herein, cysteinylated ZHER2:342 modified with a new hydrophilic linker (denoted as MZHER2:342) was designed and labeled using 18FAl-NOTA strategies. The biologic efficacy of the novel tracer and its feasibilities for in vivo monitoring HER2 levels were also investigated in xenograft models with different HER2 expressions. Method: MZHER2:342 was conjugated with MAL-NOTA under standard reaction conditions. The affibody molecule was then radiolabeled with 18FAl complex. The binding specificity of the tracer, 18FAl-NOTA-MAL-MZHER2:342, with HER2 was primarily characterized via in vitro studies. MicroPET imaging were performed in nude mice bearing tumors (SKOV-3, JIMT-1 and MCF-7) after injection. The HER2 levels of xenografts were determined using Western blotting analysis. Results:18FAl-NOTA-MAL-MZHER2:342 can be efficiently produced within 30 min with a non-decaycorrected yield of about 10% and a radiochemical purity of more than 95%. In vitro experiments revealed that the modified affibody retained the specific affinity to HER2. PET imaging showed that SKOV-3 and JIMT-1 xenografts were clearly visualized with excellent contrast and low abdomen backgrounds. On the contrary, the signals of MCF-7 tumor were difficult to visualize. The ROI values ranged from16.54±2.69% ID/g for SKOV-3 to 8.42±1.20 %ID/g for JIMT-1 tumors at 1h postinjection respectively. Poor uptake was observed from MCF-7 tumors with 1.71±0.34% ID/g at the same time point. Besides, a significant linear correlation between % ID/g values and relative HER2 expression levels was also found. Conclusions:18FAl-NOTA-MAL-MZHER2:342 is a promising tracer for in vivo detecting HER2 status with the advantages of facile synthesis and favorable pharmacokinetics. It may be useful in differential diagnosis, molecularly targeted therapy and prognosis of the cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.,Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214063, China
| | - Zhicheng Bai
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Qianhuan Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yunyun Pan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Donghui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214063, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214063, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214063, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Runlin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214063, China
| | - Min Yang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.,Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214063, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Venkatachalam TK, Bernhardt PV, Noble CJ, Fletcher N, Pierens GK, Thurecht KJ, Reutens DC. Synthesis, characterization and biological activities of semicarbazones and their copper complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 162:295-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
40
|
Da Pieve C, Allott L, Martins CD, Vardon A, Ciobota DM, Kramer-Marek G, Smith G. Efficient [(18)F]AlF Radiolabeling of ZHER3:8698 Affibody Molecule for Imaging of HER3 Positive Tumors. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1839-49. [PMID: 27357023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is overexpressed in several cancers, being linked to a more resistant phenotype and hence leading to poor patient prognosis. Imaging HER3 is challenging owing to the modest receptor number (<50000 receptors/cell) in overexpressing cancer cells. Therefore, to image HER3 in vivo, high target affinity PET probes need to be developed. This work describes two different [(18)F]AlF radiolabeling strategies of the ZHER3:8698 affibody molecule specifically targeting HER3. The one-pot radiolabeling of ZHER3:8698 performed at 100 °C and using 1,4,7-triazanonane-1,4,7-triacetate (NOTA) as chelator resulted in radiolabeled products with variable purity attributed to radioconjugate thermolysis. An alternative approach based on the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction between a novel tetrazine functionalized 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4-diacetate (NODA) chelator and the trans-cyclooctene (TCO) functionalized affibody molecule was also investigated. This method enabled the radiolabeling of the protein at room temperature. The [(18)F]AlF-NOTA-ZHER3:8698 and [(18)F]AlF-NODA-ZHER3:8698 conjugates showed a specific uptake at 1 h after injection in high HER3-expressing MCF-7 tumors of 4.36 ± 0.92% ID/g and 4.96 ± 0.65% ID/g, respectively. The current results are encouraging for further investigation of [(18)F]AlF-NOTA-ZHER3:8698 as a HER3 imaging agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Da Pieve
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research , 123 Old Brompton Road, London SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Louis Allott
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research , 123 Old Brompton Road, London SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Carlos D Martins
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research , 123 Old Brompton Road, London SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Andrew Vardon
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research , 123 Old Brompton Road, London SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Daniela M Ciobota
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research , 123 Old Brompton Road, London SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Gabriela Kramer-Marek
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research , 123 Old Brompton Road, London SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Graham Smith
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research , 123 Old Brompton Road, London SW7 3RP, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Morris O, Gregory J, Kadirvel M, Henderson F, Blykers A, McMahon A, Taylor M, Allsop D, Allan S, Grigg J, Boutin H, Prenant C. Development & automation of a novel [(18)F]F prosthetic group, 2-[(18)F]-fluoro-3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, and its application to an amino(oxy)-functionalised Aβ peptide. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 116:120-7. [PMID: 27518217 PMCID: PMC5034901 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
2-[(18)F]-Fluoro-3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde ([(18)F]FPCA) is a novel, water-soluble prosthetic group. It's radiochemistry has been developed and fully-automated for application in chemoselective radiolabelling of amino(oxy)-derivatised RI-OR2-TAT peptide, (Aoa-k)-RI-OR2-TAT, using a GE TRACERlab FX-FN. RI-OR2-TAT is a brain-penetrant, retro-inverso peptide that binds to amyloid species associated with Alzheimer's Disease. Radiolabelled (Aoa-k)-RI-OR2-TAT was reproducibly synthesised and the product of the reaction with FPCA has been fully characterised. In-vivo biodistribution of [(18)F]RI-OR2-TAT has been measured in Wistar rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Morris
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre of Cambridge & Manchester, The University of Manchester, UK.
| | - J Gregory
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre of Cambridge & Manchester, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - M Kadirvel
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre of Cambridge & Manchester, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Fiona Henderson
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre of Cambridge & Manchester, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - A Blykers
- In-Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Adam McMahon
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre of Cambridge & Manchester, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Mark Taylor
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, The University of Lancaster, UK
| | - David Allsop
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, The University of Lancaster, UK
| | | | - J Grigg
- GE Healthcare, Life Sciences, Imaging R&D, The Grove Centre, Amersham, Bucks, UK
| | - Herve Boutin
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre of Cambridge & Manchester, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Christian Prenant
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, CRUK/EPSRC Imaging Centre of Cambridge & Manchester, The University of Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Drake CR, Sevillano N, Truillet C, Craik CS, VanBrocklin HF, Evans MJ. Site-Specific Radiofluorination of Biomolecules with 8-[(18)F]-Fluorooctanoic Acid Catalyzed by Lipoic Acid Ligase. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1587-94. [PMID: 27008570 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
New methodologies for site-specifically radiolabeling proteins with (18)F are required to generate high quality radiotracers for preclinical and clinical applications with positron emission tomography. Herein, we report an approach by which we use lipoic acid ligase (LplA) to conjugate [(18)F]-fluorooctanoic acid to an antibody fragment bearing the peptide substrate of LplA. The mild conditions of the reaction preserve antibody immunoreactivity, and the efficiency of LplA allows for >90% yield even with very small amounts of peptidic precursor (1-10 nmol). These features are advantageous compared to the current gold standard in the field. Moreover, the methodology introduces a new application for an important tool in chemical biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Drake
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, Suite 350, 185 Berry Street, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Natalia Sevillano
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, Genentech Hall, S-514, 600 16th Street, San
Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Charles Truillet
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, Suite 350, 185 Berry Street, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Charles S. Craik
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, Genentech Hall, S-514, 600 16th Street, San
Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Henry F. VanBrocklin
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, Suite 350, 185 Berry Street, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| | - Michael J. Evans
- Department
of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, Suite 350, 185 Berry Street, San Francisco, California 94107, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chiotellis A, Sladojevich F, Mu L, Müller Herde A, Valverde IE, Tolmachev V, Schibli R, Ametamey SM, Mindt TL. Novel chemoselective (18)F-radiolabeling of thiol-containing biomolecules under mild aqueous conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:6083-6. [PMID: 27043419 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01982j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel prosthetic group based on a heterocyclic methylsulfone derivative for the rapid, stable, and chemoselective (18)F-labeling of thiol-containing (bio)molecules under mild aqueous reaction conditions. Compared to established maleimide approaches, the new methodology displays some clear advantages for imaging probe development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis Chiotellis
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Xavier C, Blykers A, Vaneycken I, D'Huyvetter M, Heemskerk J, Lahoutte T, Devoogdt N, Caveliers V. 18F-nanobody for PET imaging of HER2 overexpressing tumors. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:247-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
45
|
Vaidyanathan G, McDougald D, Choi J, Koumarianou E, Weitzel D, Osada T, Lyerly HK, Zalutsky MR. Preclinical Evaluation of 18F-Labeled Anti-HER2 Nanobody Conjugates for Imaging HER2 Receptor Expression by Immuno-PET. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:967-73. [PMID: 26912425 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.171306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The human growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in breast as well as other types of cancer. Immuno-PET, a noninvasive imaging procedure that could assess HER2 status in both primary and metastatic lesions simultaneously, could be a valuable tool for optimizing application of HER2-targeted therapies in individual patients. Herein, we have evaluated the tumor-targeting potential of the 5F7 anti-HER2 Nanobody (single-domain antibody fragment; ∼13 kDa) after (18)F labeling by 2 methods. METHODS The 5F7 Nanobody was labeled with (18)F using the novel residualizing label N-succinimidyl 3-((4-(4-(18)F-fluorobutyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-5-(guanidinomethyl)benzoate ((18)F-SFBTMGMB; (18)F-RL-I) and also via the most commonly used (18)F protein-labeling prosthetic agent N-succinimidyl 3-(18)F-fluorobenzoate ((18)F-SFB). For comparison, 5F7 Nanobody was also labeled using the residualizing radioiodination agent N-succinimidyl 4-guanidinomethyl-3-(125)I-iodobenzoate ((125)I-SGMIB). Paired-label ((18)F/(125)I) internalization assays and biodistribution studies were performed on HER2-expressing BT474M1 breast carcinoma cells and in mice with BT474M1 subcutaneous xenografts, respectively. Small-animal PET/CT imaging of 5F7 Nanobody labeled using (18)F-RL-I also was performed. RESULTS Internalization assays indicated that intracellularly retained radioactivity for (18)F-RL-I-5F7 was similar to that for coincubated (125)I-SGMIB-5F7, whereas that for (18)F-SFB-5F7 was lower than coincubated (125)I-SGMIB-5F7 and decreased with time. BT474M1 tumor uptake of (18)F-RL-I-5F7 was 28.97 ± 3.88 percentage injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) at 1 h and 36.28 ± 14.10 %ID/g at 2 h, reduced by more than 90% on blocking with trastuzumab, indicating HER2 specificity of uptake, and was also 26%-28% higher (P < 0.05) than that of (18)F-SFB-5F7. At 2 h, the tumor-to-blood ratio for (18)F-RL-I-5F7 (47.4 ± 13.1) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than for (18)F-SFB-5F7 (25.4 ± 10.3); however, kidney uptake was 28-36-fold higher for (18)F-RL-I-5F7. CONCLUSION (18)F-RL-I-5F7 is a promising tracer for evaluating HER2 status by immuno-PET; however, in settings in which renal background is problematic, strategies for reducing its kidney uptake may be needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Darryl McDougald
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jaeyeon Choi
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Douglas Weitzel
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Takuya Osada
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - H Kim Lyerly
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Venkatachalam TK, Pierens GK, Bernhardt PV, Stimson DHR, Bhalla R, Lambert L, Reutens DC. Heteronuclear NMR Spectroscopic Investigations of Gallium Complexes of Substituted Thiosemicarbazones Including X-Ray Crystal Structure, a New Halogen Exchange Strategy, and 18F Radiolabelling. Aust J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Five thiosemicarbazone ligands have been synthesized, and their coordination chemistry with gallium was investigated. The reaction of these thiosemicarbazones with gallium chloride in alcohol solutions in the presence of a base yielded the corresponding penta-coordinated Ga-Cl metal complexes. In contrast, the reaction of gallium nitrate with the ligands in the presence of alkoxides resulted in the formation of the corresponding Ga-alkoxides, rather than the anticipated Ga-nitrate complex. The crystal structures of gallium chloride and gallium methoxide complexes of diphenylthiosemicarbazone comprise a planar configuration of the tetradentate-coordinated thiosemicarbazone with Ga3+ ion, with the chloride or methoxide groups occupying the apical coordination site. The corresponding ethoxido complex was also prepared in an identical fashion, and NMR analysis confirmed structural similarity to the methoxido complex. Facile halogen exchange reactions of the gallium chloride complexes were achieved by treatment with silver nitrate, followed by addition of KF or KI to generate the gallium fluoride and iodide complexes, respectively. This method of exchange using halogenated inorganic salts aids the preparation of group 13 fluorides, which are notoriously insoluble in organic solvents, for complexation with organic ligands. All compounds have been fully characterized by NMR, and the X-ray crystal structures of two of the complexes are reported. Additionally, the positron-emitting isotope 18F was introduced in the structure of the diphenyl gallium thiosemicarbazone complex.
Collapse
|
47
|
Bernard-Gauthier V, Bailey JJ, Liu Z, Wängler B, Wängler C, Jurkschat K, Perrin DM, Schirrmacher R. From Unorthodox to Established: The Current Status of (18)F-Trifluoroborate- and (18)F-SiFA-Based Radiopharmaceuticals in PET Nuclear Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 27:267-79. [PMID: 26566577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Unorthodox (18)F-labeling strategies not employing the formation of a carbon-(18)F bond are seldom found in radiochemistry. Historically, the formation of a boron- or silicon-(18)F bond has been introduced very early on into the repertoire of labeling chemistries, but is without translation into any clinical radiotracer besides inorganic B[(18)F]F4(-) for brain tumor diagnosis. For many decades these labeling methodologies were forgotten and have just recently been revived by a handful of researchers thinking outside the box. When breaking with established paradigms such as the inability to obtain labeled compounds of high specific activity via isotopic exchange or performing radiofluorination in aqueous media, the research community often reacts skeptically. In 2005 and 2006, two novel labeling methodologies were introduced into radiochemistry for positron emission tomography (PET) tracer development: RBF3(-) labeling reported by Perrin et al. and the SiFA methodology by Schirrmacher, Jurkschat, and Waengler et al. which is based on isotopic exchange (IE). Both labeling methodologies have been complemented by other noncanonical strategies to introduce (18)F into biomolecules of diagnostic importance, thus profoundly enriching the landscape of (18)F radiolabeling. B- and Si-based labeling strategies finally revealed that IE is a viable alternative to established and traditional radiochemistry with the advantage of simplifying both the labeling effort as well as the necessary purification of the radiotracer. Hence IE will be the focus of this contribution over other noncanonical labeling methods. Peptides for tumor imaging especially lend themselves favorably toward one-step labeling via IE, but small molecules have been described as well, taking advantage of these new approaches, and have been used successfully for brain imaging. This Review gives an account of both radiochemistries centered on boron and silicon, describing the very beginnings of their basic research, the path that led to optimization of their chemistries, and the first encouraging preclinical results paving the way to their clinical use. This side by side approach will give the reader the opportunity to follow the development of a new basic discovery into a clinically applicable radiotracer including all the hurdles that have had to be overcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Bernard-Gauthier
- Division of Oncological Imaging, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta , 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Justin J Bailey
- Division of Oncological Imaging, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta , 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health , 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | | | | | - Klaus Jurkschat
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund , 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - David M Perrin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Division of Oncological Imaging, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta , 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chansaenpak K, Vabre B, Gabbaï FP. [(18)F]-Group 13 fluoride derivatives as radiotracers for positron emission tomography. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 45:954-71. [PMID: 26548467 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00687b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The field of (18)F chemistry is rapidly expanding because of the use of this radionuclide in radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET). Until recently, most [(18)F]-radiotracers were generated by the direct attachment of (18)F to a carbon in the organic backbone of the radiotracer. The past decade has witnessed the emergence of a new strategy based on the formation of an (18)F-group 13 element bond. This approach, which is rooted in the field of fluoride anion complexation/coordination chemistry, has led to the development of a remarkable family of boron, aluminium and gallium [(18)F]-fluoride anion complexing agents which can be conjugated with peptides and small molecules to generate disease specific PET radiotracers. This review is dedicated to the chemistry of these group 13 [(18)F]-fluorides anion complexing agents and their use in PET. Some of the key fluoride-binding motifs covered in this review include the trifluoroborate unit bound to neutral or cationic electron deficient backbones, the BF2 unit of BODIPY dyes, and AlF or GaF3 units coordinated to multidentate Lewis basic ligands. In addition to describing how these moieties can be converted into their [(18)F]-analogs, this review also dicusses their incorporation into bioconjugates for application in PET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kantapat Chansaenpak
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu Z, Lin KS, Bénard F, Pourghiasian M, Kiesewetter DO, Perrin DM, Chen X. One-step (18)F labeling of biomolecules using organotrifluoroborates. Nat Protoc 2015; 10:1423-32. [PMID: 26313478 PMCID: PMC5223096 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2015.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present a general protocol for the functionalization of biomolecules with an organotrifluoroborate moiety so that they can be radiolabeled with aqueous (18)F fluoride ((18)F(-)) and used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Among the β(+)-emitting radionuclides, fluorine-18 ((18)F) is the isotope of choice for PET, and it is produced, on-demand, in many hospitals worldwide. Organotrifluoroborates can be (18)F-labeled in one step in aqueous conditions via (18)F-(19)F isotope exchange. This protocol features a recently designed ammoniomethyltrifluoroborate, and it describes the following: (i) a synthetic strategy that affords modular synthesis of radiolabeling precursors via a copper-catalyzed 'click' reaction; and (ii) a one-step (18)F-labeling method that obviates the need for HPLC purification. Within 30 min, (18)F-labeled PET imaging probes, such as peptides, can be synthesized in good chemical and radiochemical purity (>98%), satisfactory radiochemical yield of 20-35% (n > 20, non-decay corrected) and high specific activity of 40-111 GBq/μmol (1.1-3.0 Ci/μmol). The entire procedure, including the precursor preparation and (18)F radiolabeling, takes 7-10 d.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maral Pourghiasian
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dale O Kiesewetter
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David M Perrin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zeng JL, Wang J, Ma JA. New strategies for rapid (18)F-radiolabeling of biomolecules for radionuclide-based in vivo imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1000-3. [PMID: 25898224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The increasing availability of highly active no-carrier-added [(18)F]-fluoride makes its use in radiolabeling biomolecules attractive. By incorporating "fluorophilic" elements (Si, B, and Al) into biomolecules, recent advances offer mild and rapid (18)F-labeling approaches without HPLC purification at the radiosynthetic stage while maintaining sufficient specific activity. In this Topical Review, we will discuss the most recent strides in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Liang Zeng
- †Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (the Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- ‡Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- †Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (the Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|