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Fonseca PAS, Suárez-Vega A, Arranz JJ, Gutiérrez-Gil B. Integration of selective sweeps across the sheep genome: understanding the relationship between production and adaptation traits. Genet Sel Evol 2024; 56:40. [PMID: 38773423 PMCID: PMC11106937 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-024-00910-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Livestock populations are under constant selective pressure for higher productivity levels for different selective purposes. This pressure results in the selection of animals with unique adaptive and production traits. The study of genomic regions associated with these unique characteristics has the potential to improve biological knowledge regarding the adaptive process and how it is connected to production levels and resilience, which is the ability of an animal to adapt to stress or an imbalance in homeostasis. Sheep is a species that has been subjected to several natural and artificial selective pressures during its history, resulting in a highly specialized species for production and adaptation to challenging environments. Here, the data from multiple studies that aim at mapping selective sweeps across the sheep genome associated with production and adaptation traits were integrated to identify confirmed selective sweeps (CSS). RESULTS In total, 37 studies were used to identify 518 CSS across the sheep genome, which were classified as production (147 prodCSS) and adaptation (219 adapCSS) CSS based on the frequency of each type of associated study. The genes within the CSS were associated with relevant biological processes for adaptation and production. For example, for adapCSS, the associated genes were related to the control of seasonality, circadian rhythm, and thermoregulation. On the other hand, genes associated with prodCSS were related to the control of feeding behaviour, reproduction, and cellular differentiation. In addition, genes harbouring both prodCSS and adapCSS showed an interesting association with lipid metabolism, suggesting a potential role of this process in the regulation of pleiotropic effects between these classes of traits. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the genetic link between productivity and adaptability in sheep breeds. This information may provide insights into the genetic mechanisms that underlie undesirable genetic correlations between these two groups of traits and pave the way for a better understanding of resilience as a positive ability to respond to environmental stressors, where the negative effects on production level are minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A S Fonseca
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Aroa Suárez-Vega
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Juan J Arranz
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gutiérrez-Gil
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071, León, Spain.
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Fonseca PAS, Suárez-Vega A, Esteban-Blanco C, Pelayo R, Marina H, Gutiérrez-Gil B, Arranz JJ. Epigenetic regulation of functional candidate genes for milk production traits in dairy sheep subjected to protein restriction in the prepubertal stage. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:511. [PMID: 37658326 PMCID: PMC10472666 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the prepubertal stage is a crucial point for the proper development of the mammary gland and milk production, this study aims to evaluate how protein restriction at this stage can affect methylation marks in milk somatic cells. Here, 28 Assaf ewes were subjected to 42.3% nutritional protein restriction (14 animals, NPR) or fed standard diets (14 animals, C) during the prepubertal stage. During the second lactation, the milk somatic cells of these ewes were sampled, and the extracted DNA was subjected to whole-genome bisulfite sequencing. RESULTS A total of 1154 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified between the NPR and C groups. Indeed, the results of functional enrichment analyses of the genes harboring these DMRs suggested their relevant effects on the development of the mammary gland and lipid metabolism in sheep. The additional analysis of the correlations of the mean methylation levels within these DMRs with fat, protein, and dry extract percentages in the milk and milk somatic cell counts suggested associations between several DMRs and milk production traits. However, there were no phenotypic differences in these traits between the NPR and C groups. CONCLUSION In light of the above, the results obtained in the current study might suggest potential candidate genes for the regulation of milk production traits in the sheep mammary gland. Further studies focusing on elucidating the genetic mechanisms affected by the identified DMRs may help to better understand the biological mechanisms modified in the mammary gland of dairy sheep as a response to nutritional challenges and their potential effects on milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. S. Fonseca
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071 León, Spain
| | - A. Suárez-Vega
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071 León, Spain
| | - C. Esteban-Blanco
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071 León, Spain
| | - R. Pelayo
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071 León, Spain
| | - H. Marina
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071 León, Spain
| | - B. Gutiérrez-Gil
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071 León, Spain
| | - J. J. Arranz
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071 León, Spain
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Suárez-Vega A, Frutos P, Gutiérrez-Gil B, Esteban-Blanco C, Toral PG, Arranz JJ, Hervás G. Feed efficiency in dairy sheep: An insight from the milk transcriptome. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1122953. [PMID: 37077950 PMCID: PMC10106586 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1122953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAs higher feed efficiency in dairy ruminants means a higher capability to transform feed nutrients into milk and milk components, differences in feed efficiency are expected to be partly linked to changes in the physiology of the mammary glands. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the biological functions and key regulatory genes associated with feed efficiency in dairy sheep using the milk somatic cell transcriptome.Material and methodsRNA-Seq data from high (H-FE, n = 8) and low (L-FE, n = 8) feed efficiency ewes were compared through differential expression analysis (DEA) and sparse Partial Least Square-Discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA).ResultsIn the DEA, 79 genes were identified as differentially expressed between both conditions, while the sPLS-DA identified 261 predictive genes [variable importance in projection (VIP) > 2] that discriminated H-FE and L-FE sheep.DiscussionThe DEA between sheep with divergent feed efficiency allowed the identification of genes associated with the immune system and stress in L-FE animals. In addition, the sPLS-DA approach revealed the importance of genes involved in cell division (e.g., KIF4A and PRC1) and cellular lipid metabolic process (e.g., LPL, SCD, GPAM, and ACOX3) for the H-FE sheep in the lactating mammary gland transcriptome. A set of discriminant genes, commonly identified by the two statistical approaches, was also detected, including some involved in cell proliferation (e.g., SESN2, KIF20A, or TOP2A) or encoding heat-shock proteins (HSPB1). These results provide novel insights into the biological basis of feed efficiency in dairy sheep, highlighting the informative potential of the mammary gland transcriptome as a target tissue and revealing the usefulness of combining univariate and multivariate analysis approaches to elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroa Suárez-Vega
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Pilar Frutos
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gutiérrez-Gil
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Cristina Esteban-Blanco
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Pablo G. Toral
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - Juan-José Arranz
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan-José Arranz
| | - Gonzalo Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Grulleros, León, Spain
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Fan X, Qiu L, Huang L, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Miao Y. MiR-190a regulates milk protein biosynthesis through the mTOR and JAK2–STAT5 signaling pathways by targeting PTHLH in buffalo mammary epithelial cells. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
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Sodhi M, Sharma M, Sharma A, Verma P, Mohanty A, Kataria RS, Shandilya UK, Kumari P, Mukesh M. Expression profile of different classes of proteases in milk derived somatic cells across different lactation stages of indigenous cows ( Bos indicus) and riverine buffaloes ( Bubalus bubalis). Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:15-24. [PMID: 34187314 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1930024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Proteases play a significant role in milk and its products by affecting flavor, texture and longevity. The expression of endogenous proteases varies across different stages of lactation. The study was conducted to understand the transcriptional pattern of different classes of protease-pathways associated genes (CTSB, CTSD, CTSH, CTSL, CTSK, CTSS, CTSZ, PLAU, PLAT) and potential protease inhibitors (SERPIN E2 and SERPIN F2) in 40 milk somatic cells (MSC) samples isolated during early, peak, mid and late lactation stages of Sahiwal cows and Murrah buffaloes - the two most important dairy breeds of India. In Sahiwal cows, except CTSK and PLAU, the expression of other proteases class was not affected significantly (p > 0.05) across lactation stages. However, in Murrah buffaloes, the expression of different proteases increased as the lactation progressed. Most of the proteases showed lower expression during early and peak lactation stages while their expression tends to increase during mid to late lactation stages. The overall trend was somewhat similar in both the dairy species albeit the level of expression was higher in buffalo MSC as compared to cow MSC. The study has provided valuable information on expression kinetics of different proteases in milk somatic cells of two major dairy breeds of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sodhi
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
| | - Manjula Sharma
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
| | - Preeti Verma
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Ashok Mohanty
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
| | - R S Kataria
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
| | | | - Parvesh Kumari
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
| | - Manishi Mukesh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal, India
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Suárez-Vega A, Gutiérrez-Gil B, Toral PG, Frutos P, Loor JJ, Arranz JJ, Hervás G. Elucidating genes and gene networks linked to individual susceptibility to milk fat depression in dairy goats. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1037764. [PMID: 36590804 PMCID: PMC9798324 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1037764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with marine lipids modulates ruminant milk composition toward a healthier fatty acid profile for consumers, but it also causes milk fat depression (MFD). Because the dairy goat industry is mainly oriented toward cheese manufacturing, MFD can elicit economic losses. There is large individual variation in animal susceptibility with goats more (RESPO+) or less (RESPO-) responsive to diet-induced MFD. Thus, we used RNA-Seq to examine gene expression profiles in mammary cells to elucidate mechanisms underlying MFD in goats and individual variation in the extent of diet-induced MFD. Differentially expression analyses (DEA) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of RNA-Seq data were used to study milk somatic cell transcriptome changes in goats consuming a diet supplemented with marine lipids. There were 45 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control (no-MFD, before diet-induced MFD) and MFD, and 18 between RESPO+ and RESPO-. Biological processes and pathways such as "RNA transcription" and "Chromatin modifying enzymes" were downregulated in MFD compared with controls. Regarding susceptibility to diet-induced MFD, we identified the "Triglyceride Biosynthesis" pathway upregulated in RESPO- goats. The WGCNA approach identified 9 significant functional modules related to milk fat production and one module to the fat yield decrease in diet-induced MFD. The onset of MFD in dairy goats is influenced by the downregulation of SREBF1, other transcription factors and chromatin-modifying enzymes. A list of DEGs between RESPO+ and RESPO- goats (e.g., DBI and GPD1), and a co-related gene network linked to the decrease in milk fat (ABCD3, FABP3, and PLIN2) was uncovered. Results suggest that alterations in fatty acid transport may play an important role in determining individual variation. These candidate genes should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroa Suárez-Vega
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gutiérrez-Gil
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Pablo G. Toral
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain
| | - Pilar Frutos
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Juan-José Arranz
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain,*Correspondence: Juan-José Arranz
| | - Gonzalo Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), León, Spain
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Grijalva PC, Most MS, Gibbs RL, Hicks ZM, Lacey TA, Beer HN, Schmidt TB, Petersen JL, Yates DT. Fish oil and dexamethasone administration partially mitigates heat stress-induced changes in circulating leukocytes and metabolic indicators in feedlot wethers. Transl Anim Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo C Grijalva
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Micah S Most
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Rachel L Gibbs
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Zena M Hicks
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Taylor A Lacey
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Haley N Beer
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Ty B Schmidt
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Jessica L Petersen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Dustin T Yates
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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Toral PG, Hervás G, Frutos P. Effect of lipid supplementation on the endogenous synthesis of milk cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid in dairy sheep and goats: A tracer assay with 13C-vaccenic acid. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:255-268. [PMID: 34763909 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A major proportion of milk rumenic acid (RA; cis-9,trans-11 CLA) is synthesized through mammary Δ9-desaturation of vaccenic acid (VA; trans-11 18:1). Diet composition may determine the relative contribution of this endogenous synthesis to milk RA content, with effects that might differ between ruminant species. However, this hypothesis is mostly based on estimated values, proxies of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity, and indirect comparisons between publications in the literature. With the aim of providing new insights into this issue, in vivo Δ9-desaturation of 13C-labeled VA (measured via milk 13C-VA and -RA secretion) was directly compared in sheep and goats fed a diet without lipid supplementation or including 2% of linseed oil. Four Assaf sheep and 4 Murciano-Granadina goats were used in a replicated 2 × 2 crossover design to test the effects of the 2 dietary treatments during 2 consecutive 25-d periods. On d 22 of each period, 500 mg of 13C-VA were i.v. injected to each animal. Dairy performance, milk fatty acid profile, including isotope analysis, and mammary mRNA abundance of genes coding for SCD were examined on d 21 to 25 of each period. Supplementation with linseed oil improved milk fat concentration and increased the content of milk VA and RA. However, the isotopic tracer assay suggested no variation in the relative proportion of VA desaturated to milk RA, and the percentage of this CLA isomer deriving from SCD activity would remain constant regardless of dietary treatment. These results put into question a major effect of lipid supplementation on the endogenous synthesis of milk RA and support that mammary Δ9-desaturation capacity would not represent a limiting factor when designing feeding strategies to increase milk RA content. The lack of diet-induced effects was common to caprines and ovines, but inherent interspecies differences in mammary lipogenesis were found. Thus, the higher proportions of VA desaturation and endogenous synthesis of milk RA in sheep supported a greater SCD activity compared with goats, a finding that was not associated with the similar mRNA abundance of SCD1 in the 2 species. On the other hand, transfer efficiency of the isotopic tracer to milk was 37% higher in caprine than in ovine, suggesting a greater efficiency in mammary fatty acid uptake from plasma in caprine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Toral
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - G Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - P Frutos
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-University of León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain.
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Zhang L, Piao X. Use of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 in diets for sows: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:728-736. [PMID: 34466677 PMCID: PMC8379139 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3), as an alternative source of vitamin D, is becoming increasingly popular due to its commercialization and more efficient absorbability. The addition of 25OHD3 rather than its precursor vitamin D3 can circumvent the 25-hydroxylation reaction in the liver, indicating that supplementation of 25OHD3 can rapidly improve the circulating vitamin D status of animals. Emerging experiments have reported that maternal 25OHD3 supplementation could increase sow performances and birth outcomes and promote circulating vitamin D status of sows and their offspring. Increased milk fat content was observed in many experiments; however, others demonstrated that adding 25OHD3 to lactating sow diets increased the contents of milk protein and lactose. Although an inconsistency between the results of different experiments exists, these studies suggested that maternal 25OHD3 supplementation could alter milk composition via its effects on the mammary gland. Previous studies have demonstrated that adding 25OHD3 to sow diets could improve the mRNA expressions of insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) in the mammary gland cells from milk and increase the mRNA expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACCα) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in the mammary gland tissue. Maternal 25OHD3 supplementation promotes skeletal muscle development of piglets before and after parturition, and improves bone properties including bone density and bone breaking force in lactating sows and their piglets. Interestingly, 25OHD3 supplementation in sow diets could improve neonatal bone development via regulation of milk fatty acid composition related to bone metabolism and mineralization. In this review, we also discuss the effects of adding 25OHD3 to sow diets on the gut bacterial metabolites of suckling piglets, and propose that butyrate production may be associated with bone health. Therefore, to better understand the nutritional functions of maternal 25OHD3 supplementation, this paper reviews advances in the studies of 25OHD3 for sow nutrition and provides references for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Wang K, Chen Y, Zhang D, Wang R, Zhao Z, Feng M, Wei H, Li L, Zhang S. Effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation in maternal diets on reproductive performance and the expression of genes that regulate lactation in sows. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13391. [PMID: 32558027 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
One hundred Yorkshire × Landrace sows were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments (diet ND: 6,000 IU vitamin D3 /d feed; diet 25-D: 200 μg/day 25OHD3 feed). The experiment began on d 90 of gestation and continued until weaning on day 21 of lactation. In sows that received 25OHD3 , the growth rate of the piglets before weaning was significantly accelerated (0.266 kg/day, p < .05). Sow serum was collected after weaning, and those in the 25OHD3 group were found to have significantly higher serum calcium (CA) and phosphorus (PI) levels (p < .05). Interestingly, the oestrus cycle of sows fed 25OHD3 was significantly shortened (p < .05), the oestrus time was concentrated on the fifth day after weaning, and the piglets were born with a higher degree of uniformity (p < .05). Colostrum was collected on the day of delivery, and the colostrum of sows fed 25OHD3 contained higher milk fat content than the control group (p < .05). 25OHD3 supplementation increased the mRNA and protein expression of INSIG1 and SREBP1, which regulate milk fat synthesis, in the mammary gland of lactating sows (p < .05). In conclusion, 25OHD3 supplementation in maternal diets improved reproductive performance, milk fat content and the mRNA and protein levels of genes regulating milk fat synthesis in lactating sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - DeLong Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - RongGen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - ZhiHong Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - MeiYing Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, P.R. China
| | - HengXi Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shouquan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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An Optimized Method of RNA Isolation from Goat Milk Somatic Cells for Transcriptomic Analysis. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2019-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The goat (Capra hircus) is a perfect animal model for analyzing the transcriptome of milk somatic cells (MSCs), as sufficient numbers of somatic cells in goat milk, i.e., exfoliated epithelial cells, can be obtained using noninvasive methods. RNA integrity and purity are the first and most important parameters qualifying samples for transcriptomic tests and next-generation sequencing, as RNA quality influences experimental results. The aim of this study was to optimize a method for obtaining high-quality RNA from goat MSCs, irrespective of effects like breed, lactation stage, health status (e.g., with or without small ruminant lentivirus [SRLV] infection), or number of somatic cells. Milk samples were obtained from goats of two Polish breeds in various lactation stages and in different parities, and from goats infected and not infected with SRLV. Altogether, 412 MSC samples were examined: 206 using method A with fenozol and 206 using method B with QIAzol. Though the overall purity (measured as absorbance ratios at 260 nm/280 nm and 260 nm/230 nm) of the RNA material was comparable, the average yield of RNA isolated using method A was 11.9 µg, while method B’s average yield was 29.9 µg. Moreover, method B resulted in good quality RNA suitable for transcriptome analysis. Results were confirmed by RT-qPCR, using 18S rRNA and RPLP0 as the reference genes. The application of our modified treatment method was successful in obtaining high-integrity samples for transcriptomic or next-generation sequencing analysis. Using a 400 mL milk sample cooled in ice directly after milking, securing the cooling chain process from milking to MSC isolation, and applying method B to isolate RNA, we obtained good RNA quality irrespective of the goats’ breed, lactation stage, parity, milk yield, SRLV infection, and even milk yield and number of somatic cells in milk.
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Irimie AI, Braicu C, Pasca S, Magdo L, Gulei D, Cojocneanu R, Ciocan C, Olariu A, Coza O, Berindan-Neagoe I. Role of Key Micronutrients from Nutrigenetic and Nutrigenomic Perspectives in Cancer Prevention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55060283. [PMID: 31216637 PMCID: PMC6630934 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55060283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regarding cancer as a genetic multi-factorial disease, a number of aspects need to be investigated and analyzed in terms of cancer's predisposition, development and prognosis. One of these multi-dimensional factors, which has gained increased attention in the oncological field due to its unelucidated role in risk assessment for cancer, is diet. Moreover, as studies advance, a clearer connection between diet and the molecular alteration of patients is becoming identifiable and quantifiable, thereby replacing the old general view associating specific phenotypical changes with the differential intake of nutrients. Respectively, there are two major fields concentrated on the interrelation between genome and diet: nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. Nutrigenetics studies the effects of nutrition at the gene level, whereas nutrigenomics studies the effect of nutrients on genome and transcriptome patterns. By precisely evaluating the interaction between the genomic profile of patients and their nutrient intake, it is possible to envision a concept of personalized medicine encompassing nutrition and health care. The list of nutrients that could have an inhibitory effect on cancer development is quite extensive, with evidence in the scientific literature. The administration of these nutrients showed significant results in vitro and in vivo regarding cancer inhibition, although more studies regarding administration in effective doses in actual patients need to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Iulia Irimie
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Materials, Division Dental Propaedeutics, Aesthetic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Sergiu Pasca
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Lorand Magdo
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Diana Gulei
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Roxana Cojocneanu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Cristina Ciocan
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andrei Olariu
- Nordlogic Software, 10-12, Rene Descartes Street 400486 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ovidiu Coza
- Department of Radiotherapy with High Energies and Brachytherapy, Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", Street Republicii, No. 34-36, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Radiotherapy and Medical Oncology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Street Louis Pasteur, No. 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" The Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Yurchenko AA, Deniskova TE, Yudin NS, Dotsev AV, Khamiruev TN, Selionova MI, Egorov SV, Reyer H, Wimmers K, Brem G, Zinovieva NA, Larkin DM. High-density genotyping reveals signatures of selection related to acclimation and economically important traits in 15 local sheep breeds from Russia. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:294. [PMID: 32039702 PMCID: PMC7227232 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Domestication and centuries of selective breeding have changed genomes of sheep breeds to respond to environmental challenges and human needs. The genomes of local breeds, therefore, are valuable sources of genomic variants to be used to understand mechanisms of response to adaptation and artificial selection. As a step toward this we performed a high-density genotyping and comprehensive scans for signatures of selection in the genomes from 15 local sheep breeds reared across Russia. Results Results demonstrated that the genomes of Russian sheep breeds contain multiple regions under putative selection. More than 50% of these regions matched with intervals identified in previous scans for selective sweeps in sheep genomes. These regions contain well-known candidate genes related to morphology, adaptation, and domestication (e.g., KITLG, KIT, MITF, and MC1R), wool quality and quantity (e.g., DSG@, DSC@, and KRT@), growth and feed intake (e.g., HOXA@, HOXC@, LCORL, NCAPG, LAP3, and CCSER1), reproduction (e.g., CMTM6, HTRA1, GNAQ, UBQLN1, and IFT88), and milk-related traits (e.g., ABCG2, SPP1, ACSS1, and ACSS2). In addition, multiple genes that are putatively related to environmental adaptations were top-ranked in selected intervals (e.g., EGFR, HSPH1, NMUR1, EDNRB, PRL, TSHR, and ADAMTS5). Moreover, we observed that multiple key genes involved in human hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies, and genetic disorders accompanied with an inability to feel pain and environmental temperatures, were top-ranked in multiple or individual sheep breeds from Russia pointing to a possible mechanism of adaptation to harsh climatic conditions. Conclusions Our work represents the first comprehensive scan for signatures of selection in genomes of local sheep breeds from the Russian Federation of both European and Asian origins. We confirmed that the genomes of Russian sheep contain previously identified signatures of selection, demonstrating the robustness of our integrative approach. Multiple novel signatures of selection were found near genes which could be related to adaptation to the harsh environments of Russia. Our study forms a basis for future work on using Russian sheep genomes to spot specific genetic variants or haplotypes to be used in efforts on developing next-generation highly productive breeds, better suited to diverse Eurasian environments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5537-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Yurchenko
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana E Deniskova
- L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Podolsk, 142132, Russia
| | - Nikolay S Yudin
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Arsen V Dotsev
- L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Podolsk, 142132, Russia
| | - Timur N Khamiruev
- Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Eastern Siberia, The Branch of the Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chita, Russia
| | - Marina I Selionova
- All-Russian Research Institute of Sheep and Goat Breeding - branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution North Caucasian Agrarian Center, Stavropol, 355017, Russia
| | - Sergey V Egorov
- Siberian Research Institute of Animal Husbandry, Krasnoobsk, Russia
| | - Henry Reyer
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Gottfried Brem
- L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Podolsk, 142132, Russia.,Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalia A Zinovieva
- L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Podolsk, 142132, Russia.
| | - Denis M Larkin
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia. .,Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK.
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Lamas A, Regal P, Vázquez B, Miranda JM, Cepeda A, Franco CM. Tracing recombinant bovine somatotropin ab(use) through transcriptomics: the potential of bovine somatic cells in a multi-dose longitudinal study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4788. [PMID: 30886250 PMCID: PMC6423037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the European Union, the use of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) in dairy cattle is forbidden. Monitoring rbST (ab)use by its direct detection in animal matrices still remains a challenging task. New monitoring methods based on indirect detection of the substance are necessary. A new transcriptomic system based on the use of high-throughput real-time PCR in combination with somatic cells was developed to control rbST administration in dairy animals. A total of nine cows, separated into control and rbST-treated groups, were included in the study. A subcutaneous injection containing 500 mg of rbST was administered to the treated group every 14 days, up to a total of 12 doses. Milk somatic cells (MSCs) were sampled from each animal at different time points throughout 8 months of study. It was possible to obtain the transcriptomic profile of 18 genes in MSCs of rbST-treated and control groups, and using univariate and multivariate statistical analysis control and treated animals were discriminated. The transcription of CCND1, IGF-1R, TNF and IL-1β genes resulted strongly influenced by rbST treatment. The combination of MSCs, transcriptomic tools and statistical analysis has allowed the selection of four genes as potential biomarkers that could be used in a transcriptomic panel for monitoring rbST administration in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lamas
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos. Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Patricia Regal
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos. Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos. Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - José Manuel Miranda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos. Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos. Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos Manuel Franco
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos. Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
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15
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Gelsolin expression in sheep milk somatic cells during lactation. Animal 2019; 13:2297-2304. [PMID: 30837031 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of genes involved in phenotypes related to milk quality is important for both economic and health aspects in livestock production. The aim of this study was to assess the level of gelsolin gene expression in two breeds of dairy sheep - Sarda and Gentile - with pronounced differences in quantitative and qualitative milk traits. Gelsolin, a type of actin-modulating proteins is involved in the processes of actin remodeling during cell growth and apoptosis; therefore a role of this protein in mammary changes during lactation was here hypothesized. Individual milk samples were collected three times during lactation from 26 ewes of the two breeds. The differential gene expression of gelsolin in the two breeds and the three lactation times was estimated by quantitative PCR on RNA extracted from milk somatic cells. Correlations of gelsolin gene expression with milk yield and quality and days of lactation were also estimated. The results showed that gelsolin gene expression was significantly higher in the Sarda compared to the Gentile at each lactation stage, in agreement with the longer lactation duration and the higher daily milk yield of the first breed. Significant correlations of gelsolin gene expression were found with milk fat content in Sarda breed (-0.46, P<0.05). Gelsolin expression analysis confirmed the link between gelsolin gene function and milk fat content of sheep.
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16
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Lamas A, Regal P, Vazquez B, Miranda JM, Cepeda A, Franco CM. Tracing Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin Ab(Use) Through Gene Expression in Blood, Hair Follicles, and Milk Somatic Cells: A Matrix Comparison. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071708. [PMID: 30011805 PMCID: PMC6100413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) in dairy cattle is forbidden in the European Union. Due to the very low circulating concentration of rbST in treated animals, its direct detection is still a challenge. Therefore, the use of indirect methods to detect the ab(use) of rbST in dairy cattle appears as a good alternative. In the past few years, gene expression demonstrated its utility in screening the use of illicit substances in both humans and animals. In this study, a comparison of three types of matrices (milk somatic cells, blood, and hair follicles) was carried out to evaluate their potential use for routine control of rbST using 15 gene-expression profiles. A total of six rbST-treated cows and three control cows were included in the study. A subcutaneous injection containing 500 mg of rbST was administered to the treated group. Samples of the three matrices were collected before rbST administration, and at three and nine days after treatment. The quality of RNA extracted was higher in the blood and hair-follicle samples than in the milk somatic cells. In the three matrices, there were significant differences in the expression of some genes, with milk somatic cells and blood presenting the the best matrices. On this note, the cyclin D1 (CCND1), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) genes showed potential as biomarkers of rbST treatment. Therefore, blood, somatic cells, and follicle hair should be considered as promising sources of RNA, and can be used in gene-expression assays to routinely control the illicit use of rbST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lamas
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Dpto. de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Patricia Regal
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Dpto. de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Vazquez
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Dpto. de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Miranda
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Dpto. de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Dpto. de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Carlos Manuel Franco
- Laboratorio de Higiene, Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Dpto. de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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17
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Frutos P, Toral P, Hervás G. Individual variation of the extent of milk fat depression in dairy ewes fed fish oil: Milk fatty acid profile and mRNA abundance of candidate genes involved in mammary lipogenesis. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:9611-9622. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Osorio JS, Vailati-Riboni M, Palladino A, Luo J, Loor JJ. Application of nutrigenomics in small ruminants: Lactation, growth, and beyond. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Suárez-Vega A, Toral PG, Gutiérrez-Gil B, Hervás G, Arranz JJ, Frutos P. Elucidating fish oil-induced milk fat depression in dairy sheep: Milk somatic cell transcriptome analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45905. [PMID: 28378756 PMCID: PMC5381099 DOI: 10.1038/srep45905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, RNA sequencing was used to obtain a comprehensive profile of the transcriptomic changes occurring in the mammary gland of lactating sheep suffering from fish oil-induced milk fat depression (FO-MFD). The milk somatic cell transcriptome analysis of four control and four FO-MFD ewes generated an average of 42 million paired-end reads per sample. In both conditions, less than 220 genes constitute approximately 89% of the total counts. These genes, which are considered as core genes, were mainly involved in cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins and electron transport chain pathways. In total, 117 genes were upregulated, and 96 genes were downregulated in FO-MFD samples. Functional analysis of the latter indicated a downregulation of genes involved in the SREBP signaling pathway (e.g., ACACA, ACSL, and ACSS) and Gene Ontology terms related to lipid metabolism and lipid biosynthetic processes. Integrated interpretation of upregulated genes indicated enrichment in genes encoding plasma membrane proteins and proteins regulating protein kinase activity. Overall, our results indicate that FO-MFD is associated with the downregulation of key genes involved in the mammary lipogenesis process. In addition, the results also suggest that this syndrome may be related to upregulation of other genes implicated in signal transduction and codification of transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroa Suárez-Vega
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León 24071, Spain
| | - Pablo G. Toral
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Finca Marzanas s/n, Grulleros 24346, León, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gutiérrez-Gil
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León 24071, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Finca Marzanas s/n, Grulleros 24346, León, Spain
| | - Juan José Arranz
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, León 24071, Spain
| | - Pilar Frutos
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), Finca Marzanas s/n, Grulleros 24346, León, Spain
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Toral PG, Hervás G, Belenguer A, Carreño D, Frutos P. mRNA abundance of genes involved in mammary lipogenesis during fish oil- or trans-10,cis-12 CLA-induced milk fat depression in dairy ewes. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:3182-3192. [PMID: 28131578 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Milk fat depression (MFD) caused by trans-10,cis-12 18:2 is known to be mediated in cows and ewes by downregulation of mammary lipogenic genes. However, transcriptional mechanisms underlying marine lipid-induced MFD have not been well defined yet and the few available studies in ovine are not consistent. This trial was conducted to directly compare changes in animal performance, milk fatty acid composition, and particularly mammary mRNA abundance of candidate lipogenic genes and transcription factors in response to the inclusion of fish oil or trans-10,cis-12 18:2 in the dairy sheep diet. To meet this objective, 12 lactating Assaf ewes (on average, 64 days in milk, producing 1.72 kg of milk/d with 5.17% of fat) were divided into 3 groups and offered a total mixed ration without supplementation (control) or supplemented with 2.4% dry matter of fish oil (FO treatment) or 1% dry matter of a commercial product rich in trans-10,cis-12 18:2 (CLA treatment) for 39 d. Measurements and samplings were conducted before starting the treatments and at the end of the trial. Milk samples were used for RNA extraction from somatic cells. Feed intake was not affected by lipid supplements, and as designed, reductions in milk fat concentration (-31%) were similar in the 2 treatments, although the unpredicted increase in milk production with FO counteracted the anticipated reduction in milk fat yield. Nevertheless, this did not preclude the detection of FO-induced decreases in the mRNA abundance of candidate lipogenic genes [e.g., acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and lipin 1 (LPIN1)], thus supporting the hypothesis that transcriptional regulation would be a relevant component of this type of MFD in sheep. Expected CLA-induced downregulation of some genes, such as FASN or sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), could not be detected in our samples, which might be related, at least in part, to high inter-individual variation and relatively advanced lactation stage (on average 102-103 d in milk on d 38 and 39). Overall, direct comparison of the effects of dietary FO and CLA on transcript abundance of candidate lipogenic genes and transcription factors suggest that there might be relevant differences in the transcriptional control mechanisms underlying the MFD induced by each kind of supplement (i.e., fish oil or CLA).
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Toral
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - G Hervás
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain.
| | - A Belenguer
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - D Carreño
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
| | - P Frutos
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, León, Spain
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