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Jiang M, Wang K, Huang Y, Zhang X, Yang T, Zhan K, Zhao G. Quercetin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cell Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses via Regulation of the TLR4-NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Bovine Rumen Epithelial Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:512. [PMID: 37624269 PMCID: PMC10467142 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15080512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) will cause an increase in endotoxin, which will have a negative effect on the bovine rumen epithelial cells (BREC). Flavonoids are effective in treating inflammation caused by endotoxin. Quercetin is a vital flavonoid widely occurring in fruits and vegetables and has received significant interest as a prospective anti-inflammatory antioxidant. Nonetheless, quercetin's protective machinery against such damage to BREC induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) remains unclear. A combined quercetin and LPS-induced BREC inflammation model was utilized to elucidate the effect of quercetin protecting BREC from LPS-induced injury. After treating BREC with different doses of LPS (1, 5, and 10 μg/mL) for 6 h or 24 h, the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors was detected. Our experimental results show the establishment of the BREC inflammation model via mRNA high expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in BREC following 6 h treatment with 1 µg/mL LPS. The promotive effect of 80 μg/mL quercetin on BREC growth via the cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay was observed. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, notably tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, CC-motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL20, CCL28, and CXC motif chemokine 9 (CXCL9), etc., was significantly reduced by quercetin supplementation. We also analyzed the mRNA detection of related pathways by qRT-PCR. Our validation studies demonstrated that quercetin markedly curbed the mRNA expression of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation primary response protein (MyD88) and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in LPS-treated BREC. In addition, western blot result outcomes confirmed, as expected, that LPS significantly activated phosphorylation of p44/42 extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) and NF-κB. Unexpectedly, this effect was reversed by adding quercetin. To complement western blot results, we assessed p-ERK1/2 and p-p65 protein expression using immunofluorescence, which gave consistent results. Therefore, quercetin's capacity to bar the TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways may be the cause of its anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced inflammatory reactions in BREC. According to these results, quercetin may be utilized as an anti-inflammatory medication to alleviate inflammation brought on by high-grain feed, and it also lays out a conceptual foundation regarding the development and utilization of quercetin in the later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maocheng Jiang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yinghao Huang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tianyu Yang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kang Zhan
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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The Impact of Quercetin and Its Methylated Derivatives 3-o-Methylquercetin and Rhamnazin in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Porcine Intestinal Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071265. [PMID: 35883756 PMCID: PMC9312192 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress in the small intestine can lead to inflammation and barrier malfunction. The present study describes the effect of quercetin (Q), 3-o-methylquercetin (QM), and rhamnazin (R) on cell viability, paracellular permeability, production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) after challenging jejunal cells (IPEC-J2) with different types (Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O111:B4, and E. coli O127:B8) of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) applied in 10 µg/mL concentration. The intracellular ROS level increased after all LPS treatments, which could be decreased by all tested flavonoid compounds in 50 µM concentration. Extracellular H2O2 production significantly increased after Q and R treatment (50 µM). S. Typhimurium LPS could significantly increase IL-6 production of enterocytes, which could be alleviated by Q, QM, and R (50 µM) as well. Using fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FD4) tracer dye, we could demonstrate that S. Typhimurium LPS significantly increased the permeability of the cell layer. The simultaneous treatments of S. Typhimurium LPS and the flavonoid compounds showed no alteration in FD4 penetration compared to untreated cells. These results highlight that Q, QM, and R are promising substances that can be used to protect intestinal epithelial cells from the deteriorating effects of oxidative stress.
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Zhang K, Qian Q, Mao Y, Xu Y, Yang Y, Chen Y, Wang X. Characterization of growth phenotypes and gastrointestinal tract microbiota in sheep fed with caragana. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2763-2779. [PMID: 33998744 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Using high-protein caragana as an unconventional feed supplement has promising application potential in livestock feeding programmes, and verifying its function is of great importance to guide efficient dietary management of livestock. METHODS AND RESULTS This study investigated the resulting changes in the growth, slaughter performance, serum physiological index, physical and chemical characteristics of meat, ruminal and intestine morphology and gastrointestinal tract microbiota in sheep fed with caragana (CAR), corn straw (COR) and alfalfa (ALF) diets. The CAR group showed an increased abundance of Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Marvinbryantia, Ruminococcaceae NK4A214, Lachnospiraceae UCG-002 and Desulfuromonas in the rumen compared with ALF, and CAR group mainly enhanced starch and sucrose metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, photosynthesis and d-alanine metabolism in the rumen compared with ALF. CONCLUSIONS CAR diet positively changed the fatty acid profile of longissimus dorsi muscle and significantly altered the composition and function of the microbiota in the rumen, ileum and cecum. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study systematically demonstrated the feasibility of CAR as an alternative to ALF for animal fattening in a complete formula granulated feed and provided a fundamental basis for further research and development of CAR as an unconventional feed source for ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Q Qian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Y Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Y Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Y Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Y Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - X Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Zhang C, Jia X, Zhao Y, Wang L, Cao K, Zhang N, Gao Y, Wang Z. The combined effects of elevated atmospheric CO 2 and cadmium exposure on flavonoids in the leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 210:111878. [PMID: 33418159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids participate in several plant processes such as growth and physiological protection in adverse environments. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of eCO2 and cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soils on the total flavonoid and monomer contents in the leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings. Elevated CO2, Cd, and eCO2+ Cd increased the total flavonoids in the leaves relative to the control, and eCO2 mostly increased (p < 0.05) the total flavonoid content under Cd exposure. Elevated CO2 increased (p < 0.05) robinin, rutin, and acacetin contents in the leaves of 45-day seedlings and decreased (p < 0.05) the content of robinin and acacetin at 90 and 135 d under Cd exposure except for robinin at day 45 under Cd1 and acacetin on day 135 under Cd1. Quercetin content decreased (p < 0.05) under the combined conditions relative to Cd alone. Kaempferol in the leaves was only detected under eCO2 on day 135. The responses of total chlorophyll, total soluble sugars, starch, C, N, S, and the C/N ratio in the leaves to eCO2 significantly affected the synthesis of total flavonoids and monomers under Cd exposure. Overall, rutin was more sensitive to eCO2+ Cd than the other flavonoids. Cadmium, CO2, and time had significant interactive effects on the synthesis of flavonoids in the leaves of R. pseudoacacia L. seedlings. Elevated CO2 may improve the protection and defense system of seedlings grown in Cd-contaminated soils by promoting the synthesis of total flavonoids, although robinin, rutin, quercetin, and acacetin yields may reduce with time. Additionally, increased Cd in the leaves suggested that eCO2 could improve the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Xia Jia
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China.
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Kemeng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Ningjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Gao
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
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Shellenberger NW, Collinsworth KK, Subbiah S, Klein D, Neary JM. Hypoxia induces an increase in intestinal permeability and pulmonary arterial pressures in neonatal Holstein calves despite feeding the flavonoid rutin. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:2821-2828. [PMID: 31954560 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to determine whether the naturally occurring flavonoid quercetin, as its glucorhamnoside rutin, reduces intestinal permeability and susceptibility to hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in neonatal Holstein calves. A 2 × 2 between-subjects factorial design was conducted using Holstein steers (n = 16). Factors included oxygen level (simulated altitude of 4,572 m vs. 975 m) and quercetin supplementation as its glucorhamnoside rutin (4 g of quercetin per day vs. 0 g per day). Two days after arrival (d 0 of study) the calves were blocked by body mass into treatment groups, and treatments were initiated. Pulmonary arterial pressure, echocardiography, and serum concentrations of orally administered lactulose (0.45 g/kg) and mannitol (0.15 g/kg) were measured on d 12, 13, and 14, respectively. Calves were euthanized on d 15 and pulmonary tissues collected for semiquantitative scoring of histological lesions. Data were analyzed using linear regression, generalized estimating equations, and 2-sample proportion tests. Hypoxia, but not rutin, was found to be associated with intestinal permeability. The lactulose-mannitol ratio was 0.54 ± 0.13 (standard error) in hypoxic calves and 0.02 ± 0.13 in normoxic controls. Hypoxia increased mean pulmonary arterial pressure. Calves fed rutin under hypoxic conditions tended to have a lower mean pulmonary arterial pressure (59 ± 7 mmHg) than control calves (80 ± 7 mmHg) but similar pressures under normoxic conditions. Paradoxically, however, a greater proportion of calves fed rutin had histological evidence of pulmonary arteriolar medial hypertrophy and adventitial hyperplasia than did controls. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that hypoxia increased intestinal permeability in neonatal calves. The flavonoid quercetin, as its glucorhamnoside rutin, had no protective effect on intestinal permeability, and, although it tended to reduce the severity of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension, a greater proportion of calves fed rutin had histological lesions consistent with pulmonary arteriolar remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Shellenberger
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - Keleigh K Collinsworth
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - Seenivasan Subbiah
- Department of Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - David Klein
- Department of Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - Joseph M Neary
- Department of Livestock Health and Welfare, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.
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Budzynska B, Faggio C, Kruk-Slomka M, Samec D, Nabavi SF, Sureda A, Devi KP, Nabavi SM. Rutin as Neuroprotective Agent: From Bench to Bedside. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5152-5164. [PMID: 28971760 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171003114154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are major dietary constituents of plant-based food found ubiquitously in plant kingdom where they are usually present in substantial amounts. Rutin is a flavonol-type polyphenol which consists of the flavonol quercetin and the disaccharide rutinose. Rutin has been reported to exert diverse biological effects such as antitumor and antimicrobial mainly associated to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Mental, neurological, and behavioural disorders are an important and growing cause of morbidity. Most of these disorders combine a high prevalence, early onset, progressive clinical course, and impairment of critical brain functions making them a major contributor to the global disease burden. In the present work, the biological in vitro and in vivo effects and the potential therapeutic applications of rutin in neurodegenerative processes are reviewed, as well as their bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, which are essential for a better understanding of its biological effectiveness. Moreover, the present review also provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms through which rutin is proposed to exert its neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Budzynska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a Street, 20- 093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31 98166, S.Agata, Messina, Italy
| | - Marta Kruk-Slomka
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a Street, 20- 093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dunja Samec
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute Ruder Boskovic, Bijenicka c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.,CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rumen Fermentation Characteristics in Pre- and Post-Weaning Calves upon Feeding with Mulberry Leaf Flavonoids and Candida tropicalis Individually or in Combination as a Supplement. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9110990. [PMID: 31752155 PMCID: PMC6912756 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although flavonoids or yeast have been used as feed additives to improve the production efficiency and health of adult cattle, little information is available on their effects on rumen fermentation in calves. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feed supplementation with mulberry leaf flavonoids and Candida tropicalis on performance, blood parameters, and rumen fermentation characteristics during pre-weaning and post-weaning periods. Forty-eight Holstein calves were used in a four-groups trial and were supplemented with (1) no yeast or flavonoids (CON), (2) active dry yeast (ADY; C. tropicalis, 5.0 × 109 CFU/d), (3) flavonoids (FLA; 3 g/d), or (4) yeast and flavonoids (YF; C. tropicalis, 5.0 × 109 CFU/d; flavonoids, 3 g/d). The feeding strategy was as follows: milk replacer was offered at 12% of body weight in two meals per calf each day at age 21 d, and a gradual weaning process was adopted at age 50 to 56 days. Data of daily feed intake, body weight, and serum and rumen fermentation parameters were obtained at 28, 42, 56, and 80 d ages, respectively. A significant time effect and interaction between treatment and time was found for average daily gain, feed efficiency, total volatile fatty acid concentration, and proportion of propionate in calves (p < 0.05). Average daily gain and feed efficiency increased during post-weaning and overall periods for calves in FLA and YF groups compared with CON and ADY groups (p < 0.05). A reduction of fecal scores with supplementation was found in FLA and YF groups (p < 0.05). Rumen fluid pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration remained constant across the groups, whereas total volatile fatty acid concentration and molar proportion of propionate significantly increased during the pre-weaning and overall periods in FLA and YF groups (p < 0.05). Calves in YF group had the highest serum concentrations of IgG and IgA during the overall period (p < 0.05). Additionally, serum β-hydroxybutyric acid concentration was higher in ADY and FLA groups during the post-weaning period (p < 0.05). Supplementation with C. tropicalis showed little effect on increasing growth performance and health compared with flavonoids alone. Meanwhile, the combination of C. tropicalis and flavonoids was not synergistic with respect to improving health and rumen fermentation compared with use of flavonoids alone in pre- and post-weaning calves (p > 0.05).
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Rutin as a Potent Antioxidant: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disorders. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6241017. [PMID: 30050657 PMCID: PMC6040293 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6241017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and prion diseases, share common mechanisms such as neuronal loss, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Intervention strategies using plant-derived bioactive compounds have been offered as a form of treatment for these debilitating conditions, as there are currently no remedies to prevent, reverse, or halt the progression of neuronal loss. Rutin, a glycoside of the flavonoid quercetin, is found in many plants and fruits, especially buckwheat, apricots, cherries, grapes, grapefruit, plums, and oranges. Pharmacological studies have reported the beneficial effects of rutin in many disease conditions, and its therapeutic potential in several models of NDs has created considerable excitement. Here, we have summarized the current knowledge on the neuroprotective mechanisms of rutin in various experimental models of NDs. The mechanisms of action reviewed in this article include reduction of proinflammatory cytokines, improved antioxidant enzyme activities, activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, downregulation of mRNA expression of PD-linked and proapoptotic genes, upregulation of the ion transport and antiapoptotic genes, and restoration of the activities of mitochondrial complex enzymes. Taken together, these findings suggest that rutin may be a promising neuroprotective compound for the treatment of NDs.
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Ghedini C, Whitehouse N, Moura D, Oliveira A, Brito A. Short communication: The mammalian lignan enterolactone is absorbed by newborn dairy calves fed enterolactone-enriched milk. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:8170-8175. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Wang TY, Li Q, Bi KS. Bioactive flavonoids in medicinal plants: Structure, activity and biological fate. Asian J Pharm Sci 2017; 13:12-23. [PMID: 32104374 PMCID: PMC7032191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, a class of polyphenol secondary metabolites, are presented broadly in plants and diets. They are believed to have various bioactive effects including anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-aging, etc. Their basic structures consist of C6-C3-C6 rings with different substitution patterns to produce a series of subclass compounds, and correlations between chemical structures and bioactivities have been studied before. Given their poor bioavailability, however, information about associations between structure and biological fate is limited and urgently needed. This review therefore attempts to bring some order into relationships between structure, activity as well as pharmacokinetics of bioactive flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kai-Shun Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
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Zheng J, Kallio H, Yang B. Sea Buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides ssp. rhamnoides) Berries in Nordic Environment: Compositional Response to Latitude and Weather Conditions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5031-44. [PMID: 27215398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Flavonol glycosides (FGs) in sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides ssp. rhamnoides) berries of varieties 'Tytti' and 'Terhi', cultivated in northern Finland (68°02' N) for six years and southern Finland (60°23' N) for seven years, were investigated and compared by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. The average total content of 23 identified glycosides of isorhamnetin and quercetin was 103 ± 23 and 110 ± 21 mg/100 g fresh berries in 'Terhi' and 'Tytti', respectively. The total contents of FGs, flavonol diglycosides, and triglycosides in both varieties were higher in the north than in the south, whereas total flavonol monoglycoside content behaved vice versa (p < 0.05). Among the 89 weather variables studied, the sum of the daily mean temperatures that are 5 °C or higher from the start of growth season until the day of harvest was the most important variable which associated negatively with the accumulation of FGs in berries. Such influence was much stronger in berries from the north than from the south.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University , 510632 Guangzhou, China
| | - Heikki Kallio
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University , 510632 Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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ZHANG XD, XU Y, ZHANG T, LÜ JJ. Assessing Plant Antioxidants by Cellular Antioxidant Activity Assay Based on Microfluidic Cell Chip with Arrayed Microchannels. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(16)60924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gruse J, Kanitz E, Weitzel JM, Tuchscherer A, Stefaniak T, Jawor P, Wolffram S, Hammon HM. Quercetin Feeding in Newborn Dairy Calves Cannot Compensate Colostrum Deprivation: Study on Metabolic, Antioxidative and Inflammatory Traits. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146932. [PMID: 26752173 PMCID: PMC4709053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immaturity of the neonatal immune system is causative for high morbidity in calves and colostrum intake is crucial for acquiring passive immunity. Pathogenesis is promoted by reactive oxygen species accumulating at birth if counter-regulation is inadequate. The flavonol quercetin exerts antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects that may enhance neonatal health. The aim of this work was to study effects of quercetin feeding on metabolic, antioxidative and inflammatory parameters in neonatal calves to investigate whether quercetin could compensate for insufficient colostrum supply. Twenty-eight newborn calves were assigned to two dietary groups fed colostrum or milk-based formula on day 1 and 2 and milk replacer thereafter. From day 2 onwards, 7 calves per diet group were additionally fed quercetin aglycone (50 mg/(kg body weight × day)). Blood samples were taken repeatedly to measure plasma concentrations of flavonols, glucose, lactate, total protein, albumin, urea, non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, immunoglobulins, fibrinogen, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A. Trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity, ferric reducing ability of plasma, thiobarbituric acid reactive species and F2-isoprostanes were analyzed to evaluate plasma antioxidative status. Expression of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1α, interleukin-1β, serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase mRNA were measured in liver tissue on day 8. Plasma flavonol concentrations were detectable only after quercetin-feeding without differences between colostrum and formula feeding. Plasma glucose, lactate, total protein, immunoglobulins, triglycerides, cholesterol, trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity and thiobarbituric acid reactive species were higher after colostrum feeding. Body temperature, fecal fluidity and plasma concentrations of cortisol and haptoglobin were higher in formula- than in colostrum-fed groups. Hepatic mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor was higher after quercetin feeding and expression of C-reactive protein was higher after formula feeding. Data confirm that colostrum improves neonatal health and indicate that quercetin feeding cannot compensate for insufficient colostrum supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine Gruse
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ellen Kanitz
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Joachim M. Weitzel
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Armin Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Tadeusz Stefaniak
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Jawor
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Siegfried Wolffram
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Harald M. Hammon
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
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15
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Maciej J, Schäff CT, Kanitz E, Tuchscherer A, Bruckmaier RM, Wolffram S, Hammon HM. Short communication: Effects of oral flavonoid supplementation on the metabolic and antioxidative status of newborn dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2015; 99:805-11. [PMID: 26601591 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Scientific proof for flavonoids as a health tool in calf nutrition is inconsistent. We investigated the effects of the most abundant flavonoid, quercetin, and of a green tea extract (GTE) containing various catechins on the metabolic and antioxidative traits in dairy calves to clarify their potential health-promoting effects. Male newborn German Holstein calves (n=7 per group) received either no flavonoid (control group), 10mg of quercetin equivalents as quercetin aglycone or as rutin/kg of body weight (BW) per day, or 10mg/kg of BW per day of a GTE from d 2 to 26 of life. The supplements were provided with the morning and evening feeding. The calves were fed colostrum and milk replacer, and BW, feed intake, and health status were evaluated daily. Blood samples were collected from a jugular vein on d 1, 5, 12, 19, and 26 before the morning feeding to investigate the metabolic and antioxidative status of the calves. The growth performance and health status remained unchanged, but the GTE-fed calves had fewer loose feces than the controls. The plasma concentrations of quercetin changed over time and were higher in the rutin-fed group than in the control group, whereas the catechins were below the detection limit. The plasma Trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity and ferric reducing ability of plasma were measured as markers for plasma antioxidative capacity. The concentrations of Trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity increased, whereas ferric reducing ability of plasma decreased after the first day of life in all the groups. The oxidative stress markers in the plasma were measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and F2-isoprostanes, but these did not indicate treatment or time effects. The plasma concentrations of total protein, albumin, urea, lactate, glucose, and nonesterified fatty acids and of insulin and cortisol varied over time, but no group differences were caused by the flavonoid supplementation. In summary, orally administered quercetin and catechins at the dosages used in the present study resulted in weak effects on health and no effects on the metabolic and antioxidative status of newborn dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Maciej
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner,", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - C T Schäff
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner,", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - E Kanitz
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - A Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - R M Bruckmaier
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Wolffram
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - H M Hammon
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner,", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Gruse J, Görs S, Tuchscherer A, Otten W, Weitzel JM, Metges CC, Wolffram S, Hammon HM. The Effects of Oral Quercetin Supplementation on Splanchnic Glucose Metabolism in 1-Week-Old Calves Depend on Diet after Birth. J Nutr 2015; 145:2486-95. [PMID: 26400967 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.218271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate colostrum supply results in insufficient intake of macronutrients and bioactive factors, thereby impairing gastrointestinal development and the maturation of glucose metabolism in neonatal calves. The flavonoid quercetin has been shown to have health-promoting properties, including effects in diabetic animals. However, quercetin interacts with intestinal glucose absorption and might therefore exert negative effects in neonates. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the interaction between neonatal diet and quercetin feeding on splanchnic glucose metabolism in neonatal calves. METHODS Calves (n = 28) were assigned to 4 groups and fed either colostrum or a milk-based formula on days 1 and 2 and supplemented daily with 148 μmol quercetin aglycone/kg body weight [colostrum with quercetin (CQ+)/formula with quercetin (FQ+)] or without this substance [colostrum without quercetin (CQ-)/formula with quercetin (FQ-)] from days 2-8. From day 3 onward, all calves received milk replacer. A xylose absorption test was performed on day 3, and on day 7, blood samples were collected to study glucose first-pass uptake after [(13)C6]-glucose feeding and intravenous [6,6-(2)H2]-glucose bolus injection. Plasma concentrations of metabolites and hormones were measured by taking additional blood samples. A biopsy specimen of the liver was harvested on day 8 to measure the mRNA expression of gluconeogenic enzymes. RESULTS Higher postprandial plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate, urea, adrenaline, noradrenaline, insulin, and glucagon on day 7 in colostrum-fed calves indicate that metabolic processes were stimulated. Postabsorptive xylose and glucose plasma concentrations each increased by an additional 26%, and splanchnic glucose turnover decreased by 35% in colostrum-fed calves, suggesting improved glucose absorption and lower splanchnic glucose utilization in colostrum-fed calves. Quercetin supplementation resulted in higher noradrenaline concentrations and enhanced peak absorption and oxidation of [(13)C6]-glucose by 10%. Liver mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA abundance was reduced by 34% in colostrum-deprived calves. CONCLUSIONS Feeding colostrum during the first 2 d of life is crucial for maturation of splanchnic glucose metabolism in calves. Supplementing quercetin improves gastrointestinal absorption capacity, particularly in colostrum-deprived calves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Solvig Görs
- Institutes of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner"
| | | | | | - Joachim M Weitzel
- Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany; and
| | | | - Siegfried Wolffram
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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