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Lim MW, Quan Tang Y, Aroua MK, Gew LT. Glycerol Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Thanaka ( Hesperethusa crenulata) Bark through LCMS Profiling and Their Antioxidant Properties. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14388-14405. [PMID: 38559928 PMCID: PMC10976408 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Organic solvents are hazardous to human and environmental health. The emergence of interest in finding greener solvents to replace organic solvents has sparked a series of studies in the use of glycerol for extracting bioactive compounds from natural products. In this study, we will first identify the bioactive compounds of glycerol- and nonglycerol-based Thanaka (Hesperethusa crenulata) bark extracts using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry profiles; then, we will determine their antioxidant capacity, free radical scavenging activity, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Thanaka bark powder was extracted using solvents, namely, ethanol (TKE), water (TKW), glycerol (TKG), glycerol/water (1:1, v/v) (TKGW), and glycerol/ethanol (1:1, v/v) (TKGE). Among the five extracts, the extract of TKG has the highest number of bioactive compounds, as well as the highest total flavonoid content. TKGE possessed the highest total phenolic content and highest antioxidant activity shown in azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays among the five extracts. Overall, glycerol has better efficiency in extracting bioactive compounds from Thanaka bark as compared to ethanol and water. Hence, from the phytochemical content and antioxidant properties of Thanaka extracts, we conclude that glycerol is a good green solvent alternative to replace organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wen Lim
- Department
of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yin Quan Tang
- School
of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, No. 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua
- Centre
for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilization (CCDCU), School of Engineering
and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar
Sunway, 47500 Petaling
Jaya, Malaysia
- School
of Engineering, Lancaster University, LA1 4YW Lancaster, U.K.
| | - Lai Ti Gew
- Department
of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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Zhou R, Liu R, Kang KB, Kim W, Hur JS, Kim H. The Depside Derivative Pericodepside Inhibits Cancer Cell Metastasis and Proliferation by Suppressing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6828-6836. [PMID: 38371795 PMCID: PMC10870356 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
A depside derivative, named pericodepside (2), along with the known depside proatranorin III (1), was isolated from the solid cultivation of an Ascochyta rabiei strain that heterologously expresses atr1 and atr2 that are involved in the biosynthesis of atranorin in a fruticose lichen, Stereocaulon alpinum. The structure of 2 was determined by 1D and 2D NMR and MS spectroscopic data. The structure of 2 consisted of a depside-pericosine conjugate, with the depside moiety being identical to that found in 1, suggesting that 1 acted as an intermediate during the formation of 2 through the esterification process. Pericodepside (2) strongly suppressed cell invasion and proliferation by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the transcriptional activities of β-catenin, STAT, and NF-κB in U87 (glioma cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and PC3 (prostate cancer) cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Rundong Liu
- Korean
Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National
University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Bin Kang
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyong Kim
- Korean
Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National
University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seoun Hur
- Korean
Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National
University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangun Kim
- College
of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea
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Poulsen-Silva E, Gordillo-Fuenzalida F, Atala C, Moreno AA, Otero MC. Bioactive Lichen Secondary Metabolites and Their Presence in Species from Chile. Metabolites 2023; 13:805. [PMID: 37512512 PMCID: PMC10383681 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic organisms composed of at least one fungal and one algal species. They are found in different environments around the world, even in the poles and deserts. Some species can withstand extreme abiotic conditions, including radiation and the vacuum of space. Their chemistry is mainly due to the fungal metabolism and the production of several secondary metabolites with biological activity, which have been isolated due to an increasing interest from the pharmaceutical community. However, beyond the experimental data, little is known about their mechanisms of action and the potential pharmaceutical use of these kinds of molecules, especially the ones isolated from lesser-known species and/or lesser-studied countries. The main objective of this review is to analyze the bibliographical data of the biological activity of secondary metabolites from lichens, identifying the possible mechanisms of action and lichen species from Chile. We carried out a bibliographic revision of different scientific articles in order to collect all necessary information on the biological activity of the metabolites of these lichen species. For this, validated databases were used. We found the most recent reports where in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the biological properties of these metabolites. The biological activity, namely anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity, of 26 secondary metabolites are described, as well as their reported molecular mechanisms. The most notable metabolites found in this review were usnic acid, atranorin, protolichesterinic acid, and lobaric acid. Usnic acid was the most investigated metabolite, in addition to undergoing toxicological and pharmacological studies, where a hepatotoxicity effect was reported due to uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, no major studies have been made to validate the pharmacological application of these metabolites, and few advancements have been made in their artificial growth in bioreactors. Despite the described biological activities, there is little support to consider these metabolites in pharmaceutical formulations or to evaluate them in clinical trials. Nevertheless, it is important to carry out further studies regarding their possible human health effects. These lichen secondary metabolites present a promising research opportunity to find new pharmaceutical molecules due to their bioactive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Poulsen-Silva
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 252, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Felipe Gordillo-Fuenzalida
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Católica del Maule, Avda. San Miguel 3605, Talca 3466706, Chile
| | - Cristian Atala
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma, Av. Universidad 330, Curauma, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile
| | - Adrián A Moreno
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - María Carolina Otero
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 252, Santiago 8320000, Chile
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Lichen Depsides and Tridepsides: Progress in Pharmacological Approaches. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010116. [PMID: 36675938 PMCID: PMC9866793 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Depsides and tridepsides are secondary metabolites found in lichens. In the last 10 years, there has been a growing interest in the pharmacological activity of these compounds. This review aims to discuss the research findings related to the biological effects and mechanisms of action of lichen depsides and tridepsides. The most studied compound is atranorin, followed by gyrophoric acid, diffractaic acid, and lecanoric acid. Antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities are among the most investigated activities, mainly in in vitro studies, with occasional in silico and in vivo studies. Clinical trials have not been conducted using depsides and tridepsides. Therefore, future research should focus on conducting more in vivo work and clinical trials, as well as on evaluating the other activities. Moreover, despite the significant increase in research work on the pharmacology of depsides and tridepsides, there are many of these compounds which have yet to be investigated (e.g., hiascic acid, lassalic acid, ovoic acid, crustinic acid, and hypothamnolic acid).
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Arslan ME, Tatar A, Yıldırım ÖÇ, Şahin İO, Ozdemir O, Sonmez E, Hacımuftuoglu A, Acikyildiz M, Geyikoğlu F, Mardinoğlu A, Türkez H. In Vitro Transcriptome Analysis of Cobalt Boride Nanoparticles on Human Pulmonary Alveolar Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8683. [PMID: 36500178 PMCID: PMC9740129 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiotechnology influences many different areas, including the medical, food, energy, clothing, and cosmetics industries. Considering the wide usage of nanomaterials, it is necessary to investigate the toxicity potentials of specific nanosized molecules. Boron-containing nanoparticles (NPs) are attracting much interest from scientists due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, there is limited information concerning the toxicity of boron-containing NPs, including cobalt boride (Co2B) NPs. Therefore, in this study, Co2B NPs were characterized using X-ray crystallography (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. Then, we performed 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and neutral red (NR) assays for assessing cell viability against Co2B NP exposure on cultured human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiC). In addition, whole-genome microarray analysis was carried out to reveal the global gene expression differentiation of HPAEpiC cells after Co2B NP application. The cell viability tests unveiled an IC50 value for Co2B NPs of 310.353 mg/L. The results of our microarray analysis displayed 719 gene expression differentiations (FC ≥ 2) among the analyzed 40,000 genes. The performed visualization and integrated discovery (DAVID) analysis revealed that there were interactions between various gene pathways and administration of the NPs. Based on gene ontology biological processes analysis, we found that the P53 signaling pathway, cell cycle, and cancer-affecting genes were mostly affected by the Co2B NPs. In conclusion, we suggested that Co2B NPs would be a safe and effective nanomolecule for industrial applications, particularly for medical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25050, Turkey
| | - Arzu Tatar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Özge Çağlar Yıldırım
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25050, Turkey
| | - İrfan Oğuz Şahin
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25050, Turkey
| | - Erdal Sonmez
- Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacımuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Metin Acikyildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Kilis 7 Aralık University, Kilis 79000, Turkey
| | - Fatime Geyikoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Adil Mardinoğlu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Hasan Türkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
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Toxicity of Glycyl-l-Prolyl-l-Glutamate Pseudotripeptides: Cytotoxic, Oxidative, Genotoxic, and Embryotoxic Perspectives. J Toxicol 2022; 2022:3775194. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3775194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tripeptide H-Gly-Pro-Glu-OH (GPE) and its analogs began to take much interest from scientists for developing effective novel molecules in the treatment of several disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke. The peptidomimetics of GPEs exerted significant biological properties involving anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and anticancer properties. The assessments of their hematological toxicity potentials are critically required for their possible usage in further preclinical and clinical trials against a wide range of pathological conditions. However, there is so limited information on the safety profiling of GPE and its analogs on human blood tissue from cytotoxic, oxidative, and genotoxic perspectives. And, their embryotoxicity potentials were not investigated yet. Therefore, in this study, measurements of mitochondrial viability (using MTT assay) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays were performed on cultured human whole blood cells after treatment with GPE and its three novel peptidomimetics for 72 h. Sister chromatid exchange (SCE), micronucleus (MN), and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) assays were performed for determining the genotoxic damage potentials. In addition, the nuclear division index (NDI) was figured out for revealing their cytostatic potentials. Embryotoxicity assessments were performed on cultured human pluripotent NT2 embryonal carcinoma cells by MTT and LDH assays. The present results from cytotoxicity, oxidative, genotoxicity, and embryotoxicity testing clearly propounded that GPEs had good biosafety profiles and were trouble-free from the toxicological point of view. Noncytotoxic, antioxidative, nongenotoxic, noncytostatic, and nonembryotoxic features of GPE analogs are worthwhile exploring further and may exert high potentials for improving the development of novel disease-modifying agents.
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Ureña-Vacas I, González-Burgos E, Divakar PK, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Lichen Depsidones with Biological Interest. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:855-880. [PMID: 34034351 DOI: 10.1055/a-1482-6381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Depsidones are some of the most abundant secondary metabolites produced by lichens. These compounds have aroused great pharmacological interest due to their activities as antioxidants, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic agents. Hence, this paper aims to provide up-to-date knowledge including an overview of the potential biological interest of lichen depsidones. So far, the most studied depsidones are fumarprotocetraric acid, lobaric acid, norstictic acid, physodic acid, salazinic acid, and stictic acid. Their pharmacological activities have been mainly investigated in in vitro studies and, to a lesser extent, in in vivo studies. No clinical trials have been performed yet. Depsidones are promising cytotoxic agents that act against different cell lines of animal and human origin. Moreover, these compounds have shown antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, mainly Candida spp. Furthermore, depsidones have antioxidant properties as revealed in oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo models. Future research should be focused on further investigating the mechanism of action of depsidones and in evaluating new potential actions as well as other depsidones that have not been studied yet from a pharmacological perspective. Likewise, more in vivo studies are prerequisite, and clinical trials for the most promising depsidones are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ureña-Vacas
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (Spain)
| | - Elena González-Burgos
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (Spain)
| | - Pradeep Kumar Divakar
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (Spain)
| | - M Pilar Gómez-Serranillos
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (Spain)
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8
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A New Cryptic Lineage in Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) with Pharmacological Properties. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8080826. [PMID: 36012814 PMCID: PMC9409757 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We used molecular data to address species delimitation in a species complex of the parmelioid genus Canoparmelia and compare the pharmacological properties of the two clades identified. We used HPLC_DAD_MS chromatography to identify and quantify the secondary substances and used a concatenated data set of three ribosomal markers to infer phylogenetic relationships. Some historical herbarium specimens were also examined. We found two groups that showed distinct pharmacological properties. The phylogenetic study supported the separation of these two groups as distinct lineages, which are here accepted as distinct species: Canoparmelia caroliniana occurring in temperate to tropical ecosystems of a variety of worldwide localities, including America, Macaronesia, south-west Europe and potentially East Africa, whereas the Kenyan populations represent the second group, for which we propose the new species C. kakamegaensis Garrido-Huéscar, Divakar & Kirika. This study highlights the importance of recognizing cryptic species using molecular data, since it can result in detecting lineages with pharmacological properties previously overlooked.
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Šeklić DS, Jovanović MM, Virijević KD, Grujić JN, Živanović MN, Marković SD. Pseudevernia furfuracea inhibits migration and invasion of colorectal carcinoma cell lines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114758. [PMID: 34688797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf is common lichen species, traditionally used worldwide in treating various medical conditions, among which are intestinal issues and cancer. Most studies are focused mainly on cytotoxic potential of lichens, whilst their antimigratory and antiinvasive properties are often disregarded. Migration and invasion of cancer cells are pivotal processes in cancer metastasis, wherein cancer cells are able to migrate individually or in form of a coherent mass. One of successful strategies in anticancer treatments is targeting Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway, that is aberrantly activated in colorectal carcinoma, as well as lowering level of migratory/invasive markers. AIM OF THE STUDY Present study aimed to show antimigratory/invasive potential of Pseudevernia furfuracea methanol extract on HCT-116 and SW-480 colorectal carcinoma cell lines and to elucidate possible mechanism of its action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collective cell migration was assessed by Wound healing assay and single cell migration in real time by RTCA method. Analysis of anti- and promigratory protein expression was performed using immunofluorescent staining. Additionally, gene expression of antimigratory/promigratory and invasive (E-cadherin, β-catenin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail and MMP-9) markers were investigated by qRT-PCR method. Concentration of MMP-9 was determined colorimetrically by ELISA test. RESULTS P. furfuracea extract was able to suppress both collective and single cancer cell migration, by inhibiting expression of promigratory/invasive markers and possibly re-establishing cell-cell adhesions. The present study indicates at P. furfuracea as effective antimigratory treatment, and HCT-116 cells were proved to be a more sensitive cell line to applied treatment. CONCLUSIONS This lichen species is a promising candidate for application in treatment of cancer in order to prevent metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana S Šeklić
- Department of Natural Sciences, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Milena M Jovanović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Katarina D Virijević
- Department of Natural Sciences, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Jelena N Grujić
- Department of Natural Sciences, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Marko N Živanović
- Department of Natural Sciences, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Snežana D Marković
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
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Datta S, Luthra R, Bharadvaja N. Medicinal Plants for Glioblastoma Treatment. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:2367-2384. [PMID: 34939551 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666211221144739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, an aggressive brain cancer, demonstrates the least life expectancy among all brain cancers. Because of the regulation of diverse signaling pathways in cancers, the chemotherapeutic approaches used to suppress their multiplication and spreading are restricted. Sensitivity towards chemotherapeutic agents has developed because of the pathological and drug-evading abilities of these diverse mechanisms. As a result, the identification and exploration of strategies or treatments, which can overcome such refractory obstacles to improve glioblastoma response to treatment as well as recovery, is essential. Medicinal herbs contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds, which could trigger aggressive brain cancers, regulate their anti-cancer mechanisms and immune responses to assist in cancer elimination, and cause cell death. Numerous tumor-causing proteins, which facilitate invasion as well as metastasis of cancer, tolerance of chemotherapies, and angiogenesis, are also inhibited by these phytochemicals. Such herbs remain valuable for glioblastoma prevention and its incidence by effectively being used as anti-glioma therapies. This review thus presents the latest findings on medicinal plants using which the extracts or bioactive components are being used against glioblastoma, their mechanism of functioning, pharmacological description as well as recent clinical studies conducted on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreeja Datta
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi-110042. India
| | - Ritika Luthra
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi-110042. India
| | - Navneeta Bharadvaja
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi-110042. India
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Sahin E, Dabagoglu Psav S, Avan I, Candan M, Sahinturk V, Koparal AT. Lichen-derived physodic acid exerts cytotoxic and anti-invasive effects in human lung cancer. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-021-00996-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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12
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Turkez H, Tozlu OO, Arslan ME, Mardinoglu A. Safety and Efficacy Assessments to Take Antioxidants in Glioblastoma Therapy: From In Vitro Experiences to Animal and Clinical Studies. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105168. [PMID: 34450218 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is considered one of the most common malignant brain tumors, occurring as over 15% of all primary central nervous system and brain neoplasms. The unique and standard treatment option towards GBM involves the combination of surgical resection followed by radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT). However, due to the aggressive nature and heterogeneity of GBMs, they remained difficult to treat. Recent findings from preclinical studies have revealed that disruption of the redox balance via using either oxidative or anti-oxidative agents in GBM presented an effective and promising therapeutic approach. A limited number of clinical trials substantially encouraged their concomitant use with RT or CT. Thus, treatment of GBMs may benefit from natural or synthetic antioxidative compounds as novel therapeutics. Despite the presence of variegated in vitro and in vivo studies focusing on safety and efficacy issues of these promising therapeutics, nowadays their translation to clinics is far from applicability due to several challenges. In this review, we briefly introduce the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems as well as potential signaling pathways related to the pathogenesis of GBM with a special interest in antioxidant mechanisms. In addition, we describe the advantages and limitations of antioxidant supplementation in GBM cases or disease models as well as growing challenges for GBM therapies with antioxidants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozdemir Tozlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, 25250; Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, 25250; Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-17121, Sweden.
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13
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Dar TUH, Dar SA, Islam SU, Mangral ZA, Dar R, Singh BP, Verma P, Haque S. Lichens as a repository of bioactive compounds: an open window for green therapy against diverse cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:1120-1137. [PMID: 34052413 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lichens, algae and fungi-based symbiotic associations, are sources of many important secondary metabolites, such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, and anticancer agents. Wide range of experiments based on in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that lichens are a rich treasure of anti-cancer compounds. Lichen extracts and isolated lichen compounds can interact with all biological entities currently identified to be responsible for tumor development. The critical ways to control the cancer development include induction of cell cycle arrests, blocking communication of growth factors, activation of anti-tumor immunity, inhibition of tumor-friendly inflammation, inhibition of tumor metastasis, and suppressing chromosome dysfunction. Also, lichen-based compounds induce the killing of cells by the process of apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis, that inturn positively modulates metabolic networks of cells against uncontrolled cell division. Many lichen-based compounds have proven to possess potential anti-cancer activity against a wide range of cancer cells, either alone or in conjunction with other anti-cancer compounds. This review primarily emphasizes on an updated account of the repository of secondary metabolites reported in lichens. Besides, we discuss the anti-cancer potential and possible mechanism of the most frequently reported secondary metabolites derived from lichens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ul Hassan Dar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Ul Islam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zahid Ahmed Mangral
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Rubiya Dar
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bhim Pratap Singh
- Department of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship & Management (NIFTEM), Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Pradeep Verma
- Bioprocess and Bioenergy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
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Studzińska-Sroka E, Majchrzak-Celińska A, Zalewski P, Szwajgier D, Baranowska-Wójcik E, Żarowski M, Plech T, Cielecka-Piontek J. Permeability of Hypogymnia physodes Extract Component-Physodic Acid through the Blood-Brain Barrier as an Important Argument for Its Anticancer and Neuroprotective Activity within the Central Nervous System. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071717. [PMID: 33916370 PMCID: PMC8038629 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including tumors such as glioblastomas and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, are some of the greatest challenges of modern medicine. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the anticancer and neuroprotective activity of the extract from a common European lichen Hypogymnia physodes and of its compound-physodic acid. The examined substances were cytotoxic against the glioblastoma cell lines A-172, T98G, and U-138 MG. Both substances strongly inhibited hyaluronidase, and diminished cyclooxygenase-2 activity (H. physodes extract), enzymes expressed in patients with malignant glioma. Furthermore, H. physodes extract inhibited tyrosinase activity, the enzyme linked to neurodegenerative diseases. The tested substances exhibited antioxidant activity, however, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity were not high. We proved that physodic acid can cross the blood–brain barrier. We conclude that physodic acid and H. physodes extract should be regarded as promising agents with anticancer, chemopreventive, and neuroprotective activities, especially concerning CNS. Abstract Lichen secondary metabolites are characterized by huge pharmacological potential. Our research focused on assessing the anticancer and neuroprotective activity of Hypogymnia physodes acetone extract (HP extract) and physodic acid, its major component. The antitumor properties were evaluated by cytotoxicity analysis using A-172, T98G, and U-138 MG glioblastoma cell lines and by hyaluronidase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition. The neuroprotective potential was examined using COX-2, tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity tests. Moreover, the antioxidant potential of the tested substances was examined, and the chemical composition of the extract was analyzed. For physodic acid, the permeability through the blood–brain barrier using Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay for the Blood–Brain Barrier assay (PAMPA-BBB) was assessed. Our study shows that the tested substances strongly inhibited glioblastoma cell proliferation and hyaluronidase activity. Besides, HP extract diminished COX-2 and tyrosinase activity. However, the AChE and BChE inhibitory activity of HP extract and physodic acid were mild. The examined substances exhibited strong antioxidant activity. Importantly, we proved that physodic acid crosses the blood–brain barrier. We conclude that physodic acid and H. physodes should be regarded as promising agents with anticancer, chemopreventive, and neuroprotective activities, especially regarding the central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Studzińska-Sroka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcicki 4 Str, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (P.Z.); (J.C.-P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aleksandra Majchrzak-Celińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcicki 4 Str, 60-781 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Zalewski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcicki 4 Str, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (P.Z.); (J.C.-P.)
| | - Dominik Szwajgier
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8 Str, 20‐704 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.); (E.B.-W.)
| | - Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8 Str, 20‐704 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.); (E.B.-W.)
| | - Marcin Żarowski
- Department of Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewski 49 Str, 60-355 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Plech
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a Str, Lublin, Poland;
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Święcicki 4 Str, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (P.Z.); (J.C.-P.)
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15
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Tripathi AH, Negi N, Gahtori R, Kumari A, Joshi P, Tewari LM, Joshi Y, Bajpai R, Upreti DK, Upadhyay SK. A Review of Anti-Cancer and Related Properties of Lichen-Extracts and Metabolites. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:115-142. [PMID: 34225637 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210322094647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichens are a composite consortium of fungus and alga. The symbiotic organisms are naturally equipped with distinct characteristics as compared to constituting organisms separately. Lichens due to their peculiar anatomy and physiology, are the reservoir of more than 600 unique secondary metabolites, also known as 'lichen substances'. Since ancient times, many ethnic groups from various parts of the world had knowledge about the applications of lichens as major provenance of food/fodder, medicine, dyes, spices, perfumes, etc. Lichen substances have shown impressive antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities under experimental conditions. Usnic acid, a well-known metabolite, found in several species of lichens, possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. It also has significant anti-proliferative potential as revealed through testing in different cancer cell lines. Atranorin, Lecanoric acid, Norstictic acid, Lobaric acid, Stictic acid, Ramalin, Gyrophoric acid, Salazinic acid, Protolichesterinic, and Fumarprotocetraric acid are some of the other purified lichen metabolites with potent anti-cancer activities. OBJECTIVE This study presents an overview of lichen derived extracts/compounds augmenting the anti-cancer (related) properties. METHOD The review comprehends different studies (in vivo and in vitro) backing up the possibility of lichen extracts and metabolites towards their use as antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and EMT-inhibiting agents. RESULTS The review focuses on anti-cancer and related properties of lichen extracts and metabolites that include their anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic, cancer stemness reduction, activities and, the potential of inhibition of cancer-associated Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that is responsible for multiple drug-resistance and metastasis of cancer cells in a large proportion of cases. CONCLUSION Lichens can be the repertoire of a plethora of lichen metabolites with putative bioactive potential, which is needed to be explored in order to find out novel anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita H Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nidhi Negi
- Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rekha Gahtori
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India-263136; b Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amrita Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India-263136; b Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Penny Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand. 0
| | - Lalit M Tewari
- Department of Botany, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Yogesh Joshi
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajesh Bajpai
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Dalip K Upreti
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Santosh K Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University Campus, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
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Evaluation of the biological activities of olivetoric acid, a lichen-derived molecule, in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-021-00976-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Kar F, Kacar S, Hacioglu C, Kanbak G, Sahinturk V. Concanavalin A induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner by modulating thiol/disulfide homeostasis in C6 glioblastoma cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22742. [PMID: 33604990 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common brain tumor. C6 rat glioblastoma cells provide the possibility to the scientist to study brain cancer. Concanavalin A (Con A) has a lot of antitumoral effects, especially over oxidative stress. In the present study, it was aimed to decide the impacts of various doses of Con A on C6 glioblastoma cells regarding cytotoxicity, thiol/disulfide homeostasis, apoptosis, and inflammation. We detected the cytotoxic activity of Con A (from 7.8 to 500 µg/ml) in C6 cells by utilizing 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and determined the toxic concentration of Con A. Once the optimal doses were found, the thiol-disulfide homeostasis, levels of total antioxidant and oxidant status (TAS and TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), pro-inflammatory cytokines as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), apoptotic proteins as cytochrome c (CYCS), and caspase 3 (CASP3) were measured. Apoptotic and morphological changes in the C6 cells were examined with an inverted microscope and flow cytometry technique. Dose-dependent Con A triggered oxidative damage in the C6 cells, affecting the inflammatory pathway, so reducing proliferation with apoptotic proteins and morphological changes. But especially, Con A increased disulfide formation by disrupting the thiol/disulfide balance in C6 cells. This study revealed that Con A, known as carbohydrate-binding protein, generated oxidative damage, inflammation, and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner by modulating thiol/disulfide homeostasis in C6 glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Kar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Kütahya Health Science University, Kütahya, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Sedat Kacar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ceyhan Hacioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Gungor Kanbak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Varol Sahinturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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18
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Ulus G. Antiangiogenic properties of lichen secondary metabolites. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3046-3058. [PMID: 33587324 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic organisms which are composed fungi and algae and/or cyanobacteria. They produce a variety of characteristic secondary metabolites. Such substances have various biological properties including antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor activities. Angiogenesis, the growth of new vessels from pre-existing vessels, contributes to numerous diseases including cancer, arthritis, atherosclerosis, infectious, and immune disorders. Antiangiogenic therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of such diseases by inhibiting the new vessel formation. Technological advances have led to the development of various antiangiogenic agents and have made possible antiangiogenic therapy in many diseases associated with angiogenesis. Some lichens and their metabolites are used in the drug industry, but many have not yet been tested for their antiangiogenic effects. The cytotoxic and angiogenic capacities of lichen-derived small molecules have been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro experiments. Therefore, some of them may be used as antiangiogenic agents in the future. The secondary compounds of lichen whose antiangiogenic effect has been studied in the literature are usnic acid, barbatolic acid, vulpinic acid, olivetoric acid, emodin, secalonic acid D, and parietin. In this article, we review the antiangiogenic effects and cellular targets of these lichen-derived metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gönül Ulus
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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19
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Turkez H, Cacciatore I, Marinelli L, Fornasari E, Aslan ME, Cadirci K, Kahraman CY, Caglar O, Tatar A, Di Biase G, Hacimuftuoglu A, Di Stefano A, Mardinoglu A. Glycyl-L-Prolyl-L-Glutamate Pseudotripeptides for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010126. [PMID: 33478054 PMCID: PMC7835747 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, there is no effective disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in clinical practice. In this context, glycine-L-proline-L-glutamate (GPE) and its analogs may open the way for developing a novel molecule for treating neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. In turn, this study was aimed to investigate the neuroprotective potentials exerted by three novel GPE peptidomimetics (GPE1, GPE2, and GPE3) using an in vitro AD model. Anti-Alzheimer potentials were determined using a wide array of techniques, such as measurements of mitochondrial viability (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays, determination of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), α-secretase and β-secretase activities, comparisons of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS) levels, flow cytometric and microscopic detection of apoptotic and necrotic neuronal death, and investigating gene expression responses via PCR arrays involving 64 critical genes related to 10 different pathways. Our analysis showed that GPE peptidomimetics modulate oxidative stress, ACh depletion, α-secretase inactivation, apoptotic, and necrotic cell death. In vitro results suggested that treatments with novel GPE analogs might be promising therapeutic agents for treatment and/or or prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacy, Univerisity “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo, Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (L.M.); (E.F.); (G.D.B.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Lisa Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Univerisity “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo, Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (L.M.); (E.F.); (G.D.B.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Erika Fornasari
- Department of Pharmacy, Univerisity “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo, Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (L.M.); (E.F.); (G.D.B.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Mehmet Enes Aslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25200 Erzurum, Turkey; (M.E.A.); (O.C.)
| | - Kenan Cadirci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, 25200 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Cigdem Yuce Kahraman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (C.Y.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Ozge Caglar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25200 Erzurum, Turkey; (M.E.A.); (O.C.)
| | - Abdulgani Tatar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey; (C.Y.K.); (A.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Di Biase
- Department of Pharmacy, Univerisity “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo, Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (L.M.); (E.F.); (G.D.B.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Antonio Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, Univerisity “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo, Chieti, Italy; (I.C.); (L.M.); (E.F.); (G.D.B.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, 24075 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (A.M.)
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20
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Morshed MT, Nguyen HT, Vuong D, Crombie A, Lacey E, Ogunniyi AD, Page SW, Trott DJ, Piggott AM. Semisynthesis and biological evaluation of a focused library of unguinol derivatives as next-generation antibiotics. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1022-1036. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02460k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Semisynthetic unguinol derivatives showed potent activity against a panel of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains and are promising candidates for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hang T. Nguyen
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
- The University of Adelaide
- Roseworthy
- Australia
| | - Daniel Vuong
- Microbial Screening Technologies Pty. Ltd
- Smithfield
- Australia
| | - Andrew Crombie
- Microbial Screening Technologies Pty. Ltd
- Smithfield
- Australia
| | - Ernest Lacey
- Department of Molecular Sciences
- Macquarie University
- Australia
- Microbial Screening Technologies Pty. Ltd
- Smithfield
| | - Abiodun D. Ogunniyi
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
- The University of Adelaide
- Roseworthy
- Australia
| | | | - Darren J. Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
- The University of Adelaide
- Roseworthy
- Australia
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21
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Küçükdoğru R, Türkez H, Arslan ME, Tozlu ÖÖ, Sönmez E, Mardinoğlu A, Cacciatore I, Di Stefano A. Neuroprotective effects of boron nitride nanoparticles in the experimental Parkinson's disease model against MPP+ induced apoptosis. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:947-957. [PMID: 32215836 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00559-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most aggressive neurodegenerative diseases and characterized by the loss of dopamine-sensitive neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. There is no any definitive treatment to completely cure PD and existing treatments can only ease the symptoms of the disease. Boron nitride nanoparticles have been extensively studied in nano-biological studies and researches showed that it can be a promising candidate for PD treatment with its biologically active unique properties. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate ameliorative effects of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles (hBNs) against toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in experimental PD model. Experimental PD model was constituted by application of MPP+ to differentiated pluripotent human embryonal carcinoma cell (Ntera-2, NT-2) culture in wide range of concentrations (0.62 to 2 mM). Neuroprotective activity of hBNs against MPP+ toxicity was determined by cell viability assays including MTT and LDH release. Oxidative alterations by hBNs application in PD cell culture model were investigated using total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) tests. The impacts of hBNs and MPP+ on nuclear integrity were analyzed by Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining method. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activities were determined by a colorimetric assay towards to hBNs treatment. Cell death mechanisms caused by hBNs and MPP+ exposure was investigated by flow cytometry analysis. Experimental results showed that application of hBNs increased cell viability in PD model against MPP+ application. TAS and TOS analysis were determined that antioxidant capacity elevated after hBNs applications while oxidant levels were reduced. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis executed that MPP+ induced apoptosis was prevented significantly (p < 0.05) after application with hBNs. In a conclusion, the obtained results indicated that hBNs have a huge potential against MPP+ toxicity and can be used in PD treatment as novel neuroprotective agent and drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Küçükdoğru
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Türkiye
| | - Hasan Türkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Türkiye.
| | - Özlem Özdemir Tozlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25240, Türkiye
| | - Erdal Sönmez
- Department of Physics, Kazım Karabekir Education Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Adil Mardinoğlu
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacology, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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Mohammadi M, Zambare V, Malek L, Gottardo C, Suntres Z, Christopher L. Lichenochemicals: extraction, purification, characterization, and application as potential anticancer agents. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:575-601. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1730325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Mohammadi
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vasudeo Zambare
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- School of Sciences, Sandip University, Nashik, India
| | - Ladislav Malek
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Gottardo
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zacharias Suntres
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lew Christopher
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Biorefinery World, LLC, Rapid City, SD, USA
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23
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Anticancer Potential of Lichens' Secondary Metabolites. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010087. [PMID: 31948092 PMCID: PMC7022966 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichens produce different classes of phenolic compounds, including anthraquinones, xanthones, dibenzofuranes, depsides and depsidones. Many of them have revealed effective biological activities such as antioxidant, antiviral, antibiotics, antifungal, and anticancer. Although no clinical study has been conducted yet, there are number of in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating anticancer effects of lichen metabolites. The main goal of our work was to review most recent published papers dealing with anticancer activities of secondary metabolites of lichens and point out to their perspective clinical use in cancer management.
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Ecem Bayram N, Gerçek YC, Bayram S, Toğar B. Effects of processing methods and extraction solvents on the chemical content and bioactive properties of propolis. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Tas I, Yildirim A, Ozkan E, Ozyigitoglu G, Yavuz M, Turker A. Biological evaluation and phytochemical profiling of some lichen species. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2019.48.4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Tas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14280, Bolu. Turkey
- Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - A.B. Yildirim
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu. Turkey
| | - E. Ozkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14280, Bolu. Turkey
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju. Republic of Korea
| | - G.C. Ozyigitoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul. Turkey
| | - M.Z. Yavuz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu. Turkey
| | - A.U. Turker
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14280, Bolu. Turkey
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Emsen B, Ozdemir O, Engin T, Togar B, Cavusoglu S, Turkez H. Inhibition of growth of U87MG human glioblastoma cells by Usnea longissima Ach. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2019; 91:e20180994. [PMID: 31596391 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920180994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines are efficient to reduce side effects in the fight against glioblastoma, which plays a critical role within brain cancer species. The recent studies designated for testing the effects of lichens that have shown numerous anticancer activities on glioblastoma so far. In the present study, different concentrations of water extract obtained from Usnea longissima Ach. were used in order to determine cytotoxic (via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase tests), antioxidant (via total antioxidant capacity test), pro-oxidant (via total oxidant status test) and genotoxic (via 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine test) effects of them on human U87MG-glioblastoma cancer cell lines. Primary mixed glial-neuronal non-cancerous cells from Sprague-Dawley rats were also utilized to measure the effects of treatments on non-cancerous cells. Based on median inhibitory concentration values, the data belonged to non-cancerous cells (2486.71 mg/L) showed distinct towering compared to U87MG (80.93 mg/L) cells. The viability of non-cancerous and U87MG cells exposed to extract is decreased in a dose dependent manner. It was also showed that low concentrations of extract notably increased total antioxidant capacity on non-cancerous cells. In addition, various phenolic compounds in extract were detected through high-performance liquid chromatography. The recent results encourage that extract will be able to have therapeutic potential against glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bugrahan Emsen
- Department of Biology, Kamil Özdağ Faculty of Science, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, İbrahim Öktem Street, 70200, Center, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Airport Road Street, 25050, Yakutiye, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tubanur Engin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Fevziçakmak, Paşaçayırı Campus, 36100, Center, Kars, Turkey
| | - Basak Togar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Bayburt University, 21 February Street, Dede Korkut Campus, 69000, Center, Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Seyda Cavusoglu
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Bardakçı, 65090 Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Airport Road Street, 25050, Yakutiye, Erzurum, Turkey.,Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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Goga M, Kello M, Vilkova M, Petrova K, Backor M, Adlassnig W, Lang I. Oxidative stress mediated by gyrophoric acid from the lichen Umbilicaria hirsuta affected apoptosis and stress/survival pathways in HeLa cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:221. [PMID: 31426865 PMCID: PMC6701105 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Lichens produce a huge diversity of bioactive compounds with several biological effects. Gyrophoric acid (GA) is found in high concentrations in the common lichen Umbilicaria hirsuta, however evidence for biological activity was limited to anti-proliferative activity described on several cancer cell lines. Methods We developed and validated a new protocol for GA isolation, resulting in a high yield of highly pure GA (validated by HPLC and NMR) in an easy and time saving manner. Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity, oxygen radicals formation and stress/survival proteins activity changes was study by flow cytometry. Results The highly purified GA showed anti-proliferative activity against HeLa (human cervix carcinoma) and other tumor cells. Moreover, GA threated cells showed a significant increase in caspase-3 activation followed by PARP cleavage, PS externalization and cell cycle changes mediated by oxidative stress. Production of oxygen radicals led to DNA damage and changes in stress/survival pathways activation. Conclusions GA treatment on HeLa cells clearly indicates ROS production and apoptosis as form of occurred cell death. Moreover, DNA damage and changing activity of stress/survival proteins as p38MAPK, Erk1/2 and Akt mediated by GA treatment confirm pro-apoptotic potential. The pharmacological potential of U. hirsuta derived GA is discussed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2631-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Psoromic Acid, a Lichen-Derived Molecule, Inhibits the Replication of HSV-1 and HSV-2, and Inactivates HSV-1 DNA Polymerase: Shedding Light on Antiherpetic Properties. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24162912. [PMID: 31405197 PMCID: PMC6720901 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoromic acid (PA), a bioactive lichen-derived compound, was investigated for its inhibitory properties against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), along with the inhibitory effect on HSV-1 DNA polymerase, which is a key enzyme that plays an essential role in HSV-1 replication cycle. PA was found to notably inhibit HSV-1 replication (50% inhibitory concentration (IC50): 1.9 μM; selectivity index (SI): 163.2) compared with the standard drug acyclovir (ACV) (IC50: 2.6 μM; SI: 119.2). The combination of PA with ACV has led to potent inhibitory activity against HSV-1 replication (IC50: 1.1 µM; SI: 281.8) compared with that of ACV. Moreover, PA displayed equivalent inhibitory action against HSV-2 replication (50% effective concentration (EC50): 2.7 μM; SI: 114.8) compared with that of ACV (EC50: 2.8 μM; SI: 110.7). The inhibition potency of PA in combination with ACV against HSV-2 replication was also detected (EC50: 1.8 µM; SI: 172.2). Further, PA was observed to effectively inhibit HSV-1 DNA polymerase (as a non-nucleoside inhibitor) with respect to dTTP incorporation in a competitive inhibition mode (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50): 0.7 μM; inhibition constant (Ki): 0.3 μM) compared with reference drugs aphidicolin (IC50: 0.8 μM; Ki: 0.4 μM) and ACV triphosphate (ACV-TP) (IC50: 0.9 μM; Ki: 0.5 μM). It is noteworthy that the mechanism by which PA-induced anti-HSV-1 activity was related to its inhibitory action against HSV-1 DNA polymerase. Furthermore, the outcomes of in vitro experiments were authenticated using molecular docking analyses, as the molecular interactions of PA with the active sites of HSV-1 DNA polymerase and HSV-2 protease (an essential enzyme required for HSV-2 replication) were revealed. Since this is a first report on the above-mentioned properties, we can conclude that PA might be a future drug for the treatment of HSV infections as well as a promising lead molecule for further anti-HSV drug design.
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Antimycobacterial, Enzyme Inhibition, and Molecular Interaction Studies of Psoromic Acid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Efficacy and Safety Investigations. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7080226. [PMID: 30127304 PMCID: PMC6111308 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7080226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study explores the antimycobacterial efficacy of lichen-derived psoromic acid (PA) against clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). Additionally, the inhibitory efficacy of PA against two critical enzymes associated with M.tb, namely, UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM) and arylamine-N-acetyltransferase (TBNAT), as drug targets for antituberculosis therapy were determined. PA showed a profound inhibitory effect towards all the M.tb strains tested, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging between 3.2 and 4.1 µM, and selectivity indices (SIs) ranging between 18.3 and 23.4. On the other hand, the standard drug isoniazid (INH) displayed comparably high MIC values (varying from 5.4 to 5.8 µM) as well as low SI values (13.0–13.9). Interestingly, PA did not exhibit any cytotoxic effects on a human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line even at the highest concentration tested (75 µM). PA demonstrated remarkable suppressing propensity against UGM compared to standard uridine-5'-diphosphate (UDP), with 85.8 and 99.3% of inhibition, respectively. In addition, PA also exerted phenomenal inhibitory efficacy (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value = 8.7 µM, and 77.4% inhibition) against TBNAT compared with standard INH (IC50 value = 6.2 µM and 96.3% inhibition). Furthermore, in silico analysis validated the outcomes of in vitro assays, as the molecular interactions of PA with the active sites of UGM and TBNAT were unveiled using molecular docking and structure–activity relationship studies. Concomitantly, our findings present PA as an effective and safe natural drug plausible for use in controlling tuberculosis infections.
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A Comparative Evaluation of the Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activity of Mentha crispa Essential Oil, Its Major Constituent Rotundifolone, and Analogues on Human Glioblastoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2083923. [PMID: 30057673 PMCID: PMC6051078 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2083923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health problem around the globe. This disorder is affected by alterations in multiple physiological processes, and oxidative stress has been etiologically implicated in its pathogenesis. Glioblastoma (GBM) is considered the most common and aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis despite recent improvements in surgical, radiation, and chemotherapy-based treatment approaches. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antitumor activity from Mentha crispa essential oil (MCEO), its major constituent rotundifolone (ROT), and a series of six analogues on the human U87MG glioblastoma cell line. Cytotoxic effects of the compounds on the human U87MG-GBM cell line were assessed using in vitro cell viability and oxidative and molecular genetic assays. In addition, biosafety assessment tests were performed on cultured human blood cells. Our findings revealed that MCEO, 1,2-perillaldehyde epoxide (EPER1), and perillaldehyde (PALD) were the most cytotoxic compounds against U87MG cells, with IC50 values of 16.263, 15.087, and 14.888 μg/mL, respectively. Further, these compounds increased the expressions of BRAF, EGFR, KRAS, NFκB1, NFκB1A, NFκB2, PIK3CA, PIK3R, PTEN, and TP53 genes at different degrees and decreased the expression of some genes such as AKT1, AKT2, FOS, and RAF1. Finally, treatment with MCEO, EPER1, and PALD did not lead to genotoxic damage in blood cells. Taken together, our findings reveal antiproliferative potential of MCEO, its major component ROT, and its tested analogues. Some of these chemical analogues may be useful as prototypes for the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents for treating human brain cancer and/or other cancers due to their promising activities as well as nonmutagenic property and safety.
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Vengoji R, Macha MA, Batra SK, Shonka NA. Natural products: a hope for glioblastoma patients. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22194-22219. [PMID: 29774132 PMCID: PMC5955138 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive malignant tumors with an overall dismal survival averaging one year despite multimodality therapeutic interventions including surgery, radiotherapy and concomitant and adjuvant chemotherapy. Few drugs are FDA approved for GBM, and the addition of temozolomide (TMZ) to standard therapy increases the median survival by only 2.5 months. Targeted therapy appeared promising in in vitro monolayer cultures, but disappointed in preclinical and clinical trials, partly due to the poor penetration of drugs through the blood brain barrier (BBB). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have intrinsic resistance to initial chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and acquire further resistance via deregulation of many signaling pathways. Due to the failure of classical chemotherapies and targeted drugs, research efforts focusing on the use of less toxic agents have increased. Interestingly, multiple natural compounds have shown antitumor and apoptotic effects in TMZ resistant and p53 mutant GBM cell lines and also displayed synergistic effects with TMZ. In this review, we have summarized the current literature on natural products or product analogs used to modulate the BBB permeability, induce cell death, eradicate CSCs and sensitize GBM to CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghupathy Vengoji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Muzafar A. Macha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Nicole A. Shonka
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology and Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
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Emsen B, Togar B, Turkez H, Aslan A. Effects of two lichen acids isolated from Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf in cultured human lymphocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 73:303-312. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2017-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The present study aims at assessing the efficacies of olivetoric acid (OA) and physodic acid (PA) isolated from Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (Parmeliaceae) in human lymphocytes (HLs) in vitro. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays were performed to establish cytotoxicity in HLs. Besides, oxidative stress and genotoxicity were monitored by estimating the changes of total oxidative stress (TOS) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels, respectively, in HLs. At the same time, OA- and PA-induced total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels in HLs were determined. Although especially low concentrations of OA (IC50=109.94 mg/L) and PA (IC50=665.49 mg/L) did not show cytotoxic effect at high levels in HLs, it was revealed that cytotoxicity was significantly (p<0.05) associated with oxidative stress and genotoxicity via correlation analysis. While TOS level in HLs did not statistically (p>0.05) increase in the presence of all treatments (0.5–100 mg/L) of PA, TAC level was increased by PA applications in certain concentrations (0.5–10 mg/L). Overall, the obtained data indicate that OA and especially PA as lichen compounds that do not cause oxidative stress can be a new resource of therapeutics as recognized in the present study with their high antioxidant features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bugrahan Emsen
- Department of Biology, Kamil Özdağ Faculty of Science , Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University , Karaman , Turkey , Phone: +90-3382263825, Fax: +90-3382262150
| | - Basak Togar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques , Vocational School of Health Services, Bayburt University , Bayburt , Turkey
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University , Erzurum , Turkey
- Department of Pharmacy , University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Ali Aslan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Van Yüzüncü Yıl University , Van , Turkey
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Cho CL, Lee YZ, Tseng CN, Cho J, Cheng YB, Wang KW, Chen HJ, Chiou SJ, Chou CH, Hong YR. Hexane fraction of Pluchea indica root extract inhibits proliferation and induces autophagy in human glioblastoma cells. Biomed Rep 2017; 7:416-422. [PMID: 29181154 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluchea indica (L.) Less. is a perennial plant known for its versatile uses in traditional medicine. Previous findings have shown that the extracts of Pluchea indica possess significant anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and anti-tuberculosis activity. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the anticancer activity of the hexane fraction of P. indica root extract (H-PIRE) in human glioblastoma cells using flow cytometric and western blot analysis. The results shoewd that, H-PIRE suppressed the growth of glioblastoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. H-PIRE treatment markedly decreased the population of cells in S and G2/M phases. The significant upregulation of acidic vesicular organelle (AVO) was detected during H-PIRE treatment. The expression levels of microtubule-associated light chain 3-II (LC3-II) protein, phosphorylated JNK and phosphorylated p38 were significantly increased, confirming the occurrence of autophagy during the process. Finally, the combination treatment of H-PIRE and LY294002, a pan PI3K inhibitor, further decreased cell viability, suggesting an additive anticancer effect. Taken together, our results suggest that H-PIRE suppresses the proliferation of glioblastoma cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Lung Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ya-Zhe Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chao-Neng Tseng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Joshua Cho
- University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Han-Jung Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shean-Jaw Chiou
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Hua Chou
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ren Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, R.O.C
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