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Cheng L, Tanaka M, Yoshino A, Nagasato Y, Takata F, Dohgu S, Matsui T. A memory-improving dipeptide, Tyr-Pro, can reach the mouse brain after oral administration. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16908. [PMID: 37805661 PMCID: PMC10560274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The transport and accumulation of orally administered functional food-derived peptides in the brain was not fully explored. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to provide critical evidence regarding brain accumulation of a memory-improving soy dipeptide, Tyr-Pro, following oral administration. Stable isotope-labeled Tyr-Pro (Tyr-[13C5,15N]Pro) was orally administered to male ICR mice at 10 or 100 mg/kg. Surprisingly, the intact labeled Tyr-Pro exhibited maximal plasma and brain levels 15 min after administration (plasma: area under the curve [AUC0-120 min], 1331 ± 267 pmol·min/mL-plasma; brain: AUC0-120 min of 0.34 ± 0.11 pmol·min/mg-dry brain, at 10 mg/kg). In addition, we detected labeled Tyr-Pro in the brain parenchyma, indicating a validated blood-brain-barrier (BBB) transportability. Moreover, we confirmed the preferable accumulation of Tyr-Pro in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and cortex with > 0.02 pmol/mg-tissue. In conclusion, we provided the first evidence that orally administered Tyr-Pro at 10 mg/kg directly entered the blood circulation with an absorption ratio of 0.15%, of which 2.5% of Tyr-Pro was transported from the plasma to the mouse brain parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Cheng
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Tanaka
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Atsuko Yoshino
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagasato
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiro Matsui
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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Watanabe Y, Yamanaka G, Morichi S, Hayashi K, Suzuki S, Takeshita M, Morishita N, Ishida Y, Oana S, Takata F, Kawashima H. Altered serum levels of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β and cluster of differentiation 13 suggest a role for pericytes in West syndrome. Brain Dev 2023; 45:479-486. [PMID: 37263884 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pericytes play a role in the maintenance of the blood-brain barrier and neuroinflammation, attracting attention as to whether they are also involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy.This study aimed to explore the relationship between West syndrome and pericytes. METHODS Eighteen Japanese pediatric West syndrome patients and nine controls aged 2 years or younger were retrospectively enrolled in this study. We assessed theserumlevels of pericyte markers, serum PDGFRβ (platelet-derived growth factor receptorβ),CD13 (aminopeptidase N), and 27 cytokines in 17 pediatric patients with West syndrome and the control group. RESULTS Patients with West syndrome exhibited significantly increased CD13 and decreased PDGFRβ levels, compared with controls but not serum cytokine levels. These values did not differ significantly between symptomatic and idiopathic West syndrome. CONCLUSION Pericytes might be implicated in the pathogenesis of West syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Gaku Yamanaka
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Morichi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Kanako Hayashi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Shinji Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Mika Takeshita
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Natsumi Morishita
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yu Ishida
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Shingo Oana
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kawashima
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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Matsuo T, Komori R, Nakatani M, Ochi S, Yokota-Nakatsuma A, Matsumoto J, Takata F, Dohgu S, Ishihara Y, Itoh K. Levetiracetam Suppresses the Infiltration of Neutrophils and Monocytes and Downregulates Many Inflammatory Cytokines during Epileptogenesis in Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7671. [PMID: 35887020 PMCID: PMC9319101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute brain inflammation after status epilepticus (SE) is involved in blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and brain edema, which cause the development of post-SE symptomatic epilepsy. Using pilocarpine-induced SE mice, we previously reported that treatment with levetiracetam (LEV) after SE suppresses increased expression levels of proinflammatory mediators during epileptogenesis and prevents the development of spontaneous recurrent seizures. However, it remains unclear how LEV suppresses neuroinflammation after SE. In this study, we demonstrated that LEV suppressed the infiltration of CD11b+CD45high cells into the brain after SE. CD11b+CD45high cells appeared in the hippocampus between 1 and 4 days after SE and contained Ly6G+Ly6C+ and Ly6G-Ly6C+ cells. Ly6G+Ly6C+ cells expressed higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNFα suggesting that these cells were inflammatory neutrophils. Depletion of peripheral Ly6G+Ly6C+ cells prior to SE by anti-Ly6G antibody (NIMP-R14) treatment completely suppressed the infiltration of Ly6G+Ly6C+ cells into the brain. Proteome analysis revealed the downregulation of a variety of inflammatory cytokines, which exhibited increased expression in the post-SE hippocampus. These results suggest that Ly6G+Ly6C+ neutrophils are involved in the induction of acute brain inflammation after SE. The proteome expression profile of the hippocampus treated with LEV after SE was similar to that after NIMP-R14 treatment. Therefore, LEV may prevent acute brain inflammation after SE by suppressing inflammatory neutrophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taira Matsuo
- Laboratory for Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Neurology, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan; (T.M.); (R.K.); (M.N.); (S.O.)
| | - Rie Komori
- Laboratory for Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Neurology, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan; (T.M.); (R.K.); (M.N.); (S.O.)
| | - Minami Nakatani
- Laboratory for Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Neurology, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan; (T.M.); (R.K.); (M.N.); (S.O.)
| | - Shiori Ochi
- Laboratory for Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Neurology, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan; (T.M.); (R.K.); (M.N.); (S.O.)
| | - Aya Yokota-Nakatsuma
- Laboratory of Immunology, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan;
| | - Junichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (J.M.); (F.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (J.M.); (F.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; (J.M.); (F.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Yasuhiro Ishihara
- Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan;
| | - Kouichi Itoh
- Laboratory for Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Neurology, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314-1 Shido, Sanuki 769-2193, Japan; (T.M.); (R.K.); (M.N.); (S.O.)
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Takata F, Nakagawa S, Matsumoto J, Dohgu S. Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction Amplifies the Development of Neuroinflammation: Understanding of Cellular Events in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells for Prevention and Treatment of BBB Dysfunction. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:661838. [PMID: 34588955 PMCID: PMC8475767 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.661838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is involved in the onset or progression of various neurodegenerative diseases. Initiation of neuroinflammation is triggered by endogenous substances (damage-associated molecular patterns) and/or exogenous pathogens. Activation of glial cells (microglia and astrocytes) is widely recognized as a hallmark of neuroinflammation and triggers the release of proinflammatory cytokines, leading to neurotoxicity and neuronal dysfunction. Another feature associated with neuroinflammatory diseases is impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB, which is composed of brain endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, maintains brain homeostasis and protects neurons. Impairment of this barrier allows trafficking of immune cells or plasma proteins into the brain parenchyma and subsequent inflammatory processes in the brain. Besides neurons, activated glial cells also affect BBB integrity. Therefore, BBB dysfunction can amplify neuroinflammation and act as a key process in the development of neuroinflammation. BBB integrity is determined by the integration of multiple signaling pathways within brain endothelial cells through intercellular communication between brain endothelial cells and brain perivascular cells (pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes). For prevention of BBB disruption, both cellular components, such as signaling molecules in brain endothelial cells, and non-cellular components, such as inflammatory mediators released by perivascular cells, should be considered. Thus, understanding of intracellular signaling pathways that disrupt the BBB can provide novel treatments for neurological diseases associated with neuroinflammation. In this review, we discuss current knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms involved in BBB impairment by inflammatory mediators released by perivascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Yamanaka G, Takamatsu T, Morichi S, Yamazaki T, Mizoguchi I, Ohno K, Watanabe Y, Ishida Y, Oana S, Suzuki S, Kashiwagi Y, Takata F, Sakuma H, Yoshimoto T, Kato M, Kawashima H. Interleukin-1β in peripheral monocytes is associated with seizure frequency in pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 352:577475. [PMID: 33454554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we assessed circulating immune cells and plasma cytokine levels in 15 pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). DRE patients had a significantly higher percentage of CD14+ monocytes positive for IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, and TNF-α than controls. Significantly higher intracellular levels of IFN-γ in CD4+ T cells and NK cells were also found in DRE patients. The level of IL-1β+ CD14+ monocytes correlated with seizure frequency, and intracellular levels of IFN-γ in NKT-like cells were negatively correlated with the duration of epilepsy. Peripheral immune cells might be involved in the pathogenesis of DRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaku Yamanaka
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Takamatsu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Morichi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamazaki
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Izuru Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Koko Ohno
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yu Ishida
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Shingo Oana
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Shinji Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Kashiwagi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakuma
- Developmental Neuroimmunology Project, Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kawashima
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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Sakai K, Takata F, Yamanaka G, Yasunaga M, Hashiguchi K, Tominaga K, Itoh K, Kataoka Y, Yamauchi A, Dohgu S. Reactive pericytes in early phase are involved in glial activation and late-onset hypersusceptibility to pilocarpine-induced seizures in traumatic brain injury model mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 145:155-165. [PMID: 33357774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, among neurovascular unit (NVU) cells, we focused on pericyte reactivity in mice subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI) to understand how traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes uncoordinated crosstalk in the NVU and alters neuronal activity. Histological analyses of brain pericytes, microglia and astrocytes were performed for up to 28 days after CCI in the injured ipsilateral hippocampus. To evaluate altered neuronal activity caused by CCI, we measured seizure susceptibility to a sub-threshold dose of pilocarpine on postoperative day 7, 14, 21 and 28. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) β immunoreactivity in pericytes significantly increased from 1 h to 4 days after CCI. The expression of Iba1 and GFAP, as markers of microglia and astrocytes, respectively, increased from 4 to 28 days after CCI. The severity of seizure induced by pilocarpine gradually increased, becoming significant at 28 days after CCI. Then, we treated CCI mice with an inhibitor of PDGFR signaling, imatinib, during the postoperative day 0-4 period. Imatinib lowered seizure susceptibility to pilocarpine and suppressed microglial activation in the injured hippocampus at postoperative day 28. These findings indicate that brain pericytes with rapidly increased PDGFRβ expression may drive TBI-induced dysregulation of NVU function and brain hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Sakai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Gaku Yamanaka
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Miho Yasunaga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kana Hashiguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tominaga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kouichi Itoh
- Laboratory for Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Neurology, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa, 769-2193, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kataoka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
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Matsumoto J, Dohgu S, Takata F, Iwao T, Kimura I, Tomohiro M, Aono K, Kataoka Y, Yamauchi A. Serum amyloid A-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction associated with decreased claudin-5 expression in rat brain endothelial cells and its inhibition by high-density lipoprotein in vitro. Neurosci Lett 2020; 738:135352. [PMID: 32931862 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the multicellular interface located between the peripheral circulation and the brain parenchyma. BBB dysfunction is reported in many CNS diseases, such cognitive impairment, depression, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Emerging evidence indicates that liver-derived inflammatory mediators are upregulated in neurological diseases with BBB dysfunction. Serum amyloid A (SAA), an acute phase protein secreted by hepatocytes, could be a candidate inflammatory signaling molecule transmitted from the liver to the brain; however, its contribution to BBB dysfunction is poorly understood. The present study aimed to elucidate the involvement of SAA in BBB impairment in an in vitro BBB model using rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBECs). We demonstrated that Apo-SAA significantly decreased transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and increased sodium fluorescein (Na-F) permeability in RBEC monolayers. Apo-SAA also decreased claudin-5 expression levels in RBECs. Furthermore, the Apo-SAA-mediated impairment of the BBB with decreased claudin-5 expression was inhibited by the addition of a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) related to SAA in plasma. These findings suggest that HDL counteracts the effects of SAA on BBB function. Therefore, the functional imbalance between SAA and HDL may induce BBB impairment, thereby triggering development of neuroinflammation. SAA could be a significant endogenous mediator in the liver-to-brain inflammation axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Takuro Iwao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Ikuya Kimura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Misaki Tomohiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Aono
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yasufumi Kataoka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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8
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Tanaka M, Kiyohara H, Yoshino A, Nakano A, Takata F, Dohgu S, Kataoka Y, Matsui T. Brain-transportable soy dipeptide, Tyr-Pro, attenuates amyloid β peptide 25-35-induced memory impairment in mice. NPJ Sci Food 2020; 4:7. [PMID: 32377566 PMCID: PMC7195433 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-020-0067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, experiments on amyloid β peptide25-35-induced mice were performed to provide in vivo evidence on the potential of the blood–brain barrier transportable soy dipeptide, Tyr-Pro, in combating memory impairment. We demonstrated for the first time that oral administration of Tyr-Pro (100 mg/kg, twice a day) in mice for 16 days significantly improved impaired memory by spontaneous alternation and shortened step-through latency in amyloid β-induced mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Tanaka
- 1Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hayato Kiyohara
- 1Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Atsuko Yoshino
- 1Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Akihiro Nakano
- 1Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Fuyuko Takata
- 2Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- 2Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kataoka
- 2Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan
| | - Toshiro Matsui
- 1Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
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Takata F, Dohgu S, Sakaguchi S, Sakai K, Yamanaka G, Iwao T, Matsumoto J, Kimura I, Sezaki Y, Tanaka Y, Yamauchi A, Kataoka Y. Oncostatin-M-Reactive Pericytes Aggravate Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction by Activating JAK/STAT3 Signaling In Vitro. Neuroscience 2019; 422:12-20. [PMID: 31705893 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a cytokine of the interleukin (IL)-6 family members. It induces blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction by activating Janus-activated kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 pathways in brain endothelial cells. Brain pericytes located around microvessels are one of the BBB constituents. Pericytes work as a boundary surface between the blood circulation and brain parenchyma, and their functions are altered under pathophysiological conditions, leading to BBB dysregulation. However, it remains unknown whether pericytes are associated with OSM-induced BBB dysfunction. We demonstrated that pericyte exposure to OSM (100 ng/mL) elevated phosphorylation of STAT3, a main OSM signaling pathway, and that pericytes expressed OSM receptors (OSMRs) including OSMRβ and glycoprotein 130. These results suggest that pericytes are able to respond to OSM. To determine the effects of OSM-reactive pericytes on BBB functions, rat brain endothelial cell (RBEC) monolayers were cultured with OSM-treated pericytes. The presence of pericytes exposed to 100 ng/mL of OSM for 48 h aggravated both the elevated permeability to sodium fluorescein and the lowered transendothelial electrical resistance which were induced by OSM in RBECs. This OSM-reactive pericyte-induced aggravation of lowered RBEC barrier function was reversed by ruxolitinib, a JAK inhibitor. These findings suggest that activated JAK/STAT3 signaling in pericytes contributes to OSM-produced BBB breakdown. Thus, OSM-reactive pericytes may have to be considered a characteristic machinery in the formation and progression of BBB breakdown under pathological conditions associated with increased OSM levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Shinya Sakaguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kenta Sakai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Gaku Yamanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takuro Iwao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Junichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Ikuya Kimura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yume Sezaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yoshie Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kataoka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
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Kimura I, Dohgu S, Takata F, Matsumoto J, Watanabe T, Iwao T, Yamauchi A, Kataoka Y. Oligodendrocytes upregulate blood-brain barrier function through mechanisms other than the PDGF-BB/PDGFRα pathway in the barrier-tightening effect of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Neurosci Lett 2019; 715:134594. [PMID: 31678431 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
White matter lesions are associated with impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), an essential component of the cerebrovasculature. The BBB allows the brain to maintain its highly specialized microenvironment by restricting entry of blood-borne substances including molecules that induce myelin damage. Accumulating evidence suggests that interactions between brain endothelial cells and neighboring cells, including oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), are required for the induction and maintenance of BBB function. Here, we compared the ability of OPCs and oligodendrocytes to modulate BBB integrity using co-cultures of rat brain endothelial cells with OPCs or oligodendrocytes. We found that OPCs lowered the brain endothelial permeability to sodium fluorescein, and this enhancement of BBB function was prevented by treatment with AG1296 (a PDGFRα inhibitor). Oligodendrocytes also enhanced BBB integrity. Pharmacological inhibition of PDGFRα did not affect the oligodendrocyte-induced BBB facilitation. These data indicate that oligodendrocytes enhance BBB integrity through pathways other than PDGF-BB/PDGFRα signaling triggered by the brain endothelial cell-derived PDGF-BB. Therefore, our findings suggest that oligodendrocytes constitutively support BBB integrity through soluble factors. Crosstalk between brain endothelial cells and oligodendrocytes could play a facilitatory role in maintaining BBB integrity in the white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuya Kimura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Junichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Takuya Watanabe
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Takuro Iwao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Yasufumi Kataoka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
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Ogata T, Dohgu S, Takano K, Inoue T, Arima H, Takata F, Kataoka Y, Tsuboi Y. Increased Plasma VEGF Levels in Patients with Cerebral Large Artery Disease Are Associated with Cerebral Microbleeds. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra 2019; 9:25-30. [PMID: 31039570 PMCID: PMC6528098 DOI: 10.1159/000497215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Purpose Because atherosclerotic factors and antithrombotic agents sometimes induce cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), patients with cerebral large artery disease (CLAD) tend to have more CMBs than control subjects. On the other hand, VEGF contributes to the disruption of the blood-brain barrier, and it may induce parenchymal edema and bleeding. We conducted a study to evaluate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the occurrence of CMBs in patients with CLAD. Methods CLAD is defined as stenosis or occlusion of either the carotid artery or the middle cerebral artery of 50% or more. We prospectively registered patients with CLAD who were hospitalized in our neurocenter. Biological backgrounds, atherosclerotic risk factors, administration of antithrombotics before hospitalization, and levels of cytokines and chemokines were evaluated. Susceptibility-weighted imaging or T2*-weighted MR angiography was used to evaluate CMBs. The Brain Observer MicroBleed Scale (BOMBS) was used for CMB assessments. Images were analyzed with regard to the presence or absence of CMBs. We also examined plasma VEGF concentrations using a commercial ELISA kit. Because more than half showed plasma VEGF levels below assay detection limits (3.2 pg/mL), the patients were dichotomized by plasma VEGF levels into two groups (above and below the detection limit). After univariate analyses, logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the factors associated with the CMBs after adjustment for age, sex, the presence of hypertension, and administration of antithrombotic agents. A similar analysis with CMBs separated by location (cortex, subcortex, or posterior circulation) was also conducted. Results Sixty-six patients (71.1 ± 8.9 years, 53 males and 13 females) were included in this study. Plasma VEGF levels were not correlated with age, sex, and atherosclerotic risk factors; however, patients with VEGF levels >3.2 pg/mL tended toward more frequent CMBs (60.0 vs. 32.6%, in the presence and absence of CMBs, p = 0.056). With regard to the location of CMBs, those in the cortex and/or at the gray-white junction were observed more frequently in the patients with VEGF levels >3.2 pg/mL after multivariable analyses (odds ratio: 3.80; 95% confidence interval: 1.07–13.5; p = 0.039). Conclusions In patients with CLAD, elevated plasma VEGF might be associated with CMBs, especially those located in the cortex and/or at the gray-white junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyasu Ogata
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Takano
- Department of Radiology, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tooru Inoue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kataoka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Tsuboi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan,
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Chung H, Tajiri S, Hyoguchi M, Koyanagi R, Shimura A, Takata F, Dohgu S, Matsui T. Analysis of Catecholamine and Their Metabolites in Mice Brain by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Using Sulfonated Mixed-mode Copolymer Column. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:433-439. [PMID: 30584183 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18p494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a simultaneous assay for catecholamines and their metabolites in the brain was established using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). To achieve complete separation, a cation-exchange/reversed-phase mixed-mode copolymer resin column containing 0.81 wt% sulfo groups was used for the simultaneous LC-MS assay. The analyzed catecholamines were dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (E), while the metabolites lacking amino groups were 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG). The metabolites were separated and detected using LC-MS, on columns with and without sulfo groups. However, we could not achieve adequate separation of catecholamines on both columns using a gradient elution of 0 - 50 (v/v)% methanol containing 0.1 (v/v)% formic acid (FA). When volatile ion-pairing reagents were added to the mobile phase, they improved the retention and detection of catecholamines on the sulfonated mixed-mode column. Under optimized elution conditions, which involved a linear gradient elution of water containing 0.1 (v/v)% FA to 50 (v/v)% acetonitrile in 50 mM ammonium formate at 40°C and a 0.20 mL/min rate, all six target molecules were simultaneously detected within 25 min, when using negative mode LC-MS on a sulfonated mixed-mode column. The limits of detection (LODs) for DA, NE, E, DOPCA, HVA, and MHPG were determined to be 20.7, 12.6, 74.6, 1110, 18.7, and 3196 nM, respectively. Moreover, the established LC-MS assay allowed the detection of endogenous DA, NE, and HVA, in normal mouse brain samples at concentrations higher than 20, 9, and 4 pmol/mg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Chung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University
| | - Satoshi Tajiri
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University
| | - Mai Hyoguchi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University
| | - Riho Koyanagi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University
| | - Akihiro Shimura
- Separation Materials Laboratory, Kurosaki R & D Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Co
| | - Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University
| | - Toshiro Matsui
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University
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Tanaka M, Dohgu S, Komabayashi G, Kiyohara H, Takata F, Kataoka Y, Nirasawa T, Maebuchi M, Matsui T. Brain-transportable dipeptides across the blood-brain barrier in mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5769. [PMID: 30962462 PMCID: PMC6453885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from nutrients required for the brain, there has been no report that naturally occurring peptides can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The aim of this study was to identify the BBB-transportable peptides using in situ mouse perfusion experiments. Based on the structural features of Gly-N-methylated Gly (Gly-Sar), a reported BBB-transportable compound, 18 dipeptides were synthesized, and were perfused in the mouse brain for two minutes. Among the synthesized dipeptides, Gly-Sar, Gly-Pro, and Tyr-Pro were transported across the BBB with Ki values of 7.60 ± 1.29, 3.49 ± 0.66, and 3.53 ± 0.74 µL/g·min, respectively, and accumulated in the mouse brain parenchyma. Additionally, using MALDI-MS/MS imaging analysis of Tyr-Pro-perfused brain, we provide evidence for Tyr-Pro accumulation in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, striatum, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum of mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Tanaka
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Genki Komabayashi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hayato Kiyohara
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kataoka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
| | - Takashi Nirasawa
- Bruker Japan K.K., 3-9 Moriya-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 221-0022, Japan
| | - Motohiro Maebuchi
- FUJI OIL CO., Ltd., Research and Development Division, 1 Sumiyoshi-cho, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8540, Japan
| | - Toshiro Matsui
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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Kimura I, Dohgu S, Takata F, Matsumoto J, Kawahara Y, Nishihira M, Sakada S, Saisho T, Yamauchi A, Kataoka Y. Activation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor upregulates blood-brain barrier function through increased claudin-5 and occludin expression in rat brain endothelial cells. Neurosci Lett 2019; 694:9-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Takata F, Dohgu S, Matsumoto J, Machida T, Sakaguchi S, Kimura I, Yamauchi A, Kataoka Y. Oncostatin M–induced blood‐brain barrier impairment is due to prolonged activation of STAT3 signaling in vitro. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9055-9063. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Junichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Takashi Machida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Shinya Sakaguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Ikuya Kimura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kataoka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Fukuoka University Fukuoka Japan
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Ogata T, Dohgu S, Inoue T, Arima H, Watanabe J, Takata F, Kataoka Y, Tsuboi Y. The influence of VEGF on cerebral microbleeds in patients with cerebral large artery disease. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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18
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Takata F, Tominaga K, Koga M, Dohgu S, Futagami K, Yamauchi A, Kataoka Y. Elevated permeability of the blood–brain barrier in mice intratracheally administered porcine pancreatic elastase. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 129:78-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Machida T, Takata F, Matsumoto J, Takenoshita H, Kimura I, Yamauchi A, Dohgu S, Kataoka Y. Brain pericytes are the most thrombin-sensitive matrix metalloproteinase-9-releasing cell type constituting the blood-brain barrier in vitro. Neurosci Lett 2015; 599:109-14. [PMID: 26002077 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the acute phase of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), hemorrhagic transformation and brain edema are associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Elevated levels of thrombin, a coagulation factor, contribute to the development of brain edema during ICH through matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 production. Thrombin directly induces a variety of cellular responses through its specific receptors known as protease-activated receptors (PARs). However, it remains unclear which cell types constituting the BBB mainly produce MMP-9 in response to thrombin. Here, we compared the MMP-9 release induced by thrombin using primary cultures of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes. Brain pericytes exhibited the highest levels of MMP-9 release due to thrombin stimulation among the BBB cells. The pattern of PAR mRNA expression in pericytes was characterized by high expression of PAR1 and moderate expression of PAR4. Heat-inactivated thrombin failed to stimulate pericytes to release MMP-9. A selective PAR1 inhibitor SCH79797 blocked the thrombin-induced MMP-9 release from pericytes. These findings suggest that both PAR1 and PAR4 mediate thrombin-induced MMP-9 release from pericytes. The present study raises the possibility that brain pericytes could play a pivotal role as a highly thrombin-sensitive and MMP-9-producing cell type at the BBB in brain damage including ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Machida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; BBB Laboratory, PharmaCo-Cell Co., Ltd., Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Junichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisayo Takenoshita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ikuya Kimura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kataoka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; BBB Laboratory, PharmaCo-Cell Co., Ltd., Nagasaki, Japan.
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Takahashi H, Takata F, Matsumoto J, Machida T, Yamauchi A, Dohgu S, Kataoka Y. Brain pericyte-derived soluble factors enhance insulin sensitivity in GT1-7 hypothalamic neurons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 457:532-7. [PMID: 25597994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Insulin signaling in the hypothalamus plays an important role in food intake and glucose homeostasis. Hypothalamic neuronal functions are modulated by glial cells; these form an extensive network connecting the neurons and cerebral vasculature, known as the neurovascular unit (NVU). Brain pericytes are periendothelial accessory structures of the blood-brain barrier and integral members of the NVU. However, the interaction between pericytes and neurons is largely unexplored. Here, we investigate whether brain pericytes could affect hypothalamic neuronal insulin signaling. Our immunohistochemical observations demonstrated the existence of pericytes in the mouse hypothalamus, exhibiting immunoreactivity of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (a pericyte marker), and laminin, a basal lamina marker. We then exposed a murine hypothalamic neuronal cell line, GT1-7, to conditioned medium obtained from primary cultures of rat brain pericytes. Pericyte-conditioned medium (PCM), but not astrocyte- or aortic smooth muscle cell-conditioned medium, increased the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt in GT1-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. PCM also enhanced insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor β without changing its expression or localization in cytosolic or plasma membrane fractions. These results suggest that pericytes, rather than astrocytes, increase insulin sensitivity in hypothalamic neurons by releasing soluble factors under physiological conditions in the NVU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; BBB Laboratory, PharmaCo-Cell Co., Ltd., Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Junichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Machida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kataoka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; BBB Laboratory, PharmaCo-Cell Co., Ltd., Nagasaki, Japan.
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Tóth AE, Walter FR, Bocsik A, Sántha P, Veszelka S, Nagy L, Puskás LG, Couraud PO, Takata F, Dohgu S, Kataoka Y, Deli MA. Edaravone protects against methylglyoxal-induced barrier damage in human brain endothelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100152. [PMID: 25033388 PMCID: PMC4102474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated level of reactive carbonyl species, such as methylglyoxal, triggers carbonyl stress and activates a series of inflammatory responses leading to accelerated vascular damage. Edaravone is the active substance of a Japanese medicine, which aids neurological recovery following acute brain ischemia and subsequent cerebral infarction. Our aim was to test whether edaravone can exert a protective effect on the barrier properties of human brain endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3 cell line) treated with methylglyoxal. Methodology Cell viability was monitored in real-time by impedance-based cell electronic sensing. The barrier function of the monolayer was characterized by measurement of resistance and flux of permeability markers, and visualized by immunohistochemistry for claudin-5 and β-catenin. Cell morphology was also examined by holographic phase imaging. Principal Findings Methylglyoxal exerted a time- and dose-dependent toxicity on cultured human brain endothelial cells: a concentration of 600 µM resulted in about 50% toxicity, significantly reduced the integrity and increased the permeability of the barrier. The cell morphology also changed dramatically: the area of cells decreased, their optical height significantly increased. Edaravone (3 mM) provided a complete protection against the toxic effect of methylglyoxal. Co-administration of edaravone restored cell viability, barrier integrity and functions of brain endothelial cells. Similar protection was obtained by the well-known antiglycating molecule, aminoguanidine, our reference compound. Conclusion These results indicate for the first time that edaravone is protective in carbonyl stress induced barrier damage. Our data may contribute to the development of compounds to treat brain endothelial dysfunction in carbonyl stress related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E. Tóth
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina R. Walter
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Bocsik
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Sántha
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Veszelka
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | - Pierre-Olivier Couraud
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kataoka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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Matsumoto J, Takata F, Machida T, Takahashi H, Soejima Y, Funakoshi M, Futagami K, Yamauchi A, Dohgu S, Kataoka Y. Tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated brain pericytes possess a unique cytokine and chemokine release profile and enhance microglial activation. Neurosci Lett 2014; 578:133-8. [PMID: 24993300 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Brain pericytes are involved in neurovascular dysfunction, neurodegeneration and/or neuroinflammation. In the present study, we focused on the proinflammatory properties of brain pericytes to understand their participation in the induction of inflammation at the neurovascular unit (NVU). The NVU comprises different cell types, namely, brain microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes and microglia. Among these, we found pericytes to be the most sensitive to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, possessing a unique cytokine and chemokine release profile. This was characterized by marked release of interleukin (IL)-6 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α. Furthermore, TNF-α-stimulated pericytes induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and IL-1β mRNAs, as an index of BV-2 microglial cell activation state, to the highest levels. Based on these findings, the possibility that brain pericytes act specifically as TNF-α-sensitive cells and as effectors of TNF-α through the release of proinflammatory factors, and that, as such, they have a role in inducing brain inflammation, should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Care Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Japan.
| | - Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; BBB Laboratory, PharmaCo-Cell Co., Ltd., Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Takashi Machida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yuki Soejima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Miho Funakoshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Koujiro Futagami
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Care Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yasufumi Kataoka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; BBB Laboratory, PharmaCo-Cell Co., Ltd., Nagasaki, Japan.
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Watanabe T, Dohgu S, Takata F, Nishioku T, Nakashima A, Futagami K, Yamauchi A, Kataoka Y. Paracellular barrier and tight junction protein expression in the immortalized brain endothelial cell lines bEND.3, bEND.5 and mouse brain endothelial cell 4. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 36:492-5. [PMID: 23449334 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by brain endothelial cells. Many immortalized brain endothelial cell lines have been established; these have been used as in vitro BBB models. The aim of the present study was to assess the paracellular barrier properties of the immortalized mouse brain endothelial cell lines bEND.3, bEND.5 cells, and mouse brain endothelial cell 4 (MBEC4), and those of the primary mouse brain endothelial cells pMBECs. bEND.3 cells showed low permeability to sodium fluorescein and obvious staining of tight junction proteins (claudin-5, occludin and ZO-1) similar to pMBECs; these barrier properties of MBEC4 and bEND.5 cells were low. In addition, bEND.3 cells expressed the highest level of claudin-5 among all cells. These results suggest that bEND.3 cells are a convenient and useful model for evaluating BBB function, especially the paracellular barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8–19–1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814–0180, Japan
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Takata F, Dohgu S, Matsumoto J, Machida T, Kaneshima S, Matsuo M, Sakaguchi S, Takeshige Y, Yamauchi A, Kataoka Y. Metformin induces up-regulation of blood-brain barrier functions by activating AMP-activated protein kinase in rat brain microvascular endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 433:586-90. [PMID: 23523792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption occurs frequently in CNS diseases and injuries. Few drugs have been developed as therapeutic candidates for facilitating BBB functions. Here, we examined whether metformin up-regulates BBB functions using rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBECs). Metformin, concentration- and time-dependently increased transendothelial electrical resistance of RBEC monolayers, and decreased RBEC permeability to sodium fluorescein and Evans blue albumin. These effects of metformin were blocked by compound C, an inhibitor of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK stimulation with an AMPK activator, AICAR, enhanced BBB functions. These findings indicate that metformin induces up-regulation of BBB functions via AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Takata F, Dohgu S, Yamauchi A, Matsumoto J, Machida T, Fujishita K, Shibata K, Shinozaki Y, Sato K, Kataoka Y, Koizumi S. In vitro blood-brain barrier models using brain capillary endothelial cells isolated from neonatal and adult rats retain age-related barrier properties. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55166. [PMID: 23383092 PMCID: PMC3561369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the entry of circulating drugs and xenobiotics into the brain, and thus its permeability to substances is a critical factor that determines their central effects. The infant brain is vulnerable to neurotoxic substances partly due to the immature BBB. The employment of in vitro BBB models to evaluate permeability of compounds provides higher throughput than that of in vivo animal experiments. However, existing in vitro BBB models have not been able to simulate the intrinsic neonatal BBB. To establish a neonatal BBB model that mimics age-related BBB properties, the neonatal and adult in vitro BBB models were constructed with brain endothelial cells isolated from 2- and 8-week-old rats, respectively. To evaluate BBB functions, transendothelial electrical resistance, permeability of sodium fluorescein and Evans blue-albumin, and transport of rhodamine123 were measured. Radiolabelled drugs were used for BBB permeability studies in the neonatal and adult BBB models (in vitro) and in age-matched rats (in vivo). The neonatal BBB model showed lower barrier and p-glycoprotein (P-gp) functions than the adult BBB model; these were well associated with lower expressions of the barrier-related proteins and P-gp, and a different distribution pattern of immunostained barrier-related proteins. Verapamil (a P-gp inhibitor) significantly increased the influx of rhodamine 123, supporting functional P-gp expression in the neonatal BBB model. Valproic acid, but not nicotine, showed higher BBB permeability in the neonatal BBB model, which was well in accordance with the in vivo BBB property. We established a neonatal BBB model in vitro. This could allow us to assess the age-dependent BBB permeability of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- BBB Laboratory, PharmaCo-Cell Co., Ltd., Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Machida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kayoko Fujishita
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shibata
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Sato
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kataoka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- BBB Laboratory, PharmaCo-Cell Co., Ltd., Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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26
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Takata F, Dohgu S, Matsumoto J, Takahashi H, Machida T, Wakigawa T, Harada E, Miyaji H, Koga M, Nishioku T, Yamauchi A, Kataoka Y. Brain pericytes among cells constituting the blood-brain barrier are highly sensitive to tumor necrosis factor-α, releasing matrix metalloproteinase-9 and migrating in vitro. J Neuroinflammation 2011; 8:106. [PMID: 21867555 PMCID: PMC3182916 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in the plasma and brain is associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption through proteolytic activity in neuroinflammatory diseases. MMP-9 is present in the brain microvasculature and its vicinity, where brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), pericytes and astrocytes constitute the BBB. Little is known about the cellular source and role of MMP-9 at the BBB. Here, we examined the ability of pericytes to release MMP-9 and migrate in response to inflammatory mediators in comparison with BMECs and astrocytes, using primary cultures isolated from rat brains. Methods The culture supernatants were collected from primary cultures of rat brain endothelial cells, pericytes, or astrocytes. MMP-9 activities and levels in the supernatants were measured by gelatin zymography and western blot, respectively. The involvement of signaling molecules including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt in the mediation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced MMP-9 release was examined using specific inhibitors. The functional activity of MMP-9 was evaluated by a cell migration assay. Results Zymographic and western blot analyses demonstrated that TNF-α stimulated pericytes to release MMP-9, and this release was much higher than from BMECs or astrocytes. Other inflammatory mediators [interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon-γ, IL-6 and lipopolysaccharide] failed to induce MMP-9 release from pericytes. TNF-α-induced MMP-9 release from pericytes was found to be mediated by MAPKs and PI3K. Scratch wound healing assay showed that in contrast to BMECs and astrocytes the extent of pericyte migration was significantly increased by TNF-α. This pericyte migration was inhibited by anti-MMP-9 antibody. Conclusion These findings suggest that pericytes are most sensitive to TNF-α in terms of MMP-9 release, and are the major source of MMP-9 at the BBB. This pericyte-derived MMP-9 initiated cellular migration of pericytes, which might be involved in pericyte loss in the damaged BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Yamauchi A, Dohgu S, Takata F, Watanabe T, Nishioku T, Matsumoto J, Ohkubo Y, Shuto H, Kataoka Y. Partial hepatectomy aggravates cyclosporin A-induced neurotoxicity by lowering the function of the blood–brain barrier in mice. Life Sci 2011; 88:529-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Dohgu S, Takata F, Matsumoto J, Oda M, Harada E, Watanabe T, Nishioku T, Shuto H, Yamauchi A, Kataoka Y. Autocrine and paracrine up-regulation of blood–brain barrier function by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Microvasc Res 2011; 81:103-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Nishioku T, Matsumoto J, Dohgu S, Sumi N, Miyao K, Takata F, Shuto H, Yamauchi A, Kataoka Y. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Mediates the Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction Induced by Activated Microglia in Mouse Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 112:251-4. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09292sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Sumi N, Nishioku T, Takata F, Matsumoto J, Watanabe T, Shuto H, Yamauchi A, Dohgu S, Kataoka Y. Lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia induce dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier in rat microvascular endothelial cells co-cultured with microglia. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2009; 30:247-53. [PMID: 19728078 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-009-9446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by brain capillary endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, microglia, and neurons. BBB disruption under pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative disease and inflammation is observed in parallel with microglial activation. To test whether activation of microglia is linked to BBB dysfunction, we evaluated the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on BBB functions in an in vitro co-culture system with rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBEC) and microglia. When LPS was added for 6 h to the abluminal side of RBEC/microglia co-culture at a concentration showing no effects on the RBEC monolayer, transendothelial electrical resistance was decreased and permeability to sodium-fluorescein was increased in RBEC. Immunofluorescence staining for tight junction proteins demonstrated that zonula occludens-1-, claudin-5-, and occludin-like immunoreactivities at the intercellular borders of RBEC were fragmented in the presence of LPS-activated microglia. These functional changes induced by LPS-activated microglia were blocked by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor, diphenyleneiodonium chloride. The present findings suggest that LPS activates microglia to induce dysfunction of the BBB by producing reactive oxygen species through NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Sumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
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Takata F, Dohgu S, Nishioku T, Takahashi H, Harada E, Makino I, Nakashima M, Yamauchi A, Kataoka Y. Adrenomedullin-induced relaxation of rat brain pericytes is related to the reduced phosphorylation of myosin light chain through the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Neurosci Lett 2008; 449:71-5. [PMID: 18983892 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Revised: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Brain pericytes are known to embrace the abluminal endothelial surfaces of cerebral microvessels. The rich expression of contractile proteins in these cells suggests pericytal regulation of cerebral blood flow. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which an endothelium-derived relaxing factor, adrenomedullin, was able to induce the relaxation of rat primary cultured brain pericytes. Adrenomedullin increased the relative proportion of pericytes that were relaxed, as shown by an increased cell surface area. A smaller fragment of adrenomedullin (adrenomedullin(22-52)) blocked the adrenomedullin-induced relaxation. Adrenomedullin increased intracellular cAMP concentrations and decreased the phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC). H89 (a PKA inhibitor) inhibited the adrenomedullin-induced increase in the number of relaxed pericytes, and returned the level of phosphorylation of MLC to the control level. The results of the present study suggest that adrenomedullin-induced relaxation of brain pericytes is related to the reduced phosphorylation of MLC through cAMP/PKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Takata F, Sumi N, Nishioku T, Harada E, Wakigawa T, Shuto H, Yamauchi A, Kataoka Y. Oncostatin M induces functional and structural impairment of blood–brain barriers comprised of rat brain capillary endothelial cells. Neurosci Lett 2008; 441:163-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dohgu S, Nishioku T, Sumi N, Takata F, Nakagawa S, Naito M, Tsuruo T, Yamauchi A, Shuto H, Kataoka Y. Adverse effect of cyclosporin A on barrier functions of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells after hypoxia-reoxygenation damage in vitro. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2007; 27:889-99. [PMID: 17934807 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-007-9209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia and post-hypoxic reoxygenation induces disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Alterations of the BBB function after hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury remain unclear. Cyclosporin A (CsA), a potent immunosuppressant, induces neurotoxic effects by entering the brain, although the transport of CsA across the BBB is restricted by P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a multidrug efflux pump, and tight junctions of the brain capillary endothelial cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the BBB after H/R damage is vulnerable to CsA-induced BBB dysfunction. We attempted to establish a pathophysiological BBB model with immortalized mouse brain capillary endothelial (MBEC4) cells. The effects of CsA on permeability and P-gp activity of the MBEC4 cells were then examined. Exposure to hypoxia for 4 h and reoxygenation for 1 h (H/R (4 h/1 h)) produced a significant decrease in P-gp function of MBEC4 cells, without changing cell viability and permeability for sodium fluorescein and Evan's blue-albumin at 7 days after H/R (4 h/1 h). CsA-induced hyperpermeability and P-gp dysfunction in MBEC4 monolayers at 7 days after H/R (4 h/1 h) were exacerbated. The possibility that CsA penetrates the BBB with incomplete functions in the vicinity of cerebral infarcts to induce neurotoxicity has to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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Nishioku T, Takata F, Yamauchi A, Sumi N, Yamamoto I, Fujino A, Naito M, Tsuruo T, Shuto H, Kataoka Y. Protective Action of Indapamide, a Thiazide-Like Diuretic, on Ischemia-Induced Injury and Barrier Dysfunction in Mouse Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2007; 103:323-7. [PMID: 17332692 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.sc0060222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of indapamide on ischemic damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vitro. The ischemia/reperfusion conditions employed here significantly decreased the viability of mouse brain capillary endothelial (MBEC4) cells, an effect ameliorated by indapamide. Ischemia increased the permeability of MBEC4 cells to two cellular transport markers, sodium fluorescein and Evan's blue-albumin. Indapamide reduced the ischemia-induced hyperpermeability of cells. These results suggest that indapamide may have a protective role against ischemia-induced injury and dysfunction of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Nishioku
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Takata F, Dohgu S, Yamauchi A, Sumi N, Nakagawa S, Naito M, Tsuruo T, Shuto H, Kataoka Y. Inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta production in brain pericytes contributes to cyclosporin A-induced dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2006; 27:317-28. [PMID: 17192829 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-006-9125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 10/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
: 1. The present study was designed to clarify whether brain pericytes and pericyte-derived transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) participate in cyclosporin A (CsA)-induced dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB).2. The presence of brain pericytes markedly aggravated CsA-increased permeability of MBEC4 cells to sodium fluorescein and accumulation of rhodamine 123 in MBEC4 cells.3. Exposure to CsA significantly decreased the levels of TGF-beta1 mRNA in brain pericytes in pericyte co-cultures. Treatment with TGF-beta1 dose-dependently inhibited CsA-induced hyperpermeability and P-glycoprotein dysfunction of MBEC4 cells in pericyte co-cultures.4. These findings suggest that an inhibition of brain pericyte-derived TGF-beta1 contributes to the occurrence of CsA-induced dysfunction of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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Dohgu S, Takata F, Yamauchi A, Nakagawa S, Egawa T, Naito M, Tsuruo T, Sawada Y, Niwa M, Kataoka Y. Brain pericytes contribute to the induction and up-regulation of blood-brain barrier functions through transforming growth factor-beta production. Brain Res 2005; 1038:208-15. [PMID: 15757636 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2004] [Revised: 01/06/2005] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly organized multicellular complex consisting of an endothelium, brain pericytes and astrocytes. The present study was aimed at evaluating the role of brain pericytes in the induction and maintenance of BBB functions and involvement of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in the functional properties of pericytes. We used an in vitro BBB model established by coculturing immortalized mouse brain capillary endothelial (MBEC4) cells with a primary culture of rat brain pericytes. The coculture with rat pericytes significantly decreased the permeability to sodium fluorescein and the accumulation of rhodamine 123 in MBEC4 cells, suggesting that brain pericytes induce and up-regulate the BBB functions. Rat brain pericytes expressed TGF-beta1 mRNA. The pericyte-induced enhancement of BBB functions was significantly inhibited when cells were treated with anti-TGF-beta1 antibody (10 microg/ml) or a TGF-beta type I receptor antagonist (SB431542) (10 microM) for 12 h. In MBEC4 monolayers, a 12 h exposure to TGF-beta1 (1 ng/ml) significantly facilitated the BBB functions, this facilitation being blocked by SB431542. These findings suggest that brain pericytes contribute to the up-regulation of BBB functions through continuous TGF-beta production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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Dohgu S, Yamauchi A, Nakagawa S, Takata F, Kai M, Egawa T, Naito M, Tsuruo T, Sawada Y, Niwa M, Kataoka Y. Nitric oxide mediates cyclosporine-induced impairment of the blood–brain barrier in cocultures of mouse brain endothelial cells and rat astrocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 505:51-9. [PMID: 15556136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to clarify the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the adverse effect of cyclosporine on the blood-brain barrier. Cyclosporine increased the permeability of sodium-fluorescein and the cellular accumulation of rhodamine 123, a substrate of P-glycoprotein, in mouse brain endothelial (MBEC4) cells. This effect was markedly enhanced two- to threefold when MBEC4 cells were cocultured with rat astrocytes or C6 glioma cells. Direct and continuous electrochemical measurement of NO demonstrated that cyclosporine dose-dependently increased histamine- and phenylephrine-evoked NO production in MBEC4 cells and astrocytes, respectively. A NO synthase inhibitor (NG-monomethyl-L-arginine) blocked slightly and markedly cyclosporine-induced impairment of the endothelial barrier in the monolayer and coculture system, respectively. These findings suggest that cyclosporine impairs the brain endothelial barrier function by accelerating NO production in the brain endothelial and astroglial cells. This event may be interpreted as triggering the occurrence of cyclosporine neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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Dohgu S, Yamauchi A, Takata F, Naito M, Tsuruo T, Higuchi S, Sawada Y, Kataoka Y. Transforming Growth Factor- 1 Upregulates the Tight Junction and P-glycoprotein of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2004; 24:491-7. [PMID: 15206827 DOI: 10.1023/b:cemn.0000022776.47302.ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
1. The present study was aimed at elucidating effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) on blood-brain barrier (BBB) functions with mouse brain capillary endothelial (MBEC4) cells. 2. The permeability coefficients of sodium fluorescein and Evans blue albumin for MBEC4 cells and the cellular accumulation of rhodamine 123 in MBEC4 cells were dose-dependently decreased after a 12-h exposure to TGF-beta1 (0.01-10 ng/mL). 3. The present study demonstrates that TGF-beta lowers the endothelial permeability and enhances the functional activity of P-gp, suggesting that cellular constituents producing TGF-beta in the brain may keep the BBB functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Medico-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Dohgu S, Yamauchi A, Takata F, Sawada Y, Higuchi S, Naito M, Tsuruo T, Shirabe S, Niwa M, Katamine S, Kataoka Y. Uptake and Efflux of Quinacrine, a Candidate for the Treatment of Prion Diseases, at the Blood-Brain Barrier. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2004; 24:205-17. [PMID: 15176436 DOI: 10.1023/b:cemn.0000018617.21378.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
1. A clinical trial of quinacrine in patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is now in progress. The permeability of drugs through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a determinant of their therapeutic efficacy for prion diseases. The mechanism of quinacrine transport across the BBB was investigated using mouse brain endothelial cells (MBEC4). 2. The permeability of quinacrine through MBEC4 cells was lower than that of sodium fluorescein, a BBB-impermeable marker. The basolateral-to-apical transport of quinacrine was greater than its apical-to-basolateral transport. In the presence of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor, cyclosporine or verapamil, the apical-to-basolateral transport of quinacrine increased. The uptake of quinacrine by MBEC4 cells was enhanced in the presence of cyclosporine or verapamil. 3. Quinacrine uptake was highly concentrative, this event being carried out by a saturable and carrier-mediated system with an apparent Km of 52.1 microM. Quinacrine uptake was insensitive to Na+-depletion and changes in the membrane potential and sensitive to changes in pH. This uptake was decreased by tetraethylammonium and cimetidine, a substrate and an inhibitor of organic cation transporters, respectively. 4. These findings suggest that quinacrine transport at the BBB is mediated by the efflux system (P-gp) and the influx system (organic cation transporter-like machinery).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Medico-Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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