1
|
Wang L, Ma N, Zhang Y, Wang T, Liu L, Qian W. Real-time monitoring of peptic and tryptic digestions of immunoglobulin G and the impact of dietary hydrocolloids on digestion. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134649. [PMID: 39128763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) exhibits potent antiviral, antibacterial, and immunological activities. The digestion process and bioavailability of IgG are often a concern. Dietary hydrocolloids are crucial for regulating healthy digestion and the bioavailability of protein as functional components. Understanding the effects of dietary hydrocolloids on the digestive kinetics of IgG is requisite. Herein, the pepsin and trypsin digestion of IgG was investigated using ordered porous layer interferometry (OPLI). The real-time variation in the interference spectral shift reflected by OPLI can be converted into changes in the optical thickness (OT) to obtain a degradation kinetics curve. The impact of dietary hydrocolloids, including alginic acid sodium salt (ALG), polydextrose (PD), and konjac glucomannan (KG), on IgG degradation was evaluated using OPLI. The results demonstrated that ALG significantly inhibited the degradation of IgG by pepsin under acidic conditions, whereas the addition of PD increased the Michaelis-Menten constant for IgG degradation by trypsin. Notably, this dependence is not based on the hydrocolloid viscosity, but relies more on the electrical properties. The study enhances our understanding of how hydrocolloids affect IgG digestion and could provide valuable insights into preserving IgG activity and facilitating the development of oral drugs or health products related to IgG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Tianze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Weiping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; OPLI (Suzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, New District, Suzhou 215163, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Du C, Gong H, Zhao H, Wang P. Recent progress in the preparation of bioactive peptides using simulated gastrointestinal digestion processes. Food Chem 2024; 453:139587. [PMID: 38781909 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides (BAPs) represent a unique class of peptides known for their extensive physiological functions and their role in enhancing human health. In recent decades, owing to their notable biological attributes such as antioxidant, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities, BAPs have received considerable attention. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGD) is a technique designed to mimic physiological conditions by adjusting factors such as digestive enzymes and their concentrations, pH levels, digestion duration, and salt content. Initially established for analyzing the gastrointestinal processing of foods or their constituents, SGD has recently become a preferred method for generating BAPs. The BAPs produced via SGD often exhibit superior biological activity and stability compared with those of BAPs prepared via other methods. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the recent advancements in BAP production from foods via SGD, addressing the challenges of the method and outlining prospective directions for further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Du
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, Shandong Province 264025, PR China; BioNanotechnology Institute, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai Shandong Province 264025, PR China; Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanoscience and Technology for Prepared Food, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, Shandong Province 264025, PR China; Yantai Engineering Research Center of Green Food Processing and Quality Control, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, Shandong Province 264025, PR China
| | - Hansheng Gong
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, Shandong Province 264025, PR China; Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanoscience and Technology for Prepared Food, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, Shandong Province 264025, PR China; Yantai Engineering Research Center of Green Food Processing and Quality Control, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, Shandong Province 264025, PR China
| | - Huawei Zhao
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, Shandong Province 264025, PR China; BioNanotechnology Institute, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai Shandong Province 264025, PR China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu H, Zhang H, Chen Y, Zhang W, Su T, Wang J, Yin Z, Zhao X, Zhou X, Li L, Zou Y, Zhang Y, Song X. The growth-promoting effect of water extract of Chuanminshen violaceum stem and leaf on broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104235. [PMID: 39241612 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, developing nonantibiotic growth promoters is a broad consensus in broiler industry, which is one of the effective ways to reduce drug-resistant strains. Chuanminshen violaceum is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb that is commonly used for its roots, while the stems and leaves are often discarded, resulting in a huge amount of waste. This study optimized the preparation process of water extract of Chuanminshen violaceum stems and leaves (CVSLE) by response surface analysis based on the yields of polysaccharide and protein. The CVSLE and herbal powder (CVSL) were then processed into granules before being used as feed additives. The Macleaya cordata powder was used as positive control. The results showed that the addition of CVSLE (0.5% of the feed) showed the highest growth-promoting activity than other CVSLE groups (0.2% and 1%), 1% CVSL group and positive control (0.05%). CVSLE at the dosage of 0.5% could significantly increase the ADG and reduce the FCR from d 21 to 42, d 0 to 42. The HI antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus and avian influenza virus were significantly enhanced at 21, 28 and 42 d. CVSLE did not affect the slaughtering performances, but could significantly elevate the spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius indices and the transcriptional levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ in spleen. The intestinal barrier function of broilers was significantly enhanced by increased levels of immune barrier (sIgA), physical barrier (ZO-1, OCL and Muc-2) and flora barrier (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium). These results suggest that CVSLE was a promising herbal additive candidate for broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Liu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yaqin Chen
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenrui Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tianli Su
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinhong Zhao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luz ABS, de Medeiros AF, de Medeiros GCBS, Piuvezam G, Passos TS, Morais AHDA. Experimental Protocols Used to Mimic Gastrointestinal Protein Digestion: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2398. [PMID: 39125281 PMCID: PMC11314321 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides derived from native proteins modulate physiological processes in the metabolic pathways. Given that multiple protocols in the literature mimic the digestion of dietary components, gathering studies that use such models directed at protein digestion processes is critical. This systematic review aimed to gather evidence that adopted adequate experimental models to simulate human protein digestion. The databases searched were PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Embase, Virtual Health Library, and Scopus. A total of 1985 articles were found, resulting in 20 eligible in vitro studies. The Office of Health Assessment and Translation was used to evaluate methodological quality. Seven studies used plant-based protein sources, twelve used animal protein sources, and one used both. The duration of the oral phase varied, although 60% of the studies employed a protein digestion period of 120 min. Amylase, pepsin, and pancreatin enzymes were utilized in 40% of the studies, with pH levels of 7, 3, and 7, respectively, during the oral, gastric, and intestinal phases. The INFOGEST harmonized static model was adopted by 65% of the studies; INFOGEST is the most effective model for simulating gastrointestinal protein processes in humans and can be used to answer several research questions because it describes experimental conditions close to the human physiological situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Beatriz Santana Luz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, RN, Brazil; (A.B.S.L.); (A.F.d.M.)
- Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Santo Antônio de Jesus 44430-622, BA, Brazil
| | - Amanda Fernandes de Medeiros
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, RN, Brazil; (A.B.S.L.); (A.F.d.M.)
| | - Gidyenne Christine Bandeira Silva de Medeiros
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil; (G.C.B.S.d.M.); (T.S.P.)
- Public Health Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Grasiela Piuvezam
- Public Health Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
- Department of Public Health, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Thaís Souza Passos
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil; (G.C.B.S.d.M.); (T.S.P.)
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Ana Heloneida de Araújo Morais
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59064-741, RN, Brazil; (A.B.S.L.); (A.F.d.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil; (G.C.B.S.d.M.); (T.S.P.)
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu S, Jiang P, Zhang X, Mao C, Dai Y, Zhuang H, Pang Y. Understanding the Transepithelial Transport and Transbilayer Diffusion of the Antihypertensive Peptide Asn-Cys-Trp: Insights from Caco-2 Cell Monolayers and the DPPC Model Membrane. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:9828-9841. [PMID: 38639269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the transport mechanism of the peptide Asn-Cys-Trp (NCW) is crucial to improving its intestinal absorption and bioavailability. This study investigated the absorption of NCW through Caco-2 cell monolayers and its interaction with the DPPC bilayers. Results revealed that after a 3 h incubation, the Papp (AP-BL) and Papp (BL-AP) values of NCW at a concentration of 5 mmol/L were (22.24 ± 4.52) × 10-7 and (6.63 ± 2.31) × 10-7 cm/s, respectively, with the transport rates of 1.59 ± 0.32 and 0.62 ± 0.20%, indicating its moderate absorption. NCW was found to be transported via PepT1 and paracellular transport pathways, as evidenced by the significant impact of Gly-Pro and cytochalasin D on the Papp values. Moreover, NCW upregulated ZO-1 mRNA expression. Further investigation of the ZO-1-mediated interaction between NCW and tight junction proteins will contribute to a better understanding of the paracellular transport mechanism of NCW. The interaction between NCW and the DPPC bilayers was predominantly driven by entropy. NCW permeated the bilayers through electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interactions, resulting in increased fluidity, flexibility, and disorder as well as phase transition and phase separation of the bilayers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| | - Chen Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| | - Yaxi Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhuang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| | - Yong Pang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
López-Villafaña BP, Rojas-González S, Elías-Román RD, Rodríguez-Hernández G. The evolution of antioxidative properties of protein-derived peptides of Mexican Panela goat and cow milk cheese during its shelf life. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2022.2152100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Servando Rojas-González
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Division of Life Science, University of Guanajuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Rubén Damián Elías-Román
- Department of Agronomy, Division of Life Science, University of Guanajuato, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sánchez-Terrón G, Martínez R, Ruiz J, Luna C, Estévez M. Impact of Sustained Fructose Consumption on Gastrointestinal Function and Health in Wistar Rats: Glycoxidative Stress, Impaired Protein Digestion, and Shifted Fecal Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16270-16285. [PMID: 37859404 PMCID: PMC10623553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the target of assorted pathological conditions, and dietary components are known to affect its functionality and health. In previous in vitro studies, we observed that reducing sugars induced protein glycoxidation and impaired protein digestibility. To gain further insights into the pathophysiological effects of dietary sugars, Wistar rats were provided with a 30% (w/v) fructose water solution for 10 weeks. Upon slaughter, in vivo protein digestibility was assessed, and the entire GIT (digests and tissues) was analyzed for markers of oxidative stress and untargeted metabolomics. Additionally, the impact of sustained fructose intake on colonic microbiota was also evaluated. High fructose intake for 10 weeks decreased protein digestibility and promoted changes in the physiological digestion of proteins, enhancing intestinal digestion rather than stomach digestion. Moreover, at colonic stages, the oxidative stress was harmfully increased, and both the microbiota and the intraluminal colonic metabolome were modified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Sánchez-Terrón
- TECAL Research Group, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute (IPROCAR), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Cáceres 10003, Spain
| | - Remigio Martínez
- TECAL Research Group, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute (IPROCAR), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Cáceres 10003, Spain
- Animal Health Department, Universidad of Extremadura (UEX), Cáceres 10003, Spain
- Animal Health Department, GISAZ Research Group, ENZOEM Competitive Research Unit, Universidad of Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba 14014, Spain
| | - Jorge Ruiz
- TECAL Research Group, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute (IPROCAR), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Cáceres 10003, Spain
| | - Carolina Luna
- Emergency Unit, Servicio Extremeño de Salud, SES, Junta de Extremadura, Cáceres 10003, Spain
| | - Mario Estévez
- TECAL Research Group, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute (IPROCAR), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Cáceres 10003, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cheng L, Tanaka M, Yoshino A, Nagasato Y, Takata F, Dohgu S, Matsui T. A memory-improving dipeptide, Tyr-Pro, can reach the mouse brain after oral administration. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16908. [PMID: 37805661 PMCID: PMC10560274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The transport and accumulation of orally administered functional food-derived peptides in the brain was not fully explored. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to provide critical evidence regarding brain accumulation of a memory-improving soy dipeptide, Tyr-Pro, following oral administration. Stable isotope-labeled Tyr-Pro (Tyr-[13C5,15N]Pro) was orally administered to male ICR mice at 10 or 100 mg/kg. Surprisingly, the intact labeled Tyr-Pro exhibited maximal plasma and brain levels 15 min after administration (plasma: area under the curve [AUC0-120 min], 1331 ± 267 pmol·min/mL-plasma; brain: AUC0-120 min of 0.34 ± 0.11 pmol·min/mg-dry brain, at 10 mg/kg). In addition, we detected labeled Tyr-Pro in the brain parenchyma, indicating a validated blood-brain-barrier (BBB) transportability. Moreover, we confirmed the preferable accumulation of Tyr-Pro in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and cortex with > 0.02 pmol/mg-tissue. In conclusion, we provided the first evidence that orally administered Tyr-Pro at 10 mg/kg directly entered the blood circulation with an absorption ratio of 0.15%, of which 2.5% of Tyr-Pro was transported from the plasma to the mouse brain parenchyma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Cheng
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Tanaka
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Atsuko Yoshino
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagasato
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiro Matsui
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nielsen SDH, Liang N, Rathish H, Kim BJ, Lueangsakulthai J, Koh J, Qu Y, Schulz HJ, Dallas DC. Bioactive milk peptides: an updated comprehensive overview and database. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37504497 PMCID: PMC10822030 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2240396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Partial digestion of milk proteins leads to the formation of numerous bioactive peptides. Previously, our research team thoroughly examined the decades of existing literature on milk bioactive peptides across species to construct the milk bioactive peptide database (MBPDB). Herein, we provide a comprehensive update to the data within the MBPDB and a review of the current state of research for each functional category from in vitro to animal and clinical studies, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV inhibitory, opioid, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, calcium absorption and bone health and anticancer activity. This information will help drive future research on the bioactivities of milk peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ningjian Liang
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Harith Rathish
- Department of Computer Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bum Jin Kim
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Jeewon Koh
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Yunyao Qu
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Hans-Jörg Schulz
- Department of Computer Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David C. Dallas
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pinho SCM, Faria MA, Alves R, Cabrita ARJ, Fonseca AJM, M P L V O Ferreira I. Gastric epithelial response to milk fat using the semi-dynamic INFOGEST digestion model coupled with NCI-N87 cells. Food Res Int 2023; 166:112576. [PMID: 36914314 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The stomach is a relevant spot of lipolysis for milk fat, but research on the effect of digested milk fat in the gastric epithelium is scarce and difficult to evaluate. In the present study, we implemented the semi-dynamic in vitro digestion model of INFOGEST, combined with gastric NCI-N87 cells, to study the effect of fat-free, whole conventional, and whole pasture-based milk on gastric epithelium. Cellular messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of membrane fatty acids receptors (GPR41, GPR84), antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPX), and inflammatory molecules (NF-κB p65, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) was assessed. No significant differences were observed in mRNA expression of GPR41, GPR84, SOD, GPX, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, after exposure of the NCI-N87 cells to milk digesta samples (p > 0.05). An increase of CAT mRNA expression was observed (p < 0.05), at a similar level, for all milk types. Whole milk digested samples induced higher mRNA expression of NF-κB p65 and IL-1β than fat-free milk (p < 0.05); while no differences were observed between whole conventional and whole pasture-based milk (p > 0.05). Moreover, the effect of milk digesta on gastric mRNA expression was studied in a scenario of subsequent stimulation of NCI-N87 monolayer with the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ. In these conditions, milk digesta samples increased CAT mRNA expression (p < 0.05), but had no effect in the expression of NF-κB p65 and IL-1β (p > 0.05). The increase of CAT mRNA expression suggests that milk fatty acids are used for energy production by gastric epithelial cells. Cellular antioxidant response to higher milk fatty acids availability could be associated to gastric epithelial inflammation, but did not contribute to increased inflammation in case of an external contact with IFN-γ. Besides, a conventional or a pasture-based origin did not affect the impact of whole milk in the NCI-N87 monolayer. The combined model responded to differences in milk fat content, which indicates its usefulness to study effects of foods at the gastric level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana C M Pinho
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Food Science and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; LAQV/REQUIMTE, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo, Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Faria
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Food Science and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Alves
- SORGAL, Sociedade de Óleos e Rações S.A., Estrada Nacional 109, Lugar da Pardala, 3880-728 S. João Ovar, Portugal
| | - Ana R J Cabrita
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo, Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - António J M Fonseca
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo, Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel M P L V O Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Laboratory of Food Science and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yeon Cho H, Lee JE, Hoon Lee J, Uk Ahn D, Paik HD. The immune-enhancing activity of egg white ovalbumin hydrolysate prepared with papain via MAPK signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
|
12
|
Costa RODA, Passos TS, Silva EMDS, dos Santos NCS, Morais AHDA. Encapsulated Peptides and Proteins with an Effect on Satiety. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1166. [PMID: 37049259 PMCID: PMC10097199 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The world scenario has undergone a nutritional transition in which some countries have left the reality of malnutrition and now face an epidemic of excess body weight. Researchers have been looking for strategies to reverse this situation. Peptides and proteins stand out as promising molecules with anti-obesity action. However, oral administration and passage through the gastrointestinal tract face numerous physiological barriers that impair their bioactive function. Encapsulation aims to protect the active substance and modify the action, one possibility of potentiating anti-obesity activity. Research with encapsulated peptides and proteins has demonstrated improved stability, delivery, controlled release, and increased bioactivity. However, it is necessary to explore how proteins and peptides affect weight loss and satiety, can impact the nutritional status of obesity, and how encapsulation can enhance the bioactive effects of these molecules. This integrative review aimed to discuss how the encapsulation of protein molecules impacts the nutritional status of obesity. From the studies selected following pre-established criteria, it was possible to infer that the encapsulation of proteins and peptides can contribute to greater efficiency in reducing weight gain, changes in adipose tissue function, and lower hormone levels that modulate appetite and body weight in animals with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael O. de A. Costa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Thaís S. Passos
- Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | - Eloyse Mikaelly de S. Silva
- Nutrition Course, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Heloneida de A. Morais
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Postgraduate Program, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
- Nutrition Course, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Álvarez-Olguín MA, Beltrán-Barrientos LM, Hernandez-Mendoza A, González-Córdova AF, Vallejo-Cordoba B. Current trends and perspectives on bioaccessibility and bioavailability of food bioactive peptides: in vitro and ex vivo studies. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:6824-6834. [PMID: 35716022 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The bioaccessibility and bioavailability of food-derived bioactive compounds are important issues when assessing their in vivo physiological health-promoting effects. Food components such as proteins and peptides are exposed to different proteases and peptidases during gastrointestinal digestion and absorption. Different in vitro approaches have therefore been developed to evaluate the bioaccessibility and stability of bioactive peptides. The static simulated gastrointestinal digestion model (SGD) was widely reported to assess the bioaccessibility of bioactive peptides. On the other hand, although the dynamic SGD model may better simulate human digestion, it has rarely been explored in bioaccessibility studies of food bioactive peptides due to its high cost and lack of standardization. For bioavailability studies, the Caco-2 cell monolayer model has been used extensively for the assessment of food bioactive peptides. In fact, very few reports using alternative methods for determining transepithelial transport of bioactive peptides have been employed. In this sense, ex vivo tissue-based models such as the Ussing chamber and the everted sac gut have been used. Current evidence supports the fact that using SGD with cell-based models for evaluating the bioaccessibility, absorption, and bioavailability of food-derived bioactive peptides, is the most commonly used approach. Nevertheless, SGD with ex vivo tissue-based models such as the everted sac, remains to be further explored because it seems to be the model that better mimics the physiological process - it is also fast and inexpensive, and several compounds may be tested simultaneously. In the present review, we discuss information available on the different in vitro approaches for the determination of bioaccessibility and bioavailability of food-derived bioactive peptides with special emphasis on ex vivo tissue-based models such as the everted sac and the Ussing chamber models. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Álvarez-Olguín
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Lilia M Beltrán-Barrientos
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Adrian Hernandez-Mendoza
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Aarón F González-Córdova
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | - Belinda Vallejo-Cordoba
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Hermosillo, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Advances in analytical techniques coupled to in vitro bioassays in the search for new peptides with functional activity in effect-directed analysis. Food Chem 2022; 397:133784. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
15
|
Darewicz M, Pliszka M, Borawska-Dziadkiewicz J, Minkiewicz P, Iwaniak A. Multi-Bioactivity of Protein Digests and Peptides from Oat ( Avena sativa L.) Kernels in the Prevention of the Cardiometabolic Syndrome. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227907. [PMID: 36432008 PMCID: PMC9695537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the digests and peptides derived from oat kernel proteins in terms of their major enzyme inhibitory activities related to the prevention of cardiometabolic syndrome. It also entailed the characteristics of antioxidant bioactivity of the analyzed material. The study was carried out using coupled in silico and in vitro methods. The additional goal was to investigate whether identified peptides can pervade Caco-2 cells. Based on the results of bioinformatic analysis, it was found that the selected oat proteins may be a potential source of 107 peptides with DPP-IV and/or ACE inhibitory and/or antioxidant activity. The duodenal digest of oat kernels revealed multiple activities. It inhibited the activities of the following enzymes: DPP-IV (IC50 = 0.51 vs. 10.82 mg/mL of the intact protein), α-glucosidase (IC50 = 1.55 vs. 25.20 mg/mL), and ACE (IC50 = 0.82 vs. 34.52 mg/mL). The DPPH• scavenging activity was 35.7% vs. 7.93% that of the intact protein. After in silico digestion of oat proteins, 24 peptides were selected for identification using LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Among them, 13 sequences were successfully identified. One of them, i.e., VW peptide, exhibited triple activities, i.e., DPP-IV and ACE inhibitory and DPPH• scavenging activity. The multifunctional peptides: PW, TF, VF, and VW, were identified in the basolateral samples after transport experiments. Both in silico and in vitro analyses demonstrated that oat kernel proteins were the abundant sources of bioactive digests and peptides to be used in a diet for patients suffering from cardiometabolic syndrome.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu S, Zhuang H, Yan H, Mao C, Wang B, Zhou G, Tian G. Mechanism of interactions between tripeptide NCW on cellular membrane using molecular dynamic simulation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1066873. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1066873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripeptide NCW identified in Mizuhopecten yessoensis has been shown to possess in vivo antihypertensive effect. However, the poor understanding of the absorption of NCW across the membrane limits its application. In this study, we have investigated the interaction of NCW with DPPC membrane via 400 ns all-atom molecular dynamic simulation using GROMACS software. The structural variations of NCW during absorption, the location and distribution of NCW in the membrane, and the effect of NCW on the properties of membranes during simulation were analyzed to understand the dynamic behavior of NCW in DPPC membrane system. The results suggested that the structures of NCW were stable during simulation. Further, NCW could bind on the surface of the DPPC membrane and enter the hydrophobic interior of the DPPC membrane. Residue Try played an important role in the absorption of NCW across the membrane. Hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions stabilized the interaction of NCW with the membrane. All the above studies analyzed the interaction mechanism between NCW and DPPC membranes at the atomic level and laid the foundation for further transmembrane studies of NCW.
Collapse
|
17
|
Technological role and metabolic profile of two probiotic EPS-producing strains with potential application in yoghurt: impact on rheology and release of bioactive peptides. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
18
|
Castellone V, Prandi B, Bancalari E, Tedeschi T, Gatti M, Bottari B. Peptide profile of Parmigiano Reggiano cheese after simulated gastrointestinal digestion: From quality drivers to functional compounds. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:966239. [PMID: 36081785 PMCID: PMC9445588 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.966239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Time of ripening has a strong impact on shaping the valuable and recognizable characteristics of long-ripened types of cheese such as Parmigiano Reggiano (PR) due to the interrelationship between microbiota and proteolysis that occurs during ripening. The derived peptide profile is linked to cheese quality and represents the canvas for enzymes upon digestion, which could be responsible for the release of potentially bioactive peptides (BPs). In this study, we aimed at investigating the presence of BP in 72 PR cheese samples of different ripening times, from curd to 24 months of ripening, produced in six different dairies, and following their fate after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. A small number of peptide sequences sharing 100% similarity with known antimicrobial, antioxidant, and ACE-inhibitor sequences were found in PR cheeses, while a higher number of potential BPs were found after their simulated gastrointestinal digestion, in different amounts according to ripening time. Taking advantage of the complex organization of the sampling plan, we were able to follow the fate of peptides considered quality drivers during cheese ripening to their release as functional compounds upon digestion.
Collapse
|
19
|
Parodi J, Herrera H, Sanchez R, Ekie B. A low-cost system for the study of proteins used in salmonid diets, use of proteolysis to determine the quality. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
20
|
Ewert J, Eisele T, Stressler T. Enzymatic production and analysis of antioxidative protein hydrolysates. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
21
|
Ji H, Zhao W, Yu Z, Wu S. Mechanism of interactions between egg protein–derived tri‐peptides and cellular membrane by molecular dynamic simulation and isothermal titration calorimetry. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huizhuo Ji
- School of Food Science and Engineering Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
- College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai University Jinzhou 121013 China
| | - Wenzhu Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
| | - Sijia Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Bohai University Jinzhou 121013 China
- Lab of Nutrition and Functional Food Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sundaram TS, Giromini C, Rebucci R, Pistl J, Bhide M, Baldi A. Role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, citrus pectin, and milk-derived exosomes on intestinal barrier integrity and immunity in animals. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:40. [PMID: 35399093 PMCID: PMC8996583 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of livestock and poultry is prone to challenge by feedborne antigens, pathogens, and other stress factors in the farm environment. Excessive physiological inflammation and oxidative stress that arises firstly disrupts the intestinal epithelial barrier followed by other components of the gastrointestinal tract. In the present review, the interrelationship between intestinal barrier inflammation and oxidative stress that contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease was described. Further, the role of naturally existing immunomodulatory nutrients such as the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, citrus pectin, and milk-derived exosomes in preventing intestinal barrier inflammation was discussed. Based on the existing evidence, the possible molecular mechanism of these bioactive nutrients in the intestinal barrier was outlined for application in animal diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamil Selvi Sundaram
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134, Milan, Italy.
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 68/73, 04181, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Carlotta Giromini
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Rebucci
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134, Milan, Italy
| | - Juraj Pistl
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 68/73, 04181, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mangesh Bhide
- University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 68/73, 04181, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Antonella Baldi
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Conventional and in silico approaches to select promising food-derived bioactive peptides: A review. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100183. [PMID: 35499000 PMCID: PMC9039911 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweed and edible insects are considered new sources of bioactive peptides. Conventional approaches are necessary to validate the bioactivity of peptides. Bioinformatics tools accelerate the obtaining of bioactive peptides. The integrated approach is a promising strategy to obtain bioactive peptides.
The interest for food-derived bioactive peptides, either from common or unconventional sources, has increased due to their potential therapeutic effect against a wide range of diseases. The study of such bioactive peptides using conventional methods is a long journey, expensive and time-consuming. Hence, bioinformatic approaches, which can not only help to predict the formation of bioactive peptides from any known protein source, but also to analyze the protein structure/function relationship, have gained a new meaning in this scientific field. Therefore, this review aims to provides an overview of conventional characterization methods and the most recent advances in the field of in silico approaches for predicting and screening promising food-derived bioactive peptides.
Collapse
|
24
|
Rodríguez-Romero JDJ, Durán-Castañeda AC, Cárdenas-Castro AP, Sánchez-Burgos JA, Zamora-Gasga VM, Sáyago-Ayerdi SG. What we know about protein gut metabolites: Implications and insights for human health and diseases. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100195. [PMID: 35499004 PMCID: PMC9039920 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem of symbiotic bacteria that contribute to human metabolism and supply intestinal metabolites, whose production is mainly influenced by the diet. Dietary patterns characterized by a high intake of protein promotes the growth of proteolytic bacteria's, which produce metabolites from undigested protein fermentation. Microbioal protein metabolites can regulate immune, metabolic and neuronal responses in different target organs. Metabolic pathways of these compounds and their mechanisms of action on different pathologies can lead to the discovery of new diagnostic techniques, drugs and the potential use as functional ingredients in food. This review discusses the potential mechanisms by which amino acid catabolism is involved in microbial protein metabolites. In addition, results from several studies on the association of products from the intestinal metabolism of indigestible proteins and the state of health or disease of the host are revised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José de Jesús Rodríguez-Romero
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, División de Estudios de Posgrado, Av. Tecnológico No 2595, Col. Lagos del Country CP 63175, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Alba Cecilia Durán-Castañeda
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, División de Estudios de Posgrado, Av. Tecnológico No 2595, Col. Lagos del Country CP 63175, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Alicia Paulina Cárdenas-Castro
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, División de Estudios de Posgrado, Av. Tecnológico No 2595, Col. Lagos del Country CP 63175, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Jorge Alberto Sánchez-Burgos
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, División de Estudios de Posgrado, Av. Tecnológico No 2595, Col. Lagos del Country CP 63175, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Victor Manuel Zamora-Gasga
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, División de Estudios de Posgrado, Av. Tecnológico No 2595, Col. Lagos del Country CP 63175, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Sonia Guadalupe Sáyago-Ayerdi
- Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, División de Estudios de Posgrado, Av. Tecnológico No 2595, Col. Lagos del Country CP 63175, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ceniti C, Costanzo N, Morittu VM, Tilocca B, Roncada P, Britti D. Review: Colostrum as an Emerging food: Nutraceutical Properties and Food Supplement. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2034165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Ceniti
- Department of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Costanzo
- Department of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Maria Morittu
- Department of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bruno Tilocca
- Department of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hydrolytic enzymes in the dairy industry: Applications, market and future perspectives. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
27
|
Gasparini A, Benedé S, Tedeschi T, Sforza S, Recio I, Miralles B. In vitro simulated semi-dynamic gastrointestinal digestion: evaluation of the effects of processing on whey proteins digestibility and allergenicity. Food Funct 2022; 13:1593-1602. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04102a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of thermal processing on digestibility of milk proteins should be better understood as this can greatly affect their immunoreactivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the...
Collapse
|
28
|
Giromini C, Nonnis S, Givens DI, Lovegrove JA, Rebucci R, Tedeschi G, Pinotti L, Reggi S, Rossi L, Baldi A. Proteomic/peptidomic profile and Escherichia coli growth inhibitory effect of in vitro digested soya protein. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1943016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Giromini
- Dipartimento di Scienze veterinarie per la salute la produzione animale e la sicurezza alimentare Carlo Cantoni, Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- CRC "Innovation for well-being and environment” (I-WE), Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Nonnis
- CRC "Innovation for well-being and environment” (I-WE), Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di medicina veterinaria, Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - David I. Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Julie A. Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Raffaella Rebucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze veterinarie per la salute la produzione animale e la sicurezza alimentare Carlo Cantoni, Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- CRC "Innovation for well-being and environment” (I-WE), Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di medicina veterinaria, Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luciano Pinotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze veterinarie per la salute la produzione animale e la sicurezza alimentare Carlo Cantoni, Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Serena Reggi
- Dipartimento di Scienze veterinarie per la salute la produzione animale e la sicurezza alimentare Carlo Cantoni, Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luciana Rossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze veterinarie per la salute la produzione animale e la sicurezza alimentare Carlo Cantoni, Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonella Baldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze veterinarie per la salute la produzione animale e la sicurezza alimentare Carlo Cantoni, Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bovine β-Casomorphins: Friends or Foes? A comprehensive assessment of evidence from in vitro and ex vivo studies. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
30
|
Pinho SC, Faria MA, Melo A, Pinto E, Almeida A, Alves R, Cabrita AR, Fonseca AJ, Ferreira IM. Effect of skimmed milk on intestinal tract: Prevention of increased reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide formation. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
31
|
Hejna M, Kovanda L, Rossi L, Liu Y. Mint Oils: In Vitro Ability to Perform Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities and to Enhance Intestinal Barrier Integrity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071004. [PMID: 34201645 PMCID: PMC8300686 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to test the biological activities of peppermint and spearmint oils via (i) measuring in vitro anti-inflammatory effects with porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), (ii) determining the barrier integrity of IPEC-J2 by analyzing transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), (iii) testing their antioxidant activities, and (iv) investigating the antimicrobial activity against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F18+. Briefly, (i) macrophages were seeded at 106 cells/mL and treated (24 h) with mint oils and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The treatments were 2 (0 or 1 μg/mL of LPS) × 5 (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 µg/mL of mint oils). The supernatants were collected for TNF-α and IL-1β measurement by ELISA; (ii) IPEC-J2 cells were seeded at 5 × 105 cells/mL and treated with mint oils (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL). TEER (Ωcm2) was measured at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h; (iii) the antioxidant activity was assessed (0, 1, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 600 mg/mL) using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and reducing power assays; (iv) overnight-grown ETEC F18+ were quantified (CFU/mL) after supplementing with peppermint and spearmint oils (0, 1.44, 2.87, 5.75, 11.50, and 23.00 mg/mL). All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure. Both mint oils significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) IL-1β and TNF-α secretion from LPS-stimulated PAMs. Mint oil treatments did not affect TEER in IPEC-J2. Spearmint and peppermint oils exhibited (p < 0.05) strong antioxidant activities in DPPH and reducing power assays. Both mint oils also dose-dependently inhibited (p < 0.05) the growth of ETEC F18+ in vitro. The results of the study indicated that both mint oils are great candidate feed additives due to their in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. Further research is needed to evaluate their efficacy in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Hejna
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, 4302 Meyer Hall, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Lauren Kovanda
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, 4302 Meyer Hall, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Luciana Rossi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: (L.R.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +41-61-683-77-34 (L.R.); +1-530-752-4275 (Y.L.); Fax: +41-61-302-89-18 (L.R.); +1-530-752-0175 (Y.L.)
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, 4302 Meyer Hall, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Correspondence: (L.R.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +41-61-683-77-34 (L.R.); +1-530-752-4275 (Y.L.); Fax: +41-61-302-89-18 (L.R.); +1-530-752-0175 (Y.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Alu'datt MH, Al-U'datt DGF, Alhamad MN, Tranchant CC, Rababah T, Gammoh S, Althnaibat RM, Daradkeh MG, Kubow S. Characterization and biological properties of peptides isolated from dried fermented cow milk products by RP-HPLC: Amino acid composition, antioxidant, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic properties. J Food Sci 2021; 86:3046-3060. [PMID: 34146413 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the biological properties of peptide fractions isolated from dried fermented dairy products (jameed) as influenced by processing. Peptide fractions were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) from salted (Sa) and unsalted (Us) cow milk jameed after drying the fermented curd by sun drying (Sd) or freeze-drying (Fd) and were characterized for their antioxidant capacity and inhibitory activity toward angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) and α-amylase. Sd samples showed more numerous peptide peaks in RP-HPLC chromatograms than Fd samples, regardless of the salt content. High antioxidant activity was evidenced in several peptide fractions from FdUs jameed (including fractions 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, and 10), SdUs jameed (1, 2, 5, 7, and 9), and FdSa jameed (2, 5, 6, and 9). By contrast, peptide fractions from SdSa (1, 2, 3, 5, 8, and 9), SdUs (4, 5, and 10), and FdUs (5, 6, and 8) jameed displayed the highest ACE inhibitory activity. Similarly, the highest inhibition of α-amylase was obtained with fractions from SdSa (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 9), SdUs (2 and 6), and FdUs (1, 7 and 9) jameed. A significant negative correlation was evidenced between antioxidant activity and anti-α-amylase activity of peptide fractions from SdSa jameed. These findings demonstrate that cow milk jameed is a source of bioactive peptides with antioxidant, anti-ACE, and anti-α-amylase properties in vitro, which can be tailored by adjusting the salt content and the drying conditions. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study shows that cow milk jameed, a staple fermented food in several Mediterranean countries, can serve as a useful source of multifunctional bioactive peptides with potential antioxidant, hypotensive, and hypoglycemic effects, which may help prevent and manage chronic health conditions such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. The bioactivities of certain peptide fractions were enhanced by lowering the salt content of jameed or by the drying method. The relatively simple RP-HPLC method described in this study can be used to isolate the peptide fractions of interest for further characterization and use as functional ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad H Alu'datt
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Doa'a G F Al-U'datt
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad N Alhamad
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Carole C Tranchant
- School of Food Science, Nutrition and Family Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences and Community Services, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Taha Rababah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sana Gammoh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rami M Althnaibat
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad G Daradkeh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Stan Kubow
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Xue H, Han J, He B, Yi M, Liu X, Song H, Li J. Bioactive peptide release and the absorption tracking of casein in the gastrointestinal digestion of rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:5157-5170. [PMID: 33977978 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00356a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bovine casein is considered as an important source of many bioactive peptides (BAPs), which can also be produced via in vitro simulated gastrointestinal hydrolysis. To perform their physiological functions, some active peptides need to pass through the intestinal epithelial barrier and keep their structural integrity after oral administration. Owing to the complexity of in vivo digestion and absorption, there have been few studies in this area. In this study, casein was labeled with FITC to trace its digestion and absorption in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Gastric juice, intestinal fluid, blood, and intestinal tissue samples were collected at different time-points for preservation and analysis after intragastric administration. The results showed that CN-FITC exhibited good labeling stability in the gastrointestinal digestive juice both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting its potential to be used for the detection and tracking of casein hydrolysate. After the intra-gastric administration of FITC, the diffusion rates of fluorescent substances in serum were much higher than in the CN-FITC group. The maximum peptide content in the CN-FITC group during intestinal digestion was achieved 2 h after administration, and electrophoretic analysis of the hydrolysate composition suggested that the molecular weights of the peptides were mainly concentrated in the range of 3.4-10 kDa. The hydrolyzed peptides from CN-FITC could be absorbed into the blood just 1 h after administration. Frozen sections of rat duodenal tissue were observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope, and they showed that the CN-FITC digested products were absorbed from villi to mucosa in the rat intestines, and the casein-hydrolyzed polypeptides were accumulated significantly in tissue samples 2 h after administration. The peptides were mainly absorbed in the duodenum on the basis of absorption experiments using an everted gut sac. After intestinal digestion for 2 h, peptides with weights less than 5 kDa were enriched and identified using LC-MS-MS, and they were found to be mainly derived from β-casein, containing potential angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant, dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory, and morphine-like peptides. The peptides from casein hydrolysate were tracked entering the blood through the intestinal epithelial barrier in the form of complete fragments, and they might exert potential physiological activity in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xue
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.
| | - Jingjing Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.
| | - Baoyuan He
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, P. R.China.
| | - Meixia Yi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.
| | - Hongxin Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.
| | - Jingying Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Leroux C, Chervet ML, German JB. Perspective: Milk microRNAs as Important Players in Infant Physiology and Development. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1625-1635. [PMID: 34022770 PMCID: PMC8483967 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary selective pressure on lactation has resulted in milk that provides far more than simply essential nutrients, delivering a complex repertoire of agents from hormones to intact cells. Human infants are born with low barrier integrity of their gut, which means that many of the complex biopolymer components of milk enter and circulate in lymph and blood, reaching organs throughout the body. Due to this state of gut maturation, all components of milk are potentially part of the crosstalk between mother and infants. This article highlights the functions of milk's complex biopolymers, more specifically the potential role of microRNAs (miRNAs) contained in extracellular vesicles in human milk. miRNAs are key effectors in the regulation of many biological processes during early-age development, and consequently milk-sourced miRNAs must be considered to provide unique biological assets to the infant during breastfeeding. This article interprets the evidence of the potential action of human milk miRNAs on infant development, taking into account their abundance in milk based on the literature and current knowledge. Human milk miRNAs appear to influence lipid and glucose metabolism, gut maturation, neurogenesis, and immunity. We also show growing evidence that human milk miRNAs are epigenetic modulators that play a pivotal role in the regulation of tissue-specific gene expression throughout life. Furthermore, this article addresses the ongoing debate regarding the potential influence of human milk miRNAs on viral infection as a new research area. This article highlights that these bioactive molecules are now being incorporated into our overall understanding of nutrient needs for healthy infant development, preparing each individual infant to succeed as a healthy and protected adult throughout its life. In essence, miRNAs are a new language in the Rosetta stone of health that is mammalian lactation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathilde Lea Chervet
- Foods for Health Institute, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J Bruce German
- Foods for Health Institute, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Milk Fat Globule Membrane Proteome and Micronutrients in the Milk Lipid Fraction: Insights into Milk Bioactive Compounds. DAIRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy2020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk lipids are composed of milk fat globules (MFGs) surrounded by the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). MFGM protects MFGs from coalescence and enzymatic degradation. The milk lipid fraction is a “natural solvent” for macronutrients such as phospholipids, proteins and cholesterol, and micronutrients such as minerals and vitamins. The research focused largely on the polar lipids of MFGM, given their wide bioactive properties. In this review we discussed (i) the composition of MFGM proteome and its variations among species and phases of lactation and (ii) the micronutrient content of human and cow’s milk lipid fraction. The major MFGM proteins are shared among species, but the molecular function and protein expression of MFGM proteins vary among species and phases of lactation. The main minerals in the milk lipid fraction are iron, zinc, copper and calcium, whereas the major vitamins are vitamin A, β-carotene, riboflavin and α-tocopherol. The update and the combination of this knowledge could lead to the exploitation of the MFGM proteome and the milk lipid fraction at nutritional, biological or technological levels. An example is the design of innovative and value-added products, such as MFGM-supplemented infant formulas.
Collapse
|
36
|
RE-VISITED; ARE FOODS FRIEND OR FOE FOR CANCER? JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.854439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
37
|
Albracht-Schulte K, Islam T, Johnson P, Moustaid-Moussa N. Systematic Review of Beef Protein Effects on Gut Microbiota: Implications for Health. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:102-114. [PMID: 32761179 PMCID: PMC7850003 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of diet on the gut microbiota is an emerging research area with significant impact on human health and disease. However, the effects of beef, the most consumed red meat in the United States, on gut microbial profile are not well studied. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols, the objective of this systematic review was to conduct a rigorous and thorough review of the current scientific literature regarding the effects of beef protein and the resulting bioactivity of beef protein and amino acids on the gut microbiota, with the goal of identifying gaps in the literature and guiding future research priorities. Utilizing MEDLINE Complete, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, we conducted searches including terms and combinations of the following: animal protein, amino acid, beef, bioactive compounds, diet, health, microbiome, peptide, processed beef, and protein. We identified 131 articles, from which 15 were included in our review. The effects of beef on mouse and rat models were mostly consistent for the bacterial phylum level. Short-term (1-4-wk) beef intakes had little to no effect on microbial profiles in humans. Most studies utilized high beef feeding (240-380 g/d), and no study examined recommended amounts of protein [∼3.71 oz/d (105 g/d) meats, poultry, and eggs, or ∼26 oz/week (737 g/wk) from these food sources] according to US dietary guidelines. Additionally, the majority of animal and human studies with adverse findings examined the impact of beef in the context of a diet high in fat or sugar. In conclusion, an extensive gap exists in the literature regarding beef and the microbiota. More studies are necessary to elucidate the role of the microbiota following the consumption of beef, especially in interaction with other dietary compounds, and how beef preparation, processing, and cooking methods differentially influence the biological effects of beef on human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kembra Albracht-Schulte
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Tariful Islam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Paige Johnson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Caprarulo V, Giromini C, Rossi L. Review: Chestnut and quebracho tannins in pig nutrition: the effects on performance and intestinal health. Animal 2020; 15:100064. [PMID: 33516022 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural extracts are frequently adopted as a valuable alternative to antibiotics in intensive animal farming. Their diverse bioactive constituents such as phytosterols, glucosinolates, carotenoids and polyphenols have shown antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. Tannins are the largest class of polyphenol compounds of plant extracts, which can be classified into two hydrolysable or condensed subgroups. Poultry and swine nutrition are the most important sectors in which tannins have been used, firstly adopting tannin-rich feedstuffs and more recently, using tannin extracts from different plants. Several commercial products are available containing tannins extracted from the European chestnut tree (Castanea sativa Mill.) and the American quebracho (Schinopsis spp.). Tannins extracted from these plants have been applied on intensive swine farms due to their ability to improve animal performance and health. These positive and prominent effects are frequently associated with the antinutritional effects in reducing feed palatability, digestibility and protein utilization of feed. Some criticisms and contrasting results regarding pig performance and intestinal health have been reported. This paper provides an overview of the effects of chestnut and quebracho tannins on growth performance and intestinal health of pigs in order to clarify the appropriate dosage and response in the various physiological stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Caprarulo
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - C Giromini
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; CRC I-WE (Coordinating Research Center: Innovation for Well-Being and Environment), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - L Rossi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Explorative Screening of Bioactivities Generated by Plant-Based Proteins after In Vitro Static Gastrointestinal Digestion. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123746. [PMID: 33291464 PMCID: PMC7762166 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal digestion of food proteins can generate peptides with a wide range of biological activities. In this study, we screened various potential bioactivities generated by plant-based proteins. Whey protein as an animal protein reference, five grades of pea protein, two grades of wheat protein, and potato, fava bean, and oat proteins were submitted to in vitro SGID. They were then tested in vitro for several bioactivities including measures on: (1) energy homeostasis through their ability to modulate intestinal hormone secretion, to inhibit DPP-IV activity, and to interact with opioid receptors; (2) anti-hypertensive properties through their ability to inhibit ACE activity; (3) anti-inflammatory properties in Caco-2 cells; (4) antioxidant properties through their ability to inhibit production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Protein intestinal digestions were able to stimulate intestinal hormone secretion by enteroendocrine cells, to inhibit DPP-IV and ACE activities, to bind opioid receptors, and surprisingly, to decrease production of ROS. Neither pro- nor anti-inflammatory effects have been highlighted and some proteins lost their pro-inflammatory potential after digestion. The best candidates were pea, potato, and fava bean proteins.
Collapse
|
40
|
Amigo L, Hernández-Ledesma B. Current Evidence on the Bioavailability of Food Bioactive Peptides. Molecules 2020; 25:E4479. [PMID: 33003506 PMCID: PMC7582556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Food protein-derived bioactive peptides are recognized as valuable ingredients of functional foods and/or nutraceuticals to promote health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. However, although peptides have been demonstrated to exert multiple benefits by biochemical assays, cell culture, and animal models, the ability to translate the new findings into practical or commercial uses remains delayed. This fact is mainly due to the lack of correlation of in vitro findings with in vivo functions of peptides because of their low bioavailability. Once ingested, peptides need to resist the action of digestive enzymes during their transit through the gastrointestinal tract and cross the intestinal epithelial barrier to reach the target organs in an intact and active form to exert their health-promoting properties. Thus, for a better understanding of the in vivo physiological effects of food bioactive peptides, extensive research studies on their gastrointestinal stability and transport are needed. This review summarizes the most current evidence on those factors affecting the digestive and absorptive processes of food bioactive peptides, the recently designed models mimicking the gastrointestinal environment, as well as the novel strategies developed and currently applied to enhance the absorption and bioavailability of peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Institute of Research in Food Sciences (CIAL, CSIC-UAM, CEI-UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nielsen SD, Beverly RL, Underwood MA, Dallas DC. Differences and Similarities in the Peptide Profile of Preterm and Term Mother's Milk, and Preterm and Term Infant Gastric Samples. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2825. [PMID: 32942688 PMCID: PMC7551100 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies revealed that milk proteases begin to hydrolyze proteins in the mammary gland and that proteolytic digestion continues within the infant stomach. No research has measured how the release of milk peptides differs between the gastric aspirates of term and premature infants. This study examined the presence of milk peptides in milk and gastric samples from term and preterm infants using an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer. Samples were collected from nine preterm-delivering and four term-delivering mother-infant pairs. Our study reveals an increased count and ion abundance of peptides and decreased peptide length from mother's milk to the infant stomach, confirming that additional break-down of the milk proteins occurred in both preterm and term infants' stomachs. Protein digestion occurred at a higher level in the gastric contents of term infants than in gastric contents of preterm infants. An amino acid cleavage site-based enzyme analysis suggested that the observed higher proteolysis in the term infants was due to higher pepsin/cathepsin D activity in the stomach. Additionally, there was a higher quantity of antimicrobial peptides in term infant gastric contents than in those of preterm infants, which could indicate that preterm infants benefit less from bioactive peptides in the gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Søren D. Nielsen
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (S.D.N.); (R.L.B.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Robert L. Beverly
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (S.D.N.); (R.L.B.)
| | - Mark A. Underwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
| | - David C. Dallas
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (S.D.N.); (R.L.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Luti S, Mazzoli L, Ramazzotti M, Galli V, Venturi M, Marino G, Lehmann M, Guerrini S, Granchi L, Paoli P, Pazzagli L. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of sourdoughs containing selected Lactobacilli strains are retained in breads. Food Chem 2020; 322:126710. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
43
|
Jakubczyk A, Karaś M, Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk K, Zielińska E, Zieliński D. Current Trends of Bioactive Peptides-New Sources and Therapeutic Effect. Foods 2020; 9:E846. [PMID: 32610520 PMCID: PMC7404774 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, bioactive peptides are natural compounds of food or part of protein that are inactive in the precursor molecule. However, they may be active after hydrolysis and can be transported to the active site. Biologically active peptides can also be synthesized chemically and characterized. Peptides have many properties, including antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticoagulant, and chelating effects. They are also responsible for the taste of food or for the inhibition of enzymes involved in the development of diseases. The scientific literature has described many peptides with bioactive properties obtained from different sources. Information about the structure, origin, and properties of peptides can also be found in many databases. This review will describe peptides inhibiting the development of current diseases, peptides with antimicrobial properties, and new alternative sources of peptides based on the current knowledge and documentation of their bioactivity. All these issues are part of modern research on peptides and their use in current health or technological problems in food production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jakubczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Monika Karaś
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Kamila Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-069 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Zielińska
- Department of Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Damian Zieliński
- Department of Animal Ethology and Wildlife Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Biological evaluation and interaction mechanism of beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 inhibitory pentapeptide from egg albumin. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
45
|
Sundaram TS, Giromini C, Rebucci R, Baldi A. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Counteract Inflammatory and Oxidative Damage of Non-Transformed Porcine Enterocytes. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10060956. [PMID: 32486441 PMCID: PMC7341267 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Farm animals frequently suffer from chronic inflammatory diseases due to certain physiological or pathophysiological conditions such as weaning, the periparturient period and infections. Traditionally, antibiotics were added to animal diets to counteract inflammation and enhance growth. However, this leads to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial species which causes potential health hazards. Over several decades, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been known to exhibit a multitude of beneficial effects in animal health and are regarded as a functional food with therapeutic potential. We accessed the bioactivity of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in pig intestinal epithelium under different stress conditions in an in vitro set-up. Our results demonstrated the proliferative and cytoprotective properties of the two fatty acids, which are fundamental to determining the cellular mechanism for efficient utilization in pig diets. Abstract Marine and plant-based omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are widely added to animal diets to promote growth and immunity. We tested the hypothesis that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and their 1:2 combination could counteract acute or long-term damage of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell line-J2 (IPEC-J2). The results showed that 24 h treatment with EPA or DHA exhibited proliferative effects in IPEC-J2 cells at low to moderate concentrations (6.25–50 μM) (p < 0.05). Further, 24 h pretreatment with individual DHA (3.3 µM), EPA (6.7 µM) or as DHA:EPA (1:2; 10 µM) combination increased the mitochondrial activity or cell membrane integrity post-LPS (24 h), DSS (24 h) and H2O2 (1 h) challenge (p < 0.05). Additionally, DHA:EPA (1:2, 10 µM) combination decreased the apoptotic caspase-3/7 activity around twofold after 24 h LPS and DSS challenge (p < 0.05). Our study confirms the proliferative and cytoprotective properties of EPA and DHA in IPEC-J2 cells. Increased intracellular mitochondrial activity and cell membrane integrity by ω-3 PUFAs can play a role in preventing enterocyte apoptosis during acute or chronic inflammatory and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamil Selvi Sundaram
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy; (C.G.); (R.R.); (A.B.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 68/73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-951335387
| | - Carlotta Giromini
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy; (C.G.); (R.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Raffaella Rebucci
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy; (C.G.); (R.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonella Baldi
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134 Milan, Italy; (C.G.); (R.R.); (A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Summer A, Di Frangia F, Ajmone Marsan P, De Noni I, Malacarne M. Occurrence, biological properties and potential effects on human health of β-casomorphin 7: Current knowledge and concerns. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 60:3705-3723. [PMID: 32033519 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1707157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The genetic variant A1 of bovine β-casein (β-Cn) presents a His residue at a position 67 of the mature protein. This feature makes the Ile66-His67 bond more vulnerable to enzymatic cleavage, determining the release of the peptide β-Cn f(60-66), named β-casomorphin 7 (BCM7). BCM7 is an opioid-agonist for μ receptors, and it has been hypothesized to be involved in the development of different non-transmissible diseases in humans. In the last decade, studies have provided additional results on the potential health impact of β-Cn A1 and BCM7. These studies, here reviewed, highlighted a relation between the consumption of β-Cn A1 (and its derivative BCM7) and the increase of inflammatory response as well as discomfort at the gastrointestinal level. Conversely, the role of BCM7 and the effects of ingestion of β-Cn A1 on the onset or worsening of other non-transmissible diseases as caused or favored by still need proof of evidence. Overall, the reviewed literature demonstrates that the "β-Cn A1/BCM7 issue" remains an intriguing but not exhaustively explained topic in human nutrition. On this basis, policies in favor of breeding for β-Cn variants not releasing BCM7 and consumption of "A1-like" milk appear not yet sound for a healthier and safer nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Summer
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition (DIANA) and Nutrigenomics and Proteomics Research Center (PRONUTRIGEN), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Ivano De Noni
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Malacarne
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Reggi S, Giromini C, Dell’Anno M, Baldi A, Rebucci R, Rossi L. In Vitro Digestion of Chestnut and Quebracho Tannin Extracts: Antimicrobial Effect, Antioxidant Capacity and Cytomodulatory Activity in Swine Intestinal IPEC-J2 Cells. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020195. [PMID: 31979207 PMCID: PMC7070574 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Quebracho (Qu) and chestnut (Ch) are natural sources of tannins and they are currently used in animal nutrition as feed ingredients. However, to date the bio-accessibility, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and intestinal epithelial cell stimulatory doses of Qu and Ch have not been determined. Our study investigates the antioxidant and E. coli F4+ and F18+ growth inhibitory activity of Qu, Ch, and their combinations after solubilization in water (to evaluate the already bio-accessible molecules) and after simulated gastro-intestinal digestion in vitro. The effect of an in vitro digested Ch and Qu combination was also tested on intestinal epithelial IPEC-J2 cells experimentally stressed with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS). The results showed that undigested Qu and Ch alone, and in combination, exerted a valuable antioxidant capacity and E. coli F4+ and F18+ growth inhibitory activity. The concentration of 1200 µg/mL exhibited the highest E. coli growth inhibitory activity for all the samples tested. In addition, after in vitro digestion, Qu and Qu50%-Ch50% maintained E. coli growth inhibitory activity and a modest antioxidant capacity. Three hours pre-treatment with in vitro digested Qu50%-Ch50% counteracted the H2O2 and DSS experimentally-induced stress in the intestinal IPEC-J2 cells. Ch and Qu tannin extracts, particularly when combined, may exert E. coli F4+ and F18+ growth inhibitory activity and valuable antioxidant and cell viability modulation activities.
Collapse
|
48
|
Application of in silico approaches for the generation of milk protein-derived bioactive peptides. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
|
49
|
Giblin L, Yalçın AS, Biçim G, Krämer AC, Chen Z, Callanan MJ, Arranz E, Davies MJ. Whey proteins: targets of oxidation, or mediators of redox protection. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:1136-1152. [PMID: 31510814 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1632445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bovine whey proteins are highly valued dairy ingredients. This is primarily due to their amino acid content, digestibility, bioactivities and their processing characteristics. One of the reported bioactivities of whey proteins is antioxidant activity. Numerous dietary intervention trials with humans and animals indicate that consumption of whey products can modulate redox biomarkers to reduce oxidative stress. This bioactivity has in part been assigned to whey peptides using a range of biochemical or cellular assays in vitro. Superimposing whey peptide sequences from gastrointestinal samples, with whey peptides proven to be antioxidant in vitro, allows us to propose peptides from whey likely to exhibit antioxidant activity in the diet. However, whey proteins themselves are targets of oxidation during processing particularly when exposed to high thermal loads and/or extensive processing (e.g. infant formula manufacture). Oxidative damage of whey proteins can be selective with regard to the residues that are modified and are associated with the degree of protein unfolding, with α-Lactalbumin more susceptible than β-Lactoglobulin. Such oxidative damage may have adverse effects on human health. This review summarises how whey proteins can modulate cellular redox pathways and conversely how whey proteins can be oxidised during processing. Given the extensive processing steps that whey proteins are often subjected to, we conclude that oxidation during processing is likely to compromise the positive health attributes associated with whey proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Giblin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - A Süha Yalçın
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Biçim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Anna C Krämer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhifei Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael J Callanan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elena Arranz
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Giromini C, Lovegrove JA, Givens DI, Rebucci R, Pinotti L, Maffioli E, Tedeschi G, Sundaram TS, Baldi A. In vitro-digested milk proteins: Evaluation of angiotensin-1-converting enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities, peptidomic profile, and mucin gene expression in HT29-MTX cells. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:10760-10771. [PMID: 31521344 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, several studies investigated the health-promoting functions of milk peptides. However, to date many hurdles still exist regarding the widespread use of milk-derived bioactive peptides, as they may be degraded during gastrointestinal digestion. Thus, the aim of our study was to in vitro digest intact whey protein isolate (WPI) and casein proteins (CNP), mimicking in vivo digestion, to investigate their bioactive effects and to identify the potential peptides involved. Whey protein isolate and CNP were digested using a pepsin-pancreatin protocol and ultra-filtered (3-kDa cutoff membrane). A permeate (<3 kDa) and a retentate (>3 kDa) were obtained. Soy protein was included as a control (CTR). Angiotensin-1-converting enzyme inhibitory (ACE1-I) and antioxidant activity (AOX) were assessed and compared with those observed in undigested proteins and CTR. Furthermore, the permeate was characterized by nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-nano ESI MS/MS) using a shotgun peptidomic approach, and retentate was further digested with trypsin and analyzed by MS using a shotgun proteomic approach to identify potentially bioactive peptides. Further, the effects of WPI, CNP, and CTR retentate on cell metabolic activity and on mucus production (MUC5AC and MUC2 gene expression) were assessed in intestinal goblet HT29-MTX-E12 cells. Results showed that WPI permeate induced a significant ACE1-I inhibitory effect [49.2 ± 0.64% (SEM)] compared with undigested WPI, CNP permeate, and retentate or CTR permeate (10.40 ± 1.07%). A significant increase in AOX (1.58 ± 0.04 and 1.61 ± 0.02 µmol of trolox AOX equivalents per mg of protein, respectively) upon digestion was found in WPI. Potentially bioactive peptides associated with ACE1-I and antihypertensive effects were identified in WPI permeate and CNP retentate. At specific concentrations, WPI, CNP, and CTR retentate were able to stimulate metabolic activity in HT29-MTX-E12 cells. Expression of MUC5AC was increased by CNP retentate and unaltered by WPI retentate; MUC2 expression was significantly increased by 0.33 mg/g of CNP and reduced by 1.33 mg/g of CNP. Our results confirm that milk proteins may be rich sources of bioactive compounds, with the greatest beneficial potential of CNP at the intestinal goblet cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Giromini
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, 20133 Italy.
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, RG6 6AP United Kingdom; Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, RG6 6AP United Kingdom
| | - David I Givens
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, RG6 6AP United Kingdom
| | - Raffaella Rebucci
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, 20133 Italy
| | - Luciano Pinotti
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, 20133 Italy
| | - Elisa Maffioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 20133 Italy
| | | | - Tamil S Sundaram
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, 20133 Italy
| | - Antonella Baldi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, 20133 Italy
| |
Collapse
|