1
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Sasaki M, Mitchell A, Booth DJ, Nagelkerken I. Novel ecological interactions alter physiological responses of range-extending tropical and local temperate fishes under ocean warming. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169413. [PMID: 38114039 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Global warming facilitates species range-expansions, leading to novel biological interactions between local and range-expanding species. Little is still known of how such novel interactions modify the performance of interacting species or how these interactions might be altered under climate change. Here, we used an aquarium experiment to investigate the novel ecological interactions between a poleward range-extending coral reef damselfish ("tropical-vagrant") and a local temperate species ("temperate-local") collected from a climate warming hotspot in SE Australia. We measured the effect of novel interactions (isolated vs. paired fish species) on energy expenditure (activity levels, oxidative stress, and antioxidant responses), energy gain (feeding rates), and growth rates of both fish species under present-day (23 °C) and future ocean temperatures (26 °C). Short-term growth rates were faster in both species under novel interactions (paired species), regardless of elevated temperature. Compared to isolated species, activity level, feeding rate and oxidative stress level were also higher in the paired temperate fish but not in the paired tropical fish. The tropical fish showed an increased feeding rate and long-term growth under elevated temperature, irrespective of novel interactions. We conclude that novel ecological interactions under climate change can be an important driver of physiological traits in sympatric tropical and temperate fishes and can mediate critical physiological performance of fishes under ocean warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Sasaki
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Angus Mitchell
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David J Booth
- Fish Ecology Lab, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ivan Nagelkerken
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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2
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Thompson WA, Lau GY, Richards JG, Devlin RH. Rationed and satiated growth hormone transgenic Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) show tissue specific differences in energy stores. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 263:110781. [PMID: 35902066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone transgenic coho salmon experience increased growth rates, driven primarily through elevated feed intake and feed conversion. However, neuropeptides that signal appetite stimulation have been shown to exhibit variable responses across fed states, suggesting a more complex system mediating growth in these fish. Studies have proposed that growth hormone may have a modulatory role on the energy reserves of fish, possibly through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. AMPK, an energy sensor in cells, has previously been shown to be upregulated in growth hormone transgenic salmon when compared to wild type, however, whether this effect is seen across fed states is unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that growth hormone induces an energetic deficit in metabolic tissues, leading to constitutive AMPK activation in growth hormone transgenic salmon. This study compared AMPK activity, ATP, and glycogen, of the liver, heart, and muscle of wild-type, and growth hormone transgenic salmon either fed to satiation or a wild-type ration. The results suggest that white muscle ATP levels in growth hormone salmon are elevated in satiation and rationed conditions. In the liver, growth hormone transgenic salmon fed a rationed wild-type diet experience reductions in ATP level and glycogen. In none of the tissues examined, did AMPK activity change. Taken together, these results indicate that growth hormone transgenic salmon experience metabolic duress when not fed to satiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Thompson
- The University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - G Y Lau
- The University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - J G Richards
- The University of British Columbia, Department of Zoology, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - R H Devlin
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, British Columbia V7V 1N6, Canada
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3
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Yin P, Björnsson BT, Fjelldal PG, Saito T, Remø SC, Edvardsen RB, Hansen T, Sharma S, Olsen RE, Hamre K. Impact of Antioxidant Feed and Growth Manipulation on the Redox Regulation of Atlantic Salmon Smolts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091708. [PMID: 36139780 PMCID: PMC9495322 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates a close relationship between oxidative stress and growth rate in fish. However, the underlying mechanisms of this relationship remain unclear. This study evaluated the combined effect of dietary antioxidants and growth hormone (GH) on the liver and the muscle redox status of Atlantic salmon. There were two sequential experimental phases (EP) termed EP1 and EP2, each lasting for 6 weeks. In EP1, Atlantic salmon were fed either low-(L, 230 mg/kg ascorbic acid (Asc), 120 mg/kg α-tocopherol (α-TOH)), or high-(H, 380 mg/kg Asc, 210 mg/kg α-TOH)vitamin diets. The vitamins were supplemented as stable forms and the feeding was continued in EP2. In EP2, half of the fish were implanted with 3 μL per g body weight of recombinant bovine GH (Posilac®, 1 mg rbGH g BW−1) suspended in sesame oil, while the other half were held in different tanks and sham-implanted with similar volumes of the sesame oil vehicle. Here, we show that increasing high levels of vitamin C and E (diet H) increased their content in muscle and liver during EP1. GH implantation decreased vitamin C and E levels in both liver and muscle but increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels only in the liver. GH also affected many genes and pathways of antioxidant enzymes and the redox balance. Among the most consistent were the upregulation of genes coding for the NADPH oxidase family (NOXs) and downregulation of the oxidative stress response transcription factor, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (nrf2), and its downstream target genes in the liver. We verified that GH increases the growth rate until the end of the trail and induces an oxidative effect in the liver and muscle of Atlantic salmon. Dietary antioxidants do lower oxidative stress but have no effect on the growth rate. The present study is intended as a starting point to understand the potential interactions between growth and redox signaling in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yin
- Institute of Marine Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Björn Thrandur Björnsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 411 24 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Gunnar Fjelldal
- Institute of Marine Research, Matre Aquaculture Research Station, 5984 Matredal, Norway
| | - Takaya Saito
- Institute of Marine Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Tom Hansen
- Institute of Marine Research, Matre Aquaculture Research Station, 5984 Matredal, Norway
| | | | - Rolf Erik Olsen
- Institutt for Biologi Fakultet for Naturvitenskap, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristin Hamre
- Institute of Marine Research, 5817 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence:
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4
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Sato T, Goto-Inoue N, Kimishima M, Toyoharu J, Minei R, Ogura A, Nagoya H, Mori T. A novel ND1 mitochondrial DNA mutation is maternally inherited in growth hormone transgenesis in amago salmon (Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae). Sci Rep 2022; 12:6720. [PMID: 35469048 PMCID: PMC9038734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) transgenesis can be used to manipulate the growth performance of fish and mammals. In this study, homozygous and hemizygous GH-transgenic amago salmon (Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae) derived from a single female exhibited hypoglycemia. Proteomic and signal network analyses using iTRAQ indicated a decreased NAD+/NADH ratio in transgenic fish, indicative of reduced mitochondrial ND1 function and ROS levels. Mitochondrial DNA sequencing revealed that approximately 28% of the deletion mutations in the GH homozygous- and hemizygous-female-derived mitochondrial DNA occurred in ND1. These fish also displayed decreased ROS levels. Our results indicate that GH transgenesis in amago salmon may induce specific deletion mutations that are maternally inherited over generations and alter energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Sato
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Naoko Goto-Inoue
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Masaya Kimishima
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, 252-0880, Japan
| | - Jike Toyoharu
- Research Institute of Medical Research Support Center Electron Microscope Laboratory, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Minei
- Department of Computer Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ogura
- Department of Computer Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nagoya
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Minamiise, 516-0193, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Mori
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, 252-0880, Japan.
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5
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Antioxidant capacity differs across social ranks and with ascension in males of a group-living fish. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 265:111126. [PMID: 34906630 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Animals that live in groups often form hierarchies in which an individual's behaviour and physiology varies based on their social rank. Occasionally, a subordinate can ascend into a dominant position and the ascending individual must make rapid behavioural and physiological adjustments to solidify their dominance. These periods of social transition and instability can be stressful and ascending individuals often incur large metabolic costs that could influence their oxidative status. Most previous investigations examining the link between oxidative status and the social environment have done so under stable social conditions and have evaluated oxidative status in a single tissue. Therefore, evaluations of how oxidative status is regulated across multiple tissues during periods of social flux would greatly enhance our understanding of the relationship between oxidative status and the social environment. Here, we assessed how antioxidant capacity in three tissues (brain, gonad, and muscle) varied among dominant, subordinate, and ascending males of the group-living cichlid fish, Neolamprologus pulcher. Antioxidant capacity in the brain and muscle of ascending males was intermediate to that of dominant (highest levels) and subordinate males (lowest levels) and correlated with differences in social and locomotor behaviours, respectively. Gonad antioxidant capacity was lower in ascending males than in dominant males. However, gonad antioxidant capacity was positively correlated with the size of ascending males' gonads suggesting that ascending males may increase gonad antioxidant capacity as they develop their gonads. Overall, our results highlight the widespread physiological consequences of social ascension and emphasize the importance of tissue-specific measures of oxidative status.
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6
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Balasch JC, Brandts I, Barría C, Martins MA, Tvarijonaviciute A, Tort L, Oliveira M, Teles M. Short-term exposure to polymethylmethacrylate nanoplastics alters muscle antioxidant response, development and growth in Sparus aurata. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112918. [PMID: 34526262 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plastic fragments have been found abundant in the environment, but the knowledge regarding its effects on the physiology of aquatic animals is still poorly studied. Here the short-term (96 h) effects of waterborne exposure to PMMA nanoplastics (PMMA-NPs) on the muscle of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fingerlings was evaluated at a concentration range that includes 0.001 up to 10 mg/L. The expression of key transcripts related to cell stress, tissue repair, immune response, antioxidant status and muscle development, together with several biochemical endpoints and metabolic parameters. Results indicate that exposure to PMMA-NPs elicit mildly antioxidant responses, enhanced the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and inhibited key regulators of muscle development (growth hormone receptors ghr-1/ghr-2 and myostatin, mstn-1 transcripts). However, no effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β, il1β and tumor necrosis factor α, tnfα) expression nor on the levels of energetic substrates (glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol) were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Balasch
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Brandts
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Barría
- Programa de doctorado en Ciencias de la Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile; Centro de Investigación y Gestión de Recursos Naturales (CIGREN), Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - M A Martins
- Department of Physics & CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis INTERLAB-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - L Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Oliveira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Teles
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Meniri M, Hebinger D, Sorlin M, Ramirez M, Kauffmann E, Vallat AJ, Glauser G, Fasel N, Helfenstein F. Morphological and physiological consequences of a dietary restriction during early life in bats. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Early life adverse conditions can have major consequences on an individual’s life history traits. Oxidative stress has been hypothesized to be one main mechanism underlying the negative consequences of early life adverse conditions. To test this hypothesis, we restricted the food availability of Seba’s short-tailed bat (Carollia perspicillata) mothers of unweaned pups for 10 days, followed by ad libitum provisioning. We also had a control, unrestricted group. We explored the morphological consequences of dietary restriction during early life by measuring growth rate. We also measured four markers of blood oxidative balance during growth. We assessed the level of cortisol, and its inactive form cortisone, in the hair of the pups at the end of growth. Finally, we monitored survival during the first year. Food restriction triggered a slowdown in growth followed by catch-up growth when ad libitum feeding was restored which did not lead to full compensation in size or mass compared to control individuals. We found that higher growth rate was associated with elevated oxidative damage, suggesting an oxidative cost to growth. However, we found no clear evidence for physiological costs specific to the catch-up growth. Survival after a year was not impacted by the treatment, the oxidative balance or the level of glucocorticoids at the end of growth. In conclusion, our results show that individuals were able to efficiently mitigate the short-term consequences of adverse early life conditions. However, consequences might arise in the long-term, and could impact reproductive success or lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Meniri
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecophysiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Switzerland
| | - Doriane Hebinger
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecophysiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Switzerland
| | - Mahaut Sorlin
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecophysiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Switzerland
| | - Marine Ramirez
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecophysiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Kauffmann
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecophysiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Switzerland
| | - Armelle J Vallat
- Neuchatel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gaëtan Glauser
- Neuchatel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Fasel
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabrice Helfenstein
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecophysiology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, Switzerland
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8
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Fitzpatrick LJ, Olsson M, Parsley LM, Pauliny A, Pinfold TL, Pirtle T, While GM, Wapstra E. Temperature and telomeres: thermal treatment influences telomere dynamics through a complex interplay of cellular processes in a cold-climate skink. Oecologia 2019; 191:767-776. [PMID: 31620874 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04530-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Telomere dynamics vary fundamentally between endothermic populations and species as a result of differences in life history, yet we know little about these patterns in ectotherms. In ectotherms, the relationships between climate, metabolism and life history suggest that telomere attrition should be higher at relatively high environmental temperatures compared to relatively low environmental temperatures, but these effects may vary between populations due to local adaptation. To address this hypothesis, we sampled reactive oxygen species (ROS) and telomere length of lizards from warm lowland and cool highland populations of a climatically widespread lizard species that we exposed to hot or cold basking treatments. The hot treatment increased relative telomere length compared to the cold treatment independent of climatic origin or ROS levels. Lizards from the cool highland region had lower ROS levels than those from the warm lowland region. Within the highland lizards, ROS increased more in the cold basking treatment than the hot basking treatment. These results are in the opposite direction to those predicted, suggesting that the relationships between temperature, metabolism, ROS and telomere dynamics are not straightforward. Future work incorporating detailed understanding of the thermal reaction norms of these and other linked traits is needed to fully understand these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Fitzpatrick
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
| | - M Olsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L M Parsley
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - A Pauliny
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T L Pinfold
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - T Pirtle
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - G M While
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - E Wapstra
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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9
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Criscuolo F, Cornell A, Zahn S, Williams TD. Oxidative status and telomere length are related to somatic and physiological maturation in chicks of European starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.204719. [PMID: 31548285 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.204719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Telomere length can be considered as an indicator of an organism's somatic state, long telomeres reflecting higher energy investment in self-maintenance. Early-life is a period of intense investment in somatic growth and in physiological maturation but how this is reflected in telomere length remains unclear. Using European starling chicks we tested: (i) how telomere length measured at asymptotic mass is related to proxies of somatic growth and physiological maturity in 17-day-old nestlings; (ii) how telomere length measured at 17 days then predicts the changes in somatic and physiological maturity occurring in fledglings (between 17 and 21 days); (iii) how growth and telomere length co-vary when chicks are under experimentally good (fed) growth conditions. Depending on environmental conditions, our data suggest links between somatic growth, physiological maturation and body maintenance parameters (positive with oxidative stress and negative with telomere length) in nestlings. Telomere length measured at day 17 predicted a subsequent change in physiological maturation variables observed in fledglings, but only in second-brood chicks: chicks with shorter telomeres had a higher pre-fledging rate of increase in haematocrit and haemoglobin content and a greater decrease in reticulocyte count. Finally, food supplementation of chicks did not change telomere length compared with that in control siblings. Our results suggest that physiological maturation prior to fledging may occur at the expense of telomere length but only when environmental conditions are sub-optimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Criscuolo
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Allison Cornell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, Canada V5A 1S6
| | - Sandrine Zahn
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Tony D Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, Canada V5A 1S6
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10
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Fitzpatrick LJ, Olsson M, Parsley LM, Pauliny A, While GM, Wapstra E. Tail loss and telomeres: consequences of large-scale tissue regeneration in a terrestrial ectotherm. Biol Lett 2019; 15:20190151. [PMID: 31288685 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale tissue regeneration has potential consequences for telomere length through increases in cell division and changes in metabolism which increase the potential for oxidative stress damage to telomeres. The effects of regeneration on telomere dynamics have been studied in fish and marine invertebrates, but the literature is scarce for terrestrial species. We experimentally induced tail autotomy in a lizard ( Niveoscincus ocellatus) and assessed relative telomere length (RTL) in blood samples before and after partial tail regeneration while concurrently measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The change in ROS levels was a significant explanatory variable for the change in RTL over the 60-day experiment. At the average value of ROS change, the mean RTL increased significantly in the control group (intact tails), but there was no such evidence in the regenerating group. By contrast, ROS levels decreased significantly in the regenerating group, but there was no such evidence in the control group. Combined, these results suggest that tail regeneration following autotomy involves a response to oxidative stress and this potentially comes at a cost to telomere repair. This change in telomere maintenance demonstrates a potential long-term cost of tail regeneration beyond the regrowth of tissue itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Fitzpatrick
- 1 School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania , Hobart , Australia
| | - M Olsson
- 2 Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - L M Parsley
- 1 School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania , Hobart , Australia.,3 School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - A Pauliny
- 2 Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - G M While
- 1 School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania , Hobart , Australia
| | - E Wapstra
- 1 School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania , Hobart , Australia
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11
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Christensen LL, Selman C, Blount JD, Pilkington JG, Watt KA, Pemberton JM, Reid JM, Nussey DH. Marker-dependent associations among oxidative stress, growth and survival during early life in a wild mammal. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.1407. [PMID: 27733545 PMCID: PMC5069507 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is hypothesized to be a key physiological mechanism mediating life-history trade-offs, but evidence from wild populations experiencing natural environmental variation is limited. We tested the hypotheses that increased early life growth rate increases OS, and that increased OS reduces first-winter survival, in wild Soay sheep (Ovis aries) lambs. We measured growth rate and first-winter survival for four consecutive cohorts, and measured two markers of oxidative damage (malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PC)) and two markers of antioxidant (AOX) protection (total AOX capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD)) from blood samples. Faster lamb growth was weakly associated with increased MDA, but not associated with variation in the other three markers. Lambs with higher SOD activity were more likely to survive their first winter, as were male but not female lambs with lower PC concentrations. Survival did not vary with MDA or total TAC. Key predictions relating OS to growth and survival were therefore supported in some OS markers, but not others. This suggests that different markers capture different aspects of the complex relationships between individual oxidative state, physiology and fitness, and that overarching hypotheses relating OS to life-history variation cannot be supported or refuted by studying individual markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise L Christensen
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Colin Selman
- Glasgow Ageing Research Network (GARNER), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Jonathan D Blount
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - Jill G Pilkington
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Kathryn A Watt
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | | | - Jane M Reid
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Daniel H Nussey
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
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12
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McLennan D, Armstrong JD, Stewart DC, Mckelvey S, Boner W, Monaghan P, Metcalfe NB. Interactions between parental traits, environmental harshness and growth rate in determining telomere length in wild juvenile salmon. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:5425-5438. [PMID: 27662635 PMCID: PMC5091633 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A larger body size confers many benefits, such as increased reproductive success, ability to evade predators and increased competitive ability and social status. However, individuals rarely maximize their growth rates, suggesting that this carries costs. One such cost could be faster attrition of the telomeres that cap the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and play an important role in chromosome protection. A relatively short telomere length is indicative of poor biological state, including poorer tissue and organ performance, reduced potential longevity and increased disease susceptibility. Telomere loss during growth may also be accelerated by environmental factors, but these have rarely been subjected to experimental manipulation in the natural environment. Using a wild system involving experimental manipulations of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Scottish streams, we found that telomere length in juvenile fish was influenced by parental traits and by direct environmental effects. We found that faster‐growing fish had shorter telomeres and there was a greater cost (in terms of reduced telomere length) if the growth occurred in a harsher environment. We also found a positive association between offspring telomere length and the growth history of their fathers (but not mothers), represented by the number of years fathers had spent at sea. This suggests that there may be long‐term consequences of growth conditions and parental life history for individual longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D McLennan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - J D Armstrong
- Marine Scotland - Science, Freshwater Laboratory, Faskally, Pitlochry, PH16 5LB, UK
| | - D C Stewart
- Marine Scotland - Science, Freshwater Laboratory, Faskally, Pitlochry, PH16 5LB, UK
| | - S Mckelvey
- Cromarty Firth Fishery Trust, CKD Galbraith, Reay House, 17 Old Edinburgh Road, Inverness, IV2 3HF, UK
| | - W Boner
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - P Monaghan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - N B Metcalfe
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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13
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Adriaenssens B, Pauliny A, Blomqvist D, Johnsson JI. Telomere length covaries with personality in wild brown trout. Physiol Behav 2016; 165:217-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Smith SM, Nager RG, Costantini D. Meta-analysis indicates that oxidative stress is both a constraint on and a cost of growth. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:2833-42. [PMID: 27217942 PMCID: PMC4863009 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) as a proximate mechanism for life‐history trade‐offs is widespread in the literature. One such resource allocation trade‐off involves growth rate, and theory suggests that OS might act as both a constraint on and a cost of growth, yet studies investigating this have produced conflicting results. Here, we use meta‐analysis to investigate whether increased OS levels impact on growth (OS as a constraint on growth) and whether greater growth rates can increase OS (OS as a cost of growth). The role of OS as a constraint on growth was supported by the meta‐analysis. Greater OS, in terms of either increased damage or reduced levels of antioxidants, was associated with reduced growth although the effect depended on the experimental manipulation used. Our results also support an oxidative cost of growth, at least in terms of increased oxidative damage, although faster growth was not associated with a change in antioxidant levels. These findings that OS can act as a constraint on growth support theoretical links between OS and animal life histories and provide evidence for a growth–self‐maintenance trade‐off. Furthermore, the apparent oxidative costs of growth imply individuals cannot alter this trade‐off when faced with enhanced growth. We offer a starting platform for future research and recommend the use of oxidative damage biomarkers in nonlethal tissue to investigate the growth–OS relationship further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona M Smith
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Graham Kerr Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Ruedi G Nager
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Graham Kerr Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - David Costantini
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine University of Glasgow Graham Kerr Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK; Department of Biology University of Antwerp Antwerp 2610 Belgium
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15
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Pauliny A, Devlin RH, Johnsson JI, Blomqvist D. Rapid growth accelerates telomere attrition in a transgenic fish. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:159. [PMID: 26268318 PMCID: PMC4535669 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals rarely grow as fast as their physiologies permit despite the fitness advantages of being large. One reason may be that rapid growth is costly, resulting for example in somatic damage. The chromosomal ends, the telomeres, are particularly vulnerable to such damage, and telomere attrition thus influences the rate of ageing. Here, we used a transgenic salmon model with an artificially increased growth rate to test the hypothesis that rapid growth is traded off against the ability to maintain somatic health, assessed as telomere attrition. Results We found substantial telomere attrition in transgenic fish, while maternal half-sibs growing at a lower, wild-type rate seemed better able to maintain the length of their telomeres during the same time period. Conclusions Our results are consistent with a trade-off between rapid growth and somatic (telomere) maintenance in growth-manipulated fish. Since telomere erosion reflects cellular ageing, our findings also support theories of ageing postulating that unrepaired somatic damage is associated with senescence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0436-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pauliny
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Robert H Devlin
- Marine Ecosystems and Aquaculture Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, BC, V7V 1N6, Canada.
| | - Jörgen I Johnsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Donald Blomqvist
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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16
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Thiab NR, King N, Jones GL. Effect of ageing and oxidative stress on antioxidant enzyme activity in different regions of the rat kidney. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 408:253-60. [PMID: 26169983 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2503-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in ageing and the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease. We examined levels of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase as modulated by age and oxidative stress in different regions of the kidney. Antioxidant enzymes were examined in different regions of the kidney in male Wistar rats. Kidneys from rats of different ages (5, 12, 36 and 60 weeks) were dissected into cortex, outer medulla and inner medulla. Tissues were incubated for 30 min with or without 0.2 mM H2O2 to induce oxidative stress. Antioxidant enzyme activities progressively decreased with age under both control and stress conditions (P < 0.05) after peaking at 12 weeks. Antioxidant enzyme activities were greater in the cortex (P < 0.05) by comparison with the outer and inner medulla, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Riyadh Thiab
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Nicola King
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Graham L Jones
- Centre for Bioactive Discovery in Health and Ageing, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
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17
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Näslund J, Pauliny A, Blomqvist D, Johnsson JI. Telomere dynamics in wild brown trout: effects of compensatory growth and early growth investment. Oecologia 2015; 177:1221-30. [PMID: 25698140 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
After a period of food deprivation, animals often respond with a period of faster than normal growth. Such responses have been suggested to result in decreased chromosomal maintenance, which in turn may affect the future fitness of an individual. Here, we present a field experiment in which a food deprivation period of 24 days was enforced on fish from a natural population of juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) at the start of the high-growth season in spring. The growth of the food-deprived fish and a non-deprived control group was then monitored in the wild during 1 year. Fin tissue samples were taken at the start of the experiment and 1 year after food deprivation to monitor the telomere dynamics, using reduced telomere length as an indicator of maintenance cost. The food-deprived fish showed partial compensatory growth in both mass and length relative to the control group. However, we found no treatment effects on telomere dynamics, suggesting that growth-compensating brown trout juveniles are able to maintain their telomeres during their second year in the stream. However, body size at the start of the experiment, reflecting growth rate during their first year of life, was negatively correlated with change in telomere length over the following year. This result raises the possibility that rapid growth early in life induces delayed costs in cellular maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joacim Näslund
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,
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18
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Polačik M, Blažek R, Řežucha R, Vrtílek M, Terzibasi Tozzini E, Reichard M. Alternative intrapopulation life-history strategies and their trade-offs in an African annual fish. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:854-65. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Polačik
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - R. Blažek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - R. Řežucha
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - M. Vrtílek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | | | - M. Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
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19
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Trojan Genes or Transparent Genomes? Sexual Selection and Potential Impacts of Genetically Modified Animals in Natural Ecosystems. Evol Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-013-9268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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Lugo JM, Carpio Y, Morales R, Rodríguez-Ramos T, Ramos L, Estrada MP. First report of the pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) in crustaceans: conservation of its functions as growth promoting factor and immunomodulator in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1788-1796. [PMID: 24036332 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The high conservation of the pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) sequence indicates that this peptide fulfills important biological functions in a broad spectrum of organisms. However, in invertebrates, little is known about its presence and its functions remain unclear. Up to now, in non-mammalian vertebrates, the majority of studies on PACAP have focused mainly on the localization, cloning and structural evolution of this peptide. As yet, little is known about its biological functions as growth factor and immunomodulator in lower vertebrates. Recently, we have shown that PACAP, apart from its neuroendocrine role, influences immune functions in larval and juvenile fish. In this work, we isolated for the first time the cDNA encoding the mature PACAP from a crustacean species, the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, corroborating its high degree of sequence conservation, when compared to sequences reported from tunicates to mammalian vertebrates. Based on this, we have evaluated the effects of purified recombinant Clarias gariepinus PACAP administrated by immersion baths on white shrimp growth and immunity. We demonstrated that PACAP improves hemocyte count, superoxide dismutase, lectins and nitric oxide synthase derived metabolites in treated shrimp related with an increase in total protein concentration and growth performance. From our results, PACAP acts as a regulator of shrimp growth and immunity, suggesting that in crustaceans, as in vertebrate organisms, PACAP is an important molecule shared by both the endocrine and the immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juana María Lugo
- Aquatic Biotechnology Project, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba
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