1
|
Romano JE, Bardhi A, Pagliuca G, Villadόniga GB, Barbarossa A. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in serum and seminal plasma in beef bulls. Theriogenology 2024; 218:276-281. [PMID: 38377713 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to compare the serum and seminal plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of florfenicol (FLO) and florfenicol amine (FLA) after the administration of FLO either by IM or SC routes in beef bulls. Four clinically healthy Hereford bulls underwent a comprehensive physical exam, including breeding soundness examination, CBC, and chemistry profile panel. Bulls were healthy and classified satisfactory potential breeders. In one group (n = 2), a single dose of FLO was administered SC in the middle of the neck at a dose of 40 mg/kg of body weight. In the second group (n = 2), a single dose was administered IM in the muscles of the neck at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Concentrations of FLO and FLA in serum and seminal plasma were determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Blood and semen samples were collected before the administration of FLO and at 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 h after injection. The blood was collected from the coccygeal vessels, and semen was collected by electroejaculation. All samples were immediately refrigerated, processed within the first hour after collection, and finally stored at -80 °C. The mean level of total FLO in serum was higher when administered by the SC route (1,415.5 ng/mL) than by the IM route (752.4 ng/mL; P = 0.001). Differences were observed between the percentage of FLA in serum (1.8%; ranging from 1.3 to 2.9) and in seminal plasma (27.5%; ranging from 15.9 to 34.2; P = 0.0001). The mean level (±SD) of FLA was higher in seminal plasma compared to serum (467 ± 466 ng/mL and 18 ± 16 ng/mL, respectively; P = 0.001). The mean level of total FLO in seminal plasma was 1,454.8 ng/mL for the SC route and 1,872.9 ng/mL for the IM route without differences between the two routes (P = 0.51). Differences in the mean level of total FLO between serum and seminal plasma were detected (1,187 ± 2,069 ng/mL and 1,748 ± 1,906 ng/mL, respectively; P = 0.04). From the present investigation, it was concluded that FLO is a suitable antibiotic based on its pharmacokinetic attributes and may be employed for the treatment of bull genital infections when its use is indicated. To study the pharmacokinetics of FLO in seminal plasma, the analysis of FLA should be incorporated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan E Romano
- Cooperative of Agriculture and Research Center, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX, 77446, USA.
| | - Anisa Bardhi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampiero Pagliuca
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy; Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), University of Bologna, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Barbarossa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy; Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), University of Bologna, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abo-Sriea TM, Ismael E, Sobhi BM, Hassan NH, Elleithy EMM, Omar SA, Soliman AM, Fahmy KNED, Ramadan A. Impact of dietary-nucleotides and Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derivatives on growth-performance, antioxidant-capacity, immune-response, small-intestine histomorphometry, caecal- Clostridia, and litter-hygiene of broiler-chickens treated with florfenicol. Int J Vet Sci Med 2024; 12:11-24. [PMID: 38487499 PMCID: PMC10939105 DOI: 10.1080/23144599.2024.2324411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress in poultry production is energy-demanding. Nucleotides and yeast cell-wall products are essential nutrients for broiler performance, gut function, and immune response. Antibiotics, like florfenicol, negatively affect the immune system. A total of 600 one-d-old broiler chickens (Cobb-500) were weighed and randomly allotted into four groups with three replicates each. The control group (G1) received the basal diet, G2 received a diet supplemented with a combination of nucleotides and Saccharomyces cerevisiae derivatives (250 g/Ton), G3 received the basal diet and medicated with florfenicol (25 mg/Kg body weight) in drinking water for 5 days, while G4 received a combination of nucleotides and Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derivatives (250 g/Ton) and medicated with florfenicol in drinking water. Growth performance criteria were recorded weekly. Blood, intestinal contents, small-intestine sections, and litter samples were collected to measure birds' performance, carcass yields, leukocytic counts, antioxidant capacity, antibody titres, phagocytic index, caecal Clostridia, intestinal histomorphometry, and litter hygiene. Nucleotide-supplemented groups (G2 and G4) revealed significant (p ≤ 0.05) improvements in feed conversion, and body weight, but not for carcass yields in comparison to the control. Dietary nucleotides in G2 elevated blood total proteins, leucocytic count, antioxidant capacity, and phagocytic index, while they lowered blood lipids and litter moisture and nitrogen (p ≤ 0.05). Dietary nucleotides in G4 ameliorated the immunosuppressive effect of florfenicol (p ≤ 0.05) indicated in reducing caecal Clostridia, improving duodenal and ileal villi length, and increasing blood albumin and globulin levels, and phagocytosis%. Supplementing diets with nucleotides and yeast products has improved the immune system and provided a healthier gut for broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elshaimaa Ismael
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Basant Mohsen Sobhi
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Neven H. Hassan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ebtihal M. M. Elleithy
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherif AbdElmonam Omar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Soliman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khaled Nasr El-Din Fahmy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amer Ramadan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li SC, Zhang M, Wang B, Li XT, Liang G. Coptisine Modulates the Pharmacokinetics of Florfenicol by targeting CYP1A2, CYP2C11 and CYP3A1 in the Liver and P-gp in the Jejunum of Rats: A Pilot Study. Xenobiotica 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37144948 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2211135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
1. Coptisine (COP) is the main active ingredient of Coptis chinensis. In Chinese veterinary clinics, Coptis chinensis is commonly used alongside florfenicol to treat intestinal infections. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of COP co-administration on the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in rats.2. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered COP (50 mg/kg BW) or sterile water for 7 consecutive days, followed by a single oral dose of florfenicol (25 mg/kg BW) on the 8th day. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol were analyzed using non-compartmental methods, while expression levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms in the liver and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the jejunum were measured using real-time RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses.3. Co-administration of COP and florfenicol significantly increased AUC(0-∞), MRT(0-∞), and Cmax of florfenicol, while CLz/F was significantly decreased. COP down-regulated the expression of CYP1A2, CYP2C11, and CYP3A1 in the liver, as well as P-gp in the jejunum.4. These findings suggest that co-administration of COP with florfenicol alters the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in rats. The down-regulation of CYP and P-gp expression may contribute to this effect. Therefore, the co-administration of COP with florfenicol may enhance the prophylactic or therapeutic efficacy of florfenicol in veterinary practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Cong Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Veterinary Natural Medicine Research and GCP Experimental Animal Centre, Lezhi, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Veterinary Natural Medicine Research and GCP Experimental Animal Centre, Lezhi, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Veterinary Natural Medicine Research and GCP Experimental Animal Centre, Lezhi, China
| | - Xu-Ting Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Veterinary Natural Medicine Research and GCP Experimental Animal Centre, Lezhi, China
| | - Ge Liang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Veterinary Natural Medicine Research and GCP Experimental Animal Centre, Lezhi, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang M, Wang B, Li XT, Yin Q, Liang G, Li SC. Impact of tectoridin on the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol via targeting cytochrome P450 and P-glycoprotein of rats. Xenobiotica 2023; 53:429-437. [PMID: 37781957 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2261040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC, commonly used with florfenicol in Chinese veterinary clinics for respiratory tract infections, contains the major effective isoflavone, tectoridin (TEC). This study aimed to investigate the impact of TEC co-administration on the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in vivo.Male rats received oral TEC (50 mg/kg BW) or sterile water for seven days, followed by a single oral dose of florfenicol (25 mg/kg BW) on the 8th day. Non-compartmental methods analysed the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol, while real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses measured expression levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms in the liver and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the jejunum.TEC significantly decreased florfenicol's AUC(0-∞), MRT(0-∞), t1/2z, Vz/F, and Cmax by 24.75%, 18.43%, 55.47%, 43.05%, and 19.48%, while increasing CLz/F by 33.33%. TEC also up-regulated hepatic CYP1A2 and CYP3A1 mRNA expression, as well as intestinal MDR1, by 1.39-fold, 1.85-fold, and 1.65-fold. This coincided with a respective increase in protein expression by 1.37-fold, 1.39-fold, and 1.43-fold.These findings suggest that TEC-induced alterations in the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol may be attributed to increased CYP and P-gp expression. Further investigations are warranted to understand the implications of these findings on the clinical effectiveness of florfenicol in veterinary practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Veterinary Natural Medicine Research and GCP Experimental Animal Centre, Lezhi, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Veterinary Natural Medicine Research and GCP Experimental Animal Centre, Lezhi, China
| | - Xu-Ting Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Veterinary Natural Medicine Research and GCP Experimental Animal Centre, Lezhi, China
| | - Qin Yin
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ge Liang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Veterinary Natural Medicine Research and GCP Experimental Animal Centre, Lezhi, China
| | - Si-Cong Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
- Veterinary Natural Medicine Research and GCP Experimental Animal Centre, Lezhi, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li X, Li S, Wang B, Zhang M, Yuan D, Li J, Liang G. Borneol influences the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol through regulation of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), CYP2C11, CYP3A1, and multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) mRNA expression levels in rats. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1338-1344. [PMID: 34176823 PMCID: PMC8437715 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Borneol is a traditional Chinese medicine. In Chinese veterinary clinics, borneol and its
related compounds are often used in combination with florfenicol to treat respiratory
infections. This study investigated whether the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in rats
was affected by its concomitant use with borneol. Sprague-Dawley rats were
intragastrically administered borneol (50 mg/kg body weight (BW)) or 0.5%
carboxymethyl-cellulose sodium for 7 consecutive days, and then intragastrically
administered florfenicol (25 mg/kg BW) on the eighth day. Pharmacokinetic studies showed
that borneol significantly decreased the area under the concentration-time curve from zero
to infinity (AUC(0-t)), time to reach peak concentration (Tmax), and
the peak concentration (Cmax) values of florfenicol, whereas the values of mean
residence time from zero to infinity (MRT(0-t)), elimination half-life
(t1/2z), apparent volume of distribution fraction of the dose absorbed (Vz),
and plasma clearance fraction of the dose absorbed (CLz) were increased significantly.
Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) and cytochrome
P450 3A1 (CYP3A1) in the jejunum and of CYP1A2 and CYP2C11 in the liver were significantly
upregulated by borneol. In conclusion, borneol decreased absorption, increased clearance,
improved distribution, and increased the mean residence time of florfenicol in rats,
possibly through regulating the mRNA expression levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes and
efflux transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuting Li
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China
| | - Sicong Li
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China
| | - Dingsheng Yuan
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China
| | - Jinliang Li
- Sichuan Dingjian Animal Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 19 7th East Road, Checheng, Longquanyi, Chengdu 610100, PR China
| | - Ge Liang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang, Chengdu 610066, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang X, Han C, Cui Y, Geng Y, Wei Y, Shi W, Bao Y. Florfenicol induces renal toxicity in chicks by promoting oxidative stress and apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:936-946. [PMID: 32827115 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To explore the mechanism of renal toxicity induced by florfenicol (FFC), 120 chicks were randomly divided into 6 groups, 20 in each group. Except for the control group, different doses of FFC (0.15 g/L, 0.3 g/L, 0.6 g/L, 1.2 g/L, and 1.8 g/L) were added to drinking water in the other 5 groups. Five days later, blood was collected from the vein under the wing, and the complete kidneys were obtained as soon as possible, then tested the experimental indicators. The results showed that compared with control group, all doses of FFC significantly reduced the average weight gain of chicks (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Except for the 0.15 g/L FFC group, kidney index of chicks in the other doses of FFC groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The kidney tissues in all FFC groups showed obvious damage, deformities, cell atrophy, and cell gap enlargement. In addition, all doses of FFC significantly increased the contents of uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE) in serum, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in renal tissue (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), but significantly reduced the levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in renal tissue (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). FFC significantly inhibited the mRNA and protein expression levels of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate: quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1), and increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of p53, Caspase-3, and Caspase-6 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The apoptotic rate of renal cells in all doses of FFC groups increased significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). It was concluded that FFC had a certain degree of nephrotoxicity, and with the increase of FFC concentration, the kidney injury of chicks became more and more serious. FFC promoted oxidative stress response in kidney of chicks by inhibiting the expression of related factors in Nrf2-ARE pathway. Moreover, the expression of pro-apoptotic factors was upregulated to improve the apoptosis rate of renal cells, which resulted in excessive apoptosis of renal cells and seriously affected the kidney function of chicks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596, Le Kai South Street, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Chao Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596, Le Kai South Street, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Yuqing Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596, Le Kai South Street, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Yumeng Geng
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596, Le Kai South Street, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596, Le Kai South Street, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Wanyu Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596, Le Kai South Street, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Yongzhan Bao
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596, Le Kai South Street, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Baoding, 071001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Z, Li Y, Hu M, Yu A. Comparative transcriptome profiling reveals a mechanism of Streptococcus agalactiae resistance to florfenicol. Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104098. [PMID: 32109567 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Florfenicol is widely used to control diseases in aquatic animals, and is used extensively to treat streptococcosis-caused by Streptococcus agalactiae-in the commercially important fish tilapia. There are known issues with the development of florfenicol resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae, but the underlying resistance mechanisms are not clear, a situation currently preventing optimal deployment of antibiotics. Here, we examined the induction of resistance by successively increasing the concentrations of florfenicol, and then used RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) to characterize changes in the transcriptomes of a florfenicol-resistant strain (H51-R) and a florfenicol-sensitive strain (H51-S). We obtained a total of 18,418,068 sequence reads in H51-R and 16,070,122 sequence reads in H51-S, from which a total of 1940 unigenes were assembled. In total, 376 unigenes were found to be differently expressed genes (DEGs). After florfenicol treatment, 181 genes were upregulated and 195 genes were downregulated. GO functional analysis of the DEGs indicated that the most strongly enriched GO terms included metabolic process (152 genes), catalytic activity (146), and binding (133), with terms including membrane, membrane part, and transporter activity also showing enrichment. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis highlighted that ribosomes were prominently involved in the transcriptional changes associated with florfenicol resistance. This study demonstrates that florfenicol treatment affects multiple biological functions of Streptococcus agalactiae, suggests that florfenicol resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae is closely related to the reduction of intracellular drug accumulation caused by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and highlights the potential involvement of altered ribosomal function in florfenicol resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Changping, 102206, Beijing, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, 102206, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Minqiang Hu
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Angen Yu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Research Center for Marine Biology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li XT, Li SC, Wang B, Yang R, Zhang M, Li JL, Huang W, Cao L, Xiao SY. Effects of baicalin on pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and mRNA expression of CYP1A2, CYP2C11, CYP3A1, UGT1A1, MDR1, and ABCC2 in rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_261_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
9
|
Li S, Li X, Yang R, Wang B, Li J, Cao L, Xiao S, Huang W. Effects of anemoside B4 on pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and mRNA expression of CXR, MDR1, CYP3A37 and UGT1E in broilers. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:1804-1809. [PMID: 31611492 PMCID: PMC6943327 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsatillae radix, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is often used
in combination with florfenicol for treatment of intestinal infection in Chinese
veterinary clinics. Anemoside B4 (AB4) is the major effective saponin in
Pulsatillae radix. This study aimed to investigate whether the
pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in broilers was affected by the combination of AB4. In
this study, broilers were given AB4 (50 mg/kg BW), or 0.9% sodium chloride solution by
oral administration for 7 days. They were then fed florfenicol orally (30 mg/kg BW) on the
eighth day. The results showed that the AUC(0-∞), MRT(0-∞),
t1/2z and Cmax of florfenicol were significantly decreased, and
the Vz/F and CLz/F were significantly increased by AB4; the mRNA expression levels of CXR,
CYP3A37 and MDR1 (except CXR and CYP3A37 in the liver) were up-regulated by AB4. In
conclusion, AB4 altered the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol, resulting in lower plasma
concentrations of florfenicol, this was probably related to the mRNA expression of CXR,
CYP3A37 and MDR1 in the jejunum and liver (except CXR and CYP3A37) increased by AB4. The
implications of these findings on the effect of traditional Chinese medicine containing
AB4 on the effectiveness of florfenicol in veterinary practice deserve study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Li
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang district, Chengdu 610066, PR China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang district, Chengdu 610066, PR China
| | - Xuting Li
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang district, Chengdu 610066, PR China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang district, Chengdu 610066, PR China
| | - Rui Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang district, Chengdu 610066, PR China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang district, Chengdu 610066, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang district, Chengdu 610066, PR China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang district, Chengdu 610066, PR China
| | - Jinliang Li
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang district, Chengdu 610066, PR China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 7 Niusha Road, Jinjiang district, Chengdu 610066, PR China
| | - Liang Cao
- Sichuan Dingjian Animal Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 19 7th East Road, Checheng, Longquanyi district, Chengdu 610100, PR China
| | - Songyang Xiao
- Sichuan Dingjian Animal Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 19 7th East Road, Checheng, Longquanyi district, Chengdu 610100, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Sichuan Dingjian Animal Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 19 7th East Road, Checheng, Longquanyi district, Chengdu 610100, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Blake J, Keil D, Kwochka K, Palma K, Schofield J. Evaluation of a single-administration ototopical treatment for canine otitis externa: a randomised trial. Vet Rec Open 2017; 4:e000219. [PMID: 29177053 PMCID: PMC5687536 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2017-000219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new, single-administration Otic Solution containing florfenicol, terbinafine and mometasone furoate for the treatment of canine otitis externa (OE). Design The clinical efficacy and safety study was a multicentre, controlled, masked and randomised field study conducted over 30 days. Two hundred and twenty-one (221) client-owned dogs of varying breeds with diagnosed bacterial and/or fungal OE were enrolled. Procedure Dogs were randomised to either Otic Solution or control groups. Evaluations were conducted over a minimum period of 30 days with a primary effectiveness endpoint based on the improvement in a clinical severity score at the final visit (day 30). Safety analyses were based on clinical and laboratory parameters and the occurrence of adverse events. Results The Otic Solution group demonstrated a significantly higher treatment success rate compared with that observed for the control group (72.5 per cent v 11.1 per cent, P value=0.0001) for cases of OE caused by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Malassezia pachydermatis. No significant safety findings were reported. Conclusions/clinical relevance This new ototopical formulation provides safe and effective treatment of canine OE and is an important alternative antimicrobial for this indication. The single-administration dosage regimen eliminates opportunities for client dosage administration errors and medication stockpiling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Blake
- Animal Health Division, Bayer, Shawnee Mission, Kansas, USA
| | - Daniel Keil
- Animal Health Division, Bayer, Shawnee Mission, Kansas, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Anderson SC, Subbiah S, Gentles A, Austin G, Stonum P, Brooks TA, Brooks C, Smith EE. Qualitative and Quantitative Drug residue analyses: Florfenicol in white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) and supermarket meat by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1033-1034:73-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
12
|
Geng ZX, Li HM, Tian J, Liu TF, Yu ZG. Study of pharmacokinetics of an in situ forming gel system for controlled delivery of florfenicol in pigs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2015; 38:596-600. [PMID: 25771961 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To reduce florfenicol (FFC) administration frequency in veterinary use, the drug was currently developed into in situ forming gel. Twelve pigs were randomly divided into two groups (six pigs per group). A single i.m. dose of 40 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) was given to pigs, group one was given FFC in situ forming gel, and group two was given FFC conventional injection. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine FFC plasma concentrations. There were significant differences (P < 0.01) between FFC in situ forming gel and conventional injection, in pharmacokinetic parameters MRT (mean retention time) (57.79 ± 2.88) h versus (15.94 ± 1.29) h, AUC (area under the concentration-time curve) (421.54 ± 8.97) μg·h/mL versus (168.16 ± 4.59) μg·h/mL, tmax (time of occurrence of cmax ) (9.00 ± 2.68) h versus (4.33 ± 0.82) h, cmax (maximum plasma concentration) (6.87 ± 0.66) μg/mL versus (12.01 ± 0.66) μg/mL, t1/2λz (terminal elimination half-life) (38.04 ± 2.20) h versus (9.15 ± 2.71) h. The results demonstrated that the in situ forming gel system could shorten dosing interval of FFC and thus achieved less frequent administration during long-term treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z-X Geng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - H-M Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - J Tian
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - T-F Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Z-G Yu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu C, Wang SJ, Zhang Q, Shao YX. Influence of three coccidiostats on the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in rabbits. Exp Anim 2014; 64:73-9. [PMID: 25319758 PMCID: PMC4329518 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.14-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In-feed Medication has been used for a long time to prevent coccidiosis, a worldwide
protozoal disease in rabbits. Florfenicol (FFC) has been widely used in veterinary clinics
for bacterial diseases treatment. Therefore, the use of combinations of coccidiostats with
FFC in rabbits is common. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of three
coccidiostats, sulfaquinoxaline (SUL), robenidine (ROB), and toltrazuril (TOL), as feed
additives on the pharmacokinetic profile of FFC in rabbits. The disposition kinetics of
FFC in rabbits were investigated after a single intravenous injection (25 mg/kg) in
rabbits fed anticoccidial-free diets or feeds containing SUL (250 ppm), ROB (66 ppm), or
TOL (2 ppm), respectively, for 20 days. Plasma FFC concentrations were determined by the
high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The pharmacokinetic parameters of
FFC were analyzed using a non-compartmental analysis based on the statistical moment
theory. The results demonstrated that ROB feeding resulted in an obvious decrease in
plasma FFC level as compared with anticoccidial-free feeding. The terminal elimination
half-life (t1/2z), area under the concentration–time curve
(AUC), area under the first moment curve (AUMC), and
mean residence time (MRT) significantly decreased, whereas the
elimination rate constant (λz) and total body clearance
(CLz) obviously increased in rabbits pretreated with ROB.
However, we did not find that SUL or TOL feeding had any effect on the pharmacokinetic
profile of FFC. Our findings suggested that more attention should be paid to the use of
FFC in rabbits supplemented with ROB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Banche G, Allizond V, Mandras N, Tullio V, Cuffini AM. Host immune modulation by antimicrobial drugs: current knowledge and implications for antimicrobial chemotherapy. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 18:159-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
15
|
Sato R, Kobayashi S, Abe Y, Kamishina H, Oda S, Yasuda J, Sasaki J. Clinical effects of bovine lactoferrin on two canine cases with familial neutrophil dysfunction. J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74:1177-83. [PMID: 22531102 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.11-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reported detailed clinical effects of bovine lactoferrin on 2 canine littermates (1 female and 1 male) with familial neutrophil dysfunction and an investigation of their genetic background. Clinical signs caused by severe upper respiratory bacterial infections were observed in these dogs. Oral administration of bovine lactoferrin for a long duration improved their clinical signs (severe uveitis in the female dog and coughing from pneumonia in the male dog). Their backcross dogs that have the same father didn't show clinical signs of bacterial infection. Neutrophil function tests revealed that the backcross dogs didn't have any disorders. It is likely that abnormal clinical signs are associated with neutrophil dysfunction in the colony, and the mother dog of these cases might be the genetic carrier of this dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reeko Sato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Modric T, Modric S, Murphy MJ, Bright SJ, Shults S. Safety of antibiotic drugs in food animals: comparison of findings from preapproval studies and postapproval experience in the United States with safety information in published literature. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2011; 27:389-405, ix. [PMID: 21575776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are among the most widely prescribed drugs and are generally considered safe for the target species. However, their use has been associated with various adverse toxic effects in target animals, such as allergic reactions, gastrointestinal signs, cardiovascular effects, hypoglycemia, hepatic/renal toxicity, thrombocytopenia, and anaphylaxis. This article provides a qualitative summary of the adverse events observed in target animals during the evaluation of antibiotics by the Food and Drug Administration during both preapproval and postapproval periods. As there is a marked scarcity of published data on safety of antibiotics in food animals, more research is needed in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Modric
- Office of Surveillance and Compliance, FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine, 7519 Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Caipang CMA, Lazado CC, Brinchmann MF, Berg I, Kiron V. In vivo modulation of immune response and antioxidant defense in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua following oral administration of oxolinic acid and florfenicol. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 150:459-64. [PMID: 19596082 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxolinic acid and florfenicol are the commonly used antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial diseases in Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. The changes in selected innate humoral immune response of the fish, bacterial proliferation in serum and transcriptional activity of selected immune and antioxidant defense-related genes following oral administration of these antimicrobial compounds were evaluated. Juvenile cod (75-100 g) were fed commercial feed coated with either florfenicol (10 mg kg(-1) fish, active ingredient) or oxolinic acid (20 mg kg(-1) fish, active ingredient) at a ration of 0.5% body weight for 10 days. Whole blood and serum samples were collected on the 10th day of feeding the antibiotics and at 3, 5 and 10 days after their withdrawal. Serum protein was significantly higher in fish at the 10th day post-withdrawal of both antibiotics. Florfenicol-fed fish had lower myeloperoxidase activity at 3 days post-withdrawal, while there were differential effects on alkaline phosphatase activity. Vibrio anguillarum and Aeromonas salmonicida were significantly reduced in the sera of antibiotics-fed fish until the 5th day post-withdrawal. Florfenicol could inhibit V. anguillarum better than oxolinic acid, while A. salmonicida was more susceptible than V. anguillarum upon treatment with both antibiotics. Furthermore, transcriptional profiles of selected genes related to bacterial defense, inflammation and antioxidant defense were dependent on the type of antibiotics that was administered and the time of sampling. These results indicate that oral administration of antibiotics modulates the immune response and antioxidant defense in Atlantic cod and these may, in turn, affect their ability to resist bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
|
18
|
Khalifeh M, Amawi M, Abu-Basha E, Yonis IB. Assessment of humoral and cellular-mediated immune response in chickens treated with tilmicosin, florfenicol, or enrofloxacin at the time of Newcastle disease vaccination. Poult Sci 2009; 88:2118-24. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
19
|
Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol after intravenous and intramuscular administration in New Zealand White rabbits. Res Vet Sci 2009; 87:102-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
20
|
Park BK, Lim JH, Kim MS, Hwang YH, Yun HI. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and its metabolite, florfenicol amine, in dogs. Res Vet Sci 2008; 84:85-9. [PMID: 17570454 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2007.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2005] [Revised: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A study on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of florfenicol was conducted in six healthy dogs following a single intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) dose of 20 mg kg(-1) body weight (b.w.). Florfenicol concentrations in serum were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Plasma concentration-time data after p.o. or i.v. administration were analyzed by a non-compartmental analysis. Following i.v. injection, the total body clearance was 1.03 (0.49) L kg(-1)h(-1) and the volume of distribution at steady-state was 1.45 (0.82) L kg(-1). Florfenicol was rapidly distributed and eliminated following i.v. injection with 1.11 (0.94)h of the elimination half-life. After oral administration, the calculated mean C(max) values (6.18 microg ml(-1)) were reached at 0.94 h in dogs. The elimination half-life of florfenicol was 1.24 (0.64) h and the absolute bioavailability (F) was achieved 95.43 (11.60)% after oral administration of florfenicol. Florfenicol amine, the major metabolite of florfenicol, was detected in all dogs after i.v. and p.o. administrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Kwon Park
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Othman OE, El-Rafey GA, Hassan TA. Cytogenetic and Hematological Effects of the Antibiotic Chloramphenicol on Calves. CYTOLOGIA 2005. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.70.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Galila A. El-Rafey
- Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt
| | - Tarek A. Hassan
- Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fajt VR, Apley MD, Roth JA, Frank DE, Brogden KA, Skogerboe TL, Shostrom VK, Chin YL. The effects of danofloxacin and tilmicosin on neutrophil function and lung consolidation in beef heifer calves with induced Pasteurella (Mannheimia) haemolytica pneumonia. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2003; 26:173-9. [PMID: 12755900 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2885.2003.00477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pneumonia caused by Pasteurella (Mannheimia) haemolytica was induced in weaned beef heifer calves, approximately 6 months of age. Calves were treated at 20 h after challenge with therapeutic doses of danofloxacin or tilmicosin. Peripheral blood neutrophils were collected at 3, 24 and 48 h after treatment. The ex vivo effects on neutrophil function, neutrophil apoptosis, and hematological parameters were examined, as was the effect on percentage lung consolidation. Neutrophil function assays included random migration under agarose, cytochrome C reduction, iodination, Staphylococcus aureus ingestion, chemotaxis, and antibody-dependent and antibody-independent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Apoptosis was determined using a cell death detection kit. Killing was performed at 72 h after treatment. Statistical comparisons were made among the three groups of challenged-treated animals: saline, danofloxacin, and tilmicosin. Comparisons were also made between nonchallenged nontreated animals (NCH) and challenged saline-treated animals. There were no significant differences for any of the neutrophil function assays or neutrophil apoptosis among the challenged-treated groups. This suggests that danofloxacin and tilmicosin have no clinically significant effects on neutrophil function or apoptosis. There were also no significant differences in percentage lung consolidation among the challenged-treated groups. Significant differences were found between the NCH calves and the challenged saline-treated calves in several neutrophil assays, which were attributed to effects of P. haemolytica infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V R Fajt
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA 50010-3020, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chadfield M, Olsen J. Determination of the oxidative burst chemiluminescent response of avian and murine-derived macrophages versus corresponding cell lines in relation to stimulation with Salmonella serotypes. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2001; 80:289-308. [PMID: 11457481 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(01)00325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to mammalian systems, avian species lack a resident or harvestable macrophage population in the abdominal exudate. Peritoneal macrophages in the chicken can be elicited if an inflammatory agent such as sephadex is injected. This study examines the kinetics of different macrophage populations, derived by different methods of isolation and from different hosts, with respect to the elicited oxidative burst upon infection with host-adapted Salmonella serotypes. The nature of the oxidative burst elicited by murine and avian-derived and cell line macrophages was determined after stimulation with phorbol myristate (PMA), zymosan A, and Salmonella serotypes. Both murine and chicken peritoneal macrophages, chicken blood monocytes and corresponding cell lines, J774A.1 and HD-11, were unable to produce a detectable chemiluminescent (CL) response after interaction with Salmonella using the luminescent probe luminol. However, both PMA and zymosan A induced a CL response in all cell types, with PMA eliciting a higher and earlier peak response (pkH) than zymosan A. Lucigenin-enhanced CL in both murine and chicken macrophages was achieved with PMA, zymosan A and Salmonella serotypes. In this case, zymosan A induced higher responses than PMA. In the peritoneal macrophages of both hosts, there were no significant differences in the oxidative burst induced by the different Salmonella serotypes. However, the J774A.1 (murine) cells demonstrated significant differences, with S. enterica serotype Choleraesuis (S. choleraesuis and S. gallinarum producing the highest response. In the HD-11 (chicken) cells, S. choleraesuis and S. dublin elicited the higher CL. With both cell lines, S. abortusovis failed to induce an appreciable CL response. In these experiments it was demonstrated that oxidative burst was not detectable in monocytes/macrophage populations using luminol, which suggests a link to the lack of a myeloperoxidase system in these cells. Lucigenin-enhanced CL appeared independent from the myeloperoxidase system, indicating production of another oxidative species compared with luminol. No discernable effect of host specificity with regard to Salmonella serotype and respective host was seen in host-derived or cell line macrophages, and cell line macrophages displayed altered functional characteristics with regard to oxidative burst in comparison with their primary counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Chadfield
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 C Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rysanek D, Babak V, Sladek Z, Toman M. Variations among Unbred Heifers in the Activities of Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes from the Mammary Gland and Blood. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2001.00423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
26
|
Castells G, Prats C, El Korchi G, Pérez B, Arboix M, Cristòfol C, Martì G. Thiamphenicol disposition in pigs. Res Vet Sci 1999; 66:219-22. [PMID: 10333462 DOI: 10.1053/rvsc.1998.0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic parameters of thiamphenicol (TAP) were determined after intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration of 30 mg kg-1 of TAP in pigs. Plasma drug concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) Intravenous TAP kinetics were fitted to a bi-exponential equation, with a first rapid disposition phase followed by a slower disposition phase. Elimination half-life was short, at 59.3 (29.4) minutes; volume of distribution at steady state was 0.62 (0.24) 1 kg-1; and plasma clearance was 13.4 (4.5) ml min-1 kg-1. After i.m. administration, the peak plasma concentration (Cmax= 4.1 microg ml-1) was reached in about 60 minutes; these concentrations are lower than those reported in other species. The TAP elimination half-life after i.m. administration, 250.2 (107.1) minutes was longer after than i.v. administration, probably due to the slow rate of absorption from the muscle. The mean bioavailability value for i.m. administration was 76 (12) per cent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Castells
- Department de Farmacologia i de Terapèutica. Facultat de Veterinària., Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Krakowski L, Krzyzanowski J, Wrona Z, Siwicki AK. The effect of nonspecific immunostimulation of pregnant mares with 1,3/1,6 glucan and levamisole on the immunoglobulins levels in colostrum, selected indices of nonspecific cellular and humoral immunity in foals in neonatal and postnatal period. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1999; 68:1-11. [PMID: 10231947 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(99)00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of the studies were to evaluate the effect of levamisole and 1,3/1,6 glucan applied in pregnant mares on parameters of non-specific cellular and humoral immunity of foals. Eighteen mares in three experimental groups (six animals in each) and their progeny were examined. Multiparous mares, crossbreed of Polish, full-blood and Hannover lines (400-500 kg), 4-9 years old, originated from four different farms. They were kept under identical zoohygienic and nutritional conditions. The animals were randomly chosen in experimental groups. None of mares had been previously vaccinated. In group I, levamisole was injected three times at 7-day intervals at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg of body weight. Group II was injected at the same periods of time and manner with 1,3/1,6 glucan at a dose of 0.19 mg/kg of body weight, whereas mares in group III served as controls. Injection of the immunostimulators started in mares 4-6 weeks before expected parturition. Blood was taken from foals before the first dose of colostrum, then 18 and 36 h after the first dose of colostrum and on Days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 of life. The parameters determined in blood were reduction of NBT by PMNs, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, test of intracellular killing and in blood sera were total protein, gamma-globulin fraction, lysozyme activity, level of IgG, IgG(T), IgM and IgA. In the first dose of colostrum taken just after parturition, specific gravity, total protein, gamma-globulin complex, lysozyme activity, level of IgG, IgG(T), IgM, IgA were determined. Colostrum of mares immunostimulated with levamisole or 1,3/1,6 glucan were characterized by a high content of IgG and IgG(T) compared to the colostrum of nonstimulated mares. The level of immunity was higher in foals from dams immunostimulated with levamisole or 1,3/1,6 glucan. Clinical examinations in neonatal and postnatal period did not show any abnormalities in these foals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Krakowski
- Department and Clinic of Veterinary Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Agriculture, Lublin, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lundén T, Miettinen S, Lönnström LG, Lilius EM, Bylund G. Effect of florfenicol on the immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1999; 67:317-25. [PMID: 10206200 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(98)00232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Florfenicol, a drug effective against several bacterial diseases of fish, was tested for possible immunomodulatory effects. The aim of the study was to follow the kinetics of the immune response after vaccination with simultaneous oral antibiotic treatment. The fish were immunised with a commercial oil-based divalent (furunculosis/vibriosis) vaccine and were simultaneously given oral antibiotic treatment. The specific immune response was monitored by analysing the levels of specific antibodies with ELISA. As an indicator of the non-specific immune response the phagocytic activity of circulating leucocytes was measured by a chemiluminescence assay. Total circulating leucocyte counts and differentials were also monitored. The disease resistance was evaluated by challenge tests at the end of the experiment. The results showed that florfenicol did not have any significant effect on antibody production and circulating leucocyte levels but caused a suppression in chemiluminescence response/phagocytic cell 5-6 weeks after vaccination. The survival after challenge was slightly suppressed by the florfenicol treatment. The RPS-value for the vaccinated group was 98% and for the florfenicol-treated group was 88%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Lundén
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Biology, Abo Akademi University, BioCity, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hoeben D, Dosogne H, Heyneman R, Burvenich C. Effect of antibiotics on the phagocytotic and respiratory burst activity of bovine granulocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 1997; 332:289-97. [PMID: 9300263 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The influence of antibiotics on respiratory burst (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence) and phagocytosis (flow cytometry) by bovine granulocytes was studied in vitro. Phagocytosis was impaired by 1000 micrograms/ml of oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin and spiramycin. All antibiotics, except sulphadiazine, decreased chemiluminescence at 1000 micrograms/ml or lower concentrations. Enrofloxacin increased chemiluminescence. The inhibition by oxytetracycline and danofloxacin was due to absorption of the light emitted by luminol at 425 nm. Oxytetracycline, ceftiofur, spiramycin and erythromycin affected the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-halide system. Ceftiofur, penicillin and danofloxacin showed scavenging effects on H2O2 and OCI. Penicillin and ceftiofur might interfere with luminol. Chloramphenicol, penicillin and ceftiofur affected the production of superoxide radicals. In summary, the observed effects of antibiotics might be of importance during treatment of infectious diseases in normal and immunocompromised animals. However, before classifying a drug as immunosuppressive, attention has to be paid to possible interference with the chemiluminescence assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Hoeben
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Biometrics, University of Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hoeben D, Burvenich C, Heyneman R. Influence of antimicrobial agents on bactericidal activity of bovine milk polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1997; 56:271-82. [PMID: 9223231 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(96)05759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of nine commonly used antibiotics on the respiratory burst activity of bovine milk polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) of high yielding cows was studied in vitro. Cellular oxidative activity was quantitated after preincubation with drugs at different concentrations and assayed by a PMA (12,13-phorbol myristate acetate)-induced luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) technique. All antibiotics except sulphadiazine and enrofloxacin decreased CL at the highest concentration. Enrofloxacin significantly increased CL. Oxytetracycline inhibited CL even at low doses. The decreased CL with danofloxacin and oxytetracycline was mainly induced by their color, which caused absorption of the blue light emitted by luminol. Production of superoxide radicals measured by the cytochrome c reduction assay was lowered by danofloxacin, penicillin and chloramphenicol. The decreased CL with ceftiofur was due to inhibition of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and to scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Interference with the MPO-H2O2-halide system was also observed with spiramycin, erythromycin and oxytetracycline, while the latter was also observed with penicillin. The stimulatory effect of enrofloxacin might be due to an improvement of the penetration of luminol into the PMNL or to a stimulation of the production of H2O2. Potentiation of the action of PMA by changing the ratio between bound and free intracellular Ca2+ might also be involved. Our results suggest that many antibiotics may affect neutrophil function at concentrations that may be found in milk immediately after intramammary treatment or at concentrations higher than those found in milk after intramammary treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Hoeben
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Benbarek H, Deby-Dupont G, Deby C, Caudron I, Mathy-Hartert M, Lamy M, Serteyn D. Experimental model for the study by chemiluminescence of the activation of isolated equine leucocytes. Res Vet Sci 1996; 61:59-64. [PMID: 8819196 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(96)90112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The activation of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (the respiratory burst) can be studied by measuring their chemiluminescent response. This technique was adapted to equine leucocytes to investigate the effects of cell number, activator concentration, enhancers of chemiluminescence, pH, temperature and inhibitors. Leucocytes were isolated from citrated blood from healthy horses and chemiluminescence was measured with a Bio-Orbit luminometer sensitive to 900 nm light. The optimal cell density for the maximal chemiluminescent response ranged from 10(6) to 10(7) leucocytes 600 microliters-1. Chemiluminescence increased as a function of temperature, and the concentrations of luminol, lucigenin and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and was pH related (optimal pH value = 8.0 for lucigenin and 8.5 for luminol). The inhibition of chemiluminescence by 5 x 10(-5) M azide was 88 per cent for luminol and 37 per cent for lucigenin. Superoxide dismutase (100 IU) totally inhibited the chemiluminescence response. Approximately 30 per cent variability in chemiluminescence was observed under the same assay conditions, depending on the origin of the leucocytes. Based on these results, the conditions selected for the measurement of equine leucocyte chemiluminescence were: 10(6) to 10(7) leucocytes 600 microliters-1, 1 x 10(-6)M PMA, 1 mM luminol or 0.4 mM lucigenin, physiological pH (7.4) and physiological temperature (37.8 degrees C). These conditions were similar to those used for measuring the chemiluminescent response of human leucocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Benbarek
- Faculte de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Van Vlem B, Vanholder R, De Paepe P, Vogelaers D, Ringoir S. Immunomodulating effects of antibiotics: literature review. Infection 1996; 24:275-91. [PMID: 8875279 DOI: 10.1007/bf01743360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics can interact directly with the immune system. This is a review of the immunomodulating effects of antibiotics. The Medline database on CD-ROM was searched for the years 1987 to 1994 using the following search string: "thesaurus explode antibiotics/all AND (thesaurus explode immune-system/drug effects OR thesaurus immune-tolerance/drug effects)." Aspects of the immune system studied were aspects of phagocyte functions: phagocytosis and killing, and chemotaxis and aspects of lymphocyte functions: lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production, antibody production, delayed hypersensitivity and natural killer-cell activity. In order to quantify and to compare immunomodulatory properties of antibiotics we calculated an "immune index," defined as: number of positive statements--number of negative statements/total number of statements. Concerning phagocytosis, positive effects were observed for cefodizime, imipenem, cefoxitin, amphotericin B and clindamycin and negative effects for erythromycin, roxithromycin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, ampicillin and gentamicin. Clindamycin, cefoxition and imipenem induce enhancement of chemotaxis, whereas cefotazime, rifampicin and teicoplanin decrease chemotaxis. Regarding lymphocyte proliferation, cefodizime has the strongest stimulating effect, whereas tetracycline has the strongest negative effect. Except for erythromycin and amphotericin B the number of statements reported is too small to be conclusive for the interpretation of effects on cytokine production. Erythromycin and amphotericin B appear to stimulate cytokine production. As to antibody production, cefodizime has the strongest positive effect, whereas josamycin, rifampicin and tetracycline have marked negative effects. For delayed hypersensitivity and the natural killer-cell activity the number of statements is too small for any single antibiotic to be conclusive. There are three markedly immuno-enhancing antibiotics (imipenem, cefodizime and clindamycin) and eight markedly immuno-depressing antibiotics (erythromycin, roxithromycin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, rifampicin, gentamicin, teicoplanin and ampicillin).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Van Vlem
- Dept. of Nephrology, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Radwan GS, Brock KV, Hogan JS, Smith KL. Development of a PCR amplification assay as a screening test using bulk milk samples for identifying dairy herds infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. Vet Microbiol 1995; 44:77-91. [PMID: 7667908 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(94)00121-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The approach of cDNA synthesis followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was used to develop a rapid screening test for the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in bulk tank milk samples. The initial development of this detection method was done using lactating Holstein cows; 1 acutely infected with BVDV following experimental inoculation and 2 persistently infected (PI) with BVDV. Viral RNA was extracted from somatic cells purified from whole milk using a guanidinium isothiocyanate and phenol/chloroform extraction method. Oligonucleotide primers were selected from the 5'untranslated region (5'UTR) and p80 region of BVDV genome. In the acutely infected cow, BVDV RNA was identified from days 6 to 10 postinoculation. Viral RNA extracted from somatic cells of milk from PI cows was detected by PCR using both 5'UTR and p80 primer sets. The sensitivity of PCR detection was determined by preparing dilutions of whole milk obtained from the BVDV persistently infected animals with milk from a BVDV-negative cow followed by purification of somatic cells and RNA extraction. BVDV was detected in milk serially diluted to 1:640 using PCR amplification. In addition, PCR amplification was 14.6 times more sensitive than virus isolation in detecting BVDV RNA in purified milk somatic cells. PCR detected BVDV RNA from a minimum of 580 somatic cells while the detection limit of virus isolation was 8500 cells. The sensitivity and specificity of BVDV amplification were confirmed by Southern hybridization analysis. BVDV RNA was detected using PCR in 33 out of 136 bulk milk samples collected from 124 individual herds using the 5'UTR primer set. These results indicate that PCR analysis of bulk tank milk samples may provide a rapid and sensitive method of screening herds for the presence of BVDV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G S Radwan
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster 44691, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
|