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Wei W, Ma D, Li L, Zhang L. Cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease induced by hypertension. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1454-1462. [PMID: 38051887 PMCID: PMC10883517 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hypertension is a primary risk factor for the progression of cognitive impairment caused by cerebral small vessel disease, the most common cerebrovascular disease. However, the causal relationship between hypertension and cerebral small vessel disease remains unclear. Hypertension has substantial negative impacts on brain health and is recognized as a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. Chronic hypertension and lifestyle factors are associated with risks for stroke and dementia, and cerebral small vessel disease can cause dementia and stroke. Hypertension is the main driver of cerebral small vessel disease, which changes the structure and function of cerebral vessels via various mechanisms and leads to lacunar infarction, leukoaraiosis, white matter lesions, and intracerebral hemorrhage, ultimately resulting in cognitive decline and demonstrating that the brain is the target organ of hypertension. This review updates our understanding of the pathogenesis of hypertension-induced cerebral small vessel disease and the resulting changes in brain structure and function and declines in cognitive ability. We also discuss drugs to treat cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs; National Center for Neurological Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Denglei Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs; National Center for Neurological Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs; National Center for Neurological Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs; National Center for Neurological Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
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Li J, Xu S, Wang L, Wang X. 2-(4-Methylthiazol-5-yl) Ethyl Nitrate Hydrochloride Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment via Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) Signaling Pathway in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion-Associated Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:585. [PMID: 38790690 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension reduces the bioavailability of vascular nitric oxide (NO) and contributes to the onset of vascular dementia (VaD). A loss of NO bioavailability increases inflammation and oxidative stress. 2-(4-Methylthiazol-5-yl) ethyl nitrate hydrochloride (W1302) is a novel nitric oxide donor (NOD) which is undergoing phase I clinical trials in China for the treatment of VaD. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of W1302 in VaD rats induced by the permanent occlusion of a bilateral common carotid arteries model related to spontaneous hypertension (SHR-2VO), and we further explored the underlying mechanisms. Nimodipine was used as a positive control. Our results showed that W1302 treatment for 4 weeks (10 mg/Kg/day) exhibited stronger improvement in the spatial learning and memory deficits in SHR-2VO rats compared with nimodipine with slightly lower systolic blood pressure (SBP). Meanwhile, W1302 treatment significantly increased NO and cGMP production, restored mitochondrial membrane potential and attenuated oxidative stress as evidenced by increasing ATP production and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the brain. Furthermore, W1302 treatment markedly inhibited the iNOS activity and decreased TNF-α expression via inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Nimodipine treatment also restored these aberrant changes, but its ATP production was weaker than that of W1302, and there was no significant effect on NO release. Taken together, W1302 exhibited beneficial effects on complications in VaD with hypertension, which is involved in suppressing oxidative damage, and the inflammatory reaction might be mediated by an increase in NO release. Therefore, W1302 has therapeutic potential for the treatment of VaD caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-associated spontaneous hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shaofeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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Kalaria R, Maestre G, Mahinrad S, Acosta DM, Akinyemi RO, Alladi S, Allegri RF, Arshad F, Babalola DO, Baiyewu O, Bak TH, Bellaj T, Brodie-Mends DK, Carrillo MC, Celestin KKM, Damasceno A, de Silva RK, de Silva R, Djibuti M, Dreyer AJ, Ellajosyula R, Farombi TH, Friedland RP, Garza N, Gbessemehlan A, Georgiou EEZ, Govia I, Grinberg LT, Guerchet M, Gugssa SA, Gumikiriza-Onoria JL, Hogervorst E, Hornberger M, Ibanez A, Ihara M, Issac TG, Jönsson L, Karanja WM, Lee JH, Leroi I, Livingston G, Manes FF, Mbakile-Mahlanza L, Miller BL, Musyimi CW, Mutiso VN, Nakasujja N, Ndetei DM, Nightingale S, Novotni G, Nyamayaro P, Nyame S, Ogeng'o JA, Ogunniyi A, de Oliveira MO, Okubadejo NU, Orrell M, Paddick SM, Pericak-Vance MA, Pirtosek Z, Potocnik FCV, Raman R, Rizig M, Rosselli M, Salokhiddinov M, Satizabal CL, Sepulveda-Falla D, Seshadri S, Sexton CE, Skoog I, George-Hyslop PHS, Suemoto CK, Thapa P, Udeh-Momoh CT, Valcour V, Vance JM, Varghese M, Vera JH, Walker RW, Zetterberg H, Zewde YZ, Ismail O. The 2022 symposium on dementia and brain aging in low- and middle-income countries: Highlights on research, diagnosis, care, and impact. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38696263 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Two of every three persons living with dementia reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The projected increase in global dementia rates is expected to affect LMICs disproportionately. However, the majority of global dementia care costs occur in high-income countries (HICs), with dementia research predominantly focusing on HICs. This imbalance necessitates LMIC-focused research to ensure that characterization of dementia accurately reflects the involvement and specificities of diverse populations. Development of effective preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches for dementia in LMICs requires targeted, personalized, and harmonized efforts. Our article represents timely discussions at the 2022 Symposium on Dementia and Brain Aging in LMICs that identified the foremost opportunities to advance dementia research, differential diagnosis, use of neuropsychometric tools, awareness, and treatment options. We highlight key topics discussed at the meeting and provide future recommendations to foster a more equitable landscape for dementia prevention, diagnosis, care, policy, and management in LMICs. HIGHLIGHTS: Two-thirds of persons with dementia live in LMICs, yet research and costs are skewed toward HICs. LMICs expect dementia prevalence to more than double, accompanied by socioeconomic disparities. The 2022 Symposium on Dementia in LMICs addressed advances in research, diagnosis, prevention, and policy. The Nairobi Declaration urges global action to enhance dementia outcomes in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kalaria
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gladys Maestre
- Departments of Neuroscience and Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One W. University Blvd, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Simin Mahinrad
- Division of Medical and Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daisy M Acosta
- Universidad Nacional Pedro Henriquez Urena (UNPHU), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Rufus Olusola Akinyemi
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Suvarna Alladi
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ricardo F Allegri
- Fleni Neurological Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Neurosciences, Universidad de la Costa (CUC), Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Faheem Arshad
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Olusegun Baiyewu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Maria C Carrillo
- Division of Medical and Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kaputu-Kalala-Malu Celestin
- Department of Neurology, Centre Neuropsychopathologique (CNPP), Kinshasa University Teaching Hospital, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Republic Democratic of the Congo
| | | | - Ranil Karunamuni de Silva
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Innovation in Biotechnology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
- Institute for Combinatorial Advanced Research and Education (KDU-CARE), General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Rohan de Silva
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Clinical, Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Mamuka Djibuti
- Partnership for Research and Action for Health (PRAH), Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Ratnavalli Ellajosyula
- Cognitive Neurology Clinic, Manipal Hospital, and Annasawmy Mudaliar Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Temitope H Farombi
- Tony Anenih Geriatric Center, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | | | - Noe Garza
- Department of Neuroscience and Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, Texas, USA
| | - Antoine Gbessemehlan
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, University of Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eliza Eleni-Zacharoula Georgiou
- Department of Psychiatry, Patras University General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Ishtar Govia
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Jamaica, West Indies, Jamaica
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Department of Neurology and Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, R. da Reitoria, R. Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maëlenn Guerchet
- Inserm U1094, IRD U270, University of Limoges, CHU Limoges, EpiMaCT - Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases in Tropical Zone, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, OmegaHealth, Limoges, France
| | - Seid Ali Gugssa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Eef Hogervorst
- Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- Respati University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Agustin Ibanez
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Peñalolén, Santiago, Chile
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andrés, and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Victoria, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Thomas Gregor Issac
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Linus Jönsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, section for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen, Solna, Sweden
| | - Wambui M Karanja
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joseph H Lee
- Sergievsky Center, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Iracema Leroi
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Facundo Francisco Manes
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lingani Mbakile-Mahlanza
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
- University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Victoria N Mutiso
- Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre for Research and Training, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - David M Ndetei
- Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- World Psychiatric Association Collaborating Centre for Research and Training, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sam Nightingale
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gabriela Novotni
- University Clinic of Neurology, Medical Faculty University Ss Cyril and Methodius Institute for Alzheimer's Disease and Neuroscience, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Primrose Nyamayaro
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Solomon Nyame
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Hospital Road, Near Kintampo-north Municipal Hospital, Kintampo, Ghana
| | | | | | - Maira Okada de Oliveira
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cognitive Neurology and Behavioral Unit (GNCC), University of Sao Paulo, R. da Reitoria, R. Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Njideka U Okubadejo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Martin Orrell
- Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stella-Maria Paddick
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Sheriff Hill, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
- Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Zvezdan Pirtosek
- Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Felix Claude Victor Potocnik
- Old Age Psychiatry Unit, Depth Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Western Cape, Stellenbosch Central, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Rema Raman
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mie Rizig
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Mónica Rosselli
- Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
- Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diego Sepulveda-Falla
- Molecular Neuropathology of Alzheimer's Disease, Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases and South Texas ADRC, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Claire E Sexton
- Division of Medical and Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Institute of Neuroscience and Fysiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter H St George-Hyslop
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Biomedical Campus, Trumpington, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, and University Health Network, 27 King's College Cir, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudia Kimie Suemoto
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, R. da Reitoria, R. Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Prekshy Thapa
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Lloyd Building Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chinedu Theresa Udeh-Momoh
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
- FINGERS Brain Health Institute, c/o Stockholms Sjukhem, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen, Solna, Sweden
- Imarisha Centre for Brain health and Aging, Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Victor Valcour
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Mathew Varghese
- St. John's Medical College, Sarjapur - Marathahalli Rd, beside Bank Of Baroda, John Nagar, Koramangala, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jaime H Vera
- Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Richard W Walker
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yared Z Zewde
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ozama Ismail
- Division of Medical and Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Zhang WY, Zhao CM, Wang CS, Xie X, Li YQ, Chen BB, Feng L, Jiang P. Methylglyoxal accumulation contributes to accelerated brain aging in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:108-119. [PMID: 37984752 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
While it is well-acknowledged that neurovascular dysfunction in hypertension is tightly associated with accelerated brain aging, we contend that the deleterious effects of hypertension may extend beyond affecting only the arteries. Methylglyoxal (MG) derived from glycolysis, is involved in the accumulation of advanced glycated end products (AGEs), which are the hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, the present study aims to firstly investigate the role of MG metabolism in the hypertension-accelerated brain aging process. The results of our study indicate that the levels of MG increase with age in both the plasma and hippocampus of SHRs at 12, 16, and 30 weeks old. AGE methylglyoxal-hydro imidazoline-1 (MG-H1) is primarily localized in astrocytes, while its presence was not observed in neurons and microglia within the hypertensive hippocampus. Our observations also suggest that angiotensin II (Ang II) enhances glucose uptake and glycolysis while reducing the expression of Glo1 in cultured astrocytes. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was found to counteract the increase in escape latency and inhibit the activation of the AGEs-RAGE axis in 30-week-old SHRs. NAC decreased Iba-1 immunofluorescence intensity, inhibited the levels of pro-inflammatory markers, and enhanced the abundance of anti-inflammatory markers in the hippocampus of SHRs. Moreover, NAC reduced the immunofluorescence signal of 4HNE and increased the content of GSH and SOD in SHRs. Finally, NAC was observed to inhibit apoptosis in the hippocampus of SHRs. Collectively, we firstly showed the enhanced accumulation of MG in the hypertensive brain, whereas the clearance of MG by NAC treatment mitigated the aging process and attenuated AGEs generation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, 528403, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 510006, China
| | - Cui-Mei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, 528403, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 510006, China
| | - Chang-Shui Wang
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Yu-Qi Li
- Department of cardiology, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, 528403, China
| | - Bei-Bei Chen
- ADFA School of Science, University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australia
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, 272000, China.
| | - Pei Jiang
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining, 272000, China; Institute of Translational Pharmacy, Jining Medical Research Academy, Jining, 272000, China.
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Kalaria RN, Akinyemi RO, Paddick SM, Ihara M. Current perspectives on prevention of vascular cognitive impairment and promotion of vascular brain health. Expert Rev Neurother 2024; 24:25-44. [PMID: 37916306 PMCID: PMC10872925 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2273393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The true global burden of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is unknown. Reducing risk factors for stroke and cardiovascular disease would inevitably curtail VCI. AREAS COVERED The authors review current diagnosis, epidemiology, and risk factors for VCI. VCI increases in older age and by inheritance of known genetic traits. They emphasize modifiable risk factors identified by the 2020 Lancet Dementia Commission. The most profound risks for VCI also include lower education, cardiometabolic factors, and compromised cognitive reserve. Finally, they discuss pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. EXPERT OPINION By virtue of the high frequencies of stroke and cardiovascular disease the global prevalence of VCI is expectedly higher than prevalent neurodegenerative disorders causing dementia. Since ~ 90% of the global burden of stroke can be attributed to modifiable risk factors, a formidable opportunity arises to reduce the burden of not only stroke but VCI outcomes including progression from mild to the major in form of vascular dementia. Strict control of vascular risk factors and secondary prevention of cerebrovascular disease via pharmacological interventions will impact on burden of VCI. Non-pharmacological measures by adopting healthy diets and encouraging physical and cognitive activities and urging multidomain approaches are important for prevention of VCI and preservation of vascular brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj N Kalaria
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rufus O Akinyemi
- Neuroscience and Ageing Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Stella-Maria Paddick
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Centre, Osaka, Japan
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Wang K, Shafique S, Wang N, Walter SM, Xie X, Piamjariyakul U, Winstanley EL. Early-onset alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use with age at onset of hypertension: a survival analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023:10.1007/s00127-023-02596-9. [PMID: 38104055 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the associations of age when first substance use and early-onset substance use before age 18 with age at onset (AAO) of hypertension. METHODS This study included 19,270 individuals with AAO of hypertension from the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Age when first use of 10 substance use variables included alcohol, daily cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogens, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), inhalants, and methamphetamine use. The outcome was AAO of hypertension and variable cluster analysis was used to classify the exposures and outcome. Substance use status was classified into three categories: early-onset substance use (first used substance before age 18), late-onset substance use (first used substance after age 18), and never used. RESULTS The mean AAO of hypertension was 42.7 years. Age when first use of 10 substance use variables had significant correlations with AAO of hypertension (all p values < 0.001). Individuals with early-onset alcohol, cigars, smokeless tobacco, marijuana, hallucinogens, inhalants, cocaine, LSD, and methamphetamine use revealed significantly earlier onset of hypertension than those never used. Compared with never used substances, the Cox regression model showed that early-onset alcohol, smokeless tobacco, marijuana, inhalants, and methamphetamine use had an increased risk of AAO of hypertension [hazard ratio (HR) (95%CI) = 1.22 (1.13, 1.31), 1.36 (1.24, 1.49), 1.85 (1.75, 1.95), 1.41 (1.30, 1.52), and 1.27 (1.07,1.50), respectively]. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that intervention strategies or programs focusing on preventing early-onset substance use before age 18 may delay the onset of adult hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesheng Wang
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| | - Saima Shafique
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Office of Research and Scholarly Activities, School of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Nianyang Wang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Suzy Mascaro Walter
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Economics and Finance, College of Business and Technology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Ubolrat Piamjariyakul
- Office of Research and Scholarly Activities, School of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Erin L Winstanley
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
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7
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Guo Y, Liang R, Ren J, Cheng L, Wang M, Chai H, Cheng X, Yang Y, Sun Y, Li J, Zhao S, Hou W, Zhang J, Liu F, Wang R, Niu Q, Yu H, Yang S, Bai J, Zhang H, Qin X, Xia N. Cognitive status and its risk factors in patients with hypertension and diabetes in a low-income rural area of China: A cross-sectional study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e6010. [PMID: 37794769 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The proportion of older people with dementia in China is gradually increasing with the increase in the aging population over recent years. Hypertension and diabetes are common non-communicable diseases among rural populations in China. However, it remains unclear whether these conditions affect the occurrence and development of cognitive impairment as there is limited research on cognitive status and its risk factors among residents of rural areas. METHODS A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 5400 participants from rural permanent residents. A self-designed structured questionnaire was used to investigate demographic data of the participants. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Function Assessment Scale (MoCA). The results were analyzed using chi-square test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 5028 participants returned the survey, giving a response rate of 93.1%. Higher education (odds ratio (OR) = 3.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.87-3.54, p < 0.001), higher income (OR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.16-2.07, p < 0.001), and dietary control (OR = 0.66, 95%CI 0.34-0.98, p < 0.001) were protective factors. A visual representation of the relationship between annual income and MoCA score showed an inverted U-curve, the group with an annual income of 6000-7999 RMB had a maximum OR of 1.93 (95%CI 0.12-2.74, p < 0.001). While difficulty in maintaining sleep were risk factors for cognitive impairment (OR = -2.28, 95% CI-4.18-0.39, p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Participants with middle incomes had better cognitive status than those with the highest incomes. Higher education, proper diet control and good sleep are beneficial to the cognitive status of residents in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Guo
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruifeng Liang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingjuan Ren
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Liting Cheng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Jinzhong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Health Commission of Shanxi Province, Jinzhong, China
| | - Mengqin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huilin Chai
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yaowen Yang
- Health Commission Supervision & Inspection Center, Health Commission of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yajuan Sun
- Evaluation Center for Medical Service and Administration, Health Commission of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiantao Li
- Department of Health Economics, School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Evaluation Center for Medical Service and Administration, Health Commission of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenjing Hou
- Evaluation Center for Medical Service and Administration, Health Commission of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Health Commission and Sports Bureau of Yangqu County, Taiyuan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Yangqu People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Yangqu People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shoulin Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianying Bai
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaojiang Qin
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Na Xia
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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8
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VandeBunte AM, Fonseca C, Paolillo EW, Gontrum E, Lee SY, Kramer JH, Casaletto KB. Regional Vulnerability of the Corpus Callosum in the Context of Cardiovascular Risk. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2023; 36:397-406. [PMID: 36710073 PMCID: PMC10441555 DOI: 10.1177/08919887231154931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Many factors outside of cardiovascular health can impact the structure of white matter. Identification of reliable and clinically meaningful biomarkers of the neural effects of systemic and cardiovascular health are needed to refine etiologic predictions. We examined whether the corpus callosum demonstrates regional vulnerability to systemic cardiovascular risk factors. Three hundred and ninety-four older adults without dementia completed brain MRI, neurobehavioral evaluations, and blood draws. A subset (n = 126, n = 128) of individuals had blood plasma analyzed for inflammatory markers of interest (IL-6 and TNF-alpha). Considering diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a particularly reliable measure of white matter integrity, we utilized DTI to examine fractional anisotropy (FA) of anterior and posterior regions of the corpus callosum. Using multiple linear regression models, we simultaneously examined FA of the genu and the splenium to compare their associations with systemic and cardiovascular risk factors. Lower FA of the genu but not splenium was associated with greater systemic and cardiovascular risk, including higher systolic blood pressure (β = -0.17, p = .020), hemoglobin A1C (β = -0.21, p = .016) and IL-6 (β = -0.34, p = .005). FA of the genu was uniquely associated with cognitive processing speed (β = 0.20, p = .0015) and executive functioning (β = 0.15, p = .012), but not memory performances (β = 0.05, p = .357). Our results demonstrated differential vulnerability of the corpus callosum, such that frontal regions showed stronger, independent associations with biomarkers of systemic and cardiovascular health in comparison to posterior regions. Posterior white matter integrity may not reflect cardiovascular health. Clinically, these findings support the utility of examining the anterior corpus callosum as an indicator of cerebrovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. VandeBunte
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Palo Alto University, CA, USA
| | - Corrina Fonseca
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily W. Paolillo
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eva Gontrum
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shannon Y. Lee
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joel H. Kramer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlin B. Casaletto
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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9
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Affleck AJ, Sachdev PS, Halliday GM. Past antihypertensive medication use is associated with lower levels of small vessel disease and lower Aβ plaque stage in the brains of older individuals. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12922. [PMID: 37431095 PMCID: PMC10947144 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study assesses the association of antihypertensive medication use on the severities of neuropathological cerebrovascular disease (CVD excluding lobar infarction) in older individuals. METHODS Clinical and neuropathological data were retrieved for 149 autopsy cases >75 years old with or without CVD or Alzheimer's disease and no other neuropathological diagnoses. Clinical data included hypertension status, hypertension diagnosis, antihypertensive medication use, antihypertensive medication dose (where available) and clinical dementia rating (CDR). Neuropathological CVD severity was evaluated for differences with anti-hypertensive medication usage. RESULTS Antihypertensive medication use was associated with less severe white matter small vessel disease (SVD, mainly perivascular dilatation and rarefaction), with a 5.6-14.4 times greater likelihood of less severe SVD if medicated. No significant relationship was detected between infarction (presence, type, number and size), lacunes or cerebral amyloid angiopathy and antihypertensive medication use. Only increased white matter rarefaction/oedema and not perivascular dilation was associated with Alzheimer's pathology, with a 4.3 times greater likelihood of reduced Aβ progression through the brain if white matter rarefaction severity was none or mild. Antihypertensive medication use was associated with reduced Aβ progression but only in those with moderate to severe white matter SVD. CONCLUSIONS This histopathological study provides further evidence that antihypertensive medication use in older individuals is associated with white matter SVD and not with other CVD pathologies. This is mainly due to a reduction in white matter perivascular dilation and rarefaction/oedema. Even in those with moderate to severe white matter SVD, antihypertensive medication use reduced rarefaction and Aβ propagation through the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Affleck
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA)SydneyAustralia
- Centre for Health Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Health Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
- Neuropsychiatric InstituteThe Prince of Wales HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - Glenda M. Halliday
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA)SydneyAustralia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
- Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
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10
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION We assessed the association between visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BPV) up to 12 years and subsequent dementia risk, and tested the modifying effect of antihypertensive medications. METHODS We studied 2234 participants from two community-based cohorts of older adults with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment. Participants were followed through annual assessments for up to 27 years. Visit-to-visit BPV was quantified over 3, 6, 9, and 12 years, respectively. RESULTS Higher systolic BPV (SBPV) during 3, 6, 9, and 12 years was associated with a subsequent increased risk of dementia, with hazard ratios ranging from 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.04) to 1.10 (95% CI: 1.05-1.16). The association between SBPV and dementia risk was stronger among participants not taking calcium channel blockers (p-for interaction < 0.05). DISCUSSION Among older adults, long-term exposure to higher visit-to-visit SBPV is associated with an increased risk of dementia later in life, and calcium channel blockers may modify this association. HIGHLIGHTS Among adults aged >65, higher systolic blood pressure variability spanning 3-12 years is associated with an increased risk of dementia later in life. Single blood pressure measurement or mean blood pressure levels does not seem to associate with dementia risk among older adults. The association between systolic blood pressure variability and dementia risk is stronger among those not taking calcium channel blocker medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Mahinrad
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences and Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Farzaneh A. Sorond
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip B. Gorelick
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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11
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Kujovic M, Lipka T, Zalman M, Baumann L, Jänner M, Baumann B. Treatment of hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea counteracts cognitive decline in common neurocognitive disorders in diagnosis-related patterns. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7556. [PMID: 37160982 PMCID: PMC10169815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of arterial hypertension (AH) and of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on cognitive course in the neurocognitive disorder (NCD) cohort RIFADE which enrolled patients with NCD due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular NCD (vNCD), and mixed NCD (AD + vNCD = mNCD). Multiple risk factors (RF), including AH and OSA, that contribute to the development of various kinds of dementia have been identified in previous studies. Studies that observed AH lacked investigation of long-term effects and did not isolate it from other RF. Studies involving OSA as a risk factor did not include participants with all stages of NCD. 126 subjects were screened for AH and OSA. Repeated cognitive measurements were performed with the DemTect as primary outcome and the clock drawing test as secondary outcome measure. 90 patients had AH (71.4%) and 40 patients had OSA (31.7%). RF-status had a significant effect on cognitive outcome in models with RF as single factors (AH p = 0.027, OSA p < 0.001), a 2-factor analysis with AH × OSA (AH as main factor p = 0.027) as well as a model including the 3 factors AH × OSA × diagnosis (p = 0.038). Similarly, a 3-factor model was significant for the clock-drawing test, whereas single factor-models remained insignificant. AH and OSA appear to be risk factors in common NCD and cognitive decline can be mitigated by treatment of these RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milenko Kujovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Tim Lipka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mark Zalman
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leonie Baumann
- Department of Mental Health, University Hospital of Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Michaela Jänner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bruno Baumann
- Department of Mental Health, University Hospital of Münster, Munster, Germany
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12
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Armario P, Gómez-Choco M. Contributions of neuroimaging to the knowledge of the relationship between arterial hypertension and cognitive decline. Hypertens Res 2023. [PMID: 36890274 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
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13
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Abstract
One of the most challenging clinical expressions of population aging is cognitive impairment and dementia. Among risk factors for the development of dementia, modifiable vascular risk factors have emerged as contributors to both vascular and nonvascular types of dementia. Epidemiologic studies have been particularly informative in understanding the link between vascular risks and dementia across the life course. We discuss vascular risks for dementia and cognitive impairment and practical management recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Mahinrad
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Avenue, 11th Floor, Suite 1150, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Farzaneh Sorond
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Avenue, 11th Floor, Suite 1150, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Philip B Gorelick
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 625 N. Michigan Avenue, 11th Floor, Suite 1150, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Vintimilla R, Nevin T, Hall J, Johnson L, O’Bryant S. Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cognitive Performance in Cognitively Normal Non-Hispanic Whites and Mexican Americans From the HABS-HD Cohort. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2022; 8:23337214221142958. [PMCID: PMC9742682 DOI: 10.1177/23337214221142958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to compare the impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) on cognition in non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) versus Mexicans Americans (MA). Methods: A cross sectional analysis was conducted on 663 NHW and 632 MA. Prevalence of specific CVRF were compared between both demographics. Cognition was tested with various neuropsychologic tests. Results: MA had a higher percentage of hypertension, abdominal circumference, diabetes, and current smoking while NHW had a higher prevalence of other CVD. However, specific CVRF impacted NHW neuropsychologic testing on cognition, executive function, and processing, while only memory was affected in MA. Discussion: MA have less access to healthcare services with a higher prevalence of specific CVRF, however previous research has cited a lower mortality compared to NHW, this is known as the Hispanic paradox effect. The Mexican American ethnicity may be a protective factor in cognition creating increased neuropsychologic resilience from CVRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Vintimilla
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, USA,Raul Vintimilla, Institute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 855 Montgomery Street, Fort Worth, TX 76123, USA.
| | - Thomas Nevin
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, USA
| | - James Hall
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, USA
| | - Leigh Johnson
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, USA
| | - Sid O’Bryant
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, USA
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15
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Liska DJ, Dioum E, Chu Y, Mah E. Narrative Review on the Effects of Oat and Sprouted Oat Components on Blood Pressure. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224772. [PMID: 36432463 PMCID: PMC9698489 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cognitive decline. Elevations in blood pressure (BP) leading to HTN can be found in young adults with increased prevalence as people age. Oats are known to decrease CVD risk via an established effect of β-glucan on the attenuation of blood cholesterol. Many past studies on CVD and oats have also reported a decrease in BP; however, a thorough assessment of oats and BP has not been conducted. Moreover, oats deliver several beneficial dietary components with putative beneficial effects on BP or endothelial function, such as β-glucan, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), and phytochemicals such as avenanthramides. We conducted a comprehensive search for systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical intervention studies on oats and BP and identified 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three meta-analyses that supported the role of oats in decreasing BP. Emerging data also suggest oat consumption may reduce the use of anti-hypertensive medications. The majority of these studies utilized whole oats or oat bran, which include a vast array of oat bioactives. Therefore, we also extensively reviewed the literature on these bioactives and their putative effect on BP-relevant mechanisms. The data suggest several oat components, such as GABA, as well as the delivery of high-quality plant protein and fermentable prebiotic fiber, may contribute to the anti-HTN effect of oats. In particular, GABA is enhanced in oat sprouts, which suggests this food may be particularly beneficial for healthy BP management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - ElHadji Dioum
- PepsiCo R&D Health & Nutrition Sciences, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Yifang Chu
- PepsiCo R&D Health & Nutrition Sciences, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Eunice Mah
- Biofortis Research, Addison, IL 60101, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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Abdulrahman H, van Dalen JW, den Brok M, Latimer CS, Larson EB, Richard E. Hypertension and Alzheimer's disease pathology at autopsy: A systematic review. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:2308-2326. [PMID: 35758526 PMCID: PMC9796086 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is an important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and all-cause dementia. The mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. Hypertension may be associated with AD neuropathological changes (ADNC), but reports are sparse and inconsistent. This systematic review included 15 autopsy studies (n = 5879) from observational cohorts. Studies were highly heterogeneous regarding populations, follow-up duration, hypertension operationalization, neuropathological methods, and statistical analyses. Hypertension seems associated with higher plaque and tangle burden, but results are inconsistent. Four studies (n = 3993/5879; 68%), reported clear associations between hypertension and ADNC. Another four suggested that antihypertensive medication may protect against ADNC. Larger studies with longer follow-up reported the strongest relationships. Our findings suggest a positive association between hypertension and ADNC, but effects may be modest, and possibly attenuate with higher hypertension age and antihypertensive medication use. Investigating interactions among plaques, tangles, cerebrovascular pathology, and dementia may be key in better understanding hypertension's role in dementia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herrer Abdulrahman
- Department of NeurologyAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyRadboud University Medical CenterDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviorNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem van Dalen
- Department of NeurologyAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyRadboud University Medical CenterDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviorNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Melina den Brok
- Department of NeurologyAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyRadboud University Medical CenterDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviorNijmegenthe Netherlands
| | - Caitlin S. Latimer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Eric B. Larson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute SeattleSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Edo Richard
- Department of NeurologyRadboud University Medical CenterDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviorNijmegenthe Netherlands
- Department of Public and Occupational HealthAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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