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Zhang X, Xiong Z, Zhang S, Li K, Bu Y, Zheng N, Zhao S, Wang J. Enrichment of milk antioxidant activity by dietary supplementation of red clover isoflavone in cows and its improvement on mice intestinal health. Food Chem 2024; 446:138764. [PMID: 38408399 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavone was supplemented to dairy cows, and antioxidant capacity of milk was assessed. Treated cows increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, reduced production of oxidation products, and enhanced the concentrations of vitamin E and vitamin C. Moreover, milk fatty acid profile was positive influenced by 8 g/kg red clover isoflavone, with changes in the lower saturated and higher unsaturated fatty acids. We further demonstrated the efficacy of antioxidant capacity of milk in mice, found that milk from cows feeding red clover isoflavone increased the expressions of antioxidant enzymes, and alleviated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated tissue damage of duodenum and jejunum, which was related to upregulated metabolism pathways of carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid, as well as downregulated inflammatory related pathways. Together, dietary supplementation of red clover isoflavone is an effective way to improve milk antioxidant capacity, providing a natural strategy for developing functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhanbo Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Kexin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ying Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Prachumchai R, Suriyapha C, Dagaew G, Sommai S, Matra M, Phupaboon S, Phasuk Y, Wanapat M. Microencapsulation of lemongrass and mangosteen peel as phytogenic compounds to gas kinetics, fermentation, degradability, methane production, and microbial population using in vitro gas technique. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304282. [PMID: 38837999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the impact of various doses of microencapsulated lemongrass and mangosteen peel (MELM) on gas dynamics, rumen fermentation, degradability, methane production, and microbial population in in vitro gas experiments. With five levels of microencapsulated-phytonutrient supplementation at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% of substrate, 0.5 g of roughage, and a concentrate ratio of 60:40, the trial was set up as a completely randomized design. Under investigation, the amount of final asymptotic gas volume was corresponding responded to completely digested substrate (b) increased cubically as a result of the addition of MELM (P < 0.01) and a cubic rise in cumulative gas output. The amount of MELM form did not change the pH and NH3-N concentration of the rumen after 12 and 24 h of incubation. However, methane production during 24 h of incubation, the levels were cubically decreased with further doses of MELM (P < 0.01) at 12 h of incubation. Increasing the dosage of MELM supplementation at 2% DM resulted in a significant increase in the digestibility of in vitro neutral detergent fiber (IVNDF) and in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) at various incubation times (P < 0.05), but decreased above 3% DM supplementations. Moreover, the concentration of propionic acid (C3) exhibited the variations across the different levels of MELM (P < 0.05), with the maximum concentration obtained at 2% DM. The populations of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Megasphaera elsdenii revealed a significant increase (P < 0.05), while the quantity of Methanobacteriales decreased linearly with increasing doses of MELM. In conclusion, the inclusion of MELM at a concentration of 2% DM in the substrate which could enhance cumulative gas production, NDF and true digestibility, C3 production, and microbial population, while reducing methane concentration and Methanobacterial abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rittikeard Prachumchai
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala, University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chaichana Suriyapha
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Gamonmas Dagaew
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sukruthai Sommai
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Maharach Matra
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Srisan Phupaboon
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Yupin Phasuk
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Foggi G, Terranova M, Daghio M, Amelchanka SL, Conte G, Ineichen S, Agnolucci M, Viti C, Mantino A, Buccioni A, Kreuzer M, Mele M. Evaluation of ruminal methane and ammonia formation and microbiota composition as affected by supplements based on mixtures of tannins and essential oils using Rusitec. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:48. [PMID: 38561832 PMCID: PMC10986001 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary supplements based on tannin extracts or essential oil compounds (EOC) have been repeatedly reported as a promising feeding strategy to reduce the environmental impact of ruminant husbandry. A previous batch culture screening of various supplements identified selected mixtures with an enhanced potential to mitigate ruminal methane and ammonia formation. Among these, Q-2 (named after quebracho extract and EOC blend 2, composed of carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol) and C-10 (chestnut extract and EOC blend 10, consisting of oregano and thyme essential oils and limonene) have been investigated in detail in the present study with the semi-continuous rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) in three independent runs. For this purpose, Q-2 and C-10, dosed according to the previous study, were compared with a non-supplemented diet (negative control, NC) and with one supplemented with the commercial EOC-based Agolin® Ruminant (positive control, PC). RESULTS From d 5 to 10 of fermentation incubation liquid was collected and analysed for pH, ammonia, protozoa count, and gas composition. Feed residues were collected for the determination of ruminal degradability. On d 10, samples of incubation liquid were also characterised for bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and 26S ribosomal large subunit gene amplicons. Regardless of the duration of the fermentation period, Q-2 and C-10 were similarly efficient as PC in mitigating either ammonia (-37% by Q-2, -34% by PC) or methane formation (-12% by C-10, -12% by PC). The PC was also responsible for lower feed degradability and bacterial and fungal richness, whereas Q-2 and C-10 effects, particularly on microbiome diversities, were limited compared to NC. CONCLUSIONS All additives showed the potential to mitigate methane or ammonia formation, or both, in vitro over a period of 10 d. However, several differences occurred between PC and Q-2/C-10, indicating different mechanisms of action. The pronounced defaunation caused by PC and its suggested consequences apparently determined at least part of the mitigant effects. Although the depressive effect on NDF degradability caused by Q-2 and C-10 might partially explain their mitigation properties, their mechanisms of action remain mostly to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Foggi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Matteo Daghio
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, 50144, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Conte
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali "E. Avanzi", University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Simon Ineichen
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences HAFL, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Zollikofen, Switzerland
| | - Monica Agnolucci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali "E. Avanzi", University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Carlo Viti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, 50144, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantino
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali "E. Avanzi", University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, 50144, Italy
| | - Michael Kreuzer
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Lindau, Switzerland
| | - Marcello Mele
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali "E. Avanzi", University of Pisa, Pisa, 56122, Italy
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Gao C, Qi M, Zhou Y. Chestnut tannin extract modulates growth performance and fatty acid composition in finishing Tan lambs by regulating blood antioxidant capacity, rumen fermentation, and biohydrogenation. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:23. [PMID: 38200507 PMCID: PMC10782739 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tannins as plant extracts have emerged as promising and potential alternatives for antibiotics in modern livestock cultivation systems. This study investigates the effect of dietary chestnut tannin extract (CTE) in finishing Tan lambs. Twenty-seven male Tan lambs were randomly divided into three groups: (1) control group (CON; basal diet); (2) low-dose CTE group (LCTE; basal diet + 2 g/kg CTE, dry matter [DM] basis); (3) high-dose CTE group (HCTE; basal diet + 4 g/kg CTE, DM basis). The HCTE group exhibited markedly higher average daily gain (ADG) and DM intake than CON (P < 0.01). The ruminal total volatile fatty acid concentration increased linearly with increasing CTE supplementation (P < 0.01), while the opposite trend was observed for butyrate molar proportion (P < 0.01). Upon increasing CTE dosage, plasma glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase content increased linearly (P < 0.05), whereas low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and urea nitrogen decreased linearly or quadratically (P < 0.05), respectively. A linear increase was also observed in ruminal t6 C18:1 and t9, c12 C18:2 proportions (P < 0.01), and plasma C18:2n-6 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids proportions with increased CTE supplementation (P < 0.01). In the longissimus dorsi muscle, the atherogenic index decreased linearly (P < 0.05), while c11 C18:1 and C20:5n-3 increased linearly (P < 0.05). Moreover, c9, t11 conjugated linoleic acids proportion increased in subcutaneous fat with CTE supplementation (P < 0.01). In conclusion, Dietary CTE enhances the ADG of finishing Tan lambs in a dose-dependent manner, modulates plasma metabolites and antioxidant capacity, and improves rumen fermentation and body fatty acid composition. These results provide a reference for the rational application of CTE in ruminant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changpeng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Mingjiang Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.
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Banakar PS, Kumar S, Varada VV, Dixit S, Tyagi N, Tyagi AK. Dietary supplementation of Aloe vera extract modulates rumen microbes and improves the functional food value of milk by altering phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and fatty acid profile in lactating goats. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3027-3038. [PMID: 36200859 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2127748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four cross-breed (Alpine × Beetal) lactating goats (average body weight: 37.5 ± 2.7 kg and milk yield: 1.78 ± 0.31 kg/day) were chosen for the ninety days duration of the experiment and divided into three groups following a completely randomized design. Group I acted as control (T0) and received only a basal diet as per requirement, whereas group II (T1) and group III (T2) received basal diet added with Aloe vera extract at 2% and 4% of dry matter intake (DMI), respectively. Total phenolic compounds (TPC) and milk antioxidant status were higher (p < 0.05) in T1 and T2 than T0. Relative abundance of methanogen, protozoa, Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus, and Ruminococcus flavefaciens in the rumen were lower, while Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens population was higher (p < 0.05) in T2 and T1 compared to T0. Saturated fatty acids levels in milk were lower, whereas different polyunsaturated fatty acids levels were higher (p < 0.05) in T1 and T2 than T0. Nutritional indices of milk increased in both supplemented groups. Overall, it may be concluded that dietary supplementation of Aloe vera extract at 2% and 4% of DMI may enhance the functional characteristics of milk by boosting TPC and antioxidant status, as well as the FA profile and nutritional quality indices of milk fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Banakar
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Vinay Venkatesh Varada
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Sonam Dixit
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Nitin Tyagi
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Amrish Kumar Tyagi
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Wang X, Bai C, Khas Erdene, Umair AM, Cao Q, Ao C, Jiang L. Potential modulating effects of Allium mongolicum regel ethanol extract on rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation bacteria of dairy cows in vitro. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1272691. [PMID: 38029125 PMCID: PMC10643186 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1272691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential modulating effects of Allium mongolicum regel ethanol extract (AME) on rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation (BH) bacteria in vitro. Four Holstein cows were used as donors for the rumen fluid used in this study. In experiment 1, five treatments (supplemented with 0 mg/g, 1 mg/g, 2 mg/g, 3 mg/g, and 4 mg/g of AME based on fermentation substrate, respectively) were conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of AME on fermentation status in vitro. The results showed that after 24 h of fermentation, MCP was reduced with AME supplementation (p < 0.05), and the multiple combinations of different combinations index (MFAEI) value was the highest with 3 mg/g of AME. In experiment 2, six treatments were constructed which contained: control group (A1); the unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) mixture at 3% concentration (A2); the mixture of A2 and 3 mg/g of AME (A3); 3 mg/g of AME (A4); the UFA mixture at 1.5% concentration (A5); the mixture of A5 and 3 mg/g of AME (A6). The abundance of bacterial species involved in BH was measured to evaluate the potential modulating effect of AME on rumen BH in vitro. Compared with the A1 group, the A3, A4, and A6 groups both showed significant decreases in the abundance of rumen BH microbial flora including Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Ruminococcus albus and Clostridium aminophilum (p < 0.01). The A3 group was less inhibitory than A4 in the abundance of B. proteoclasticus, B. fibrisolvens, and R. albus, and the inhibitory effect of the A6 group was higher than that of A4. In conclusion, the supplementation with 3 mg/g of AME could modulate the rumen fermentation and affect BH key bacteria, which suggests that AME may have the potential to inhibit the rumen BH of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoYuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Universities, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chen Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Universities, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Khas Erdene
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Universities, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ashraf Muhammad Umair
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Universities, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - QiNa Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Universities, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - ChangJin Ao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Universities, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - LinShu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cattle Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Di Meo MC, Salzano A, Zotti T, Palladino A, Giaquinto D, Maruccio L, Romanucci R, Rocco M, Zarrelli A, D'Occhio MJ, Campanile G, Varricchio E. Plasma fatty acid profile in Italian Holstein-Friesian dairy cows supplemented with natural polyphenols from the olive plant Olea Europaea L. Vet Anim Sci 2023; 21:100298. [PMID: 37252208 PMCID: PMC10220399 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2023.100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of supplementing with natural functional feed on the plasma fatty acid profile of lactating Italian Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Thirty cows in mid-lactation received the natural olive extract PHENOFEED DRY (500 mg/cow/day) which mainly comprises hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and verbascoside. The total content of polyphenols and the antioxidant power of standard feed, enriched feed and pure extract was evaluated respectively by Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH assay, and a characterization in HPLC-UV (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet) of bioactive molecules present in the extract PHENOFEED DRY was performed. PHENOFEED DRY was provided for 60 days, and the plasma profile of fatty acids was determined by Gas Chromatography. The administration of enriched feed resulted in an increase in the ratio of Omega-6 to Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from 3:1 to 4:1 (p<0.001). This was not influenced by the calving order. The addition of polyphenols helped to keep monounsaturated (MUFA) and saturated (SFA) levels constant and results in a significant increase in polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acid after 15 days of administration. The Omega-6/Omega-3 ratio was in the optimal range. The findings show that inclusion of natural functional food such as plant polyphenols helps to maintain a healthy blood fatty acid profile in lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Di Meo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies (DST), University of Sannio, Benevento, BN 82100, Italy
| | - Angela Salzano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, NA 80137, Italy
| | - Tiziana Zotti
- Department of Sciences and Technologies (DST), University of Sannio, Benevento, BN 82100, Italy
| | - Antonio Palladino
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, NA 80055, Italy
| | - Daniela Giaquinto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, NA 80137, Italy
| | - Lucianna Maruccio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, NA 80137, Italy
| | - Riccardo Romanucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, NA 80137, Italy
| | - Mariapina Rocco
- Department of Sciences and Technologies (DST), University of Sannio, Benevento, BN 82100, Italy
| | - Armando Zarrelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, NA 80126, Italy
| | - Michael J. D'Occhio
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, NA 80137, Italy
| | - Ettore Varricchio
- Department of Sciences and Technologies (DST), University of Sannio, Benevento, BN 82100, Italy
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Cicchi C, Paoli P, Modesti A, Mannelli F, Scicutella F, Buccioni A, Fontanarosa C, Luti S, Pazzagli L. Effect of Bovine Milk Peptides on Cell Inflammation, Proliferation and Differentiation: Milk Potential Benefits Are Preserved in an Unconventional Cow Feeding Strategy. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1162. [PMID: 37759562 PMCID: PMC10525111 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Animal feeding through the reuse of agro-industrial by-products in one of the ultimate goals of sustainable agriculture. Olive oil pomace (OOP) produced as a waste product during olive oil milling has been used as an ingredient in the diet for Holstein lactating cows. Recent findings have shown no decrease in animal performance, feed intake or detrimental effect on rumen microbiota. In contrast, an improvement in C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids has been observed. In this work, the milk protein content from cows fed a commercial diet (CON) or an experimental one supplemented with OOP was determined and compared, and the peptides derived from the simulated gastrointestinal digestion of raw milk were analyzed. After fractionation via RP-HPLC, peptides were characterized for their biological activity on different cell lines. The ability to reduce both the intracellular ROS content and the expression of inflammatory markers, such as Cyclooxygenase, isoenzyme 2 (COX-2) and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), as well as the remarkable properties to induce cell differentiation and to slow down the proliferation of human intestinal cancer cells, enable us to define them as bioactive peptides. In spite of there being no observed significant difference between the healthy activity of CON and OOP peptides, the results allow us to broaden the knowledge about the biological activity of these bioactive peptides and to confirm that agro-industrial by-products may be successfully incorporated into the feeding strategy of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Cicchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Alessandra Modesti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Federica Mannelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (F.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Federica Scicutella
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (F.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Sciences and Technologies, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy; (F.M.); (F.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Carolina Fontanarosa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- Consorzio Interuniversitario I.N.B.B., Viale Medaglie D’Oro, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Luti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Luigia Pazzagli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.); (L.P.)
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da Silva Aguiar F, Bezerra LR, Cordão MA, Cavalcante ITR, de Oliveira JPF, do Nascimento RR, de Souza BB, Oliveira RL, Pereira ES, Filho JMP. Effects of Increasing Levels of Total Tannins on Intake, Digestibility, and Balance of Nitrogen, Water, and Energy in Hair Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2497. [PMID: 37570305 PMCID: PMC10416999 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of increasing tannin levels from Mimosa tenuiflora hay on the intake, digestibility, and balance of nitrogen (N), water, and energy in hair lambs. Thirty-two Santa Ines lambs, at an average age of 150 days and body weight of 26.75 ± 2.29 kg, were randomly assigned to four treatments in a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of four diets: a control diet, tannin-free, and three diets with increasing levels of total tannin, 26.2, 52.4, and 78.6 g tannin/kg dry matter (DM). Including the total tannins in the lambs' diet led to a quadratic increase in the intake of nutrients, N-retention (g/day), water intake, water absorption and retention, energy intake, and energy excretion in feces and gases. However, the digestibility of crude protein, neutral and acid detergent fibers, and total carbohydrates decreased. It was observed that there is a correlation between the variable nutrient digestibility and N-ingested and the N-absorbed, N-urinary, and N-retained. However, the N-excreted in feces did not correlate with any of the variables studied. It is recommended to include 33 g/kg DM of total natural tannins from Mimosa tenuiflora hay in the diet of hair lambs, as it improves intake, energy balance, dietary N, and body water composition while reducing the excretion of N-urinary and gas emissions to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício da Silva Aguiar
- Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos 58708110, PB, Brazil; (F.d.S.A.); (R.R.d.N.); (B.B.d.S.)
| | - Leilson Rocha Bezerra
- Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos 58708110, PB, Brazil; (F.d.S.A.); (R.R.d.N.); (B.B.d.S.)
| | - Maiza Araújo Cordão
- Animal Science Departament, Faculdades Nova Esperança-FACENE, João Pessoa 58067698, PB, Brazil;
| | | | | | - Romilda Rodrigues do Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos 58708110, PB, Brazil; (F.d.S.A.); (R.R.d.N.); (B.B.d.S.)
| | - Bonifácio Benício de Souza
- Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos 58708110, PB, Brazil; (F.d.S.A.); (R.R.d.N.); (B.B.d.S.)
| | - Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170115, BA, Brazil;
| | - Elzania Sales Pereira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceara, 2977, Mister Hull Avenue, Fortaleza 60356000, CE, Brazil;
| | - José Morais Pereira Filho
- Graduate Program in Animal Science and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos 58708110, PB, Brazil; (F.d.S.A.); (R.R.d.N.); (B.B.d.S.)
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10
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Wang X, Hao W, Huang X, Duan Z. Lower blood lipid level from the administration of plant tannins via altering the gut microbiota diversity and structure. Food Funct 2023; 14:4847-4858. [PMID: 37129242 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03206f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-four Tan sheep were randomly assigned into 4 groups to study the capability of tannin supplementation (0.5% in dietary DM) to lower blood lipid levels mediated through the gut microbiota. The control (NC) group was offered a basic diet, while the 3 treatment groups were the TA group, which received supplementary tannic acid (TA); GSPE group, which received supplementary procyanidins (GSPE); and the TA + GSPE group, which received supplementary TA and GSPE, besides being supplied with the basic diet for 8 weeks feeding. At the end of the experiment, the serum glucose, insulin, lipids, and cytokines were measured, and the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon were tested by GC/MS. Moreover, the jejunal and colonic microbiota were detected by 16S rRNA sequencing. Significant reductions in serum triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein were found in all treatments. The total SCFAs decreased, while the iso-acids were significantly increased in the TA and TA + GSPE groups. The sheep showed noticeably lower MCP-1 and higher COX-2 levels in the GSPE group than that in the NC group. IL-6 was increased in the sheep fed with TA. The tannins still caused a noticeable shift in the colonic microbiota, with significant increases in the abundances of Adlercreutzia and Oscillospira. Ultimately, it was found that the diet with low levels of tannin could reduce blood triacylglycerol and cholesterol in sheep significantly by affecting the composition of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Wenjing Hao
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ziyuan Duan
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
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11
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Uushona T, Chikwanha OC, Katiyatiya CLF, Strydom PE, Mapiye C. Fatty acid and oxidative shelf-life profiles of meat from lambs fed finisher diets containing Acacia mearnsii leaf-meal. Meat Sci 2023; 201:109190. [PMID: 37060878 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Five diets containing Acacia mearnsii leaf-meal (AMLM; 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg DM) substituted for Triticum aestivum bran were fed to lambs for 42 days. The effect of diet and retail display period on meat fatty acid (FA) composition (day 1); colour, antioxidant activity, myoglobin and lipid oxidation (day 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9); protein oxidation (1, 3 and 7 d) and instrumental tenderness (day 1, 5 and 10) were evaluated. Dietary AMLM linearly decreased (P ≤ 0.05) individual (14:0, 16:0, 18:0) and total saturated FA and increased (P ≤ 0.05) trans(t)-monounsaturated FA (MUFA) mainly t10/t11-18:1, individual and total conjugated linoleic acids, n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) contents. The contents of cis(c)-MUFA, mainly c9-18:1, exhibited a quadratic response reaching a minimum at 50 g/kg AMLM (P ≤ 0.05). Meat antioxidant on day 9 was higher (P ≤ 0.05) for diets containing ≥100 g/kg DM AMLM compared to the other diet × retail display period interactions. Relative to the other interactions, meat redness values were lowest on day 7 and 9 for AMLM diets containing ≥150 g/kg DM (P ≤ 0.05). Dietary addition of AMLM increased (P ≤ 0.05) meat lightness and oxymyoglobin, and reduced (P ≤ 0.05) TBARS and instrumental tenderness values. However, oxymyoglobin values declined (P ≤ 0.05) over the retail display period, while lightness, metmyoglobin, TBARS and carbonyls increased (P ≤ 0.05). Results indicate that AMLM up to 200 g/kg DM in lamb finisher diets, improves meat fatty acid composition, tenderness, and lipid shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulimo Uushona
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa; Department of Animal Production, Agribusiness and Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Namibia, Private Bag 13188, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Obert C Chikwanha
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Chenaimoyo L F Katiyatiya
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Phillip E Strydom
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Cletos Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
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12
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Prapaiwong T, Srakaew W, Poolthajit S, Wachirapakorn C, Jarassaeng C. Effects of Chestnut Hydrolysable Tannin on Intake, Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, Milk Production and Somatic Cell Count in Crossbred Dairy Cows. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10040269. [PMID: 37104424 PMCID: PMC10140988 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10040269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of chestnut hydrolysable tannin (CHT) on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, milk yield and somatic cell count in crossbred dairy cows (>75% Holstein Friesian). Four crossbred dairy cows (467.6 ± 35.2 kg BW) were assigned to be supplemented with one of four levels of CHT according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Dietary treatments included the control (without CHT supplementation) and CHT treatments that consisted of supplementation with 3.15, 6.30 and 9.45 g CHT/day. Rice straw was given ad libitum. The results showed that increasing levels of CHT tended to quadratically decrease rice straw intake (p = 0.06). However, total dry matter intake (DMI) and other nutrients were not different (p > 0.05) among the dietary treatments. The apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) in cows with CHT treatments were higher (p < 0.05) than those of control cows. Milk yield and milk composition were not different (p > 0.05) among treatments. Lactose yield tended to increase linearly (p = 0.09) as CHT supplementation increased. Ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) were not different (p > 0.05), but total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) increased linearly (p < 0.05) as CHT levels increased. The somatic cell count (SCC) and somatic cell score (SCS) in the CHT treatments were different (p < 0.01) than those in the control treatment. In conclusion, it appears that CHT supplementation improved feed utilization and influenced SCC in crossbred dairy cows. Long-term research is needed to confirm the benefit of CHT supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tipwadee Prapaiwong
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wuttikorn Srakaew
- Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna Nan, Nan 55000, Thailand
| | - Sukanya Poolthajit
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chalong Wachirapakorn
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat Jarassaeng
- Division of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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13
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Oliveira LN, Pereira MAN, Oliveira CDS, Oliveira CC, Silva RB, Pereira RAN, DeVries TJ, Pereira MN. Effect of low dietary concentrations of Acacia mearnsii tannin extract on chewing, ruminal fermentation, digestibility, nitrogen partition, and performance of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3203-3216. [PMID: 37028971 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The supplementation of dairy cows with tannins can reduce the ruminal degradation of dietary protein and urine N excretion, but high concentration in the diet can impair ruminal function, diet digestibility, feed intake, and milk yield. This study evaluated the effect of low concentrations (0, 0.14, 0.29, or 0.43% of diet in DM basis) of a tannin extract from the bark of Acacia mearnsii (TA) on milking performance, dry matter intake (DMI), digestibility, chewing behavior, ruminal fermentation, and N partition of dairy cows. Twenty Holstein cows (34.7 ± 4.8 kg/d, 590 ± 89 kg, and 78 ± 33 d in lactation) were individually fed a sequence of 4 treatments in 5, 4 × 4 Latin squares (with 21-d treatment periods, each with a 14-d adaptation period). The TA replaced citrus pulp in the total mixed ration and other feed ingredients were kept constant. Diets had 17.1% crude protein, mostly from soybean meal and alfalfa haylage. The TA had no detected effect on DMI (22.1 kg/d), milk yield (33.5 kg/d), and milk components. The proportions in milk fat of mixed origin fatty acids (16C and 17C) and the daily secretion of unsaturated fatty acids were linearly reduced and the proportion of de novo fatty acids was increased by TA. Cows fed TA had linear increase in the molar proportion of butyrate and linear reduction in propionate in ruminal fluid, whereas acetate did not differ. There was a tendency for the ratio of acetate to propionate to be linearly increased by TA. Cows fed TA had a linear reduction in the relative ruminal microbial yield, estimated by the concentrations of allantoin and creatinine in urine and body weight. The total-tract apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, starch, and crude protein also did not differ. The TA induced a linear increase in meal size and duration of the first daily meal and reduced meal frequency. Rumination behavior did not differ with treatment. Cows fed 0.43% TA selected against feed particles >19 mm in the morning. There were tendencies for linear decreases in milk urea N (16.1-17.3 mg/dL), urine N (153-168 g/d and 25.5-28.7% of N intake), and plasma urea N at 6, 18, and 21 h postmorning feeding, and plasma urea N 12 h postfeeding was reduced by TA. The proportion of N intake in milk (27.1%) and feces (21.4%) did not differ with treatment. Reductions in urine N excretion and milk and plasma urea N suggest that TA reduced ruminal AA deamination, whereas lactation performance did not differ. Overall, TA up to 0.43% of DM did not affect DMI and lactation performance, while there was a tendency to reduce urine N excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liniker N Oliveira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | | | - Cecília D S Oliveira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Cássia C Oliveira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Rayana B Silva
- Better Nature Research Center, Lavras, MG 37203-016, Brazil
| | - Renata A N Pereira
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Lavras, MG 37200-970, Brazil
| | - Trevor J DeVries
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Marcos N Pereira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil.
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14
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Formato M, Vastolo A, Piccolella S, Calabrò S, Cutrignelli MI, Zidorn C, Pacifico S. Castanea sativa Mill. Leaf: UHPLC-HR MS/MS Analysis and Effects on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methanogenesis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248662. [PMID: 36557796 PMCID: PMC9785889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Castanea sativa Mill. (Fagaceae) is a deciduous tree grown for its wood and edible fruits. Chestnut processing produces residues (burs, shells, and leaves) exploitable for their diversity in bioactive compounds in animal nutrition. In fact, plant-specialized metabolites likely act as rumen modifiers. Thus, the recovery of residual plant parts as feed ingredients is an evaluable strategy. In this context, European chestnut leaves from northern Germany have been investigated, proving to be a good source of flavonoids as well as gallo- and ellagitannins. To this purpose, an alcoholic extract was obtained and an untargeted profiling carried out, mainly by means of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HR MS/MS) techniques. To better unravel the polyphenol constituents, fractionation strategies were employed to obtain a lipophilic fraction and a polar one. This latter was highly responsive to total phenolic and flavonoid content analyses, as well as to antiradical (DPPH● and ABTS+●) and reducing activity (PFRAP) assays. The effect of the alcoholic extract and its fractions on rumen liquor was also evaluated in vitro in terms of fermentative parameter changes and impact on methanogenesis. The data acquired confirm that chestnut leaf extract and the fractions therefrom promote an increase in total volatile fatty acids, while decreasing acetate/propionate ratio and CH4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Formato
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vastolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Piccolella
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Serena Calabrò
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Monica Isabella Cutrignelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Christian Zidorn
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Biologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Correspondence:
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15
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Dietary application of dried citrus pulp, with or without soybean oil, in lactating Holstein cow diet: Effects on feed intake, digestibility, performance, a milk fatty acid profile and total phenolics. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Phesatcha B, Phesatcha K, Wanapat M. Mitragyna speciosa Korth Leaf Pellet Supplementation on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Protozoal Population in Thai Native Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3238. [PMID: 36496759 PMCID: PMC9737993 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment evaluated the use of Mitragyna speciosa Korth leaf pellets (MSLP) on feed intake and nutrient digestibility in Thai native beef cattle. Four Thai native beef cattle steers were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design to receive four dietary treatments. The treatments were as follows: control (no supplementation), MSLP supplement at 10 g/hd/d, MSLP supplement at 20 g/hd/d and MSLP supplement at 30 g/hd/d, respectively. All animals were fed a concentrate mixture at 0.5% body weight, while urea lime-treated rice straws were fed ad libitum. Findings revealed that feed intakes were increased by MSLP, which also significantly increased the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Ruminal total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration and propionate (C3) proportion were increased (p < 0.05) with MSLP supplementation, whereas ruminal ammonia-N (NH3-N), plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), acetate (C2), C2:C3 ratio and estimated methane (CH4) production decreased (p < 0.05). Total bacterial, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococus flavefaciens populations increased (p < 0.05) at high levels of MSLP supplementation, while protozoal populations and methanogenic archaea reduced (p < 0.05). Supplementation of MSLP also increased the efficiency of microbial nitrogen protein synthesis. Supplementing beef cattle with MSLP 10−30 g/hd/d significantly increased rumen fermentation end products and nutrient digestibility by mitigating protozoal populations and estimated CH4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burarat Phesatcha
- Department of Agricultural Technology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Kampanat Phesatcha
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Nakhon Phanom University, Nakhon Phanom 48000, Thailand
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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17
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Pozo CA, Kozloski GV, Cuffia M, Repetto JL, Cajarville C. Changing the grazing session from morning to afternoon or including tannins in the diet was effective in decreasing the urinary nitrogen of dairy cows fed a total mixed ration and herbage. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:4987-5003. [PMID: 35450709 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate whether increasing soluble carbohydrates in the herbage by changing the time of the grazing session or including Acacia mearnsii tannin in the diet would affect intake, digestion, N partitioning, and productive performance of dairy cows fed a diet combining ryegrass herbage with partial total mixed ration (PMR). We hypothesized that both strategies could reduce the concentration of NH3-N in the rumen, reducing urinary N excretion. Nine Holstein cows were used in a triplicate 3 × 3 Latin square experiment with 3 experimental periods of 22 d. The cows were fed a fixed amount of PMR [60% of the predicted individual dry matter intake (DMI)], and an unrestricted amount of herbage in 1 grazing session of 5 h/d. The treatments were (1) morning grazing session and afternoon PMR meal (AM); (2) morning PMR meal and afternoon grazing session (PM); and (3) morning grazing session and afternoon PMR meal supplemented with 15.0 g of tannins/kg of PMR dry matter (TAN). Milk production was not affected by treatments. Although the protein concentration was lower for TAN than for PM, no differences were detected for the yield of any component between treatments. The concentration of individual or grouped fatty acids in milk fat was not affected by treatments, except for 16:1 cis-9 and Δ9-desaturase ratios 14:1/14:0 and 16:1/16:0, which were lower for TAN. Treatments did not affect total DMI, but PM tended to increase herbage DMI and reduce dry matter and crude protein digestibilities. Treatments did not affect cow eating and ruminating behavior except for the proportion of time spent eating PMR, which was higher for PM and TAN. Although no relevant effects of treatments on ruminal fermentation, purine derivatives excretion in urine, or N excretion in milk were detected, both PM and TAN decreased the total N excreted in urine by an average of 8% compared with AM. In conclusion, changing the grazing session from the morning to the afternoon and including tannins in the diet were effective in decreasing the excretion of urinary N but did not change the productive performance of dairy cows fed PMR and ryegrass herbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio A Pozo
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Gilberto V Kozloski
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Maira Cuffia
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Esperanza, 3080, Argentina
| | - José L Repetto
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Salud de Sistemas Productivos (IPAV), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, San José, 80100, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Cajarville
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Salud de Sistemas Productivos (IPAV), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, San José, 80100, Uruguay.
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18
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Tata A, Massaro A, Riuzzi G, Lanza I, Bragolusi M, Negro A, Novelli E, Piro R, Gottardo F, Segato S. Ambient mass spectrometry for rapid authentication of milk from Alpine or lowland forage. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7360. [PMID: 35513691 PMCID: PMC9072378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics approaches, such as direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS), allow characterising many polar and non-polar compounds useful as authentication biomarkers of dairy chains. By using both a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and a linear discriminant analysis (LDA), this study aimed to assess the capability of DART-HRMS, coupled with a low-level data fusion, discriminate among milk samples from lowland (silages vs. hay) and Alpine (grazing; APS) systems and identify the most informative biomarkers associated with the main dietary forage. As confirmed also by the LDA performed against the test set, DART-HRMS analysis provided an accurate discrimination of Alpine samples; meanwhile, there was a limited capacity to correctly recognise silage- vs. hay-milks. Supervised multivariate statistics followed by metabolomics hierarchical cluster analysis allowed extrapolating the most significant metabolites. Lowland milk was characterised by a pool of energetic compounds, ketoacid derivates, amines and organic acids. Seven informative DART-HRMS molecular features, mainly monoacylglycerols, could strongly explain the metabolomic variation of Alpine grazing milk and contributed to its classification. The misclassification between the two lowland groups confirmed that the intensive dairy systems would be characterised by a small variation in milk composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Tata
- Experimental Chemistry Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Massaro
- Experimental Chemistry Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Giorgia Riuzzi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Ilaria Lanza
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Marco Bragolusi
- Experimental Chemistry Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Negro
- Experimental Chemistry Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Enrico Novelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Roberto Piro
- Experimental Chemistry Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Flaviana Gottardo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Severino Segato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
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Menci R, Martin B, Werne S, Bord C, Ferlay A, Lèbre A, Leiber F, Klaiss M, Coppa M, Heckendorn F. Supplementing goats’ diet with sainfoin pellets (versus alfalfa) modifies cheese sensory properties and fatty acid profile. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Majewska MP, Miltko R, Bełżecki G, Kędzierska A, Kowalik B. Comparison of the Effect of Synthetic (Tannic Acid) or Natural (Oak Bark Extract) Hydrolysable Tannins Addition on Fatty Acid Profile in the Rumen of Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060699. [PMID: 35327095 PMCID: PMC8944490 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare two sources of tannins on fatty acids (FA) composition in rumen. Treatments were (g tannins/kg diet as-feed-basis) as follows: (1) no supplemental tannin addition (CON), (2) addition of 13 g of oak bark extract (OAK), and (3) 4 g of tannic acid (TAN). The basal diet contained 55:45 forage to concentrate ratio. Net consumption of tannins (g/d) was 4 g for both tannins sources. The study was performed on three Polish Mountain ewes fitted with rumen cannulas, and was divided into three experimental periods (I, II, and III). Both sampling time and animal diet had a significant effect on FA profile in the rumen fluid. In general, FA concentrations were higher before feeding in comparison to samples collected 2 and 4 h after feeding. In terms of dietary effect, it was shown that TAN addition had a greater influence on FA profile in the ruminal fluid than the OAK diet. Briefly, in the TAN group significantly increased concentrations of C18:2 c9c12 (linoleic acid, LA) 8 h after feeding (vs. control, CON and OAK), C18:3 c9c12c15 (α-linolenic acid, LNA) 4 h after feeding (vs. OAK), C20:3 n-6 before feeding (vs. CON), C20:4 before feeding (vs. CON and OAK) and 8 h after feeding (vs. OAK) were recorded. In contrast, OAK addition significantly reduced C20:3 n-6 concentration 2 h after feeding (vs. CON). In conclusion, increased concentrations of both LA and LNA in the rumen indicated that supplemental tannic acid may inhibit the initial stage of FA biohydrogenation in the rumen.
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Tilahun M, Zhao L, Sun L, Shen Y, Ma L, Callaway TR, Xu J, Bu D. Fresh Phyllanthus emblica (Amla) Fruit Supplementation Enhances Milk Fatty Acid Profiles and the Antioxidant Capacities of Milk and Blood in Dairy Cows. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030485. [PMID: 35326136 PMCID: PMC8944803 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a diet supplemented with fresh amla fruit as a natural feed additive on blood metabolic parameters, milk antioxidant capacity, and milk fatty acid (FA) proportions in lactating dairy cows. Eight ruminally cannulated mid-lactation dairy cows were used in a repeated crossover design. The first group of four cows received total mixed ration (TMR) feed without fresh amla fruit (control group). The remaining four cows sequentially supplemented fresh amla fruit (FAF) at three levels (200, 400, then 600 g/d) (treatment group) at 14-day intervals. In second period, control and treatment groups were exchanged. The first ten days were adjusted to diet adaptation for each sub-period, and the last four days for sampling milk and blood. A total of 514 metabolites were detected from FAF using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The five main metabolites in FAF were phenolic acids (22%), flavonoids (20%), lipids (20%), amino acids and derivatives (9%), and tannins (7%). Amla fruit supplementation reduced total saturated fatty acid and the omega-6/omega-3 ratio at 200 or 400 g/d FAF dose compared to controls. In addition, amla fruit increased unsaturated FA, such as C20:5 (Eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) and C22:6 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), and branched-chain FA in a dose-dependent manner at 200 or 400 g/d compared to controls. In addition, amla fruit increased the antioxidant capacity biomarkers in the blood, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and albumin; this confirms that amla fruit is an excellent antioxidant, inhibiting reactive oxygen species’ (ROS) metabolism, and can thereby protect cells from oxidative stress. Moreover, the most remarkable improvement of ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in milk was recorded at 400 g/d FAF doses compared to controls. Therefore, fresh amla fruit doses for lactating cows at 400 g/d on an as-fed basis can be used as an alternative additive feed in dairy cow diets to improve antioxidant capacity, protein efficiency, butter quality, and to produce more desirable milk fatty acid profiles for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekonnen Tilahun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.T.); (L.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.S.); (L.M.); (J.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Liansheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.T.); (L.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.S.); (L.M.); (J.X.)
| | - Lingling Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.T.); (L.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.S.); (L.M.); (J.X.)
| | - Yifan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.T.); (L.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.S.); (L.M.); (J.X.)
| | - Lu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.T.); (L.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.S.); (L.M.); (J.X.)
| | - Todd R. Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2771, USA;
| | - Jianchu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.T.); (L.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.S.); (L.M.); (J.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- World Agroforestry Centre East and Central Asia, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Dengpan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.T.); (L.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.S.); (L.M.); (J.X.)
- Joint Laboratory on Integrated Crop-Tree-Livestock Systems of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) and World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6289-0458
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22
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Fennel and Ginger Improved Nutrient Digestibility and Milk Yield and Quality in Early Lactating Egyptian Buffaloes. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The supplementation with herbal and medicinal plants to animals showed positive effects on feed digestion, performance and animal’s health. Fifteen multiparous Egyptian buffaloes (537 ± 18.1 kg body weight), 7 days after parturition, were randomly assigned to 3 treatments in a quintupled 3 × 3 Latin square design in a 63-day experiment. Each experimental period lasted 21 days (15 days of adaptation + 7 days for measurements and samples collection). Buffaloes were assigned according to their previous milk production, weight and parity to study the effect of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) or ginger (Zingiber officinale) supplementation on feed utilization and lactational performance. Buffaloes were fed a basal diet of concentrates, berseem clover and rice straw in a ratio of 60:30:10 dry matter (DM) basis. The first group was fed the basal diet with no additive as the control treatment, while other buffaloes were fed on the basal diet supplemented with 75 g fennel or ginger/buffalo daily. Additives supplementation did not affect feed intake; however, fennel followed by ginger improved (P<0.05) dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber digestibilities compared to the control. Without affecting blood chemistry, fennel and ginger supplementation improved (P<0.05) production of milk and energy corrected milk, fat concentration and milk energy content and output. Fennel followed by ginger decreased the somatic cell count (P=0.035) compared with the control. Fennel and ginger improved feed efficiency (P<0.05) compared with the control. Fennel increased the proportion of milk trans-10, cis-12 C18:2 (P=0.028), total conjugated linoleic acid without affecting other fatty acids. It is concluded that fennel or ginger at 75 g/buffalo/d improved nutrient digestibility and milk production of lactating buffaloes. Fennel improved milk nutritive value more than ginger.
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Uushona T, Chikwanha O, Katiyatiya C, Tayengwa T, Strydom P, Mapiye C. Ruminant meat production and quality enhancement, nematode suppression and greenhouse gas emission mitigation: A sustainable paradigm for valorisation of Acacia leaves. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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24
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Tilahun M, Zhao L, Guo Z, Shen Y, Ma L, Callaway TR, Xu J, Bu D. Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) fresh fruit as new feed source to enhance ruminal fermentation and milk production in lactating dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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25
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Fitri A, Yanza YR, Jayanegara A, Ridwan R, Astuti WD, Sarwono KA, Fidriyanto R, Rohmatussolihat R, Widyastuti Y, Obitsu T. Divergence effects between dietary Acacia and Quebracho tannin extracts on nutrient utilization, performance, and methane emission of ruminants: A meta-analysis. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13765. [PMID: 36065082 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracts of Acacia and Quebracho have been used as a feed additive in ruminant diets; the effects, however, have been varied. This study used a meta-analysis approach to evaluate the use of those extracts on nutrient utilization, performance, and methane production of ruminants. A database was developed from 37 published papers comprising 152 dietary treatments. The result showed that a higher concentration of tannins was associated with a decrease (p < 0.05) in nutrient intake and digestibility. An increasing tannin concentration was negatively correlated with ammonia, acetic acid, and the ratio of acetic to propionic acid. Methane production decreased (p < 0.01) with the increasing tannin concentration. Nitrogen (N) balance parameters were not affected by the tannin concentrations, but fecal N excretion increased (p < 0.01) as the tannin concentration increased. The relationships between the Acacia and Quebracho and the changes in organic matter intake, milk fat concentration, butyric acid, valeric acid, and methane production were significantly different. In conclusion, it is possible to use both condensed tannins (CT) extracts as a methane emission mitigation without impairing the ruminant performance. Furthermore, the Quebracho showed more pronounced to decrease ruminal protein degradation and lower methane emission than the Acacia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainissya Fitri
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia.,Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Yulianri Rizki Yanza
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Department of Biology Education, Universitas Islam Riau (UIR), Pekanbaru, Indonesia.,Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Roni Ridwan
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia.,Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Wulansih Dwi Astuti
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia.,Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ki Ageng Sarwono
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia.,Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Rusli Fidriyanto
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia.,Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling (AFENUE) Research Group, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Rohmatussolihat Rohmatussolihat
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Yantyati Widyastuti
- Research Center for Applied Zoology, Research Organization for Life Science and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Taketo Obitsu
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
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Cardoso-Gutierrez E, Aranda-Aguirre E, Robles-Jimenez LE, Castelán-Ortega OA, Chay-Canul AJ, Foggi G, Angeles-Hernandez JC, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, González-Ronquillo M. Effect of tannins from tropical plants on methane production from ruminants: A systematic review. Vet Anim Sci 2021; 14:100214. [PMID: 34841126 PMCID: PMC8606516 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A negative relationship was observed between the level of tannin inclusion and CH4 emission. The effect of CH4 mitigation is increasing as the level of tannin inclusion is higher. Sub-group analysis revealed differences of tannins supplementation response according to CH4 emission measurements techniques.
Methane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas generated during the feed fermentation processes in the rumen. However, numerous studies have been conducted to determine the capacity of plant secondary metabolites to enhance ruminal fermentation and decrease CH4 production, especially those plants rich in tannins. This review conducted a descriptive analysis and meta-analysis of the use of tannin-rich plants in tropical regions to mitigate CH4 production from livestock. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of tannins supplementation in tropical plants on CH4 production in ruminants using a meta-analytic approach and the effect on microbial population. Sources of heterogeneity were explored using a meta-regression analysis. Final database was integrated by a total of 14 trials. The ‘meta’ package in R statistical software was used to conduct the meta-analyses. The covariates defined a priori in the current meta-regression were inclusion level, species (sheep, beef cattle, dairy cattle, and cross-bred heifers) and plant. Results showed that supplementation with tropical plants with tannin contents have the greatest effects on CH4 mitigation . A negative relationship was observed between the level of inclusion and CH4 emission (−0.09), which means that the effect of CH4 mitigation is increasing as the level of tannin inclusion is higher. Therefore, less CH4 production will be obtained when supplementing tropical plants in the diet with a high dose of tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cardoso-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100 Ote. Toluca, Estado de México, 50000, Mexico
| | - E Aranda-Aguirre
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100 Ote. Toluca, Estado de México, 50000, Mexico
| | - L E Robles-Jimenez
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100 Ote. Toluca, Estado de México, 50000, Mexico
| | - O A Castelán-Ortega
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100 Ote. Toluca, Estado de México, 50000, Mexico
| | - A J Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, km 25, R/A, la Huasteca 2ª Sección, CP 86280, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - G Foggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - J C Angeles-Hernandez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km. 1, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo México, 43600 Mexico
| | - E Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - M González-Ronquillo
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100 Ote. Toluca, Estado de México, 50000, Mexico
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27
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The Utilisation of Tannin Extract as a Dietary Additive in Ruminant Nutrition: A Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113317. [PMID: 34828048 PMCID: PMC8614537 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tannin has been extensively assessed for its potential and utilisation as a ruminant feed additive in recent years and is becoming important due to its beneficial effects on modulating ruminant performance and health and mitigating methane emissions. However, evidence concerning the effect of tannin in extracted forms on ruminants appears to be inconclusive on whether it can genuinely provide either beneficial or detrimental effects for ruminants. Moreover, the effects of various sources, types of tannin extract, or appropriate levels of supplementation on ruminants remain unclear. Therefore, there is a need for a systematic evaluation concerning the effects of tannin extract on rumen fermentation, digestibility, performance, methane emissions, and metabolism of ruminants. Abstract The objective of this meta-analysis was to elucidate whether there are general underlying effects of dietary tannin extract supplementation on rumen fermentation, digestibility, methane production, performance, as well as N utilisation in ruminants. A total of 70 papers comprised of 348 dietary treatments (from both in vivo and in situ studies) were included in the study. The database was then statistically analysed by the mixed model methodology, in which different experiments were considered as random effects and tannin-related factors were treated as fixed effects. The results revealed that an increased level of tannin extract inclusion in the diet lowered ruminant intake, digestibility, and production performance. Furthermore, the evidence also showed that an increased level of tannin extract decreased animal N utilisation where most of rumen by-pass protein was not absorbed well in the small intestine and directly excreted in the faeces. Due to the type of tannin extract, HT is more favourable to maintain nutrient intake, digestibility, and production performance and to mitigate methane production instead of CT, particularly when supplemented at low (<1%) to moderate (~3%) levels.
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Banakar PS, Kumar S, Vinay VV, Dixit S, Tyagi N, Tyagi AK. Supplementation of Aloe vera extract in lactating goats' diet: effects on rumen fermentation efficiency, nutrient utilization, lactation performance, and antioxidant status. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:517. [PMID: 34657226 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02894-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present work was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing Aloe vera extract on rumen fermentation efficiency, nutrient utilization, lactation performance, and antioxidant status of goats. Twenty-four crossbreed lactating goats (Alpine × Beetal) were divided into three experimental groups (AV0, AV2, and AV4). AV0 had no supplementation, groups AV2 and AV4 received ready to feed aqueous extract of Aloe vera at 20 and 40 g/kg dry matter intake, respectively, along with basal diet and experiment lasted for 100 days. Average DMI did not vary (P > 0.05) among treatment groups; however, the metabolic bodyweight of AV4 was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the AV0 and AV2 groups (AV0 = AV2 > AV4). Intake and digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and EE were unaffected (P > 0.05) by Aloe vera supplementation. The milk production, yield of milk fat, protein, lactose, and solid not fat (SNF) of goats in the AV4 group were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than other groups (AV4 > AV2 = AV0). The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes and levels of plasma ferric reducing total antioxidant power were high (P < 0.01) in the Aloe vera supplemented group (AV4 = AV2 > AV0). There was no significant difference (P = 0.979) in the pH, acetic acid (P = 0.449), and butyric acid (P = 0.864) concentration of the rumen liquor among the treatment groups. The propionic acid concentration was similar between AV2 and AV4 and significantly higher (P = 0.024) than the AV0 group (AV4 = AV2 > AV0). Moreover, C2:C3 values were significantly lower (P = 0.037) in the AV4 group compared to the control (AV0). Thus, Aloe vera supplementation enhanced milk yield, propionic acid production, and antioxidant status without affecting nutrient utilization; however, results were better in the AV4 group. The inclusion of Aloe vera at 40 g/kg of DMI would improve the rumen fermentation efficiency, lactation performance, and overall health status of the dairy goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Banakar
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - V V Vinay
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Sonam Dixit
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Nitin Tyagi
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Amrish Kumar Tyagi
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India. .,Present Address: Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India.
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Fatty acid metabolism in lambs supplemented with different condensed and hydrolysable tannin extracts. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258265. [PMID: 34614022 PMCID: PMC8494350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Five groups of lambs (n = 9 each) were used to test the effect of plant extracts rich in hydrolysable (HT) or condensed tannin (CT) on animal performance, fatty acid composition of rumen content, liver and meat. The control group (CO) received a concentrate-based diet without tannins supplementation. The other groups received the same diet as the control lambs plus 4% chestnut (CH) and tara (TA) extracts as a source of HT and mimosa (MI) and gambier (GA) extracts as a source of CT. One-way ANOVA was used to assess the overall effect of dietary treatments, tannins supplementation (CO vs. CH+TA+MI+GA) and the effect of tannin type (HT vs. CT: CH+TA vs. MI+GA) on animal performance, rumen content, liver and intramuscular FA. Dietary CH negatively affected animal performance. The rumen content of the different groups showed similar levels of 18:3 c9c12c15, 18:2 c9c12, 18:2 c9t11, 18:1 t11 and 18:0, whereas 18:1 t10 was greater in CO. Also, 18:1 t10 tended to be lower in the rumen of HT than CT-fed lambs. These data were partially confirmed in liver and meat, where CO showed a greater percentage of individual trans 18:1 fatty acids in comparison with tannins-fed groups. Our findings challenge some accepted generalizations on the use of tannins in ruminant diets as they were ineffective to favour the accumulation of dietary PUFA or healthy fatty acids of biohydrogenation origin in the rumen content and lamb meat, but suggest a generalized influence on BH rather than on specific steps.
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30
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Effect of dietary tannin supplementation on cow milk quality in two different grazing seasons. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19654. [PMID: 34608216 PMCID: PMC8490380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive farming systems are characterized by seasons with different diet quality along the year, as pasture availability is strictly depending on climatic conditions. A number of problems for cattle may occur in each season. Tannins are natural polyphenolic compounds that can be integrated in cows’ diet to overcome these seasonal problems, but little is known about their effect on milk quality according to the season. This study was designed to assess the effects of 150 g/head × day of tannin extract supplementation on proximate composition, urea, colour, cheesemaking aptitude, antioxidant capacity, and fatty acid (FA) profile of cow milk, measured during the wet season (WS) and the dry season (DS) of Mediterranean climate. In WS, dietary tannins had marginal effect on milk quality. Conversely, in DS, the milk from cows eating tannins showed 10% lower urea and slight improvement in antioxidant capacity, measured with FRAP and TEAC assays. Also, tannin extract supplementation in DS reduced branched-chain FA concentration, C18:1 t10 to C18:1 t11 ratio and rumenic to linoleic acid ratio. Tannins effect on rumen metabolism was enhanced in the season in which green herbage was not available, probably because of the low protein content, and high acid detergent fibre and lignin contents in diet. Thus, the integration of tannin in the diet should be adapted to the season. This could have practical implications for a more conscious use of tannin-rich extracts, and other tannin sources such as agro-industrial by-products and forages.
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Wanapat M, Viennasay B, Matra M, Totakul P, Phesatcha B, Ampapon T, Wanapat S. Supplementation of fruit peel pellet containing phytonutrients to manipulate rumen pH, fermentation efficiency, nutrient digestibility and microbial protein synthesis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:4543-4550. [PMID: 33452814 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytonutrient pellet, a new rumen enhancer, was formulated from various tropical fruit peels containing phytonutrients (condensed tannins and saponins) and named MARABAC. To substantiate the MARABAC supplementation effect, it was supplemented with low and high levels of concentrate supplementation in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement using beef cattle. Based on this investigation, interesting findings were highlighted and are reported herein. RESULTS The high level of concentrate supplementation (HCS) reduced rumen pH remarkably, but was buffered and enhanced by MARABAC supplementation. Rumen pH was reduced to 5.74 at 8 h, post feeding upon receiving HCS, and was buffered back to 6.19 with MARABAC supplementation. The supplementation exhibited an additional pronounced (P < 0.01) effect on improving nutrient digestibility and efficiency of microbial nitrogen supply, mitigating rumen methane production and reducing protozoal population. Rumen and fermentation end-products, especially propionate production, were enhanced (P < 0.05), while rumen methane production was subsequently mitigated (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION MARABAC is a new promising dietary rumen enhancer for future replacement of chemicals and antibiotics used to enhance the rumen fermentation. Nevertheless, more in vivo feeding trials should be further conducted to elucidate the insight impacts. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Bounnaxay Viennasay
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Maharach Matra
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pajaree Totakul
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Burarat Phesatcha
- Department of Agricultural Technology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Thiwakorn Ampapon
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Surin Campus, Surin, Thailand
| | - Sadudee Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Menci R, Coppa M, Torrent A, Natalello A, Valenti B, Luciano G, Priolo A, Niderkorn V. Effects of two tannin extracts at different doses in interaction with a green or dry forage substrate on in vitro rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Cappucci A, Mantino A, Buccioni A, Casarosa L, Conte G, Serra A, Mannelli F, Luciano G, Foggi G, Mele M. Diets supplemented with condensed and hydrolysable tannins affected rumen fatty acid profile and plasmalogen lipids, ammonia and methane production in an in vitro study. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1915189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cappucci
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-ambientali “E. Avanzi”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Arianna Buccioni
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca e la Valorizzazione degli Alimenti, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Laura Casarosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Serra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Mannelli
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca e la Valorizzazione degli Alimenti, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Luciano
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Foggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcello Mele
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-ambientali “E. Avanzi”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Menci R, Natalello A, Luciano G, Priolo A, Valenti B, Difalco A, Rapisarda T, Caccamo M, Constant I, Niderkorn V, Coppa M. Cheese quality from cows given a tannin extract in 2 different grazing seasons. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:9543-9555. [PMID: 34127270 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of dietary tannins on cow cheese quality in 2 different grazing seasons in the Mediterranean. Two experiments were performed on 14 dairy cows reared in an extensive system. The first experiment took place in the wet season (WS), and the second experiment took place in the dry season (DS). In the WS and DS experiments, cows freely grazed green pasture or dry stubbles, respectively, and the diet was supplemented with pelleted concentrate and hay. In both experiments, the cows were divided into 2 balanced groups: a control group and a group (TAN) receiving 150 g of tannin extract/head per day. After 23 d of dietary treatment, individual milk was collected, processed into individual cheeses, and aged 25 d. Milk was analyzed for chemical composition, color parameters, and cheesemaking aptitude (laboratory cheese yield and milk coagulation properties). Cheese was analyzed for chemical composition, proteolysis, color parameters, rheological parameters, fatty acid profile, and odor-active volatile compounds. Data from the WS and DS experiments were statistically analyzed separately with an analysis of covariance model. In the WS experiment, dietary tannin supplementation had no effect on milk and cheese parameters except for a reduced concentration of 2-heptanone in cheese. In the DS experiment, TAN milk showed lower urea N, and TAN cheese had lower C18:1 trans-10 concentration and n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio compared with the control group. These differences are likely due to the effect of tannins on rumen N metabolism and fatty acid biohydrogenation. Dietary tannins may differently affect the quality of cheese from Mediterranean grazing cows according to the grazing season. Indeed, tannin bioactivity on rumen metabolism seems to be enhanced during the dry season, when diet is low in protein and rich in acid detergent fiber and lignin. The supplementation dose used in this study (1% of estimated dry matter intake) had no detrimental effects on cheese yield or cheesemaking parameters. Also, it is unlikely that sensorial characteristics would be affected by this kind of dietary tannin supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Menci
- Department Di3A, University of Catania, via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - A Natalello
- Department Di3A, University of Catania, via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - G Luciano
- Department Di3A, University of Catania, via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - A Priolo
- Department Di3A, University of Catania, via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - B Valenti
- Department DSA3, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Difalco
- Consorzio per la Ricerca nel settore della Filiera Lattiero-Casearia e dell'agroalimentare (CoRFiLaC), Regione Siciliana, 97100 Ragusa, Italy
| | - T Rapisarda
- Consorzio per la Ricerca nel settore della Filiera Lattiero-Casearia e dell'agroalimentare (CoRFiLaC), Regione Siciliana, 97100 Ragusa, Italy
| | - M Caccamo
- Consorzio per la Ricerca nel settore della Filiera Lattiero-Casearia e dell'agroalimentare (CoRFiLaC), Regione Siciliana, 97100 Ragusa, Italy
| | - I Constant
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, Vetagro Sup, UMRH, 63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - V Niderkorn
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, Vetagro Sup, UMRH, 63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - M Coppa
- Independent researcher at INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, Vetagro Sup, UMRH, 63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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Hassan F, Tang Z, Ebeid HM, Li M, Peng K, Liang X, Yang C. Consequences of herbal mixture supplementation on milk performance, ruminal fermentation, and bacterial diversity in water buffaloes. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11241. [PMID: 34040891 PMCID: PMC8127954 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the potential of a herbal mixture (HM) to improve production performance, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid profile in water buffaloes. Sixteen Murrah buffaloes (in four groups) were fed for 10 weeks with the same basal diet supplemented with 0 (control); 20 (HM20), 30 (HM30), and 40 (HM40) g/buffalo per day. The herbal mixture contained an equal quantity of black pepper (fruit), ginger (tubers), cinnamon (bark), peppermint (leaves), ajwain (seeds) and garlic (bulbs). After two weeks of adaptation, daily milk yield, and weekly milk composition were recorded. On the last day of the experiment, rumen contents were collected to determine rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial diversity through 16S rRNA sequencing. Results revealed no effect of treatment on dry matter intake (DMI), rumen fermentation parameters, and daily milk yield. However, milk fat (%) showed a tendency to increase (p = 0.07) in HM20 as compared with the control group. A significant increase in mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids (C14:1, C16:1, C18:2n6 and C18:3) whereas a decrease in saturated fatty acids (C18:0) in milk was observed in HM20 as compared with the control group. No significant change in bacterial diversity parameters (alpha and beta diversity) was observed in response to the treatment. Despite the substantial variation observed in the relative abundance of bacteria among treatment groups, no significant effect of treatment was observed when compared with the control group. Correlation analysis revealed several positive and negative correlations of rumen bacteria with rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) and milk yield traits. Bacterial genera including Succinivibrionaceae, Butyrivibrio, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Lachnospiraceae showed a positive correlation with VFA and milk yield traits. Overall, we observed 52 positive and 10 negative correlations of rumen bacteria with milk fatty acid contents. Our study revealed the potential of the herbal mixture at a lower supplemental level (20 g/day) to increase milk fat (%) and unsaturated fatty acid content in buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizul Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Gunagxi, China.,Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Univeresity of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zhenhua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Gunagxi, China
| | - Hossam M Ebeid
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Gunagxi, China
| | - Kaiping Peng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Gunagxi, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Gunagxi, China
| | - Chengjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Gunagxi, China
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Bonelli F, Turini L, Paganelli A, Conte G, Meucci V, Sgorbini M, Buccioni A, Mele M. Evaluation of oral administration of chestnut tannins in preventing calf diarrhoea. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1906166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bonelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali “E. Avanzi”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Turini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali “E. Avanzi”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana ‘M. Aleandri’, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora Paganelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali “E. Avanzi”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Meucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Micaela Sgorbini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali “E. Avanzi”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Arianna Buccioni
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Marcello Mele
- Centro di Ricerche Agro-Ambientali “E. Avanzi”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Martins Flores DR, Patrícia da Fonseca AF, Schmitt J, José Tonetto C, Rosado Junior AG, Hammerschmitt RK, Facco DB, Brunetto G, Nörnberg JL. Lambs fed with increasing levels of grape pomace silage: Effects on meat quality. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Buffa G, Mangia NP, Cesarani A, Licastro D, Sorbolini S, Pulina G, Nudda A. Agroindustrial by-products from tomato, grape and myrtle given at low dosage to lactating dairy ewes: effects on rumen parameters and microbiota. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1848465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Buffa
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - N. P. Mangia
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A. Cesarani
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - D. Licastro
- ARGO Open Lab Platform for Genome sequencing, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy
| | - S. Sorbolini
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - G. Pulina
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A. Nudda
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Hassan FU, Arshad MA, Ebeid HM, Rehman MSU, Khan MS, Shahid S, Yang C. Phytogenic Additives Can Modulate Rumen Microbiome to Mediate Fermentation Kinetics and Methanogenesis Through Exploiting Diet-Microbe Interaction. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:575801. [PMID: 33263013 PMCID: PMC7688522 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.575801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminants inhabit the consortia of gut microbes that play a critical functional role in their maintenance and nourishment by enabling them to use cellulosic and non-cellulosic feed material. These gut microbes perform major physiological activities, including digestion and metabolism of dietary components, to derive energy to meet major protein (65-85%) and energy (ca 80%) requirements of the host. Owing to their contribution to digestive physiology, rumen microbes are considered one of the crucial factors affecting feed conversion efficiency in ruminants. Any change in the rumen microbiome has an imperative effect on animal physiology. Ruminal microbes are fundamentally anaerobic and produce various compounds during rumen fermentation, which are directly used by the host or other microbes. Methane (CH4) is produced by methanogens through utilizing metabolic hydrogen during rumen fermentation. Maximizing the flow of metabolic hydrogen in the rumen away from CH4 and toward volatile fatty acids (VFA) would increase the efficiency of ruminant production and decrease its environmental impact. Understanding of microbial diversity and rumen dynamics is not only crucial for the optimization of host efficiency but also required to mediate emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from ruminants. There are various strategies to modulate the rumen microbiome, mainly including dietary interventions and the use of different feed additives. Phytogenic feed additives, mainly plant secondary compounds, have been shown to modulate rumen microflora and change rumen fermentation dynamics leading to enhanced animal performance. Many in vitro and in vivo studies aimed to evaluate the use of plant secondary metabolites in ruminants have been conducted using different plants or their extract or essential oils. This review specifically aims to provide insights into dietary interactions of rumen microbes and their subsequent consequences on rumen fermentation. Moreover, a comprehensive overview of the modulation of rumen microbiome by using phytogenic compounds (essential oils, saponins, and tannins) for manipulating rumen dynamics to mediate CH4 emanation from livestock is presented. We have also discussed the pros and cons of each strategy along with future prospective of dietary modulation of rumen microbiome to improve the performance of ruminants while decreasing GHG emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz-ul Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adeel Arshad
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hossam M. Ebeid
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Saif-ur Rehman
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad Khan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shehryaar Shahid
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Chengjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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A newly developed tannase enzyme from Aspergillus terreus versus commercial tannase in the diet of lactating Damascus goats fed diet containing pomegranate peel. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Ability of tannins to modulate ruminal lipid metabolism and milk and meat fatty acid profiles. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Renna M, Lussiana C, Malfatto V, Gerbelle M, Turille G, Medana C, Ghirardello D, Mimosi A, Cornale P. Evaluating the Suitability of Hazelnut Skin as a Feed Ingredient in the Diet of Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091653. [PMID: 32938019 PMCID: PMC7552223 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Agriculture is estimated to generate about 700 million tons of waste annually in the Eurpoean Union (EU). Most of the by-products derived from the agricultural industry become organic waste, thus resulting in the loss of valuable nutrients and bioactive compounds and causing environmental and economic issues. Increasing the efficiency of waste management is a major global challenge that must be met in order to minimize the abovementioned negative impacts. Some agro-industrial by-products can be valorized by their inclusion in feed formulations. Hazelnut skin is a by-product of the hazelnut industry. It is a good source of phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, unsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin E. In this study, we evaluated the productive performance of dairy cows in response to the inclusion of hazelnut skin in the diet. We observed no effects of hazelnut skin on either the milk production level or fat and protein contents. The oleic acid concentration in milk was strongly increased by including hazelnut skin in the cows’ diet. Improvements in the antioxidant activity and sustainability of milk production in terms of food–feed competition were also observed. These results are of practical application for feed manufacturers and farmers, as they support the inclusion of sustainable and low-cost feed ingredients in ruminant diets, with the aim of supporting the expected increase in livestock production in the upcoming years. Abstract Hazelnut skin (HS) was evaluated as a source of nutrients for dairy cows. In total, 26 Aosta Red Pied cows were divided into two balanced groups. All cows were fed hay ad libitum. The control group was also given 6 kg of concentrate, while the hazelnut skin group (HAZ) was given 1 kg of the same concentrate that was substituted by 1 kg of HS. The dry matter intake of the cows was reduced by the dietary inclusion of HS (p ≤ 0.001). The milk yield and main constituents were unaffected by treatment. Milk from HAZ cows showed decreased concentrations of de novo saturated fatty acids (FAs), odd- and branched-chain FA, α-linolenic acid, and long-chain n-3 FAs, as well as increased concentrations of stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, total monounsaturated FAs, trans biohydrogenation intermediates, and α–tocopherol. Replacing the concentrate with HS increased the human-inedible feed quota in the diet and improved the sustainability of milk production in terms of the food-feed competition. Our results suggest that it is possible to add economic value to organic waste from the hazelnut industry using HS as a feed ingredient for dairy cows, enhancing the feed efficiency and milk antioxidant activity and having expected impacts on the nutraceutical quality of milk fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Renna
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-8023
| | - Carola Lussiana
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy; (C.L.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Vanda Malfatto
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy; (C.L.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.C.)
| | | | - Germano Turille
- Institut Agricole Régional, 11100 Aosta, Italy; (M.G.); (G.T.)
| | - Claudio Medana
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, via Nizza 52, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Daniela Ghirardello
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy; (C.L.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Antonio Mimosi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy; (C.L.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolo Cornale
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy; (C.L.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.C.)
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Hassan FU, Ebeid HM, Tang Z, Li M, Peng L, Peng K, Liang X, Yang C. A Mixed Phytogenic Modulates the Rumen Bacteria Composition and Milk Fatty Acid Profile of Water Buffaloes. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:569. [PMID: 33005643 PMCID: PMC7479126 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of a mixed phytogenic (MP) on rumen bacteria and their potential association with rumen fermentation and milk yield parameters in water buffaloes. Twenty Murrah buffaloes were fed a basal diet (consisting of maize silage, brewers' grains, and concentrate mixture) for 6 weeks supplemented with 0 (control), 15 (MP15), 25 (MP25), and 35 (MP35) g of mixed phytogenic/buffalo per d. The mixed phytogenic contained fennel (seeds), ajwain (seeds), ginger (tubers), Swertia chirata (leaves), Citrullus colocynthis (fruit), turmeric, fenugreek (seeds), Terminalia chebula (fruit), licorice (roots), and Phyllanthus emblica (fruit) in equal quantities. After 2 weeks of adaptation, daily milk yield, and weekly milk composition were recorded. On the last day of the experiment (d 42), rumen contents were collected to determine rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial diversity through 16S rRNA sequencing. Results revealed no change in dry matter intake, milk yield and rumen fermentation parameters except pH, which increased (P = 0.029) in response to MP supplementation. The mixed phytogenic increased (P < 0.01) milk fatty acids (C4 to C14:0) in MP15 only. The milk C16:1 content and its unsaturation index were higher (P < 0.05) in MP35 as compared to the control and other treatments. Furthermore, C18:3n3 was higher (P < 0.05) in the control, MP15, and MP25, as compared to MP35. Supplementation of MP tended to increase (P = 0.095) the Shannon index of bacterial alpha diversity and a difference (P < 0.05) among treatment groups was observed in beta diversity. Feeding MP increased the Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Spirochaetes but decreased Bacteroidetes numerically. In addition, the dominant genus Prevotella decreased in all treatment groups while Pseudobutyrivibrio, Butyrivibrio, and Succinivibrioanceae increased numerically in MP25 and MP35. The mixed phytogenic promoted groups of rumen bacteria positively associated with milk and fat yield. Overall, our study revealed 14 positive correlations of rumen bacteria with milk yield and eight with rumen fermentation parameters. Our findings reveal substantial changes in the rumen bacteriome composition and milk fatty acid content in response to MP but these results should be interpreted carefully, as the sample size of our study was relatively small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz-Ul Hassan
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China.,Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hossam M Ebeid
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Zhenhua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Mengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Lijuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Kaiping Peng
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Chengjian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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Nudda A, Cannas A, Correddu F, Atzori AS, Lunesu MF, Battacone G, Pulina G. Sheep and Goats Respond Differently to Feeding Strategies Directed to Improve the Fatty Acid Profile of Milk Fat. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081290. [PMID: 32731516 PMCID: PMC7459846 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sheep and goat milk, as well as dairy products, are considered good sources of high-quality nutrients, particularly proteins and fats. Many positive effects on human health have been attributed to the consumption of dairy containing specific fatty acids, including some compounds originating from the polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) biohydrogenation operated by rumen microbes. In this bibliographic review, several nutritional strategies able to improve the milk fatty acids (FA) profile, in terms of an increase in the concentration of fatty acids considered beneficial to human health, are presented and discussed, with special attention to the differences between the two species. Abstract This bibliographic review presents and discusses the nutritional strategies able to increase the concentration of beneficial fatty acids (FA) in sheep and goat milk, and dairy products, with a particular focus on the polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), and highlights differences between the two species. In fact, by adopting appropriate feeding strategies, it is possible to markedly vary the concentration of fat in milk and improve its FA composition. These strategies are based mostly on the utilization of herbage rich in PUFA, or on the inclusion of vegetable, marine, or essential oils in the diet of lactating animals. Sheep respond more effectively than goats to the utilization of fresh herbage and to nutritional approaches that improve the milk concentration of c9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid (c9,t11-CLA) and α-linolenic acid. Dietary polyphenols can influence milk FA profile, reducing or inhibiting the activity and growth of some strains of rumen microbes involved in the biohydrogenation of PUFA. Although the effectiveness of plant secondary compounds in improving milk FA composition is still controversial, an overall positive effect has been observed on the concentration of PUFA and RA, without marked differences between sheep and goats. On the other hand, the positive effect of dietary polyphenols on the oxidative stability of milk fat appears to be more consistent.
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Valizadeh Yonjalli R, Mirzaei Aghjehgheshlagh F, Mahdavi A, Navidshad B, Staji H. The effects of tannin extract and linseed oil on yield, physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid profile of ewe milk. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Valizadeh Yonjalli
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources University of Mohaghegh Ardabili daneshgah street 56199‐11367 Ardabil Iran
| | - Farzad Mirzaei Aghjehgheshlagh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources University of Mohaghegh Ardabili daneshgah street 56199‐11367 Ardabil Iran
| | - Ali Mahdavi
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Rearing and Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Semnan University Imam Reza Road, Campus 1 19111‐35131 Semnan Iran
| | - Bahman Navidshad
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resources University of Mohaghegh Ardabili daneshgah street 56199‐11367 Ardabil Iran
| | - Hamid Staji
- Department of Pathobiology, faculty of veterinary Semnan University Imam Reza road, Campus 1 Semnan Iran 19111‐35131
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Monllor P, Romero G, Atzori AS, Sandoval-Castro CA, Ayala-Burgos AJ, Roca A, Sendra E, Díaz JR. Composition, Mineral and Fatty Acid Profiles of Milk from Goats Fed with Different Proportions of Broccoli and Artichoke Plant By-Products. Foods 2020; 9:E700. [PMID: 32492779 PMCID: PMC7353654 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Mediterranean region, artichoke and broccoli are major crops with a high amount of by-products that can be used as alternative feedstuffs for ruminants, lowering feed costs and enhancing milk sustainability while reducing the environmental impact of dairy production. However, nutritional quality of milk needs to be assured under these production conditions and an optimal inclusion ratio of silages should be determined. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of three inclusion levels (25%, 40%, and 60%) of these silages (artichoke plant, AP, and broccoli by-product, BB) in goat diets on milk yield, composition, and mineral and fatty profiles. Treatments with 60% inclusion of AP and BB presented the lowest milk yield. No differences were found on the milk mineral profile. Inclusion of AP in the animals' diet improved the milk lipid profile from the point of view of human health (AI, TI) compared to BB due to a lower saturated fatty acid content (C12:0, C14:0, and C16:0) and a higher concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially vaccenic acid (C18:1 trans11) and rumenic acid (CLA cis9, trans11), without any differences with the control treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Monllor
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (P.M.); (G.R.); (A.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Gema Romero
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (P.M.); (G.R.); (A.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Alberto S. Atzori
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Carlos A. Sandoval-Castro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida 97100, Mexico; (C.A.S.-C.); (A.J.A.-B.)
| | - Armín J. Ayala-Burgos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida 97100, Mexico; (C.A.S.-C.); (A.J.A.-B.)
| | - Amparo Roca
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (P.M.); (G.R.); (A.R.); (E.S.)
| | - Esther Sendra
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (P.M.); (G.R.); (A.R.); (E.S.)
| | - José Ramón Díaz
- Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (P.M.); (G.R.); (A.R.); (E.S.)
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Makmur M, Zain M, Agustin F, Sriagtula R, Putri EM. In vitro rumen biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in tropical grass-legume rations. Vet World 2020; 13:661-668. [PMID: 32546909 PMCID: PMC7245701 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.661-668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various combinations of tropical grass-legume species in rations on the biohydrogenation (BH) activity of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), C18:0 composition, and fermentation profile in an in vitro rumen system. Materials and Methods: Samples of the following five fodder plants were used: One species of grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and four species of tree legumes (Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium, Calliandra calothyrsus, and Indigofera zollingeriana). The following eight experimental diets were evaluated: 50% P. purpureum + 50% L. leucocephala (LL I); 50% P. purpureum + 50% G. sepium (GS I); 50% P. purpureum + 50% C. calothyrsus (CC I); 50% P. purpureum + 50% I. zollingeriana (IZ I); 75% P. purpureum + 25% L. leucocephala (LL II); 75% P. purpureum + 25% G. sepium (GS II); 75% P. purpureum + 25% C. calothyrsus (CC II); and 75% P. purpureum + 25% I. zollingeriana (IZ II). Each ration was replicated 3 times. In vitro rumen incubation was performed for 48 h, according to the Tilley and Terry method. Determination of the FA profiles of the forage materials and rumen fluid samples was performed using gas chromatography. Results: The percentage of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) in the forage materials ranged from 34.18% (P. purpureum) to 74.51% (C. calothyrsus). The percentage of monounsaturated FA (MUFA) ranged from 5.06% (P. purpureum) to 8.71% (L. leucocephala). The percentage of saturated FA (SFA) was the lowest at 19.12% (C. calothyrsus) and highest at 60.76% (P. purpureum). In vitro BH of C18:3 n-3, C18:2 n-6, C18:1 n-9, and C18 PUFA in the experimental diets ranged from 72% to 100%. The BH of C18:1 n-9 in GS I (80%) and IZ I (72%) was significantly different (p<0.05). The percentage of C18:0 was 10-50% and significantly different (p<0.05) among treatments, with the highest (of 50%) in GS II. No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed in the fermentation parameters (pH, total volatile FAs, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and in vitro organic matter digestibility) among the treatments, except in NH3 concentration (p<0.05). Conclusion: The various combinations of tropical legumes do not have significant inhibitory effects on the BH of C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-3, and C18 PUFA after in vitro incubation for 48h. Furthermore, an increase in the tropical legume ratio in the ration tends to suppress C18:0 formation after the fermentation simulation process. IZ I has the potential to reduce C18:1 n-9 (MUFA) disappearance and yield an ideal rumen fermentation profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Makmur
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Mardiati Zain
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Fauzia Agustin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Riesi Sriagtula
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Ezi Masdia Putri
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
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The links between supplementary tannin levels and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) formation in ruminants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0216187. [PMID: 32168348 PMCID: PMC7069617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to predict and identify ways to increase conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) formation in ruminant-derived products to treat human health issues with dietary tannins. The objective was to compare and confirm the effects of dietary tannins on CLA formation by analyzing in vitro and/or in vivo studies. We reported the results of the meta-analysis based on numerical data from 38 selected publications consisting of 3712 treatments. Generally, via multiple pathways, the CLA formation increased when dietary tannins increased. Concurrently, dietary tannins increased Δ9 desaturation and the CLA indices in milk and meat (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, with average R2 values of 0.23 and 0.44, respectively), but they did not change the rumen fermentation characteristics, including total volatile fatty acids (mmol/L) and their acid components. In vitro observations may accurately predict in vivo results. Unfortunately, there was no relationship between in vitro observations and in vivo results (R2 < 0.10), indicating that it is difficult to predict CLA formation in vivo considering in vitro observations. According to the statistical meta-analysis results regarding animal aspects, the ranges of tannin levels required for CLA formation in vitro and in vivo were approximately 0.1–20 g/kg dry matter (DM) (P < 0.001) and 2.1–80 g/kg DM (P < 0.001), respectively. In conclusion, the in vivo method was more suitable for the direct observation of fatty acid transformation than the in vitro method.
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Denninger T, Schwarm A, Birkinshaw A, Terranova M, Dohme-Meier F, Münger A, Eggerschwiler L, Bapst B, Wegmann S, Clauss M, Kreuzer M. Immediate effect of Acacia mearnsii tannins on methane emissions and milk fatty acid profiles of dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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