1
|
Lapi SE, Scott PJH, Scott AM, Windhorst AD, Zeglis BM, Abdel-Wahab M, Baum RP, Buatti JM, Giammarile F, Kiess AP, Jalilian A, Knoll P, Korde A, Kunikowska J, Lee ST, Paez D, Urbain JL, Zhang J, Lewis JS. Recent advances and impending challenges for the radiopharmaceutical sciences in oncology. Lancet Oncol 2024; 25:e236-e249. [PMID: 38821098 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
This paper is the first of a Series on theranostics that summarises the current landscape of the radiopharmaceutical sciences as they pertain to oncology. In this Series paper, we describe exciting developments in radiochemistry and the production of radionuclides, the development and translation of theranostics, and the application of artificial intelligence to our field. These developments are catalysing growth in the use of radiopharmaceuticals to the benefit of patients worldwide. We also highlight some of the key issues to be addressed in the coming years to realise the full potential of radiopharmaceuticals to treat cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E Lapi
- Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - May Abdel-Wahab
- Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard P Baum
- Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik (DKD Helios Klinik) Wiesbaden, Curanosticum MVZ Wiesbaden-Frankfurt, Center for Advanced Radiomolecular Precision Oncology, Germany
| | - John M Buatti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Francesco Giammarile
- Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging Section, Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria; Centre Leon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Ana P Kiess
- Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amirreza Jalilian
- Radiochemistry and Radiotechnology Section, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Knoll
- Dosimetry and Medical Radiation Physics Section, Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aruna Korde
- Radiochemistry and Radiotechnology Section, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jolanta Kunikowska
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sze Ting Lee
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Diana Paez
- Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging Section, Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jean-Luc Urbain
- Department of Radiology-Nuclear Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Diaz-Martinez VD, Cyr M, Devic S, Tomic N, Lewis DF, Enger SA. Investigation of dosimetric characteristics of radiochromic film in response to alpha particles emitted from Americium-241. Med Phys 2024. [PMID: 38767310 DOI: 10.1002/mp.17133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In radiotherapy, it is essential to deliver prescribed doses to tumors while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. Accurate measurements of absorbed dose are required for this purpose. Gafchromic® external beam therapy (EBT) radiochromic films have been widely used in radiotherapy. While the dosimetric characteristics of the EBT3 model film have been extensively studied for photon and charged particle beams (protons, electrons, and carbon ions), little research has been done on α $\alpha$ -particle dosimetry. α $\alpha$ -emitting radionuclides have gained popularity in cancer treatment due to their high linear energy transfer, short range in tissue, and ability to spare surrounding organs at risk, thereby delivering a more localized dose distribution to the tumor. Therefore, a dose-calibration film protocol for α $\alpha$ -particles is required. PURPOSE This study aimed to develop a dose-calibration protocol for the α $\alpha$ -particle emitting radionuclide 241Am, using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and measurements with unlaminated EBT3 films. METHODS In this study, a MC-based user code was developed using the Geant4 simulation toolkit to model and simulate an 241Am source and an unlaminated EBT3 film. Two simulations were performed: one with voxelized geometries of the EBT3 active volume composition and the other using water. The dose rate was calculated within a region of interest in the voxelized geometries. Unlaminated EBT3 film pieces were irradiated with the 241Am source at various exposure times inside a black box. Film irradiations were compared to a 6-MV photon beam from a Varian TrueBeam machine. The simulated dose rate was used to convert the exposure times into absorbed doses to water, describing a radiochromic-film-based reference dosimetry protocol for α $\alpha$ -particles. The irradiated films were scanned and through an in-house Python script, the normalized pixel values from the green-color channel of scanned film images were analyzed. RESULTS The 241Am energy spectra obtained from the simulations were in good agreement with IAEA and NIST databases, having differences < $<$ 0.516% for the emitted γ $\gamma$ -rays and produced characteristic x-rays and < $<$ 0.006% for the α $\alpha$ -particles. Due to the short range of α $\alpha$ -particles, there was no energy deposition in the voxels outside the active 241Am source region projected onto the film surface. Thus, the total dose rate within the voxels covering the source was 0.847 ± $\pm$ 0.003 Gy/min within the sensitive layer of the film (LiPCDA) and 0.847 ± $\pm$ 0.004 Gy/min in water, indicating that the active volume can be considered water equivalent for the 241Am beam quality. A novel approach was employed in α $\alpha$ -film dosimetry using an exponential fit for the green channel, which showed promising results by reducing the uncertainty in dose estimation within 5%. Although the statistical analysis did not reveal significant differences between the 6-MV photon beam and the α $\alpha$ calibration curves, the dose-response curves exhibited the expected behavior. CONCLUSIONS The developed MC user code simulated the experimental setup for α $\alpha$ -dosimetry using radiochromic film with acceptable uncertainty. Unlaminated EBT3 film is suitable for the dosimetry of α $\alpha$ -radiation at low doses and can be used in conjunction with other unlaminated GafChromic® films for quality assurance and research purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor D Diaz-Martinez
- Medical Physics Unit, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélodie Cyr
- Medical Physics Unit, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Slobodan Devic
- Medical Physics Unit, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nada Tomic
- Medical Physics Unit, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Shirin A Enger
- Medical Physics Unit, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Suzuki H, Kannaka K, Uehara T. Approaches to Reducing Normal Tissue Radiation from Radiolabeled Antibodies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:508. [PMID: 38675468 PMCID: PMC11053530 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiolabeled antibodies are powerful tools for both imaging and therapy in the field of nuclear medicine. Radiolabeling methods that do not release radionuclides from parent antibodies are essential for radiolabeling antibodies, and practical radiolabeling protocols that provide high in vivo stability have been established for many radionuclides, with a few exceptions. However, several limitations remain, including undesirable side effects on the biodistribution profiles of antibodies. This review summarizes the numerous efforts made to tackle this problem and the recent advances, mainly in preclinical studies. These include pretargeting approaches, engineered antibody fragments and constructs, the secondary injection of clearing agents, and the insertion of metabolizable linkages. Finally, we discuss the potential of these approaches and their prospects for further clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan; (K.K.); (T.U.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Metebi A, Kauffman N, Xu L, Singh SK, Nayback C, Fan J, Johnson N, Diemer J, Grimm T, Zamiara M, Zinn KR. Pb-214/Bi-214-TCMC-Trastuzumab inhibited growth of ovarian cancer in preclinical mouse models. Front Chem 2024; 11:1322773. [PMID: 38333550 PMCID: PMC10850308 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1322773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Better treatments for ovarian cancer are needed to eliminate residual peritoneal disease after initial debulking surgery. The present study evaluated Trastuzumab to deliver Pb-214/Bi-214 for targeted alpha therapy (TAT) for HER2-positive ovarian cancer in mouse models of residual disease. This study is the first report of TAT using a novel Radon-222 generator to produce short-lived Lead-214 (Pb-214, t1/2 = 26.8 min) in equilibrium with its daughter Bismuth-214 (Bi-214, t1/2 = 19.7 min); referred to as Pb-214/Bi-214. In this study, Pb-214/Bi-214-TCMC-Trastuzumab was tested. Methods: Trastuzumab and control IgG antibody were conjugated with TCMC chelator and radiolabeled with Pb-214/Bi-214 to yield Pb-214/Bi-214-TCMC-Trastuzumab and Pb-214/Bi-214-TCMC-IgG1. The decay of Pb-214/Bi-214 yielded α-particles for TAT. SKOV3 and OVAR3 human ovarian cancer cell lines were tested for HER2 levels. The effects of Pb-214/Bi-214-TCMC-Trastuzumab and appropriate controls were compared using clonogenic assays and in mice bearing peritoneal SKOV3 or OVCAR3 tumors. Mice control groups included untreated, Pb-214/Bi-214-TCMC-IgG1, and Trastuzumab only. Results and discussion: SKOV3 cells had 590,000 ± 5,500 HER2 receptors/cell compared with OVCAR3 cells at 7,900 ± 770. In vitro clonogenic assays with SKOV3 cells showed significantly reduced colony formation after Pb-214/Bi-214-TCMC-Trastuzumab treatment compared with controls. Nude mice bearing luciferase-positive SKOV3 or OVCAR3 tumors were treated with Pb-214/Bi-214-TCMC-Trastuzumab or appropriate controls. Two 0.74 MBq doses of Pb-214/Bi-214-TCMC-Trastuzumab significantly suppressed the growth of SKOV3 tumors for 60 days, without toxicity, compared with three control groups (untreated, Pb-214/Bi-214-TCMC-IgG1, or Trastuzumab only). Mice-bearing OVCAR3 tumors had effective therapy without toxicity with two 0.74 MBq doses of Pb-214/Bi-214-TCMC-trastuzumab or Pb-214/Bi-214-TCMC-IgG1. Together, these data indicated that Pb-214/Bi-214 from a Rn-222 generator system was successfully applied for TAT. Pb-214/Bi-214-TCMC-Trastuzumab was effective to treat mouse xenograft models. Advantages of Pb-214/Bi-214 from the novel generator systems include high purity, short half-life for fractioned therapy, and hourly availability from the Rn-222 generator system. This platform technology can be applied for a variety of cancer treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Metebi
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Radiological Sciences Department, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nathan Kauffman
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Lu Xu
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Satyendra Kumar Singh
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Chelsea Nayback
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jinda Fan
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Kurt R. Zinn
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hamagami S, Fujino S, Yamada T. Performance evaluation of alpha-particle discrimination using ultra-thin plastic scintillation sheets and their application to alpha-emitters for targeted alpha therapy. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 202:111036. [PMID: 37774579 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-particle discrimination using ultra-thin plastic scintillator sheets for measuring the activity of α-emitters under the existence of α- and β-emitters was investigated. 241Am, 32P and 223Ra were also used to evaluate the applicability of the present technique to α-emitters for medicine, and the self-absorption effect due to additives was investigated for validation. The results demonstrated that ≥95% of detection efficiency for α-particles emitted from 241Am with ≤1% β-contribution of 32P for the low carrier salt concentration solution. Regarding using 223Ra, ≥90% of α-efficiency was achievable with ≤1% β-contribution through sufficient dilution and selection of scintillator sheets of appropriate thicknesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sena Hamagami
- Oarai Research & Development Institute, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 4002, Narita-cho, Oarai-machi, Higashi-ibaraki-gun, Ibaraki-ken, 311-1393, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Fujino
- Nuclear Science Research Institute, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Atomic Energy Research Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka c., Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ocampo-García B, Cruz-Nova P, Jiménez-Mancilla N, Luna-Gutiérrez M, Oros-Pantoja R, Lara-Almazán N, Pérez-Velasco D, Santos-Cuevas C, Ferro-Flores G. 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD for Alpha-Therapy Dual Targeting of Stromal/Tumor Cell PSMA and Integrins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16553. [PMID: 38068876 PMCID: PMC10705946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigens (PSMAs) are frequently overexpressed in both tumor stromal endothelial cells and malignant cells (stromal/tumor cells) of various cancers. The RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptide sequence can specifically detect integrins involved in tumor angiogenesis. This study aimed to preclinically evaluate the cytotoxicity, biokinetics, dosimetry, and therapeutic efficacy of 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD to determine its potential as an improved radiopharmaceutical for alpha therapy compared with the 225Ac-iPSMA and 225Ac-RGD monomers. HEHA-HYNIC-iPSMA-RGD (iPSMA-RGD) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis, and UPLC mass spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD was assessed in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Biodistribution, biokinetics, and therapeutic efficacy were evaluated in nude mice with induced HCT116 tumors. In vitro results showed increased DNA double-strand breaks through ROS generation, cell apoptosis, and death in HCT116 cells treated with 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD. The results also demonstrated in vivo cytotoxicity in cancer cells after treatment with 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD and biokinetic and dosimetric properties suitable for alpha therapy, delivering ablative radiation doses up to 237 Gy/3.7 kBq to HCT116 tumors in mice. Given the phenotype of HCT116 cancer cells, the results of this study warrant further dosimetric and clinical studies to determine the potential of 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Ocampo-García
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (P.C.-N.); (M.L.-G.); (N.L.-A.); (G.F.-F.)
| | - Pedro Cruz-Nova
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (P.C.-N.); (M.L.-G.); (N.L.-A.); (G.F.-F.)
| | | | - Myrna Luna-Gutiérrez
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (P.C.-N.); (M.L.-G.); (N.L.-A.); (G.F.-F.)
| | | | - Nancy Lara-Almazán
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (P.C.-N.); (M.L.-G.); (N.L.-A.); (G.F.-F.)
| | - Diana Pérez-Velasco
- Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca 50180, Mexico;
| | - Clara Santos-Cuevas
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (P.C.-N.); (M.L.-G.); (N.L.-A.); (G.F.-F.)
| | - Guillermina Ferro-Flores
- Department of Radioactive Materials, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico; (P.C.-N.); (M.L.-G.); (N.L.-A.); (G.F.-F.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mourtada F, Tomiyoshi K, Sims-Mourtada J, Mukai-Sasaki Y, Yagihashi T, Namiki Y, Murai T, Yang DJ, Inoue T. Actinium-225 Targeted Agents: Where Are We Now? Brachytherapy 2023; 22:697-708. [PMID: 37690972 PMCID: PMC10840862 DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2023.06.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
α-particle targeted radionuclide therapy has shown promise for optimal cancer management, an exciting new era for brachytherapy. Alpha-emitting nuclides can have significant advantages over gamma- and beta-emitters due to their high linear energy transfer (LET). While their limited path length results in more specific tumor 0kill with less damage to surrounding normal tissues, their high LET can produce substantially more lethal double strand DNA breaks per radiation track than beta particles. Over the last decade, the physical and chemical attributes of Actinium-225 (225Ac) including its half-life, decay schemes, path length, and straightforward chelation ability has peaked interest for brachytherapy agent development. However, this has been met with challenges including source availability, accurate modeling for standardized dosimetry for brachytherapy treatment planning, and laboratory space allocation in the hospital setting for on-demand radiopharmaceuticals production. Current evidence suggests that a simple empirical approach based on 225Ac administered radioactivity may lead to inconsistent outcomes and toxicity. In this review article, we highlight the recent advances in 225Ac source production, dosimetry modeling, and current clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firas Mourtada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Katsumi Tomiyoshi
- Advanced Medical Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Mukai-Sasaki
- Advanced Medical Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Takayuki Yagihashi
- Advanced Medical Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Yuta Namiki
- Advanced Medical Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Taro Murai
- Advanced Medical Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
| | - David J Yang
- Advanced Medical Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Tomio Inoue
- Advanced Medical Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Morgan KA, Rudd SE, Noor A, Donnelly PS. Theranostic Nuclear Medicine with Gallium-68, Lutetium-177, Copper-64/67, Actinium-225, and Lead-212/203 Radionuclides. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12004-12035. [PMID: 37796539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular changes in malignant tissue can lead to an increase in the expression levels of various proteins or receptors that can be used to target the disease. In oncology, diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy of tumors is possible by attaching an appropriate radionuclide to molecules that selectively bind to these target proteins. The term "theranostics" describes the use of a diagnostic tool to predict the efficacy of a therapeutic option. Molecules radiolabeled with γ-emitting or β+-emitting radionuclides can be used for diagnostic imaging using single photon emission computed tomography or positron emission tomography. Radionuclide therapy of disease sites is possible with either α-, β-, or Auger-emitting radionuclides that induce irreversible damage to DNA. This Focus Review centers on the chemistry of theranostic approaches using metal radionuclides for imaging and therapy. The use of tracers that contain β+-emitting gallium-68 and β-emitting lutetium-177 will be discussed in the context of agents in clinical use for the diagnostic imaging and therapy of neuroendocrine tumors and prostate cancer. A particular emphasis is then placed on the chemistry involved in the development of theranostic approaches that use copper-64 for imaging and copper-67 for therapy with functionalized sarcophagine cage amine ligands. Targeted therapy with radionuclides that emit α particles has potential to be of particular use in late-stage disease where there are limited options, and the role of actinium-225 and lead-212 in this area is also discussed. Finally, we highlight the challenges that impede further adoption of radiotheranostic concepts while highlighting exciting opportunities and prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Morgan
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Stacey E Rudd
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Asif Noor
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Camacaro JF, Dunckley CP, Harman SE, Fitzgerald HA, Lakes AL, Liao Z, Ludwig RC, McBride KM, Yalcintas Bethune E, Younes A, Chatterjee S, Lilley LM. Development of 225Ac Production from Low Isotopic Dilution 229Th. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38822-38827. [PMID: 37901510 PMCID: PMC10601055 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The promise of 225Ac targeted alpha therapies has been on the horizon for the last two decades. TerraPower Isotopes are uniquely suited to produce clinically relevant quantities of 225Ac through the decay of 229Th. Herein, a rapid processing scheme to isolate radionuclidic and radioisotopically pure 225Ac in good yield (98%) produced from 229Th that contains significant quantities of 228Th activity is described. The characterization of each step of the process is presented along with the detailed characterization of the resulting 225Ac isotopic starting material that will support the cancer research and development efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose F. Camacaro
- TerraPower LLC, 15800 Northup Way, Bellevue, Washington 98008, United States
| | | | - S. Elizabeth Harman
- TerraPower LLC, 15800 Northup Way, Bellevue, Washington 98008, United States
| | | | - Andrew L. Lakes
- TerraPower LLC, 15800 Northup Way, Bellevue, Washington 98008, United States
| | - Zuolei Liao
- TerraPower LLC, 15800 Northup Way, Bellevue, Washington 98008, United States
| | - Russell C. Ludwig
- TerraPower LLC, 15800 Northup Way, Bellevue, Washington 98008, United States
| | - Katie M. McBride
- TerraPower LLC, 15800 Northup Way, Bellevue, Washington 98008, United States
| | | | - Ali Younes
- TerraPower LLC, 15800 Northup Way, Bellevue, Washington 98008, United States
| | - Sayandev Chatterjee
- TerraPower LLC, 15800 Northup Way, Bellevue, Washington 98008, United States
| | - Laura M. Lilley
- TerraPower LLC, 15800 Northup Way, Bellevue, Washington 98008, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Csikos C, Képes Z, Fekete A, Vágner A, Nagy G, Gyuricza B, Arató V, Kárpáti L, Mándity I, Bruchertseifer F, Halmos G, Szikra D, Trencsényi G. Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of 213Bi-labelled DOTA-conjugated alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone peptide analogues in melanocortin-1 receptor positive preclinical melanoma model. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123344. [PMID: 37634663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1-R) targeting alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone-analogue (α-MSH) biomolecules labelled with α-emitting radiometal seem to be valuable in the targeted radionuclide therapy of MC1-R positive melanoma malignum (MM). Herein is reported the anti-tumor in vivo therapeutic evaluation of MC1-R-affine [213Bi]Bi-DOTA-NAPamide and HOLDamide treatment in MC1-R positive B16-F10 melanoma tumor-bearing C57BL/6J mice. On the 6th, 8th and 10th days post tumor cell inoculation; the treated groups of mice were intravenously injected with approximately 5 MBq of both amide derivatives. Beyond body weight and tumor volume assessment, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-HOLDamide and NAPamide-based PET/MRI scans, and ex vivo biodistribution studies were executed 30,- and 90 min postinjection. In the PET/MRI imaging studies the B16-F10 tumors were clearly visualized with both 68Ga-labelled tracers, however, significantly lower tumor-to-muscle (T/M) ratios were observed by using [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-HOLDamide. After alpha-radiotherapy treatment the tumor size of the control group was larger relative to both treated cohorts, while the smallest tumor volumes were observed in the NAPamide-treated subclass on the 10th day. Relatively higher [213Bi]Bi-DOTA-NAPamide accumulation in the B16-F10 tumors (%ID/g: 2.71 ± 0.15) with discrete background activity led to excellent T/M ratios, particularly 90 min postinjection. Overall, the therapeutic application of receptor selective [213Bi]Bi-DOTA-NAPamide seems to be feasible in MC1-R positive MM management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Csikos
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zita Képes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anikó Fekete
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Vágner
- Scanomed Ltd., Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nagy
- Scanomed Ltd., Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Barbara Gyuricza
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem square 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktória Arató
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Levente Kárpáti
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre St. 7, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Mándity
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre St. 7, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary; Artificial Transporters Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok Boulevard 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Gábor Halmos
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dezső Szikra
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Trencsényi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Gyula Petrányi Doctoral School of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jiao R, Allen KJH, Malo ME, Yilmaz O, Wilson J, Nelson BJB, Wuest F, Dadachova E. A Theranostic Approach to Imaging and Treating Melanoma with 203Pb/ 212Pb-Labeled Antibody Targeting Melanin. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3856. [PMID: 37568672 PMCID: PMC10416844 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a deadly disease that claims thousands of lives each year despite the introduction of several immunotherapeutic agents into the clinic over the past decade, inspiring the development of novel therapeutics and the exploration of combination therapies. Our investigations target melanin pigment with melanin-specific radiolabeled antibodies as a strategy to treat metastatic melanoma. In this study, a theranostic approach was applied by first labeling a chimeric antibody targeting melanin, c8C3, with the SPECT radionuclide 203Pb for microSPECT/CT imaging of C57Bl6 mice bearing B16-F10 melanoma tumors. Imaging was followed by radioimmunotherapy (RIT), whereby the c8C3 antibody is radiolabeled with a 212Pb/212Bi "in vivo generator", which emits cytotoxic alpha particles. Using microSPECT/CT, we collected sequential images of B16-F10 murine tumors to investigate antibody biodistribution. Treatment with the 212Pb/212Bi-labeled c8C3 antibody demonstrated a dose-response in tumor growth rate in the 5-10 µCi dose range when compared to the untreated and radiolabeled control antibody and a significant prolongation in survival. No hematologic or systemic toxicity of the treatment was observed. However, administration of higher doses resulted in a biphasic tumor dose response, with the efficacy of treatment decreasing when the administered doses exceeded 10 µCi. These results underline the need for more pre-clinical investigation of targeting melanin with 212Pb-labeled antibodies before the clinical utility of such an approach can be assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubin Jiao
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (R.J.); (K.J.H.A.); (M.E.M.); (O.Y.)
| | - Kevin J. H. Allen
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (R.J.); (K.J.H.A.); (M.E.M.); (O.Y.)
| | - Mackenzie E. Malo
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (R.J.); (K.J.H.A.); (M.E.M.); (O.Y.)
| | - Orhan Yilmaz
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (R.J.); (K.J.H.A.); (M.E.M.); (O.Y.)
| | - John Wilson
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (J.W.); (B.J.B.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Bryce J. B. Nelson
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (J.W.); (B.J.B.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (J.W.); (B.J.B.N.); (F.W.)
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Dadachova
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (R.J.); (K.J.H.A.); (M.E.M.); (O.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lucio-Martínez F, Esteban-Gómez D, Valencia L, Horváth D, Szücs D, Fekete A, Szikra D, Tircsó G, Platas-Iglesias C. Rigid H 4OCTAPA derivatives as model chelators for the development of Bi(III)-based radiopharmaceuticals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3443-3446. [PMID: 36857648 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Octadentate ligands containing ethyl (H4OCTAPA), cyclohexyl (H4CHXOCTAPA) or cyclopentyl (H4CpOCTAPA) spacers were assessed as chelators for Bi(III)-based radiopharmaceuticals. The H4CHXOCTAPA chelator displays excellent properties, including 205/206Bi-nuclide radiolabelling under mild conditions, excellent stability in serum and in the presence of competing cations or H5DTPA. The poor performance of H4CpOCTAPA appears to be related to the stereochemical activity of the Bi(III) lone pair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Lucio-Martínez
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, 15071, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, 15071, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Laura Valencia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, Pontevedra 36310, Spain
| | - Dávid Horváth
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Dániel Szücs
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.
| | - Anikó Fekete
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.
| | - Dezső Szikra
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.
| | - Gyula Tircsó
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, 15071, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Monte Carlo simulation study to explore optimum conditions for Astatine-211 SPECT. Radiol Phys Technol 2023; 16:102-108. [PMID: 36719548 DOI: 10.1007/s12194-023-00702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
211At is a promising nuclide for targeted radioisotope therapy. Direct imaging of this nuclide is important for in vivo evaluation of its distribution. We investigated suitable conditions for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of 211At and assessed their feasibility using a homemade Monte Carlo simulation code, MCEP-SPECT. Radioactivity concentrations of 5, 10, or 20 kBq/mL were distributed in six spheres in a National Electrical Manufactures Association (NEMA) body phantom with a background of 1 kBq/mL. The energy window, projection number, and acquisition time were 71-88 keV, 60, and 60 s, respectively, per projection. A medium-energy collimator and three low-energy collimators were tested. SPECT images were reconstructed using the ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) method with attenuation correction (Chang method) and scatter correction (triple-energy-windows method). Image quality was evaluated using the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for detectability and the contrast recovery coefficient (CRC) for quantitavity. The low-energy, high-sensitivity collimator exhibited the best detectability among the four types of collimators, with a maximum CNR value of 43. In contrast, the low-energy, high-resolution collimator exhibited excellent quantitavity, with a maximum CRC value of 102%. Scatter correction improved the image quality. In particular, the CRC value almost doubled after scatter correction. The detection of spheres smaller than 20 mm in diameter was difficult. In summary, low-energy collimators were suitable for the SPECT imaging of 211At. In addition, scatter correction was extremely effective in improving the image quality. The feasibility of 211At SPECT was demonstrated for lesions larger than 20 mm.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ostuni E, Taylor MRG. Commercial and business aspects of alpha radioligand therapeutics. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1070497. [PMID: 36816719 PMCID: PMC9932801 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1070497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioligand therapy (RLT) is gaining traction as a safe and effective targeted approach for the treatment of many cancer types, reflected by a substantial and growing commercial market (valued at $7.78 billion in 2021, with a projected value of $13.07 billion by 2030). Beta-emitting RLTs have a long history of clinical success dating back to the approval of Zevalin and Bexxar in the early 2000s, later followed by Lutathera and Pluvicto. Alpha radioligand therapeutics (ARTs) offer the potential for even greater success. Driven by ground-breaking clinical results in early trials, improved isotope availability, and better understanding of isotope and disease characteristics, the global market for alpha emitters was estimated at $672.3 million for the year 2020, with projected growth to $5.2 billion by 2027. New company formations, promising clinical trial data, and progression for many radioligand therapy products, as well as an inflow of investor capital, are contributing to this expanding field. Future growth will be fueled by further efficacy and safety data from ART clinical trials and real-world results, but challenges remain. Radionuclide supply, manufacturing, and distribution are key obstacles for growth of the field. New models of delivery are needed, along with cross-disciplinary training of specialized practitioners, to ensure patient access and avoid challenges faced by early RLT candidates such as Zevalin and Bexxar. Understanding of the history of radiation medicine is critical to inform what may be important to the success of ART-most past projections were inaccurate and it is important to analyze the reasons for this. Practical considerations in how radiation medicine is delivered and administered are important to understand in order to inform future approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Ostuni
- ARTbio Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Emanuele Ostuni,
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rodak M, Dekempeneer Y, Wojewódzka M, Caveliers V, Covens P, Miller BW, Sevenois MB, Bruchertseifer F, Morgenstern A, Lahoutte T, D'Huyvetter M, Pruszyński M. Preclinical Evaluation of 225Ac-Labeled Single-Domain Antibody for the Treatment of HER2pos Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1835-1845. [PMID: 36129807 PMCID: PMC9716241 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in various cancers; thus, HER2-targeting single-domain antibodies (sdAb) could offer a useful platform for radioimmunotherapy. In this study, we optimized the labeling of an anti-HER2-sdAb with the α-particle-emitter 225Ac through a DOTA-derivative. The formed radioconjugate was tested for binding affinity, specificity and internalization properties, whereas cytotoxicity was evaluated by clonogenic and DNA double-strand-breaks assays. Biodistribution studies were performed in mice bearing subcutaneous HER2pos tumors to estimate absorbed doses delivered to organs and tissues. Therapeutic efficacy and potential toxicity were assessed in HER2pos intraperitoneal ovarian cancer model and in healthy C57Bl/6 mice. [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-2Rs15d exhibited specific cell uptake and cell-killing capacity in HER2pos cells (EC50 = 3.9 ± 1.1 kBq/mL). Uptake in HER2pos lesions peaked at 3 hours (9.64 ± 1.69% IA/g), with very low accumulation in other organs (<1% IA/g) except for kidneys (11.69 ± 1.10% IA/g). α-camera imaging presented homogeneous uptake of radioactivity in tumors, although heterogeneous in kidneys, with a higher signal density in cortex versus medulla. In mice with HER2pos disseminated tumors, repeated administration of [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-2Rs15d significantly prolonged survival (143 days) compared to control groups (56 and 61 days) and to the group treated with HER2-targeting mAb trastuzumab (100 days). Histopathologic evaluation revealed signs of kidney toxicity after repeated administration of [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-2Rs15d. [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-2Rs15d efficiently targeted HER2pos cells and was effective in treatment of intraperitoneal disseminated tumors, both alone and as an add-on combination with trastuzumab, albeit with substantial signs of inflammation in kidneys. This study warrants further development of [225Ac]Ac-DOTA-2Rs15d.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rodak
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yana Dekempeneer
- Department of Medical Imaging, In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Vicky Caveliers
- Department of Medical Imaging, In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Nuclear Medicine Department, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Covens
- Department of Medical Imaging, In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brian W. Miller
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Matthijs B. Sevenois
- Department of Medical Imaging, In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Tony Lahoutte
- Department of Medical Imaging, In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Nuclear Medicine Department, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'Huyvetter
- Department of Medical Imaging, In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Corresponding Authors: Marek Pruszyński, Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals and Cellular Research, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, Warsaw 03-195, Poland. Phone: 482-2504-1085; E-mail: ; and Matthias D'Huyvetter, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels. Phone: 322-477-4991; E-mail:
| | - Marek Pruszyński
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland.,NOMATEN Centre of Excellence, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Otwock, Poland.,Corresponding Authors: Marek Pruszyński, Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals and Cellular Research, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, Warsaw 03-195, Poland. Phone: 482-2504-1085; E-mail: ; and Matthias D'Huyvetter, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels. Phone: 322-477-4991; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Edelmann MR. Radiolabelling small and biomolecules for tracking and monitoring. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32383-32400. [PMID: 36425706 PMCID: PMC9650631 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06236d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiolabelling small molecules with beta-emitters has been intensively explored in the last decades and novel concepts for the introduction of radionuclides continue to be reported regularly. New catalysts that induce carbon/hydrogen activation are able to incorporate isotopes such as deuterium or tritium into small molecules. However, these established labelling approaches have limited applicability for nucleic acid-based drugs, therapeutic antibodies, or peptides, which are typical of the molecules now being investigated as novel therapeutic modalities. These target molecules are usually larger (significantly >1 kDa), mostly multiply charged, and often poorly soluble in organic solvents. However, in preclinical research they often require radiolabelling in order to track and monitor drug candidates in metabolism, biotransformation, or pharmacokinetic studies. Currently, the most established approach to introduce a tritium atom into an oligonucleotide is based on a multistep synthesis, which leads to a low specific activity with a high level of waste and high costs. The most common way of tritiating peptides is using appropriate precursors. The conjugation of a radiolabelled prosthetic compound to a functional group within a protein sequence is a commonly applied way to introduce a radionuclide or a fluorescent tag into large molecules. This review highlights the state-of-the-art in different radiolabelling approaches for oligonucleotides, peptides, and proteins, as well as a critical assessment of the impact of the label on the properties of the modified molecules. Furthermore, applications of radiolabelled antibodies in biodistribution studies of immune complexes and imaging of brain targets are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Edelmann
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Therapeutic Modalities, Small Molecule Research, Isotope Synthesis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd CH-4070 Basel Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Core-shell structured gold nanoparticles as carrier for 166Dy/ 166Ho in vivo generator. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2022; 7:16. [PMID: 35852733 PMCID: PMC9296738 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-022-00170-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radionuclide therapy (RNT) has become a very important treatment modality for cancer nowadays. Comparing with other cancer treatment options, sufficient efficacy could be achieved in RNT with lower toxicity. β− emitters are frequently used in RNT due to the long tissue penetration depth of the β− particles. The dysprosium-166/holmium-166 (166Dy/166Ho) in vivo generator shows great potential for treating large malignancies due to the long half-life time of the mother nuclide 166Dy and the emission of high energy β− from the daughter nuclide 166Ho. However, the internal conversion occurring after β− decay from 166Dy to 166Ho could cause the release of about 72% of 166Ho when 166Dy is bound to conventional chelators. The aim of this study is to develop a nanoparticle based carrier for 166Dy/166Ho in vivo generator such that the loss of the daughter nuclide 166Ho induced by internal conversion is prevented. To achieve this goal, we radiolabelled platinum-gold bimetallic nanoparticles (PtAuNPs) and core–shell structured gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with 166Dy and studied the retention of both 166Dy and 166Ho under various conditions. Results The 166Dy was co-reduced with gold and platinum precursor to form the 166DyAu@AuNPs and 166DyPtAuNPs. The 166Dy radiolabelling efficiency was determined to be 60% and 70% for the two types of nanoparticles respectively. The retention of 166Dy and 166Ho were tested in MiliQ water or 2.5 mM DTPA for a period of 72 h. In both cases, more than 90% of both 166Dy and 166Ho was retained. The results show that the incorporation of 166Dy in AuNPs can prevent the escape of 166Ho released due to internal conversion. Conclusion We developed a chelator-free radiolabelling method for 166Dy with good radiolabelling efficiency and very high stability and retention of the daughter nuclide 166Ho. The results from this study indicate that to avoid the loss of the daughter radionuclides by internal conversion, carriers composed of electron-rich materials should be used. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41181-022-00170-3.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wharton L, Zhang C, Yang H, Zeisler J, Radchenko V, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Osooly M, Patrick BO, Lin KS, Bénard F, Schaffer P, Orvig C. [ 213Bi]Bi 3+/[ 111In]In 3+-neunpa-cycMSH: Theranostic Radiopharmaceutical Targeting Melanoma─Structural, Radiochemical, and Biological Evaluation. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:505-522. [PMID: 35239331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of [225Ac]Ac3+ as a therapeutic radionuclide for targeted α therapy (TAT), access to clinical quantities of the potent, short-lived α-emitter [213Bi]Bi3+ (t1/2 = 45.6 min) will increase over the next decade. With this in mind, the nonadentate chelator, H4neunpa-NH2, has been investigated as a ligand for chelation of [213Bi]Bi3+ in combination with [111In]In3+ as a suitable radionuclidic pair for TAT and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) diagnostics. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was utilized to assess the coordination characteristics of H4neunpa-NH2 on complexation of [natBi]Bi3+, while the solid-state structure of [natBi][Bi(neunpa-NH3)] was characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to elucidate the conformational geometries of the metal complex in solution. H4neunpa-NH2 exhibited fast complexation kinetics with [213Bi]Bi3+ at RT achieving quantitative radiolabeling within 5 min at 10-8 M ligand concentration, which was accompanied by the formation of a kinetically inert complex. Two bioconjugates incorporating the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) targeting peptide Nle-CycMSHhex were synthesized featuring two different covalent linkers for in vivo evaluation with [213Bi]Bi3+ and [111In]In3+. High molar activities of 7.47 and 21.0 GBq/μmol were achieved for each of the bioconjugates with [213Bi]Bi3+. SPECT/CT scans of the [111In]In3+-labeled tracer showed accumulation in the tumor over time, which was accompanied by high liver uptake and clearance via the hepatic pathway due to the high lipophilicity of the covalent linker. In vivo biodistribution studies in C57Bl/6J mice bearing B16-F10 tumor xenografts showed good tumor uptake (5.91% ID/g) at 1 h post-administration with [213Bi][Bi(neunpa-Ph-Pip-Nle-CycMSHhex)]. This study demonstrates H4neunpa-NH2 to be an effective chelating ligand for [213Bi]Bi3+ and [111In]In3+, with promising characteristics for further development toward theranostic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Wharton
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.,Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Hua Yang
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jutta Zeisler
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agronomy Road, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Maryam Osooly
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kuo-Shyan Lin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bergeron DE, Kossert K, Collins SM, Fenwick AJ. Realization and dissemination of activity standards for medically important alpha-emitting radionuclides. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 184:110161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
20
|
Satapathy S, Sood A, Das CK, Kavanal AJ, Mittal BR. Alpha Before Beta: Exceptional Response to First-Line 225Ac-DOTATATE in a Patient of Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor With Extensive Skeletal Involvement. Clin Nucl Med 2022; 47:e156-e157. [PMID: 34284478 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The utility of β-emitter 177Lu-DOTATATE in patients of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) with widespread skeletal metastases is limited by its relatively modest response rates and a significant concern for hematotoxicity. In such situations, targeted α therapy with 225Ac-DOTATATE can be potentially beneficial. In this report, a 46-year-old man with rectal NET and extensive skeletal metastases was treated upfront with 6 cycles of 225Ac-DOTATATE at 8 weeks' intervals. The patient showed excellent symptomatic, biochemical, and radiological response with no grade 3/4 adverse events. The first-line use of 225Ac-DOTATATE, therefore, presents a novel strategy for metastatic NETs with high skeletal disease burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chandan Krushna Das
- Medical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Radiobiology of Targeted Alpha Therapy. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
22
|
Salerno D, Howe A, Bhatavdekar O, Josefsson A, Pacheco‐Torres J, Bhujwalla ZM, Gabrielson KL, Sofou S. Two diverse carriers are better than one: A case study in α‐particle therapy for prostate specific membrane antigen‐expressing prostate cancers. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 7:e10266. [PMID: 35600657 PMCID: PMC9115683 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial and/or heterogeneous irradiation of established (i.e., large, vascularized) tumors by α‐particles that exhibit only a 4–5 cell‐diameter range in tissue, limits the therapeutic effect, since regions not being hit by the high energy α‐particles are likely not to be killed. This study aims to mechanistically understand a delivery strategy to uniformly distribute α‐particles within established solid tumors by simultaneously delivering the same α‐particle emitter by two diverse carriers, each killing a different region of the tumor: (1) the cancer‐agnostic, but also tumor‐responsive, liposomes engineered to best irradiate tumor regions far from the vasculature, and (2) a separately administered, antibody, targeting any cancer‐cell's surface marker, to best irradiate the tumor perivascular regions. We demonstrate that on a prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)‐expressing prostate cancer xenograft mouse model, for the same total injected radioactivity of the α‐particle emitter Actinium‐225, any radioactivity split ratio between the two carriers resulted in better tumor growth inhibition compared to the tumor inhibition when the total radioactivity was delivered by any of the two carriers alone. This finding was due to more uniform tumor irradiation for the same total injected radioactivity. The killing efficacy was improved even though the tumor‐absorbed dose delivered by the combined carriers was lower than the tumor‐absorbed dose delivered by the antibody alone. Studies on spheroids with different receptor‐expression, used as surrogates of the tumors' avascular regions, demonstrated that our delivery strategy is valid even for as low as 1+ (ImmunoHistoChemistry score) PSMA‐levels. The findings presented herein may hold clinical promise for those established tumors not being effectively eradicated by current α‐particle radiotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominick Salerno
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (ChemBE) Institute for NanoBioTechnology (INBT) Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Alaina Howe
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (ChemBE) Institute for NanoBioTechnology (INBT) Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Omkar Bhatavdekar
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (ChemBE) Institute for NanoBioTechnology (INBT) Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Anders Josefsson
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Jesus Pacheco‐Torres
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Zaver M. Bhujwalla
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | | | - Stavroula Sofou
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (ChemBE) Institute for NanoBioTechnology (INBT) Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Program, Department of Oncology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu Y, Zhou Z, Feng Y, Zhao XG, Vaidyanathan G, Zalutsky MR, Vo-Dinh T. Gold Nanostars: A Novel Platform for Developing 211At-Labeled Agents for Targeted Alpha-Particle Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7297-7305. [PMID: 34737567 PMCID: PMC8560129 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s327577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To develop an innovative 211At nanoplatform with high radiolabeling efficiency and low in vivo deastatination for future targeted alpha-particle therapy (TAT) to treat cancer. Methods Star-shaped gold nanoparticles, gold nanostars (GNS), were used as the platform for 211At radiolabeling. Radiolabeling efficiency under different reaction conditions was tested. Uptake in the thyroid and stomach after systemic administration was used to evaluate the in vivo stability of 211At-labeled GNS. A subcutaneous U87MG human glioma xenograft murine model was used to preliminarily evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of 211At-labeled GNS after intratumoral administration. Results The efficiency of labeling GNS with 211At was almost 100% using a simple and rapid synthesis process that was completed in only 1 min. In vitro stability test in serum showed that more than 99% of the 211At activity remained on the GNS after 24 h incubation at 37°C. In vivo biodistribution results showed low uptake in the thyroid (0.44–0.64%ID) and stomach (0.21–0.49%ID) between 0.5 and 21 h after intravenous injection, thus indicating excellent in vivo stability of 211At-labeled GNS. The preliminary therapeutic efficacy study demonstrated that 211At labeled GNS substantially reduced tumor growth (P < 0.001; two-way ANOVA) after intratumoral administration. Conclusion The new 211At radiolabeling strategy based on GNS has the advantages of a simple process, high labeling efficiency, and minimal in vivo dissociation, making it an attractive potential platform for developing TAT agents that warrants further evaluation in future preclinical studies directed to evaluating prospects for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zhengyuan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Yutian Feng
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Xiao-Guang Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | | | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.,Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Tuan Vo-Dinh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.,Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wilkinson JT, Barrett KE, Ferran SJ, McGuinness SR, McIntosh LA, McCarthy M, Yennello SJ, Engle JW, Lapi SE, Peaslee GF. A heavy-ion production channel of 149Tb via 63Cu bombardment of 89Y. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 178:109935. [PMID: 34555596 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The radionuclide 149Tb (t1/2 = 4.1 h) is a potential theranostic isotope which can simultaneously be used for targeted-alpha-particle therapy and positron-emission tomography. Feasibility experiments were performed to test a near-symmetric heavy-ion reaction of 63Cu bombardment on monoisotopic 89Y. The indirect reaction was studied to avoid isomer production. Offline gamma spectroscopy was used to quantify thick-target physical yields and experimental results show modest agreement to the fusion-evaporation code PACE4. A near-symmetric fission yield was also observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John T Wilkinson
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
| | - Kendall E Barrett
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Samuel J Ferran
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sean R McGuinness
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Lauren A McIntosh
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Mallory McCarthy
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Sherry J Yennello
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Graham F Peaslee
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sciuto R, Rea S, Ungania S, Testa A, Dini V, Tabocchini MA, Patrono C, Soriani A, Palma V, Marconi R, Strigari L. The role of dosimetry and biological effects in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients treated with 223Ra: first in human study. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:281. [PMID: 34488829 PMCID: PMC8420003 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 223Ra is currently used for treatment of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer patients (mCRPC) bone metastases with fixed standard activity. Individualized treatments, based on adsorbed dose (AD) in target and non-target tissue, are absolutely needed to optimize efficacy while reducing toxicity of α-emitter targeted therapy. This is a pilot first in human clinical trial aimed to correlate dosimetry, clinical response and biological side effects to personalize 223Ra treatment. METHODS Out of 20 mCRPC patients who underwent standard 223Ra treatment and dosimetry, in a subset of 5 patients the AD to target and non-target tissues was correlated with clinical effects and radiation-induced chromosome damages. Before each 223Ra administrations, haematological parameters, PSA and ALP values were evaluated. Additional blood samples were obtained baseline (T0), at 7 days (T7), 30 days (T30) and 180 days (T180) to evaluate chromosome damage. After administration WB planar 223Ra images were obtained at 2-4 and 18-24 h. Treatment response and toxicity were monitored with clinical evaluation, bone scan, 18F-choline-PET/CT, PSA value and ALP while haematological parameters were evaluated weekly after 223Ra injection and 2 months after last cycle. RESULTS 1. a correlation between AD to target and clinical response was evidenced with threshold of 20 Gy as a cut-off to obtain tumor control; 2. the AD to red marrow was lower than 2 Gy in all the patients with no apparently correlation between dosimetry and clinical toxicity. 3. a high dose dependent increase of the number of dicentrics and micronuclei during the course of 223Ra therapy was observed and a linear correlation has been found between blood AD (BAD) and number of dicentrics. CONCLUSIONS This study provides some interesting preliminary evidence to be further investigated: dosimetry may be useful to identify a more appropriate 223Ra administered activity predicting AD to target tissue; a dose dependent complex chromosome damage occurs during 223Ra administration and this injury is more evident in heavily pre-treated patients; dosimetry could be used for radioprotection purpose. TRIAL REGISTRATION The pilot study has been approved from the Ethics Committee of Regina Elena National Cancer Institute (N:RS1083/18-2111).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Sciuto
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Rea
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Ungania
- Laboratory of Medical Physics, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Testa
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Dini
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- INFN, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonella Tabocchini
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- INFN, Rome, Italy
| | - Clarice Patrono
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Soriani
- Laboratory of Medical Physics, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Palma
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA Casaccia Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Marconi
- Laboratory of Medical Physics, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Strigari
- Laboratory of Medical Physics, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
- Present address: Department of Medical Physics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wilson T, Pirovano G, Xiao G, Samuels Z, Roberts S, Viray T, Guru N, Zanzonico P, Gollub M, Pillarsetty NVK, Reiner T, Bargonetti J. PARP-Targeted Auger Therapy in p53 Mutant Colon Cancer Xenograft Mouse Models. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3418-3428. [PMID: 34318678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite Auger electrons being highly appealing due to their short-range and high linear energy transfer to surrounding tissues, the progress in the field has been limited due to the challenge in delivering a therapeutic dose within the close proximity of cancer cell's DNA. Here, we demonstrate that the PARP inhibitor 123I-MAPi is a viable agent for the systemic administration and treatment of p53 mutant cancers. Significantly, minimal off-site toxicity was observed in mice administered with up to 74 MBq of 127I-PARPi. Taken together, these results lay the foundation for future clinical evaluation and broader preclinical investigations. By harnessing the scaffold of the PARP inhibitor Olaparib, we were able to deliver therapeutic levels of Auger radiation to the site of human colorectal cancer xenograft tumors after systemic administration. In-depth toxicity studies analyzed blood chemistry levels and markers associated with specific organ toxicity. Finally, p53+/+ and p53-/- human colorectal cancer cell lines were evaluated for the ability of 123I-MAPi to induce tumor growth delay. Toxicity studies demonstrate that both 123I-MAPi and its stable isotopologue, 127I-PARPi, have no significant off-site toxicity when administered systemically. Analysis following 123I-MAPi treatment confirmed its ability to induce DNA damage at the site of xenograft tumors when administered systemically. Finally, we demonstrate that 123I-MAPi generates a therapeutic response in p53-/-, but not p53+/+, subcutaneous xenograft tumors in mouse models. Taken together, these results represent the first example of a PARP Auger theranostic agent capable of delivering a therapeutic dose to xenograft human colorectal cancer tumors upon systemic administration without causing significant toxicity to surrounding mouse organs. Moreover, it suggests that a PARP Auger theranostic can act as a targeted therapeutic for cancers with mutated p53 pathways. This landmark goal paves the way for clinical evaluation of 123I-MAPi for pan cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wilson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Giacomo Pirovano
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Gu Xiao
- Department of Biological Sciences Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Zachary Samuels
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Sheryl Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Tara Viray
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Navjot Guru
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Pat Zanzonico
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Marc Gollub
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Naga Vara Kishore Pillarsetty
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jill Bargonetti
- Department of Biological Sciences Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, United States.,The Graduate Center Biology and Biochemistry PhD Program of City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Eychenne R, Chérel M, Haddad F, Guérard F, Gestin JF. Overview of the Most Promising Radionuclides for Targeted Alpha Therapy: The "Hopeful Eight". Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060906. [PMID: 34207408 PMCID: PMC8234975 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all existing radionuclides, only a few are of interest for therapeutic applications and more specifically for targeted alpha therapy (TAT). From this selection, actinium-225, astatine-211, bismuth-212, bismuth-213, lead-212, radium-223, terbium-149 and thorium-227 are considered as the most suitable. Despite common general features, they all have their own physical characteristics that make them singular and so promising for TAT. These radionuclides were largely studied over the last two decades, leading to a better knowledge of their production process and chemical behavior, allowing for an increasing number of biological evaluations. The aim of this review is to summarize the main properties of these eight chosen radionuclides. An overview from their availability to the resulting clinical studies, by way of chemical design and preclinical studies is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Eychenne
- Groupement d’Intérêt Public ARRONAX, 1 Rue Aronnax, F-44817 Saint-Herblain, France;
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes—Angers (CRCINA)—UMR 1232, ERL 6001, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.C.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.E.); (J.-F.G.)
| | - Michel Chérel
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes—Angers (CRCINA)—UMR 1232, ERL 6001, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Férid Haddad
- Groupement d’Intérêt Public ARRONAX, 1 Rue Aronnax, F-44817 Saint-Herblain, France;
- Laboratoire Subatech, UMR 6457, Université de Nantes, IMT Atlantique, CNRS, Subatech, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - François Guérard
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes—Angers (CRCINA)—UMR 1232, ERL 6001, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Jean-François Gestin
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes—Angers (CRCINA)—UMR 1232, ERL 6001, F-44000 Nantes, France; (M.C.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: (R.E.); (J.-F.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Prasad A, Nair R, Bhatavdekar O, Howe A, Salerno D, Sempkowski M, Josefsson A, Pacheco-Torres J, Bhujwalla ZM, Gabrielson KL, Sgouros G, Sofou S. Transport-driven engineering of liposomes for delivery of α-particle radiotherapy to solid tumors: effect on inhibition of tumor progression and onset delay of spontaneous metastases. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:4246-4258. [PMID: 34117896 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Highly cytotoxic α-particle radiotherapy delivered by tumor-selective nanocarriers is evaluated on metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). On vascularized tumors, the limited penetration of nanocarriers (<50-80 μm) combined with the short range of α-particles (40-100 μm) may, however, result in only partial tumor irradiation, compromising efficacy. Utilizing the α-particle emitter Actinium-225 (225Ac), we studied how the therapeutic potential of a general delivery strategy using nanometer-sized engineered liposomes was affected by two key transport-driven properties: (1) the release from liposomes, when in the tumor interstitium, of the highly diffusing 225Ac-DOTA that improves the uniformity of tumor irradiation by α-particles and (2) the adhesion of liposomes on the tumors' ECM that increases liposomes' time-integrated concentrations within tumors and, therefore, the tumor-delivered radioactivities. METHODS On an orthotopic MDA-MB-231 TNBC murine model forming spontaneous metastases, we evaluated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), biodistributions, and control of tumor growth and/or spreading after administration of 225Ac-DOTA-encapsulating liposomes, with different combinations of the two transport-driven properties. RESULTS At 83% of MTD, 225Ac-DOTA-encapsulating liposomes with both properties (1) eliminated formation of spontaneous metastases and (2) best inhibited the progression of orthotopic xenografts, compared to liposomes lacking one or both properties. These findings were primarily affected by the extent of uniformity of the intratumoral microdistributions of 225Ac followed by the overall tumor uptake of radioactivity. At the MTD, long-term toxicities were not detected 9.5 months post administration. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the potential of a general, transport-driven strategy enabling more uniform and prolonged solid tumor irradiation by α-particles without cell-specific targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aprameya Prasad
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (ChemBE), Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rajiv Nair
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (ChemBE), Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Omkar Bhatavdekar
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (ChemBE), Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alaina Howe
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (ChemBE), Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dominick Salerno
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (ChemBE), Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Anders Josefsson
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Program, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jesus Pacheco-Torres
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Program, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Program, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen L Gabrielson
- Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Program, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - George Sgouros
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Program, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stavroula Sofou
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (ChemBE), Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Program, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,ChemBE, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Maryland Hall 221, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jadvar H, Colletti PM. Targeted α-therapy in non-prostate malignancies. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:47-53. [PMID: 33993386 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Progress in unraveling the complex biology of cancer, novel developments in radiochemistry, and availability of relevant α-emitters for targeted therapy have provided innovative approaches to precision cancer management. The approval of 223Ra dichloride for treatment of men with osseous metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer unleashed targeted α-therapy as a safe and effective cancer management strategy. While there is currently active research on new α-therapy regimens for prostate cancer based on the prostate-specific membrane antigen, there is emerging development of radiopharmaceutical therapy with a range of biological targets and α-emitting radioisotopes for malignancies other than the prostate cancer. This article provides a brief review of preclinical and first-in-human studies of targeted α-therapy in the cancers of brain, breast, lung, gastrointestinal, pancreas, ovary, and the urinary bladder. The data on leukemia, melanoma, myeloma, and neuroendocrine tumors will also be presented. It is anticipated that with further research the emerging role of targeted α-therapy in cancer management will be defined and validated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jadvar
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar St., CSC 102, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Patrick M Colletti
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar St., CSC 102, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Takashima H, Koga Y, Manabe S, Ohnuki K, Tsumura R, Anzai T, Iwata N, Wang Y, Yokokita T, Komori Y, Mori D, Usuda S, Haba H, Fujii H, Matsumura Y, Yasunaga M. Radioimmunotherapy with an 211 At-labeled anti-tissue factor antibody protected by sodium ascorbate. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1975-1986. [PMID: 33606344 PMCID: PMC8088967 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF), the trigger protein of the extrinsic blood coagulation cascade, is abundantly expressed in various cancers including gastric cancer. Anti-TF monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) capable of targeting cancers have been successfully applied to armed antibodies such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and molecular imaging probes. We prepared an anti-TF mAb, clone 1084, labeled with astatine-211 (211 At), as a promising alpha emitter for cancer treatment. Alpha particles are characterized by high linear energy transfer and a range of 50-100 µm in tissue. Therefore, selective and efficient tumor accumulation of alpha emitters results in potent antitumor activities against cancer cells with minor effects on normal cells adjacent to the tumor. Although the 211 At-conjugated clone 1084 (211 At-anti-TF mAb) was disrupted by an 211 At-induced radiochemical reaction, we demonstrated that astatinated anti-TF mAbs eluted in 0.6% or 1.2% sodium ascorbate (SA) solution were protected from antibody denaturation, which contributed to the maintenance of cellular binding activities and cytocidal effects of this immunoconjugate. Although body weight loss was observed in mice administered a 1.2% SA solution, the loss was transient and the radioprotectant seemed to be tolerable in vivo. In a high TF-expressing gastric cancer xenograft model, 211 At-anti-TF mAb in 1.2% SA exerted a significantly greater antitumor effect than nonprotected 211 At-anti-TF mAb. Moreover, the antitumor activities of the protected immunoconjugate in gastric cancer xenograft models were dependent on the level of TF in cancer cells. These findings suggest the clinical availability of the radioprotectant and applicability of clone 1084 to 211 At-radioimmunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Takashima
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Koga
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan.,Department of Strategic Programs, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Shino Manabe
- Laboratory of Functional Molecule Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Department and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Center for Pharmaceutical Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Glycometabolic Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Ohnuki
- Division of Functional Imaging, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Ryo Tsumura
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Anzai
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Nozomi Iwata
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yang Wang
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Takuya Yokokita
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Yukiko Komori
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Daiki Mori
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Sachiko Usuda
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Haba
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Fujii
- Division of Functional Imaging, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Matsumura
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yasunaga
- Division of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pruszyński M, Walczak R, Rodak M, Bruchertseifer F, Morgenstern A, Bilewicz A. Radiochemical separation of 224Ra from 232U and 228Th sources for 224Ra/ 212Pb/ 212Bi generator. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 172:109655. [PMID: 33657491 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclides in nuclear medicine has grown significantly and has translated into the increased interest in radionuclide generators and their development. 224Ra and its shorter-lived daughters, 212Pb and 212Bi, are very interesting radionuclides from Targeted Alpha Therapy point of view for treatment of small cancers or metastatic forms. The purpose of the present work was to develop a simple generator for rapid elution of carrier-free 224Ra from 232U or 228Th sources by radiochemical separation based on extraction chromatography with the utilization of a home-made material. The bis(2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphate (HDEHP) extractant was immobilized on polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) grains and its ability to selectively adsorb 232U and 228Th, with simultaneous high elution recovery of 224Ra, was checked over few years. The 224Ra was quantitatively eluted with small volume (3-5 mL) of 0.1 M HNO3 with low breakthrough (<0.005%) and was used for further milking of 212Bi and 212Pb from DOWEX 50WX12 by 0.75 M and 2.0 M HCl, respectively. The elaborated here methods allowed high recovery of 224Ra, 212Pb and 212Bi radionuclides and their application in radiolabeling of various biomolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Pruszyński
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Rafał Walczak
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Rodak
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Frank Bruchertseifer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, 76125, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Alfred Morgenstern
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, 76125, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Aleksander Bilewicz
- Centre of Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hatcher-Lamarre JL, Sanders VA, Rahman M, Cutler CS, Francesconi LC. Alpha emitting nuclides for targeted therapy. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 92:228-240. [PMID: 33558017 PMCID: PMC8363053 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is an area of research with rapidly increasing importance as the emitted alpha particle has a significant effect on inducing cytotoxic effects on tumor cells while mitigating dose to normal tissues. Two significant isotopes of interest within the area of TAT are thorium-227 and actinium-225 due to their nuclear characteristics. Both isotopes have physical half-lives suitable for coordination with larger biomolecules, and additionally actinium-225 has potential to serve as an in vivo generator. In this review, the authors will discuss the production, purification, labeling reactions, and biological studies of actinium-225 and thorium-227 complexes and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa A Sanders
- Collider Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA
| | - Mohammed Rahman
- Chemistry Department, Hunter College of the City University of New York, USA
| | - Cathy S Cutler
- Collider Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA
| | - Lynn C Francesconi
- Chemistry Department, Hunter College of the City University of New York, USA; Chemistry Department, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nicolson F, Kircher MF. Theranostics: Agents for Diagnosis and Therapy. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
34
|
Aloj L, Attili B, Lau D, Caraco C, Lechermann LM, Mendichovszky IA, Harper I, Cheow H, Casey RT, Sala E, Gilbert FJ, Gallagher FA. The emerging role of cell surface receptor and protein binding radiopharmaceuticals in cancer diagnostics and therapy. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 92:53-64. [PMID: 32563612 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Targeting specific cell membrane markers for both diagnostic imaging and radionuclide therapy is a rapidly evolving field in cancer research. Some of these applications have now found a role in routine clinical practice and have been shown to have a significant impact on patient management. Several molecular targets are being investigated in ongoing clinical trials and show promise for future implementation. Advancements in molecular biology have facilitated the identification of new cancer-specific targets for radiopharmaceutical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Aloj
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Bala Attili
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Doreen Lau
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Corradina Caraco
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M Lechermann
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Iosif A Mendichovszky
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ines Harper
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Heok Cheow
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth T Casey
- Department of Endocrinology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Evis Sala
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona J Gilbert
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ferdia A Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Targeted Alpha Therapy: Progress in Radionuclide Production, Radiochemistry, and Applications. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:pharmaceutics13010049. [PMID: 33396374 PMCID: PMC7824049 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review outlines the accomplishments and potential developments of targeted alpha (α) particle therapy (TAT). It discusses the therapeutic advantages of the short and highly ionizing path of α-particle emissions; the ability of TAT to complement and provide superior efficacy over existing forms of radiotherapy; the physical decay properties and radiochemistry of common α-emitters, including 225Ac, 213Bi, 224Ra, 212Pb, 227Th, 223Ra, 211At, and 149Tb; the production techniques and proper handling of α-emitters in a radiopharmacy; recent preclinical developments; ongoing and completed clinical trials; and an outlook on the future of TAT.
Collapse
|
36
|
Hanaoka K, Miyaji N, Yoneyama H, Ogawa M, Maeda T, Sakaguchi K, Iimori T, Tsushima H. [Radiological Technology for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2020; 76:1237-1247. [PMID: 33342942 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2020_jsrt_76.12.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Targeted radioisotope therapy (TRT) is a radiotherapy using radioisotope or drug incorporating it and has been used as a treatment for selectively irradiating cancer cells. In recent years, interest in TRT has increased due to improvements in radionuclide production technology, development of new drugs and imaging modalities, and improvements in radiation technology. In order to enhance the effect of TRT, measurement of individual radiation doses to tumor tissue and organs at risk is important using highly quantitative nuclear medicine images. In this paper, we present a review of literature on optimization of TRT, which is a new research area from the perspective of radiation technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Hanaoka
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University
| | - Noriaki Miyaji
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Hiroto Yoneyama
- Department of Radiological Technology, Kanazawa University Hospital
| | | | - Takamasa Maeda
- Radiological Technology Section, QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
| | | | | | - Hiroyuki Tsushima
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cheal SM, McDevitt MR, Santich BH, Patel M, Yang G, Fung EK, Veach DR, Bell M, Ahad A, Vargas DB, Punzalan B, Pillarsetty NVK, Xu H, Guo HF, Monette S, Michel AO, Piersigilli A, Scheinberg DA, Ouerfelli O, Cheung NKV, Larson SM. Alpha radioimmunotherapy using 225Ac-proteus-DOTA for solid tumors - safety at curative doses. Theranostics 2020; 10:11359-11375. [PMID: 33052220 PMCID: PMC7546012 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This is the initial report of an α-based pre-targeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) using 225Ac and its theranostic pair, 111In. We call our novel tumor-targeting DOTA-hapten PRIT system "proteus-DOTA" or "Pr." Herein we report the first results of radiochemistry development, radiopharmacology, and stoichiometry of tumor antigen binding, including the role of specific activity, anti-tumor efficacy, and normal tissue toxicity with the Pr-PRIT approach (as α-DOTA-PRIT). A series of α-DOTA-PRIT therapy studies were performed in three solid human cancer xenograft models of colorectal cancer (GPA33), breast cancer (HER2), and neuroblastoma (GD2), including evaluation of chronic toxicity at ~20 weeks of select survivors. Methods: Preliminary biodistribution experiments in SW1222 tumor-bearing mice revealed that 225Ac could not be efficiently pretargeted with current DOTA-Bn hapten utilized for 177Lu or 90Y, leading to poor tumor uptake in vivo. Therefore, we synthesized Pr consisting of an empty DOTA-chelate for 225Ac, tethered via a short polyethylene glycol linker to a lutetium-complexed DOTA for picomolar anti-DOTA chelate single-chain variable fragment (scFv) binding. Pr was radiolabeled with 225Ac and its imaging surrogate, 111In. In vitro studies verified anti-DOTA scFv recognition of [225Ac]Pr, and in vivo biodistribution and clearance studies were performed to evaluate hapten suitability and in vivo targeting efficiency. Results: Intravenously (i.v.) administered 225Ac- or 111In-radiolabeled Pr in mice showed rapid renal clearance and minimal normal tissue retention. In vivo pretargeting studies show high tumor accumulation of Pr (16.71 ± 5.11 %IA/g or 13.19 ± 3.88 %IA/g at 24 h p.i. for [225Ac]Pr and [111In]Pr, respectively) and relatively low uptake in normal tissues (all average ≤ 1.4 %IA/g at 24 h p.i.). Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was not reached for either [225Ac]Pr alone or pretargeted [225Ac]Pr at administered activities up to 296 kBq/mouse. Single-cycle treatment consisting of α-DOTA-PRIT with either huA33-C825 bispecific anti-tumor/anti-DOTA-hapten antibody (BsAb), anti-HER2-C825 BsAb, or hu3F8-C825 BsAb for targeting GPA33, HER2, or GD2, respectively, was highly effective. In the GPA33 model, no complete responses (CRs) were observed but prolonged overall survival of treated animals was 42 d for α-DOTA-PRIT vs. 25 d for [225Ac]Pr only (P < 0.0001); for GD2, CRs (7/7, 100%) and histologic cures (4/7, 57%); and for HER2, CRs (7/19, 37%) and histologic cures (10/19, 56%) with no acute or chronic toxicity. Conclusions: [225Ac]Pr and its imaging biomarker [111In]Pr demonstrate optimal radiopharmacologic behavior for theranostic applications of α-DOTA-PRIT. For this initial evaluation of efficacy and toxicity, single-cycle treatment regimens were performed in all three systems. Histologic toxicity was not observed, so MTD was not observed. Prolonged overall survival, CRs, and histologic cures were observed in treated animals. In comparison to RIT with anti-tumor IgG antibodies, [225Ac]Pr has a much improved safety profile. Ultimately, these data will be used to guide clinical development of toxicity and efficacy studies of [225Ac]Pr, with the goal of delivering massive lethal doses of radiation to achieve a high probability of cure without toxicity.
Collapse
|
38
|
Perron R, Gendron D, Causey PW. Construction of a thorium/actinium generator at the Canadian Nuclear Laboratories. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 164:109262. [PMID: 32819503 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) has demonstrated considerable promise in the treatment of a range of cancers in both preclinical and, more recently clinical research. In particular, work with the alpha-emitting radionuclide 225Ac has been effectively employed due to the relatively rapid decay cascade that leads to 4 alpha and 2 beta emissions. One limitation for TAT has been caused by access to the vital radionuclide. Traditionally, 225Ac has been sourced from thorium/actinium generators based on the alpha decay of stockpiles of 229Th. 229Th is itself the alpha-decay product from 233U. Due to proliferation issues associated with 233U, only three thorium/actinium generators have been reported in the literature, capable of supporting clinical research. This paper describes the construction and operation of a thorium/actinium radionuclide generator at the Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, capable of supporting preclinical and limited clinical research in the area of TAT. Thorium was recovered and purified by a combination of anion exchange and extraction chromatography from aged 233U stockpiles. A separation scheme for 225Ra and 225Ac has been developed, based upon the chemical composition of the thorium material to allow for regular, routine milkings capable of supplying up to 3.7 GBq (100 mCi) of radiochemically pure 225Ac annually. This routine separation is accomplished using a combination of anion exchange chromatography to separate Ac and Ra isotopes from Th and extraction chromatography employing TEVA and DGA-N resins to separate actinium from radium and breakthrough thorium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randy Perron
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, 286 Plant Road, Chalk River, Ontario, K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Denise Gendron
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, 286 Plant Road, Chalk River, Ontario, K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Patrick W Causey
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, 286 Plant Road, Chalk River, Ontario, K0J 1J0, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Performance demonstration of a hybrid Compton camera with an active pinhole for wide-band X-ray and gamma-ray imaging. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14064. [PMID: 32820211 PMCID: PMC7441182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray and gamma-ray imaging are technologies with several applications in nuclear medicine, homeland security, and high-energy astrophysics. However, it is generally difficult to realize simultaneous wide-band imaging ranging from a few tens of keV to MeV because different interactions between photons and the detector material occur, depending on the photon energies. For instance, photoabsorption occurs below 100 keV, whereas Compton scattering dominates above a few hundreds of keV. Moreover, radioactive sources generally emit both X-ray and gamma-ray photons. In this study, we develop a “hybrid” Compton camera that can simultaneously achieve X-ray and gamma-ray imaging by combining features of “Compton” and “pinhole” cameras in a single detector system. Similar to conventional Compton cameras, the detector consists of two layers of scintillator arrays with the forward layer acting as a scatterer for high-energy photons (> 200 keV) and an active pinhole for low-energy photons (< 200 keV). The experimental results on the performance of the hybrid camera were consistent with those from the Geant4 simulation. We simultaneously imaged \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$^{241}$$\end{document}241Am (60 keV) and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$^{137}$$\end{document}137Cs (662 keV) in the same field of view, achieving an angular resolution of 10\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$^\circ $$\end{document}∘ (FWHM) for both sources. In addition, imaging of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$^{211}$$\end{document}211At was conducted for the application in future nuclear medicine, particularly radionuclide therapy. The initial demonstrative images of the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$^{211}$$\end{document}211At phantom were reconstructed using the pinhole mode (using 79 keV) and Compton mode (using 570 keV), exhibiting significant similarities in source-position localization. We also verified that a mouse injected with 1 MBq of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$^{211}$$\end{document}211At can be imaged via pinhole-mode measurement in an hour.
Collapse
|
40
|
Reissig F, Zarschler K, Hübner R, Pietzsch H, Kopka K, Mamat C. Sub-10 nm Radiolabeled Barium Sulfate Nanoparticles as Carriers for Theranostic Applications and Targeted Alpha Therapy. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:797-805. [PMID: 32775141 PMCID: PMC7397357 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of cancer patients with α-particle-emitting therapeutics continues to gain in importance and relevance. The range of radiopharmaceutically relevant α-emitters is limited to a few radionuclides, as stable chelators or carrier systems for safe transport of the radioactive cargo are often lacking. Encapsulation of α-emitters into solid inorganic systems can help to diversify the portfolio of candidate radionuclides, provided, that these nanomaterials effectively retain both the parent and the recoil daughters. We therefore focus on designing stable and defined nanocarrier-based systems for various clinically relevant radionuclides, including the promising α-emitting radionuclide 224Ra. Hence, sub-10 nm barium sulfate nanocontainers were prepared and different radiometals like 89Zr, 111In, 131Ba, 177Lu or 224Ra were incorporated. Our system shows stabilities of >90 % regarding the radiometal release from the BaSO4 matrix. Furthermore, we confirm the presence of surface-exposed amine functionalities as well as the formation of a biomolecular corona.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falco Reissig
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Helmholtz-ZentrumDresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Kristof Zarschler
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Helmholtz-ZentrumDresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - René Hübner
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchHelmholtz-ZentrumDresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Hans‐Jürgen Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Helmholtz-ZentrumDresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Helmholtz-ZentrumDresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Constantin Mamat
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Helmholtz-ZentrumDresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Robertson AKH, McNeil BL, Yang H, Gendron D, Perron R, Radchenko V, Zeisler S, Causey P, Schaffer P. 232Th-Spallation-Produced 225Ac with Reduced 227Ac Content. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12156-12165. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K. H. Robertson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 2A3
| | - Brooke L. McNeil
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 2A3
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Hua Yang
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 2A3
| | - Denise Gendron
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada K0J 1J0
| | - Randy Perron
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada K0J 1J0
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 2A3
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Stefan Zeisler
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 2A3
| | - Patrick Causey
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada K0J 1J0
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 2A3
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1M9
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pillarsetty N, Carter LM, Lewis JS, Reiner T. Oncology-Inspired Treatment Options for COVID-19. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:1720-1723. [PMID: 32680924 PMCID: PMC8679628 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.249748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CR3022 is a human antibody that binds to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we explore the use of CR3022 as a molecularly targeted radiotherapeutic. Methods: CR3022 was labeled with 131I and purified, yielding 131I-CR3022. Using a magnetic bead assay and a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein fragment, we tested binding of 131I-CR3022 in the presence and absence of CR3022. Results: We conjugated the antibody CR3022 with a purity of more than 98% and a specific activity of more than 292 MBq/mg. Using a bead-based assay, we confirmed that binding of 131I-CR3022 is selective and is significantly reduced in the presence of unlabeled antibody (3.14% ± 0.14% specific uptake and 0.10% ± 0.01% specific uptake, respectively; P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Our results confirm the potential of CR3022 as a molecularly targeted probe for SARS-CoV-2. A labeled version of CR3022 could potentially be used for Auger radiotherapy or noninvasive imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukas M Carter
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York .,Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mori W, Yamasaki T, Hattori Y, Zhang Y, Kumata K, Fujinaga M, Hanyu M, Nengaki N, Zhang H, Zhang MR. Radiosynthesis and evaluation of 4-(6-[ 18F]Fluoro-4-(5-isopropoxy-1 H-indazol-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)morpholine as a novel radiotracer candidate targeting leucine-rich repeat kinase 2. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:676-684. [PMID: 33479667 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00590k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations that increase leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) activity in the brain are associated with Parkinson's disease. Here, we synthesized a novel compound 4-(6-fluoro-4-(5-isopropoxy-1H-indazol-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)morpholine (FIPM) and labeled it with fluorine-18 (18F), to develop a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for in vivo visualization of LRRK2 in the brain. FIPM showed high in vitro binding affinity for LRRK2 (IC50 = 8.0 nM). [18F]FIPM was prepared in 5% radiochemical yield (n = 5), by inserting 18F into a pyridine ring, followed by removal of the protecting group. After HPLC separation and formulation, [18F]FIPM was acquired with >97% radiochemical purity and 103-300 GBq μmol-1 of molar activity at the end of radiosynthesis. Biodistribution and small-animal PET studies in mice indicated a low in vivo specific binding of [18F]FIPM. While [18F]FIPM presented limited potential as an in vivo PET tracer for LRRK2, we suggested that it can be used as a lead compound for developing new radiotracers with improved in vivo brain properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Mori
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences , National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku , Chiba , 263-8555 , Japan .
| | - Tomoteru Yamasaki
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences , National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku , Chiba , 263-8555 , Japan .
| | - Yasushi Hattori
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences , National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku , Chiba , 263-8555 , Japan .
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences , National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku , Chiba , 263-8555 , Japan .
| | - Katsushi Kumata
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences , National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku , Chiba , 263-8555 , Japan .
| | - Masayuki Fujinaga
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences , National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku , Chiba , 263-8555 , Japan .
| | - Masayuki Hanyu
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences , National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku , Chiba , 263-8555 , Japan .
| | - Nobuki Nengaki
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences , National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku , Chiba , 263-8555 , Japan . .,SHI Accelerator Service Co. Ltd , 5-9-11, Kitashinagawa, Shinagawa-ku , Tokyo 141-8686 , Japan
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center , The Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , 88 Jiefang Rd , Hangzhou , Hangzhou 310009 , China .
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences , National Institute of Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku , Chiba , 263-8555 , Japan .
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Choudhary N, Guadalupe Jaraquemada-Peláez MD, Zarschler K, Wang X, Radchenko V, Kubeil M, Stephan H, Orvig C. Chelation in One Fell Swoop: Optimizing Ligands for Smaller Radiometal Ions. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5728-5741. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Choudhary
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Marı́a de Guadalupe Jaraquemada-Peláez
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kristof Zarschler
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Xiaozhu Wang
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Manja Kubeil
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Jadvar H. Targeted α-Therapy in Cancer Management: Synopsis of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 35:475-484. [PMID: 32202923 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The approval of 223Ra dichloride (223RaCl2) in 2013 was a principal event in introducing targeted α-therapy as a form of safe and effective management strategy in cancer. There is an increasing interest in research and development of new targeted α-therapy agents spearheaded by advancements in cancer biology, radiochemistry, and availability of clinically relevant α particles. There are active clinical studies on sequencing or combining 223RaCl2 with other drug regimens in the setting of metastatic prostate cancer and in other cancers such as osteosarcoma and bone-dominant breast cancer. Targeted α-therapy strategy is also being actively explored through many preclinical and few early clinical studies using 225Ac, 213Bi, 211At, 227Th, and 212Pb. Investigations incorporating 225Ac are more robust and active at this time with promising results. The author provide a brief synopsis of the preclinical and clinical studies in the rapidly evolving field of targeted α-therapy in cancer management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jadvar
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cross section measurements of 151Eu( 3He,5n) reaction: new opportunities for medical alpha emitter 149Tb production. Sci Rep 2020; 10:508. [PMID: 31949230 PMCID: PMC6965643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Method for production of alpha emitter 149Tb by irradiation of 151Eu with 70 MeV 3He nuclei is proposed. For the first time, the cross sections for the formation of isotopes 149,150,151,152Tb were measured experimentally using a stack foil technique in the 3He particles energy range 70 → 12 MeV. The thick target yield of 149Tb is 39 MBq/μAh, or 230 MBq/μA 149Tb at saturation. The optimal energy range from the point of view of radioisotopic purity is 70 → 40 MeV. At these conditions about 150 MBq/μA 149Tb can be produced in 8 hours irradiation, which is sufficient for therapeutic applications. The main impurities are 150Tb (~100% in activity) and 151Tb (~30% in activity). The proposed method surpasses its counterparts by the high content of the target isotope in the natural mixture and the simplicity of the radiochemical separation of 149Tb from the bulk target material.
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Neels O, Patt M, Decristoforo C. Radionuclides: medicinal products or rather starting materials? EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2019; 4:22. [PMID: 31659572 PMCID: PMC6702255 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-019-0074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The EU directive 2001/83 describes the community code for medicinal products for human use including radiopharmaceuticals. In its current definition, also radionuclide precursors, such as fluorine-18, need to hold a marketing authorization before being placed on the market. The potential of novel radiopharmaceuticals for nuclear medicine is, although encouraged by European legislation and its respective guidance documents, therefore hampered by the regulatory framework. An update of EU directive 2001/83 would be beneficial for the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals and a safe advance in nuclear medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Neels
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marianne Patt
- Department for Nuclear Medicine, Radiochemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ferrier MG, Radchenko V. An Appendix of Radionuclides Used in Targeted Alpha Therapy. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2019; 50:S58-S65. [PMID: 31427258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2019.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryline G Ferrier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Livermore, California, USA.
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Davern S, O’Neil D, Hallikainen H, O’Neil K, Allman S, Millet L, Retterer S, Doktycz M, Standaert R, Boll R, Van Cleve S, DePaoli D, Mirzadeh S. Microfluidics-based separation of actinium-225 from radium-225 for medical applications. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1614956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Davern
- Isotope and Fuel Cycle Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA
| | - David O’Neil
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Hannah Hallikainen
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN
- Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | | | - Steve Allman
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Larry Millet
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Joint Research Activity, Bredesen Center, University of Tennessee, TN, USA
| | - Scott Retterer
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA
| | - Mitchel Doktycz
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA
| | - Robert Standaert
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Chemistry, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA
| | - Rose Boll
- Isotope and Fuel Cycle Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA
| | - Shelley Van Cleve
- Isotope and Fuel Cycle Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA
| | - David DePaoli
- Isotope and Fuel Cycle Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA
| | - Saed Mirzadeh
- Isotope and Fuel Cycle Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA
| |
Collapse
|