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Luo C, Pei Y, Richoz S, Li Q, Reitner J. Identification and Current Palaeobiological Understanding of “Keratosa”-Type Nonspicular Demosponge Fossils in Carbonates: With a New Example from the Lowermost Triassic, Armenia. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091348. [PMID: 36143387 PMCID: PMC9502394 DOI: 10.3390/life12091348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Structures similar to fossilized nonspicular demosponges have been reported in carbonates throughout the Phanerozoic and recently in rocks dating back to 890 Ma ago. Interpretation of these records is increasingly influential to our understanding of metazoans in multiple aspects, including their early evolution, the ecology in fossil reefs, and recovery after mass extinction events. Here, we propose six identification criteria of “Keratosa”-type nonspicular demosponge fossils based on the well-established taphonomical models and their biological characteristics. Besides, sponge fossils of this kind from the lowermost Triassic of Chanakhchi (Armenia) are described with a 3-D reconstruction to exemplify the application of these criteria in recognition of such organisms. Subsequently, the state-of-the-art understanding of the taxonomy and evolution of these fossil sponges, a previously poorly addressed topic, is summarized. The morphology of the Triassic Chanakhchi fossils indicates an affinity with verongimorphs, a group that may have evolved by Cambrian Age 3. Other than that, further efforts are encouraged to forge quantitative criteria based on the here proposed descriptive version and to explore the taxonomic diversity and evolutionary details of these fossil nonspicular demosponges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (J.R.)
| | - Yu Pei
- Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sylvain Richoz
- Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Qijian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Joachim Reitner
- Department of Geobiology, Centre of Geosciences, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Academy of Science and Humanities, Theaterstraße 7, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (J.R.)
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2
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Manconi R, Cubeddu T, Pronzato R, Sanna MA, Nieddu G, Gaino E, Stocchino GA. Collagenic architecture and morphotraits in a marine basal metazoan as a model for bioinspired applied research. J Morphol 2022; 283:585-604. [PMID: 35119713 PMCID: PMC9306819 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In some Porifera (Demospongiae: Keratosa), prototypes of the connective system are almost exclusively based on collagenic networks. We studied the topographic distribution, spatial layout, microtraits, and/or morphogenesis of these collagenic structures in Ircinia retidermata (Dictyoceratida: Irciniidae). Analyses were carried out on a clonal strain from sustainable experimental mariculture by using light and scanning electron microscopy. Histology revealed new insights on the widely diversified and complex hierarchical assemblage of collagenic structures. Key evolutionary novelties in the organization of sponge connective system were found out. The aquiferous canals are shaped as corrugate‐like pipelines conferring plasticity to the water circulation system. Compact clusters of elongated cells are putatively involved in a nutrient transferring system. Knob‐ended filaments are characterized by a banding pattern and micro‐components. Ectosome and outer endosome districts are the active fibrogenetic areas, where exogenous material constitutes an axial condensation nucleus for the ensuing morphogenesis. The new data can be useful to understand not only the evolutionary novelties occurring in the target taxon but also the morpho‐functional significance of its adaptive collagenic anatomical traits. In addition, data may give insights on both marine collagen sustainable applied researches along with evolutionary and phylogenetic analyses, thus highlighting sponges as a key renewable source for inspired biomaterials. Therefore, we also promote bioresources sustainable exploitation with the aim to provide new donors of marine collagen, thereby supporting conservation of wild populations/species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Manconi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cubeddu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberto Pronzato
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Marina A Sanna
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gabriele Nieddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elda Gaino
- Viale Canepa 15/10, 16153 Sestri Ponente, Italy
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Moussa M, Choulak S, Rhouma‐Chatti S, Chatti N, Said K. First insight of genetic diversity, phylogeographic relationships, and population structure of marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis from the eastern and western Mediterranean coasts of Tunisia. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8494. [PMID: 35136554 PMCID: PMC8809441 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the strategic localization of Tunisia in the Mediterranean Sea, no phylogeographic study on sponges has been investigated along its shores. The demosponge Chondrosia reniformis, descript only morphologically along Tunisian coasts, was chosen to estimate the influence of natural oceanographic and biogeographic barriers on its genetic differentiation and its Phylogeography. The cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was amplified and analyzed for 70 Mediterranean Chondrosia reniformis, collected from eight localities in Tunisia. Polymorphism results revealed high values of haplotype diversity (H d) and very low nucleotide diversity (π). Thus, these results suggest that our sponge populations of C. reniformis may have undergone a bottleneck followed by rapid demographic expansion. This suggestion is strongly confirmed by the results of neutrality tests and "mismatch distribution." The important number of haplotypes between localities and the high genetic differentiation (F st ranged from 0.590 to 0.788) of the current C. reniformis populations could be maintained by the limited gene flow Nm (0.10-0.18). Both haplotype Network and the biogeographic analysis showed a structured distribution according to the geographic origin. C. reniformis populations are subdivided into two major clades: Western and Eastern Mediterranean. This pattern seems to be associated with the well-known discontinuous biogeographic area: the Siculo-Tunisian Strait, which separates two water bodies circulating with different hydrological, physical, and chemical characteristics. The short dispersal of pelagic larvae of C. reniformis and the marine bio-geographic barrier created high differentiation among populations. Additionally, it is noteworthy to mention that the "Mahres/Kerkennah" group diverged from Eastern groups in a single sub-clade. This result was expected, the region Mahres/Kerkennah, presented a particular marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Moussa
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity, and Bioresources Valorization (LR11ES41)Higher Institute of Biotechnology of MonastirUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Sarra Choulak
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity, and Bioresources Valorization (LR11ES41)Higher Institute of Biotechnology of MonastirUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Soumaya Rhouma‐Chatti
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity, and Bioresources Valorization (LR11ES41)Higher Institute of Biotechnology of MonastirUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Noureddine Chatti
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity, and Bioresources Valorization (LR11ES41)Higher Institute of Biotechnology of MonastirUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
| | - Khaled Said
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity, and Bioresources Valorization (LR11ES41)Higher Institute of Biotechnology of MonastirUniversity of MonastirMonastirTunisia
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Potential Biomedical Applications of Collagen Filaments derived from the Marine Demosponges Ircinia oros (Schmidt, 1864) and Sarcotragus foetidus (Schmidt, 1862). Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100563. [PMID: 34677462 PMCID: PMC8540060 DOI: 10.3390/md19100563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen filaments derived from the two marine demosponges Ircinia oros and Sarcotragus foetidus were for the first time isolated, biochemically characterised and tested for their potential use in regenerative medicine. SDS-PAGE of isolated filaments revealed a main collagen subunit band of 130 kDa in both of the samples under study. DSC analysis on 2D membranes produced with collagenous sponge filaments showed higher thermal stability than commercial mammalian-derived collagen membranes. Dynamic mechanical and thermal analysis attested that the membranes obtained from filaments of S. foetidus were more resistant and stable at the rising temperature, compared to the ones derived from filaments of I. oros. Moreover, the former has higher stability in saline and in collagenase solutions and evident antioxidant activity. Conversely, their water binding capacity results were lower than that of membranes obtained from I. oros. Adhesion and proliferation tests using L929 fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocytes resulted in a remarkable biocompatibility of both developed membrane models, and gene expression analysis showed an evident up-regulation of ECM-related genes. Finally, membranes from I. oros significantly increased type I collagen gene expression and its release in the culture medium. The findings here reported strongly suggest the biotechnological potential of these collagenous structures of poriferan origin as scaffolds for wound healing.
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Collagen hydroxylysine glycosylation: non-conventional substrates for atypical glycosyltransferase enzymes. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:855-866. [PMID: 33704379 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is a major constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that confers fundamental mechanical properties to tissues. To allow proper folding in triple-helices and organization in quaternary super-structures, collagen molecules require essential post-translational modifications (PTMs), including hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues, and subsequent attachment of glycan moieties (galactose and glucose) to specific hydroxylysine residues on procollagen alpha chains. The resulting galactosyl-hydroxylysine (Gal-Hyl) and less abundant glucosyl-galactosyl-hydroxylysine (Glc-Gal-Hyl) are amongst the simplest glycosylation patterns found in nature and are essential for collagen and ECM homeostasis. These collagen PTMs depend on the activity of specialized glycosyltransferase enzymes. Although their biochemical reactions have been widely studied, several key biological questions about the possible functions of these essential PTMs are still missing. In addition, the lack of three-dimensional structures of collagen glycosyltransferase enzymes hinders our understanding of the catalytic mechanisms producing this modification, as well as the impact of genetic mutations causing severe connective tissue pathologies. In this mini-review, we summarize the current knowledge on the biochemical features of the enzymes involved in the production of collagen glycosylations and the current state-of-the-art methods for the identification and characterization of this important PTM.
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Stocchino GA, Cubeddu T, Pronzato R, Sanna MA, Manconi R. Sponges architecture by colour: new insights into the fibres morphogenesis, skeletal spatial layout and morpho-anatomical traits of a marine horny sponge species (Porifera). THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2020.1862316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. A. Stocchino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - T. Cubeddu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - R. Pronzato
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e della Vita, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - M. A. Sanna
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - R. Manconi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Khrunyk Y, Lach S, Petrenko I, Ehrlich H. Progress in Modern Marine Biomaterials Research. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E589. [PMID: 33255647 PMCID: PMC7760574 DOI: 10.3390/md18120589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing demand for new, sophisticated, multifunctional materials has brought natural structural composites into focus, since they underwent a substantial optimization during long evolutionary selection pressure and adaptation processes. Marine biological materials are the most important sources of both inspiration for biomimetics and of raw materials for practical applications in technology and biomedicine. The use of marine natural products as multifunctional biomaterials is currently undergoing a renaissance in the modern materials science. The diversity of marine biomaterials, their forms and fields of application are highlighted in this review. We will discuss the challenges, solutions, and future directions of modern marine biomaterialogy using a thorough analysis of scientific sources over the past ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Khrunyk
- Department of Heat Treatment and Physics of Metal, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
- Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Slawomir Lach
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Iaroslav Petrenko
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
| | - Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland
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8
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Sionkowska A, Adamiak K, Musiał K, Gadomska M. Collagen Based Materials in Cosmetic Applications: A Review. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13194217. [PMID: 32977407 PMCID: PMC7578929 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a report on properties and recent advances in the application of collagen in cosmetics. Collagen is a structural protein found in animal organisms where it provides for the fundamental structural support. Most commonly it is extracted from mammalian and fish skin. Collagen has attracted significant academic interest as well as the attention of the cosmetic industry due to its interesting properties that include being a natural humectant and moisturizer for the skin. This review paper covers the biosynthesis of collagen, the sources of collagen used in the cosmetic industry, and the role played by this protein in cosmetics. Future aspects regarding applications of collagen-based materials in cosmetics have also been mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Sionkowska
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarin 7 street, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (K.A.); (K.M.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-56-611-4547
| | - Katarzyna Adamiak
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarin 7 street, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (K.A.); (K.M.); (M.G.)
- WellU sp.z.o.o, Wielkopolska 280 street, 81-531 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Musiał
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarin 7 street, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (K.A.); (K.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Magdalena Gadomska
- Department of Biomaterials and Cosmetics Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarin 7 street, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (K.A.); (K.M.); (M.G.)
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9
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Parisi JR, Fernandes KR, de Almeida Cruz M, Avanzi IR, de França Santana A, do Vale GCA, de Andrade ALM, de Góes CP, Fortulan CA, de Sousa Trichês E, Granito RN, Rennó ACM. Evaluation of the In Vivo Biological Effects of Marine Collagen and Hydroxyapatite Composite in a Tibial Bone Defect Model in Rats. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:357-366. [PMID: 32335738 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09955-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the most promising strategies to improve the biological performance of bone grafts is the combination of different biomaterials. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the incorporation of marine spongin (SPG) into Hydroxyapatite (HA) for bone tissue engineering proposals. The hypothesis of the current study is that SPG into HA would improve the biocompatibility of material and would have a positive stimulus into bone formation. Thus, HA and HA/SPG materials were produced and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed to characterize the samples. Also, in order to evaluate the in vivo tissue response, samples were implanted into a tibial bone defect in rats. Histopathological, immunohistochemistry, and biomechanical analyses were performed after 2 and 6 weeks of implantation to investigate the effects of the material on bone repair. The histological analysis demonstrated that composite presented an accelerated material degradation and enhanced newly bone formation. Additionally, histomorphometry analysis showed higher values of %BV/TV and N.Ob/T.Ar for HA/SPG. Runx-2 immunolabeling was higher for the composite group and no difference was found for VEGF. Moreover, the biomechanical analysis demonstrated similar values for all groups. These results indicated the potential of SPG to be used as an additive to HA to improve the biological performance for bone regeneration applications. However, further long-term studies should be carried out to provide additional information regarding the material degradation and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Risso Parisi
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Washington Luís, km 235, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Kelly Rossetti Fernandes
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Washington Luís, km 235, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ingrid Regina Avanzi
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alan de França Santana
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Laura Martins de Andrade
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Washington Luís, km 235, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Pereira de Góes
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Fortulan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliandra de Sousa Trichês
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Neves Granito
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
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Conci N, Wörheide G, Vargas S. New Non-Bilaterian Transcriptomes Provide Novel Insights into the Evolution of Coral Skeletomes. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:3068-3081. [PMID: 31518412 PMCID: PMC6824150 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A general trend observed in animal skeletomes-the proteins occluded in animal skeletons-is the copresence of taxonomically widespread and lineage-specific proteins that actively regulate the biomineralization process. Among cnidarians, the skeletomes of scleractinian corals have been shown to follow this trend. However, distributions and phylogenetic analyses of biomineralization-related genes are often based on only a few species, with other anthozoan calcifiers such as octocorals (soft corals), not being fully considered. We de novo assembled the transcriptomes of four soft-coral species characterized by different calcification strategies (aragonite skeleton vs. calcitic sclerites) and data-mined published nonbilaterian transcriptome resources to construct a taxonomically comprehensive sequence database to map the distribution of scleractinian and octocoral skeletome components. Cnidaria shared no skeletome proteins with Placozoa or Ctenophora, but did share some skeletome proteins with Porifera, such as galaxin-related proteins. Within Scleractinia and Octocorallia, we expanded the distribution for several taxonomically restricted genes such as secreted acidic proteins, scleritin, and carbonic anhydrases, and propose an early, single biomineralization-recruitment event for galaxin sensu stricto. Additionally, we show that the enrichment of acidic residues within skeletogenic proteins did not occur at the Corallimorpharia-Scleractinia transition, but appears to be associated with protein secretion into the organic matrix. Finally, the distribution of octocoral calcification-related proteins appears independent of skeleton mineralogy (i.e., aragonite/calcite) with no differences in the proportion of shared skeletogenic proteins between scleractinians and aragonitic or calcitic octocorals. This points to skeletome homogeneity within but not between groups of calcifying cnidarians, although some proteins such as galaxins and SCRiP-3a could represent instances of commonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Conci
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- GeoBio-Center LMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- SNSB—Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Munich, Germany
| | - Sergio Vargas
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Rahman MA. Collagen of Extracellular Matrix from Marine Invertebrates and Its Medical Applications. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E118. [PMID: 30769916 PMCID: PMC6410095 DOI: 10.3390/md17020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraction and purification of collagen are of great interest due to its biological function and medicinal applications. Although marine invertebrates are abundant in the animal kingdom, our knowledge of their extracellular matrix (ECM), which mainly contains collagen, is lacking. The functions of collagen isolated from marine invertebrates remain an untouched source of the proteinaceous component in the development of groundbreaking pharmaceuticals. This review will give an overview of currently used collagens and their future applications, as well as the methodological issues of collagens from marine invertebrates for potential drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Azizur Rahman
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
- Center for Climate Change Research, Toronto, ON M4P 1J4, Canada.
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12
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Pozzolini M, Millo E, Oliveri C, Mirata S, Salis A, Damonte G, Arkel M, Scarfì S. Elicited ROS Scavenging Activity, Photoprotective, and Wound-Healing Properties of Collagen-Derived Peptides from the Marine Sponge Chondrosia reniformis. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16120465. [PMID: 30477144 PMCID: PMC6316299 DOI: 10.3390/md16120465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the bioactive properties of marine collagen and marine collagen hydrolysates have been demonstrated. Although there is some literature assessing the general chemical features and biocompatibility of collagen extracts from marine sponges, no data are available on the biological effects of sponge collagen hydrolysates for biomedical and/or cosmetic purposes. Here, we studied the in vitro toxicity, antioxidant, wound-healing, and photoprotective properties of four HPLC-purified fractions of trypsin-digested collagen extracts-marine collagen hydrolysates (MCHs)-from the marine sponge C. reniformis. The results showed that the four MCHs have no degree of toxicity on the cell lines analyzed; conversely, they were able to stimulate cell growth. They showed a significant antioxidant activity both in cell-free assays as well as in H₂O₂ or quartz-stimulated macrophages, going from 23% to 60% of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity for the four MCHs. Finally, an in vitro wound-healing test was performed with fibroblasts and keratinocytes, and the survival of both cells was evaluated after UV radiation. In both experiments, MCHs showed significant results, increasing the proliferation speed and protecting from UV-induced cell death. Overall, these data open the way to the use of C. reniformis MCHs in drug and cosmetic formulations for damaged or photoaged skin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pozzolini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Enrico Millo
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Biochemistry Section, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy.
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Caterina Oliveri
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Serena Mirata
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Salis
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Biochemistry Section, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy.
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Damonte
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Biochemistry Section, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy.
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Maria Arkel
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Biochemistry Section, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genova, Italy.
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Sonia Scarfì
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy.
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Pozzolini M, Scarfì S, Gallus L, Castellano M, Vicini S, Cortese K, Gagliani MC, Bertolino M, Costa G, Giovine M. Production, Characterization and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Collagen Membranes Derived from Marine Sponge Chondrosia reniformis Nardo, 1847. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E111. [PMID: 29596370 PMCID: PMC5923398 DOI: 10.3390/md16040111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is involved in the formation of complex fibrillar networks, providing the structural integrity of tissues. Its low immunogenicity and mechanical properties make this molecule a biomaterial that is extremely suitable for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) strategies in human health issues. Here, for the first time, we performed a thorough screening of four different methods to obtain sponge collagenous fibrillar suspensions (FSs) from C. reniformis demosponge, which were then chemically, physically, and biologically characterized, in terms of protein, collagen, and glycosaminoglycans content, viscous properties, biocompatibility, and antioxidant activity. These four FSs were then tested for their capability to generate crosslinked or not thin sponge collagenous membranes (SCMs) that are suitable for TERM purposes. Two types of FSs, of the four tested, were able to generate SCMs, either from crosslinking or not, and showed good mechanical properties, enzymatic degradation resistance, water binding capacity, antioxidant activity, and biocompatibility on both fibroblast and keratinocyte cell cultures. Finally, our results demonstrate that it is possible to adapt the extraction procedure in order to alternatively improve the mechanical properties or the antioxidant performances of the derived biomaterial, depending on the application requirements, thanks to the versatility of C. reniformis extracellular matrix extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pozzolini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Sonia Scarfì
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Gallus
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Maila Castellano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI), University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy.
| | - Silvia Vicini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI), University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy.
| | - Katia Cortese
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Human Anatomy Section, University of Genova, Via De Toni 14, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Gagliani
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Human Anatomy Section, University of Genova, Via De Toni 14, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Marco Bertolino
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Costa
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
| | - Marco Giovine
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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14
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Jesionowski T, Norman M, Żółtowska-Aksamitowska S, Petrenko I, Joseph Y, Ehrlich H. Marine Spongin: Naturally Prefabricated 3D Scaffold-Based Biomaterial. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E88. [PMID: 29522478 PMCID: PMC5867632 DOI: 10.3390/md16030088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis, chemistry, structural features and functionality of spongin as a halogenated scleroprotein of keratosan demosponges are still paradigms. This review has the principal goal of providing thorough and comprehensive coverage of spongin as a naturally prefabricated 3D biomaterial with multifaceted applications. The history of spongin's discovery and use in the form of commercial sponges, including their marine farming strategies, have been analyzed and are discussed here. Physicochemical and material properties of spongin-based scaffolds are also presented. The review also focuses on prospects and trends in applications of spongin for technology, materials science and biomedicine. Special attention is paid to applications in tissue engineering, adsorption of dyes and extreme biomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Norman
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Sonia Żółtowska-Aksamitowska
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Iaroslav Petrenko
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger str. 23, 09559 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Joseph
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger str. 23, 09559 Freiberg, Germany.
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15
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Ehrlich H, Wysokowski M, Żółtowska-Aksamitowska S, Petrenko I, Jesionowski T. Collagens of Poriferan Origin. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E79. [PMID: 29510493 PMCID: PMC5867623 DOI: 10.3390/md16030079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis, structural diversity, and functionality of collagens of sponge origin are still paradigms and causes of scientific controversy. This review has the ambitious goal of providing thorough and comprehensive coverage of poriferan collagens as a multifaceted topic with intriguing hypotheses and numerous challenging open questions. The structural diversity, chemistry, and biochemistry of collagens in sponges are analyzed and discussed here. Special attention is paid to spongins, collagen IV-related proteins, fibrillar collagens from demosponges, and collagens from glass sponge skeletal structures. The review also focuses on prospects and trends in applications of sponge collagens for technology, materials science and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger str. 23, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
| | - Marcin Wysokowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 61131 Poznan, Poland; (M.W.); (S.Ż.-A.); (T.J.)
| | - Sonia Żółtowska-Aksamitowska
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 61131 Poznan, Poland; (M.W.); (S.Ż.-A.); (T.J.)
| | - Iaroslav Petrenko
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger str. 23, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 61131 Poznan, Poland; (M.W.); (S.Ż.-A.); (T.J.)
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16
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Collagen from the Marine Sponges Axinella cannabina and Suberites carnosus: Isolation and Morphological, Biochemical, and Biophysical Characterization. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15060152. [PMID: 28555046 PMCID: PMC5484102 DOI: 10.3390/md15060152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In search of alternative and safer sources of collagen for biomedical applications, the marine demosponges Axinella cannabina and Suberites carnosus, collected from the Aegean and the Ionian Seas, respectively, were comparatively studied for their insoluble collagen, intercellular collagen, and spongin-like collagen content. The isolated collagenous materials were morphologically, physicochemically, and biophysically characterized. Using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy the fibrous morphology of the isolated collagens was confirmed, whereas the amino acid analysis, in conjunction with infrared spectroscopy studies, verified the characteristic for the collagen amino acid profile and its secondary structure. Furthermore, the isoelectric point and thermal behavior were determined by titration and differential scanning calorimetry, in combination with circular dichroism spectroscopic studies, respectively.
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17
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Szatkowski T, Siwińska-Stefańska K, Wysokowski M, Stelling AL, Joseph Y, Ehrlich H, Jesionowski T. Immobilization of Titanium(IV) Oxide onto 3D Spongin Scaffolds of Marine Sponge Origin According to Extreme Biomimetics Principles for Removal of C.I. Basic Blue 9. Biomimetics (Basel) 2017; 2:E4. [PMID: 31105167 PMCID: PMC6477614 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics2020004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of extreme biomimetics is to design a bridge between extreme biomineralization and bioinspired materials chemistry, where the basic principle is to exploit chemically and thermally stable, renewable biopolymers for the development of the next generation of biologically inspired advanced and functional composite materials. This study reports for the first time the use of proteinaceous spongin-based scaffolds isolated from marine demosponge Hippospongia communis as a three-dimensional (3D) template for the hydrothermal deposition of crystalline titanium dioxide. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assisted with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping, low temperature nitrogen sorption, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and attenuated total reflectance⁻Fourier transform infrared (ATR⁻FTIR) spectroscopy are used as characterization techniques. It was found that, after hydrothermal treatment crystalline titania in anatase form is obtained, which forms a coating around spongin microfibers through interaction with negatively charged functional groups of the structural protein as well as via hydrogen bonding. The material was tested as a potential heterogeneous photocatalyst for removal of C.I. Basic Blue 9 dye under UV irradiation. The obtained 3D composite material shows a high efficiency of dye removal through both adsorption and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Szatkowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Pl-60965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Siwińska-Stefańska
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Pl-60965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marcin Wysokowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Pl-60965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Allison L Stelling
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, 307 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Yvonne Joseph
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner-Str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 23, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Pl-60965 Poznan, Poland.
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18
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Determination of the Halogenated Skeleton Constituents of the Marine Demosponge Ianthella basta. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15020034. [PMID: 28208597 PMCID: PMC5334614 DOI: 10.3390/md15020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Demosponges of the order Verongida such as Ianthella basta exhibit skeletons containing spongin, a collagenous protein, and chitin. Moreover, Verongida sponges are well known to produce bioactive brominated tyrosine derivatives. We recently demonstrated that brominated compounds do not only occur in the cellular matrix but also in the skeletons of the marine sponges Aplysina cavernicola and I. basta. Further investigations revealed the amino acid composition of the skeletons of A. cavernicola including the presence of several halogenated amino acids. In the present work, we investigated the skeletal amino acid composition of the demosponge I. basta, which belongs to the Ianthellidae family, and compared it with that of A. cavernicola from the Aplysinidae family. Seventeen proteinogenic and five non-proteinogenic amino acids were detected in I. basta. Abundantly occurring amino acids like glycine and hydroxyproline show the similarity of I. basta and A. cavernicola and confirm the collagenous nature of their sponging fibers. We also detected nine halogenated tyrosines as an integral part of I. basta skeletons. Since both sponges contain a broad variety of halogenated amino acids, this seems to be characteristic for Verongida sponges. The observed differences of the amino acid composition confirm that spongin exhibits a certain degree of variability even among the members of the order Verongida.
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19
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Langasco R, Cadeddu B, Formato M, Lepedda AJ, Cossu M, Giunchedi P, Pronzato R, Rassu G, Manconi R, Gavini E. Natural collagenic skeleton of marine sponges in pharmaceutics: Innovative biomaterial for topical drug delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:710-720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Baumann S, Hennet T. Collagen Accumulation in Osteosarcoma Cells lacking GLT25D1 Collagen Galactosyltransferase. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:18514-24. [PMID: 27402836 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.723379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen is post-translationally modified by prolyl and lysyl hydroxylation and subsequently by glycosylation of hydroxylysine. Despite the widespread occurrence of the glycan structure Glc(α1-2)Gal linked to hydroxylysine in animals, the functional significance of collagen glycosylation remains elusive. To address the role of glycosylation in collagen expression, folding, and secretion, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to inactivate the collagen galactosyltransferase GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 genes in osteosarcoma cells. Loss of GLT25D1 led to increased expression and intracellular accumulation of collagen type I, whereas loss of GLT25D2 had no effect on collagen secretion. Inactivation of the GLT25D1 gene resulted in a compensatory induction of GLT25D2 expression. Loss of GLT25D1 decreased collagen glycosylation by up to 60% but did not alter collagen folding and thermal stability. Whereas cells harboring individually inactivated GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 genes could be recovered and maintained in culture, cell clones with simultaneously inactive GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 genes could be not grown and studied, suggesting that a complete loss of collagen glycosylation impairs osteosarcoma cell proliferation and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Baumann
- From the Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Hennet
- From the Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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22
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Lacoue-Labarthe T, Warnau M, Beaugeard L, Pascal PY. Trophic transfer of radioisotopes in Mediterranean sponges through bacteria consumption. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1885-1892. [PMID: 26544727 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous field studies highlighted the capacities of marine sponges to bioaccumulate trace elements and assessed their potential as biomonitors of the marine environment. Experimental works demonstrated that dissolved metals and radionuclides can be taken up directly by sponge tissues but, to the best of our knowledge, little is known on the contribution of the dietary pathway through the consumption of contaminated bacteria considered as one of the trophic source in sponge diet. Objectives of this work are to study trophic transfer of radiotracers (110m)Ag, (241)Am, (109)Cd, (57)Co, (134)Cs, (54)Mn and (65)Zn from the marine bacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri to the Mediterranean sponges Aplysina cavernicola and Ircinia oros. P. stutzeri efficiently bioaccumulated trace elements in our culture experimental conditions with CF comprised between 10(5) and 10(7) after 48 h of growth in radiolabeled medium. When fed with these radiolabelled bacteria, A. cavernicola took up around 60% of radiotracers accumulated in trophic source except (134)Cs for which only 8% has been transferred from bacteria to sponge. Contrasting to this, I. oros retained only 7% of (110m)Ag, (109)Cd and (65)Zn counted in bacteria, but retained 2-fold longer accumulated metals in its tissues. The sponge inter-specific differences of accumulation and depuration following a trophic exposure are discussed with respect to the structure and the clearance capacities of each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe
- International Atomic Energy Agency - Environment Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine Ier, MC 98000 Monaco, Monaco; Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, UMR 7266 CNRS - Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France.
| | - Michel Warnau
- International Atomic Energy Agency - Environment Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine Ier, MC 98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - Laureen Beaugeard
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, UMR 7266 CNRS - Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Pascal
- Département de Biologie, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, UMR 7138 UPMC-CNRS-MNHN-IRD, Equipe 'biologie de la mangrove', UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, BP 592, 97159 Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
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23
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Germer J, Mann K, Wörheide G, Jackson DJ. The Skeleton Forming Proteome of an Early Branching Metazoan: A Molecular Survey of the Biomineralization Components Employed by the Coralline Sponge Vaceletia Sp. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140100. [PMID: 26536128 PMCID: PMC4633127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to construct a mineralized skeleton was a major innovation for the Metazoa during their evolution in the late Precambrian/early Cambrian. Porifera (sponges) hold an informative position for efforts aimed at unraveling the origins of this ability because they are widely regarded to be the earliest branching metazoans, and are among the first multi-cellular animals to display the ability to biomineralize in the fossil record. Very few biomineralization associated proteins have been identified in sponges so far, with no transcriptome or proteome scale surveys yet available. In order to understand what genetic repertoire may have been present in the last common ancestor of the Metazoa (LCAM), and that may have contributed to the evolution of the ability to biocalcify, we have studied the skeletal proteome of the coralline demosponge Vaceletia sp. and compare this to other metazoan biomineralizing proteomes. We bring some spatial resolution to this analysis by dividing Vaceletia's aragonitic calcium carbonate skeleton into "head" and "stalk" regions. With our approach we were able to identify 40 proteins from both the head and stalk regions, with many of these sharing some similarity to previously identified gene products from other organisms. Among these proteins are known biomineralization compounds, such as carbonic anhydrase, spherulin, extracellular matrix proteins and very acidic proteins. This report provides the first proteome scale analysis of a calcified poriferan skeletal proteome, and its composition clearly demonstrates that the LCAM contributed several key enzymes and matrix proteins to its descendants that supported the metazoan ability to biocalcify. However, lineage specific evolution is also likely to have contributed significantly to the ability of disparate metazoan lineages to biocalcify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Germer
- Department of Geobiology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Mann
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Munich, Germany
| | - Gert Wörheide
- Department of Earth- and Environmental Sciences & GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
- SNSB—Bavarian State Collections of Palaeontology & Geology, München, Germany
| | - Daniel John Jackson
- Department of Geobiology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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24
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Szatkowski T, Wysokowski M, Lota G, Pęziak D, Bazhenov VV, Nowaczyk G, Walter J, Molodtsov SL, Stöcker H, Himcinschi C, Petrenko I, Stelling AL, Jurga S, Jesionowski T, Ehrlich H. Novel nanostructured hematite–spongin composite developed using an extreme biomimetic approach. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09379a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristic mineral-free fibrous skeletons (made of structural protein-spongin) of H. communis (Demospongiae: Porifera) was used as a structural template in hydrothermal synthesis of hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles.
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25
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Ueberlein S, Machill S, Niemann H, Proksch P, Brunner E. The skeletal amino acid composition of the marine demosponge Aplysina cavernicola. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:4417-38. [PMID: 25110918 PMCID: PMC4145324 DOI: 10.3390/md12084417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been discovered during the past few years that demosponges of the order Verongida such as Aplysina cavernicola exhibit chitin-based skeletons. Verongida sponges are well known to produce bioactive brominated tyrosine derivatives. We could recently demonstrate that brominated compounds do not exclusively occur in the cellular matrix but also in the skeletons of the marine sponges Aplysina cavernicola and Ianthella basta. Our measurements imply that these yet unknown compounds are strongly, possibly covalently bound to the sponge skeletons. In the present work, we determined the skeletal amino acid composition of the demosponge A. cavernicola especially with respect to the presence of halogenated amino acids. The investigations of the skeletons before and after MeOH extraction confirmed that only a small amount of the brominated skeleton-bound compounds dissolves in MeOH. The main part of the brominated compounds is strongly attached to the skeletons but can be extracted for example by using Ba(OH)2. Various halogenated tyrosine derivatives were identified by GC-MS and LC-MS in these Ba(OH)2 extracts of the skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne Machill
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Niemann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, Geb. 26.23, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, Geb. 26.23, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
| | - Eike Brunner
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany.
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26
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Watson JR, Brennan TCR, Degnan BM, Degnan SM, Krömer JO. Analysis of the biomass composition of the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica on Heron Island Reef, Australia. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:3733-53. [PMID: 24960461 PMCID: PMC4071599 DOI: 10.3390/md12063733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges are a potential source of important pharmaceutical drugs, the commercialisation of which is restricted by the difficulties of obtaining a sufficient and regular supply of biomass. One way to optimize commercial cell lines for production is the in-depth characterization and target identification through genome scale metabolic modeling and flux analysis. By applying these tools to a sponge, we hope to gain insights into how biomass is formed. We chose Amphimedon queenslandica as it has an assembled and annotated genome, a prerequisite for genome scale modeling. The first stepping stone on the way to metabolic flux analysis in a sponge holobiont, is the characterization of its biomass composition. In this study we quantified the macromolecular composition and investigated the variation between and within sponges of a single population. We found lipids and protein to be the most abundant macromolecules, while carbohydrates were the most variable. We also analysed the composition and abundance of the fatty acids and amino acids, the important building blocks required to synthesise the abundant macromolecule types, lipids, and protein. These data complement the extensive genomic information available for A. queenslandica and lay the basis for genome scale modelling and flux analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabin R Watson
- School of Biological Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Timothy C R Brennan
- Systems and Synthetic Biology Group, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Bernard M Degnan
- School of Biological Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Sandie M Degnan
- School of Biological Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Jens O Krömer
- Centre for Microbial Electrosynthesis (CEMES), Advanced Water Management Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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27
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First report of fossil "keratose" demosponges in Phanerozoic carbonates: preservation and 3-D reconstruction. Naturwissenschaften 2014; 101:467-77. [PMID: 24763744 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-014-1176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fossil record of Phanerozoic non-spicular sponges, beside of being important with respect to the lineage evolution per se, could provide valuable references for the investigation of Precambrian ancestral animal fossils. However, although modern phylogenomic studies resolve non-spicular demosponges as the sister group of the remaining spiculate demosponges, the fossil record of the former is extremely sparse or unexplored compared to that of the latter; the Middle Cambrian Vauxiidae Walcott 1920, is the only confirmed fossil taxon of non-spicular demosponges. Here, we describe carbonate materials from Devonian (Upper Givetian to Lower Frasnian) bioherms of northern France and Triassic (Anisian) microbialites of Poland that most likely represent fossil remnants of keratose demosponges. These putative fossils of keratose demosponges are preserved as automicritic clumps. They are morphologically distinguishable from microbial fabrics but similar to other spiculate sponge fossils, except that the skeletal elements consist of fibrous networks instead of assembled spicules. Consistent with the immunological behavior of sponges, these fibrous skeletons often form a rim at the edge of the automicritic aggregate, separating the inner part of the aggregate from foreign objects. To confirm the architecture of these fibrous networks, two fossil specimens and a modern thorectid sponge for comparison were processed for three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction using serial grinding tomography. The resulting fossil reconstructions are three-dimensionally anastomosing, like modern keratose demosponges, but their irregular and nonhierarchical meshes indicate a likely verongid affinity, although a precise taxonomic conclusion cannot be made based on the skeletal architecture alone. This study is a preliminary effort, but an important start to identify fossil non-spicular demosponges in carbonates and to re-evaluate their fossilization potential.
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Genta-Jouve G, Cachet N, Oberhänsli F, Noyer C, Teyssié JL, Thomas OP, Lacoue-Labarthe T. Comparative bioaccumulation kinetics of trace elements in Mediterranean marine sponges. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 89:340-349. [PMID: 22633418 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
While marine organisms such as bivalves, seagrasses and macroalgae are commonly used as biomonitors for the environment pollution assessment, widely distributed sponges received little attention as potential helpful species for monitoring programmes. In this study, the trace element and radionuclide bioaccumulation and retention capacities of some marine sponges were estimated in a species-comparative study using radiotracers technique. Six Mediterranean species were exposed to background dissolved concentrations of (110m)Ag, (241)Am, (109)Cd, (60)Co, (134)Cs, (54)Mn, (75)Se and (65)Zn allowing the assessment of the uptake and depuration kinetics for selected elements. Globally, massive demosponges Agelas oroides, Chondrosia reniformis and Ircinia variabilis displayed higher concentration factor (CF) than the erectile ones (Acanthella acuta, Cymbaxinella damicornis, Cymbaxinella verrucosa) at the end of exposure, suggesting that the morphology is a key factor in the metal bioaccumulation efficiency. Considering this observation, two exceptions were noted: (1) A. acuta reached the highest CF for (110m)Ag and strongly retained the accumulated metal without significant Ag loss when placed in depuration conditions and (2) C. reniformis did not accumulate Se as much as A. oroides and I. variabilis. These results suggest that peculiar metal uptake properties in sponges could be driven by specific metabolites or contrasting biosilification processes between species, respectively. This study demonstrated that sponges could be considered as valuable candidate for biomonitoring metal contamination but also that there is a need to experimentally highlight metal-dependant characteristic among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Genta-Jouve
- University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice Institute of Chemistry-PCRE, UMR 7272 CNRS, Faculté des Science, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 02, France
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Nicklas M, Schatton W, Heinemann S, Hanke T, Kreuter J. Enteric coating derived from marine sponge collagen. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 35:1384-8. [PMID: 19832639 DOI: 10.3109/03639040902939239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteric coating prevents oral dose forms from being digested in the stomach, which is required for drugs that are acid unstable, have an irritant effect on the stomach, or are designed to act in the small intestine. AIM The objective of this study was to develop a novel gastroresistant delayed-release tablet coating based on the marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis Nardo and to investigate the technical feasibility of the coating process. METHOD An aqueous gastroresistant coating dispersion on the base of freeze-dried sponge collagen 15% (w/w) as the film-forming agent was developed. The disintegration test for gastroresistant tablets (Ph. Eur.) was carried out at increasing coating levels to reveal the required collagen layer thickness. Reproducibility of the method, physical properties, and stability of the coated tablets were investigated. RESULTS Tablets coated with 13 mg/cm(2) of sponge collagen resisted more than 2 hours to 0.1 M hydrochloric acid, and disintegration of all tablets occurred within 10 minutes in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8). The method was reproducible, the mechanical properties of the coated tablets were satisfactory, and the obtained tablets could be stored for at least 6 months without loosing enteric properties. CONCLUSIONS The novel coating based on the marine sponge collagen (using 12.9 mg/cm(2) coating material) complied with the requirements of Ph. Eur. for gastroresistant tablets. This coating material also meets the regulatory requirements for dietary supplements.
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Abstract
Advantages of drug-incorporated collagen particles have been described for the controlled delivery system for therapeutic actions. The attractiveness of collagen lies in its low immunogenicity and high biocompatibility. It is also recognized by the body as a natural constituent rather than a foreign body. Our research and development efforts are focused towards addressing some of the limitations of collagen, like the high viscosity of an aqueous phase, nondissolution in neutral pH buffers, thermal instability (denaturation) and biodegradability, to make it an ideal material for drug delivery with particular reference to microparticles. These limitations could be overcome by making collagen conjugates with other biomaterials or chemically modifying collagen monomer without affecting its triple helical conformation and maintaining its native properties. This article highlights collagen microparticles' present status as a carrier in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Sehgal
- Central Leather Research Institute, Bio-products Laboratory, Adyar, Chennai-600020, India.
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Müller WEG, Schlossmacher U, Eckert C, Krasko A, Boreiko A, Ushijima H, Wolf SE, Tremel W, Müller IM, Schröder HC. Analysis of the axial filament in spicules of the demosponge Geodia cydonium: Different silicatein composition in microscleres (asters) and megascleres (oxeas and triaenes). Eur J Cell Biol 2007; 86:473-87. [PMID: 17658193 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Revised: 06/09/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeleton of the siliceous sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida and Demospongiae) is supported by spicules composed of bio-silica. In the axial canals of megascleres, harboring the axial filaments, three isoforms of the enzyme silicatein (-alpha, -beta and -gamma) have been identified until now, using the demosponges Tethya aurantium and Suberites domuncula. Here we describe the composition of the proteinaceous components of the axial filament from small spicules, the microscleres, in the demosponge Geodia cydonium that possesses megascleres and microscleres. The morphology of the different spicule types is described. Also in G. cydonium the synthesis of the spicules starts intracellularly and they are subsequently extruded to the extracellular space. In contrast to the composition of the silicateins in the megascleres (isoforms: -alpha, -beta and -gamma), the axial filaments of the microscleres contain only one form of silicatein, termed silicatein-alpha/beta, with a size of 25kDa. Silicatein-alpha/beta undergoes three phosphorylation steps. The gene encoding silicatein-alpha/beta was identified and found to comprise the same characteristic sites, described previously for silicateins-alpha or -beta. It is hypothesized, that the different composition of the axial filaments, with respect to silicateins, contributes to the morphology of the different types of spicules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner E G Müller
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
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Ehrlich H, Maldonado M, Spindler KD, Eckert C, Hanke T, Born R, Goebel C, Simon P, Heinemann S, Worch H. First evidence of chitin as a component of the skeletal fibers of marine sponges. Part I. Verongidae (demospongia: Porifera). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2007; 308:347-56. [PMID: 17285638 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Porifera (sponges) are often regarded as the oldest, extant metazoan phylum, also bearing the ancestral stage for most features occurring in higher animals. The absence of chitin in sponges, except for the wall of peculiar resistance bodies produced by a highly derived fresh-water group, is puzzling, since it points out chitin to be an autapomorphy for a particular sponge family rather than the ancestral condition within the metazoan lineage. By investigating the internal proteinaceous (spongin) skeleton of two demosponges (Aplysina sp. and Verongula gigantea) using a wide array of techniques (Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman, X-ray, Calcofluor White Staining, Immunolabeling, and chitinase test), we show that chitin is a component of the outermost layer (cuticle) of the skeletal fibers of these demosponges. FTIR and Raman spectra, as well as X-ray difractograms consistently revealed that sponge chitin is much closer to the alpha-chitin known from other animals than to beta-chitin. These findings support the view that the occurrence of a chitin-producing system is the ancestral condition in Metazoa, and that the alpha-chitin is the primitive form in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Ehrlich
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
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Müller WE, Krasko A, Le Pennec G, Steffen R, Wiens M, Ammar MSA, Müller IM, Schröder HC. Molecular mechanism of spicule formation in the demosponge Suberites domuncula: silicatein--collagen--myotrophin. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2003; 33:195-221. [PMID: 14518374 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-55486-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner E Müller
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Universität, Duesbergweg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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Swatschek D, Schatton W, Kellermann J, Müller WEG, Kreuter J. Marine sponge collagen: isolation, characterization and effects on the skin parameters surface-pH, moisture and sebum. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2002; 53:107-13. [PMID: 11777758 DOI: 10.1016/s0939-6411(01)00192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A previously described isolation procedure for collagen of the marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis Nardo was modified for scaling-up reasons yielding 30% of collagen (freeze-dried collagen in relation to freeze-dried sponge). Light microscope observations showed fibrous structures. Transmission electron microscopy studies proved the collagenous nature of this material: high magnifications showed the typical periodic banding-pattern of collagen fibres. However, the results of the amino acid analysis differed from most publications, presumably due to impurities that still were present. In agreement with earlier studies, sponge collagen was insoluble in dilute acid mediums and all solvents investigated. Dispersion of collagen was facilitated when dilute basic mediums were employed. The acid-base properties of the material were investigated by titration. Furthermore, a sponge extract was incorporated in two different formulations and compared with their extract-free analogues and a commercially available collagen containing product with respect to their effects on biophysical skin parameters. None of the preparations had a noticeable influence on the physiological skin surface pH. Skin hydration increased only slightly. However, all tested formulations showed a significant increase of lipids measured by sebumetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Swatschek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe 1-1 University, Biocenter, Marie-Curie-Strasse 9, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Krasko A, Lorenz B, Batel R, Schröder HC, Müller IM, Müller WE. Expression of silicatein and collagen genes in the marine sponge Suberites domuncula is controlled by silicate and myotrophin. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2000; 267:4878-87. [PMID: 10903523 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The major skeletal elements in the (Porifera) sponges, are spicules formed from inorganic material. The spicules in the Demospongiae class are composed of hydrated, amorphous silica. Recently an enzyme, silicatein, which polymerizes alkoxide substrates to silica was described from the sponge Tethya aurantia. In the present study the cDNA encoding silicatein was isolated from the sponge Suberites domuncula. The deduced polypeptide comprises 331 amino acids and has a calculated size of Mr 36 306. This cDNA was used as a probe to study the potential role of silicate on the expression of the silicatein gene. For these studies, primmorphs, a special form of aggregates composed of proliferating cells, have been used. It was found that after increasing the concentration of soluble silicate in the seawater medium from around 1 microM to approximately 60 microM, this gene is strongly upregulated. Without additional silicate only a very weak expression could be measured. Because silica as well as collagen are required for the formation of spicules, the expression of the gene encoding collagen was measured in parallel. It was also found that the level of transcripts for collagen strongly increases in the presence of 60 microM soluble silicate. In addition, it is demonstrated that the expression of collagen is also upregulated in those primmorphs which were treated with recombinant myotrophin obtained from the same sponge. Myotrophin, however, had no effect on the expression of silicatein. From these data we conclude that silicate influences the expression of the enzyme silicatein and also the expression of collagen, (via the mediator myotrophin).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krasko
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung für Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Universität Mainz, Germany
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Aho S, Turakainen H, Onnela ML, Boedtker H. Characterization of an intronless collagen gene family in the marine sponge Microciona prolifera. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:7288-92. [PMID: 8346246 PMCID: PMC47122 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.15.7288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Two independent clones from the genomic DNA of a marine sponge Microciona prolifera were isolated by hybridization to the Caenorhabditis elegans Col-1 gene and one clone was obtained from genomic DNA by PCR. They contain open reading frames (MpCol1, MpCol2, MpCol3, MpCol4) capable of coding for a family of collagens different from those previously found in sponges. Southern blotting of genomic DNA suggested the presence of several other homologous genes. cDNA clones covering most of the triple-helical coding domain and the 3' untranslated region of MpCol1 were isolated by specific primers and reverse PCR. Two cDNA clones end in the middle of an AATAAA sequence 170 bp downstream from the translation stop codon of MpCol1. The putative NH2-terminal noncollagenous peptide is composed of only seven amino acid residues. The 1074-bp triple-helical coding region is not interrupted by intervening sequences. It codes for a polypeptide of 120 Gly-Xaa-Yaa triplets with only one short interruption near the COOH terminus. A putative N-glycosylation sequence (Asn-Gly-Ser), three Arg-Gly-Asp triplets known as cell recognition peptides, frequent Lys residues in the Yaa position (which are templates for hydroxylation), several Lys-Gly-Asn/Xaa-Arg peptides known as the lysyl oxidase recognition site, and long stretches without imino acids could be found within the triple-helical domain. The short COOH-terminal noncollagenous domain closely resembles that of nematode cuticular collagens and vertebrate nonfibrillar collagens. Our results strongly support the idea that the diversity of collagen genes and gene families found in higher organisms already existed in sponge.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aho
- Research Laboratories, Alko Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
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Characterization of a fibrillar collagen gene in sponges reveals the early evolutionary appearance of two collagen gene families. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:6669-73. [PMID: 2395869 PMCID: PMC54598 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.17.6669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have characterized cDNA and genomic clones coding for a sponge collagen. The partial cDNA has an open reading frame encoding 547 amino acid residues. The conceptual translation product contains a probably incomplete triple-helical domain (307 amino acids) with one Gly-Xaa-Yaa-Zaa imperfection in the otherwise perfect Gly-Xaa-Yaa repeats and a carboxyl propeptide (240 amino acids) that includes 7 cysteine residues. Amino acid sequence comparisons indicate that this sponge collagen is homologous to vertebrate and sea urchin fibrillar collagens. Partial characterization of the corresponding gene reveals an intron-exon organization clearly related to the fibrillar collagen gene family. The exons coding for the triple-helical domain are 54 base pairs (bp) or multiples thereof, except for a 57-bp exon containing the Gly-Xaa-Yaa-Zaa coding sequence and for two unusual exons of 126 and 18 bp, respectively. This latter 18-bp exon marks the end of the triple-helical domain, contrary to the other known fibrillar collagen genes that contain exons coding for the junction between the triple-helical domain and the carboxyl propeptide. Compared to other fibrillar collagen genes, the introns are remarkably small. Hybridization to blotted RNAs established that the gene transcript is 4.9 kilobases. Together with previous results that showed the existence of a nonfibrillar collagen in the same species, these data demonstrate that at least two collagen gene families are represented in the most primitive metazoa.
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Simpson TL, Langenbruch PF, Scalera-Liaci L. The unique fibrillar matrix of the marine spongeStelletta grubii. J Morphol 1985; 186:343-359. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051860310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Junqua S, Lemonnier M, Robert L. Glycoconjugates from “Spongia officinalis” (phylum porifera). Isolation, fractionation by affinity chromatography on lectins and partial characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(81)90334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zylberberg L, Castanet J, De Ricqles A. Structure of the dermal scales in gymnophiona (Amphibia). J Morphol 1980; 165:41-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051650105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Sternberg M, De Grandpré P, Pelletier V, Carter M. Excretion and synthesis of basement membrane disaccharide units in Masugi nephritis. Kidney Int 1979; 16:329-36. [PMID: 529679 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1979.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During nephrotoxic nephritis in the rat, an increased urinary excretion of glucosyl-galactosyl hydroxylysine and of galactosyl-hydroxylysine has been observed in the autologous phase of the disease. This due mainly to an elevation of the polypeptide-bound fraction of these hydroxylysyl glucosides with a molecular weight over 1,000 daltons. The levels of both urinary hydroxylysyl glucosides were correlated with proteinuria. Their increased excretion appears to originate in the lysed glomerular basement membrane. At the same stage of nephrotoxic nephritis, an increased glucosyl transferase activity could be demonstrated in the isolated glomeruli, correlated with albuminuria, attesting a higher turn-over of the disaccharide units of the glomerular basement membrane.
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Calhoon RE, Aaronson S. A discriminant analysis of amino acid frequency in collagen-like proteins. J Theor Biol 1979; 78:225-39. [PMID: 491714 DOI: 10.1016/0022-5193(79)90266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Garrone R, Huc A, Junqua S. Fine structure and physiocochemical studies on the collagen of the marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis nardo. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1975; 52:261-75. [PMID: 50462 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(75)80117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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