1
|
de Oliveira Santana K, Figueira Pereira C, Silva Ramos M, da Silva RR, de Vargas D, de Fátima Fernandes MN, da Silva Gherard-Donato EC. The effectiveness of mindfulness for the management of anxiety in the nursing staff: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2024; 50:129-146. [PMID: 38789225 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
A systematic review with meta-analysis following Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations. It aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness for the management of anxiety symptoms in the nursing staff and stress as a secondary outcome. The databases searched were MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus and Psycinfo. Search was conducted in October 2022. Independent reviewers used standardized methods to research, track, and code the included studies. Data meta-analysis was performed using random effects models. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used as an approach to assess the quality and certainty of evidence in research studies. The review examined the effectiveness of mindfulness on nursing staff in 13 studies. The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in anxiety and stress after treatment, with an average reduction of 0.36 in anxiety and 0.48 in stress. The results emphasizes the possibility of mindfulness being an effective intervention to the management of anxiety and stress in nursing staff. However, the studies analyzed presented limitations in the design and sampling in the development of the intervention, which impact the conclusive statements about the effectiveness of mindfulness and the generalization of the results. The implications to the nursing field involve adopting evidence-based research and practices to improve the well-being and quality of life of nursing professionals, as well as strengthening the evidence base surrounding mindfulness interventions in nursing practice. This may lead to changes in healthcare policies, care practices, and recognition of the importance of nurses' well-being for effective healthcare delivery.
Collapse
|
2
|
Volitaki E, Forro T, Li K, Nevian T, Ciocchi S. Activity of ventral hippocampal parvalbumin interneurons during anxiety. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114295. [PMID: 38796850 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety plays a key role in guiding behavior in response to potential threats. Anxiety is mediated by the activation of pyramidal neurons in the ventral hippocampus (vH), whose activity is controlled by GABAergic inhibitory interneurons. However, how different vH interneurons might contribute to anxiety-related processes is unclear. Here, we investigate the role of vH parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons while mice transition from safe to more anxiogenic compartments of the elevated plus maze (EPM). We find that vH PV interneurons increase their activity in anxiogenic EPM compartments concomitant with dynamic changes in inhibitory interactions between PV interneurons and pyramidal neurons. By optogenetically inhibiting PV interneurons, we induce an increase in the activity of vH pyramidal neurons and persistent anxiety. Collectively, our results suggest that vH inhibitory microcircuits may act as a trigger for enduring anxiety states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouela Volitaki
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Forro
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kaizhen Li
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Nevian
- Neuronal Plasticity Group, Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Ciocchi
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fennema D, Barker GJ, O'Daly O, Duan S, Godlewska BR, Goldsmith K, Young AH, Moll J, Zahn R. Neural responses to facial emotions and subsequent clinical outcomes in difficult-to-treat depression. Psychol Med 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38757184 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724001144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amygdala and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex responses to facial emotions have shown promise in predicting treatment response in medication-free major depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we examined their role in the pathophysiology of clinical outcomes in more chronic, difficult-to-treat forms of MDD. METHODS Forty-five people with current MDD who had not responded to ⩾2 serotonergic antidepressants (n = 42, meeting pre-defined fMRI minimum quality thresholds) were enrolled and followed up over four months of standard primary care. Prior to medication review, subliminal facial emotion fMRI was used to extract blood-oxygen level-dependent effects for sad v. happy faces from two pre-registered a priori defined regions: bilateral amygdala and dorsal/pregenual anterior cingulate cortex. Clinical outcome was the percentage change on the self-reported Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (16-item). RESULTS We corroborated our pre-registered hypothesis (NCT04342299) that lower bilateral amygdala activation for sad v. happy faces predicted favorable clinical outcomes (rs[38] = 0.40, p = 0.01). In contrast, there was no effect for dorsal/pregenual anterior cingulate cortex activation (rs[38] = 0.18, p = 0.29), nor when using voxel-based whole-brain analyses (voxel-based Family-Wise Error-corrected p < 0.05). Predictive effects were mainly driven by the right amygdala whose response to happy faces was reduced in patients with higher anxiety levels. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the prediction that a lower amygdala response to negative v. positive facial expressions might be an adaptive neural signature, which predicts subsequent symptom improvement also in difficult-to-treat MDD. Anxiety reduced adaptive amygdala responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diede Fennema
- Centre of Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Centre for Affective Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Owen O'Daly
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Suqian Duan
- Centre of Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Centre for Affective Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Beata R Godlewska
- Psychopharmacology Research Unit, University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Kimberley Goldsmith
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Allan H Young
- Centre of Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Centre for Affective Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
- National Service for Affective Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jorge Moll
- Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience Unit, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Pioneer Science Program, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roland Zahn
- Centre of Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Centre for Affective Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
- National Service for Affective Disorders, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience Unit, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Pioneer Science Program, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Coll MP, Walden Z, Bourgoin PA, Taylor V, Rainville P, Robert M, Nguyen DK, Jolicoeur P, Roy M. Pain reflects the informational value of nociceptive inputs. Pain 2024:00006396-990000000-00595. [PMID: 38713801 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pain perception and its modulation are fundamental to human learning and adaptive behavior. This study investigated the hypothesis that pain perception is tied to pain's learning function. Thirty-one participants performed a threat conditioning task where certain cues were associated with a possibility of receiving a painful electric shock. The cues that signaled potential pain or safety were regularly changed, requiring participants to continually establish new associations. Using computational models, we quantified participants' pain expectations and prediction errors throughout the task and assessed their relationship with pain perception and electrophysiological responses. Our findings suggest that subjective pain perception increases with prediction error, that is, when pain was unexpected. Prediction errors were also related to physiological nociceptive responses, including the amplitude of nociceptive flexion reflex and electroencephalography markers of cortical nociceptive processing (N1-P2-evoked potential and gamma-band power). In addition, higher pain expectations were related to increased late event-related potential responses and alpha/beta decreases in amplitude during cue presentation. These results further strengthen the idea of a crucial link between pain and learning and suggest that understanding the influence of learning mechanisms in pain modulation could help us understand when and why pain perception is modulated in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel-Pierre Coll
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (CIRRIS), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Zoey Walden
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Veronique Taylor
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Pierre Rainville
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Stomatology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Manon Robert
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dang Khoa Nguyen
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Jolicoeur
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Roy
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lafortune D, Dubé S, Lapointe V, Bonneau J, Champoux C, Sigouin N. Virtual Reality Could Help Assess Sexual Aversion Disorder. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024; 61:588-602. [PMID: 37556729 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2241860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) may improve our understanding of sexual dysfunctions' manifestations, although research in this area remains limited. This study assessed the potential use of a VR Behavior Avoidance Test (VR-BAT) as a tool for examining the clinical features of Sexual Aversion Disorder (SAD): the experience of fear, disgust, and avoidance when facing sexual cues/contexts. A sample of 55 adults (≥ 18y) with (n = 27) and without SAD (n = 28) completed a self-report measure of sexual avoidance. Their anxiety, disgust, electrodermal activity, heart rate, and visual and behavioral avoidance were then examined during two VR-BATs involving sexual or non-sexual stimuli. Mixed repeated measures ANOVAs, t-tests, and correlational analyses were performed. Results showed that individuals in the SAD group reported greater anxiety and disgust compared to their non-SAD counterparts during the sexual stimuli condition. Sexual avoidance scores were largely positively related to anxiety and disgust during the VR sexual condition, and moderately negatively related to the time spent touching the virtual character's genitals. This study is important given the prevalence of sexual difficulties, such as SAD, and the new research avenues offered by emerging technologies, like VR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Lafortune
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal
| | - S Dubé
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University
| | - V Lapointe
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal
| | - J Bonneau
- School of Media, Université du Québec à Montréal
| | - C Champoux
- School of Media, Université du Québec à Montréal
| | - N Sigouin
- School of Media, Université du Québec à Montréal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abbak N, Nemutlu E, Reçber T, Gul ASD, Akkoyun HT, Akkoyun MB, Yilmaz G, Ekin S, Bakir A, Arihan O. Behavior, antioxidant, and metabolomics effects of Allium tuncelianum. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3538-3551. [PMID: 38726412 PMCID: PMC11077190 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Allium species are consumed extensively as folkloric medicine and dietary elements, but limited studies have been conducted on them. In this study, the effects of an ethanol-water extract obtained from the underground bulb of Allium tuncelianum (Kollmann) Özhatay, B. Mathew & Şiraneci (AT) on the behavioral, antioxidant, and metabolite parameters in rats were evaluated. AT was administered orally once a day at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg to male Wistar albino rats for 10 consecutive days. The elevated plus maze, rotarod, and hotplate tests were used to examine anxiety-like behaviors, locomotor activities, and pain perception in the rats, respectively. Additionally, untargeted metabolomic analyses were performed on plasma samples and AT extracts using two orthogonal analytical platforms. The phenolic components, mainly fumaric acid, malic acid, vanillic acid, quercetin-3-arabinoside, hydrocinnamic acid, and gallocatechin, were determined in the extract. In addition, arbutin, salicylic acid, trehalose, and nicotinic acid were analyzed in the extract for the first time. The AT extract did not decrease the catalase, glutathione peroxidase, or superoxide dismutase levels; however, diazepam decreased some of those parameters significantly in the brain, liver, and kidney. Although both the AT and diazepam treatments resulted in an increase in anxiolytic-like effects compared to the control group, no significant differences were observed (p > .05). In the metabolomic analysis, significant changes were observed in the rats treated with AT and diazepam, and they caused significant changes in some metabolic pathways, including amino acid and fatty acid metabolism, compared to the control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nigar Abbak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Tuba Reçber
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Asli San Dagli Gul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - H. Turan Akkoyun
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary FacultySiirt UniversitySiirtTurkey
| | | | - Gulderen Yilmaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of PharmacyAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Suat Ekin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceVan Yuzuncu Yil UniversityVanTurkey
| | - Ahmet Bakir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceVan Yuzuncu Yil UniversityVanTurkey
| | - Okan Arihan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dagli Gul AS, Boyuk Ozcan G, Arihan O. Silibinin as a promising treatment for diabetes: Insights into behavioral and metabolic changes in an animal model. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3336-3345. [PMID: 38726421 PMCID: PMC11077243 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is causing serious health problems in the chronic period. Silibinin is a flavonoid obtained from the milk thistle (Silybum marianum), which is among the herbal ethnopharmacological administrations. In studies with silibinin, it has been reported that it increases the activity of pancreatic beta cells and insulin sensitivity and has a hyperglycemia-reducing effect. However, behavioral parameters have not been evaluated together with insulin levels and liver function tests. Our aim in this study was to examine the effects of silibinin on insulin secretion, anxiety-like behaviors, and learning in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat diabetes model. Wistar albino rats weighing 200-250 g were divided into 4 groups. Control: Saline solution, Diabetes: STZ 45 mg/kg, S 100: STZ 45 mg/kg + Silibinin 100 mg/kg, S 200: STZ 45 mg/kg + Silibinin 200 mg/kg. Administrations were continued for 21 days. On the 21st day, open field and elevated plus maze as unconditional anxiety tests; Barnes maze for learning and memory; and rotarod test for locomotor activity were conducted. Following behavioral tests, blood samples were taken under anesthesia. Blood glucose levels and ALT values were measured. Insulin levels were measured with an ELISA plate reader. Silibinin shortened the time to find the correct hole. Silibinin prevented the decrease in insulin due to STZ, exhibited a hyperglycemia-reducing effect and decreased the elevation of ALT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asli San Dagli Gul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Gulbahar Boyuk Ozcan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineAnkara Medipol UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Okan Arihan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Isparta S, Töre-Yargın G, Wagner SC, Mundorf A, Cinar Kul B, Da Graça Pereira G, Güntürkün O, Ocklenburg S, Freund N, Salgirli Demirbas Y. Measuring paw preferences in dogs, cats and rats: Design requirements and innovations in methodology. Laterality 2024:1-37. [PMID: 38669348 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2024.2341459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Studying behavioural lateralization in animals holds great potential for answering important questions in laterality research and clinical neuroscience. However, comparative research encounters challenges in reliability and validity, requiring new approaches and innovative designs to overcome. Although validated tests exist for some species, there is yet no standard test to compare lateralized manual behaviours between individuals, populations, and animal species. One of the main reasons is that different fine-motor abilities and postures must be considered for each species. Given that pawedness/handedness is a universal marker for behavioural lateralization across species, this article focuses on three commonly investigated species in laterality research: dogs, cats, and rats. We will present six apparatuses (two for dogs, three for cats, and one for rats) that enable an accurate assessment of paw preference. Design requirements and specifications such as zoometric fit for different body sizes and ages, reliability, robustness of the material, maintenance during and after testing, and animal welfare are extremely important when designing a new apparatus. Given that the study of behavioural lateralization yields crucial insights into animal welfare, laterality research, and clinical neuroscience, we aim to provide a solution to these challenges by presenting design requirements and innovations in methodology across species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Isparta
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gülşen Töre-Yargın
- Brunel Design School College of Engineering Design & Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- METU/BILTIR-UTEST Product Usability Unit, Department of Industrial Design, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selina C Wagner
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Annakarina Mundorf
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bengi Cinar Kul
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Goncalo Da Graça Pereira
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, Portugal
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Research Center One Health Ruhr, Research Alliance Ruhr, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- ICAN Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nadja Freund
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cebrino J, Portero de la Cruz S. A Worldwide Bibliometric Analysis of Published Literature Assessing Fear of COVID-19. Clin Pract 2024; 14:672-684. [PMID: 38804386 PMCID: PMC11130842 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Many people experience intense fear of COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive visual overview of the published literature from 2020 to 2022 assessing fear of COVID-19. From 2020 to 2022, we employed the Scopus database to conduct a bibliometric analysis. We used the VOSviewer program to perform the author co-citation analysis, Mapchart to produce a worldwide map, and Wordart to make a word cloud image. From the 1769 records examined, 1654 (93.50%) were articles, with English being the most common language (96.31%). From 2020 to 2022, annual citations experienced significant growth (R2 = 99.91%; p = 0.0195). The Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, France) and China led in terms of publication output (n = 36; n = 255). M. D. Griffiths authored the highest number of articles (n = 21). The most active journal was the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (n = 146), and the most prevalent keyword was "human/s" (11.51%). This bibliometric analysis evaluates the quality of the research on fear of the pandemic and the crisis management of COVID-19, which can provide managers and researchers with crucial insights for future decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Cebrino
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, Avda. Sánchez Pizjuán, S/N, 41009 Seville, Spain;
| | - Silvia Portero de la Cruz
- Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, S/N, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
- Research Group GE10 Clinical and Epidemiological Research in Primary Care, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vitorino C, Canavarro MC, Carona C. Six-month psychopathological symptom trajectories following the COVID-19 outbreak: Contrasting mental health outcomes between nurses and the general population. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301527. [PMID: 38626159 PMCID: PMC11020497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a social, economic and health crisis that had a major impact on the mental health of the global community, particularly nurses. The objective of the current study is to conduct a longitudinal evaluation of the trajectory of depressive, anxiety, trauma, and fear of COVID-19 symptoms, comparing self-reports of nurses and the general population over a six-month period. Self-report questionnaires were administered online to a sample of 180 nurses and 158 individuals from the general population for the baseline assessment (T1) and follow-up at 6 months (T2). Levels of symptoms reported by nurses were generally greater and tended to worsen over time, as opposed to the levels of symptoms reported by the general population that tended to improve. Levels of depressive, anxiety, and trauma symptoms were significantly different between nurses and the general population over time. Levels of fear of COVID-19 declined significantly from T1 to T2 in both groups. These results suggest that it is crucial to monitor the longer-term effects of COVID-19 and to develop resilience-promoting interventions tailored to the unique needs of this vulnerable group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Vitorino
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Cristina Canavarro
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Carona
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lourenço da Silva MI, Ulans A, Jacobs L. Pharmacological validation of an attention bias test for conventional broiler chickens. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297715. [PMID: 38593170 PMCID: PMC11003672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Fear and anxiety are considered concerns for animal welfare as they are associated with negative affective states. This study aimed to pharmacologically validate an attention bias test (ABT) for broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) as a cognitive bias test to determine anxiety. Two-hundred-and-four male Ross 708 broiler chickens were arbitrarily allocated to either the anxiogenic or control treatment at 25 days of age (n = 102/treatment). Birds from the anxiogenic group were administered with 2.5 mg of β-CCM (β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid-N-methylamide [FG 7142]) per kg of body weight through an intraperitoneal injection (0.1 ml/100 g of body weight). Birds from the control group were administered with 9 mg of a saline solution per kg of body weight. During ABT, birds were tested in groups of three (n = 34 groups of three birds/treatment) with commercial feed and mealworms as positive stimuli and a conspecific alarm call as a negative stimulus. Control birds were 45 s faster to begin feeding than anxiogenic birds. Birds from the control group vocalized 40 s later and stepped 57 s later than birds from the anxiogenic group. The occurrence of vigilance behaviors did not differ between treatments. This study was successful in pharmacologically validating an attention bias test for fast-growing broiler chickens, testing three birds simultaneously. Our findings showed that latencies to begin feeding, first vocalization, and first step were valid measures to quantify anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marconi Italo Lourenço da Silva
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Ulans
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Leonie Jacobs
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Deng J, Lee M, Qin C, Lee Y, You M, Liu J. Protective behaviors against COVID-19 and their association with psychological factors in China and South Korea during the Omicron wave: a comparative study. Public Health 2024; 229:116-125. [PMID: 38428248 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore the level of protective behaviors against COVID-19 and its association with psychological factors in China and South Korea during the Omicron wave. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS We conducted a population-based cross-sectional survey from March 15 to 30, 2023 in China and South Korea. Demographic characteristics, health status, protective behaviors, and psychological factors (including perceived risks, efficacy belief, attribution of disease, fear of COVID-19, trust and evaluation, fatalism, resilience, and pandemic fatigue) were investigated. After adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related factors, multivariable regression models were constructed to explore the psychological influencing factors of protective behavior. RESULTS A total of 3000 participants from China and 1000 participants from Korea were included in the final analysis. The mean performance score for protective behaviors among all respondents was 2.885 in China and 3.139 in Korea, with scores ranging from 1 to 4. In China, performance scores were higher in those who were female, aged 30-39, employed, married, living in urban areas, having the highest income level, having the best subjective health status, and having a history of chronic disease (P-value <0.05). In Korea, performance scores were higher for individuals who were female, over 50 years old, educated to high school or below, unemployed, married, had a history of chronic disease, and had never been infected with SARS-CoV-2 (P-value <0.05). In the multivariable regression model, perceived severity (β = 0.067), attribution of disease (β = 0.121), fear of COVID-19 (β = 0.128), trust and evaluation (β = 0.097), psychological resilience (β = 0.068), and efficacy belief (β = 0.216) were positively associated with the performance scores, pandemic fatigue (β = -0.089) was negatively associated with performance scores in China (P-value <0.05). However, in Korea, perceived susceptibility (β = 0.075), fear of COVID-19 (β = 0.107), and efficacy belief (β = 0.357) were positively associated with protective behaviors (P-value <0.05), trust and evaluation (β = -0.078) and pandemic fatigue (β = -0.063) were negatively associated with performance scores (P-value <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Populations in both China and Korea demonstrated great compliance with protective behaviors during the Omicron wave. Because of the sociocultural, economic, and political differences, there were differences in the association between psychological factors and protective behaviors in the two countries. This study, from the perspective of psychological factors in different cultural contexts, would provide references for increasing adherence to protective guidelines in future outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Deng
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - M Lee
- Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - C Qin
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - M You
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - J Liu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gencturk S, Unal G. Rodent tests of depression and anxiety: Construct validity and translational relevance. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 24:191-224. [PMID: 38413466 PMCID: PMC11039509 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Behavioral testing constitutes the primary method to measure the emotional states of nonhuman animals in preclinical research. Emerging as the characteristic tool of the behaviorist school of psychology, behavioral testing of animals, particularly rodents, is employed to understand the complex cognitive and affective symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders. Following the symptom-based diagnosis model of the DSM, rodent models and tests of depression and anxiety focus on behavioral patterns that resemble the superficial symptoms of these disorders. While these practices provided researchers with a platform to screen novel antidepressant and anxiolytic drug candidates, their construct validity-involving relevant underlying mechanisms-has been questioned. In this review, we present the laboratory procedures used to assess depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in rats and mice. These include constructs that rely on stress-triggered responses, such as behavioral despair, and those that emerge with nonaversive training, such as cognitive bias. We describe the specific behavioral tests that are used to assess these constructs and discuss the criticisms on their theoretical background. We review specific concerns about the construct validity and translational relevance of individual behavioral tests, outline the limitations of the traditional, symptom-based interpretation, and introduce novel, ethologically relevant frameworks that emphasize simple behavioral patterns. Finally, we explore behavioral monitoring and morphological analysis methods that can be integrated into behavioral testing and discuss how they can enhance the construct validity of these tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Gencturk
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Boğaziçi University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gunes Unal
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Boğaziçi University, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Saadatmand S, Zohroudi F, Tangestani H. The Effect of Oral Chamomile on Anxiety: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. Clin Nutr Res 2024; 13:139-147. [PMID: 38784853 PMCID: PMC11109927 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2024.13.2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorder is a prevalent psychiatric issue that affects 4.05% of the global population. As complementary and alternative medicine gains popularity, many individuals with anxiety symptoms seek herbal remedies. This systematic review aims to explore the sedative efficacy of chamomile as an herbal medicine for anxiety treatment. Our search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases until August 2023. Among 389 papers found, after removing duplicates and irrelevant papers, 10 clinical trials investigating the effect of oral consumption of chamomile on anxiety were included. Two researchers independently completed all steps, including the screening process and data extraction. Out of the 10 articles selected, 9 studies have concluded that chamomile is effective in reducing anxiety. Even though, the exact mechanism of chamomile's anxiolytic action is not well understood, evidence suggests that its active compounds, including apigenin, may modulate the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis by affecting neurotransmitter pathways. This systematic review showed that chamomile potentially has an anxiolytic effect. In addition, due to the side effects of drugs used to treat anxiety disorders, the use of chamomile seems to be effective and less dangerous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sogand Saadatmand
- Student Research and Technology Committee, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran
| | - Foad Zohroudi
- Student Research and Technology Committee, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran
| | - Hadith Tangestani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Flint HE, Weller JE, Parry-Howells N, Ellerby ZW, McKay SL, King T. Evaluation of indicators of acute emotional states in dogs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6406. [PMID: 38493262 PMCID: PMC10944520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56859-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
A complete assessment of animal welfare requires not just an understanding of negative emotional states, such as fear and anxiety, but also of positive states, such as calmness and happiness. However, few studies have identified accurate and reliable indicators of positive emotional states in dogs. This study aimed to identify parameters that may serve as indicators of short-term emotional states in dogs. Using a cross-over design, 60 dogs living at a research facility were exposed to six different 10-min scenarios expected to elicit responses varying in emotional valence and arousal. A range of behavioural and physiological parameters were collected and their relationship to anticipated emotional valence and arousal was analysed using linear and logistic mixed models. Cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, heart rate variability, panting, whining, and body shake all demonstrated significant differences based on arousal levels, but only within negative valence scenarios. Scores from a qualitative behavioural assessment (QBA) were associated with both emotional valence and arousal and were considered the best indicator of positive valence. Activity, ear temperature, and sitting were associated with positive high arousal, although this may have been influenced by differing levels of movement induced during these scenarios. Meanwhile, heart rate, secretory immunoglobulin A, standing and lying all showed similar changes associated with arousal for both positive and negative valence scenarios. This study provides a critical first step towards identifying evidence-based indicators of short-term emotional states in dogs, while highlighting considerations that should be made when employing these parameters, including the influence of coder bias, food provision, exercise, and external temperature. Overall, it is recommended future dog emotion and welfare research use a combination of parameters including indicators of both emotional valence and arousal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Flint
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham on the Wolds, LE14 4RT, UK.
| | - Jennifer E Weller
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham on the Wolds, LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Nia Parry-Howells
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham on the Wolds, LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Zack W Ellerby
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham on the Wolds, LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Stephanie L McKay
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham on the Wolds, LE14 4RT, UK
| | - Tammie King
- Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Waltham on the Wolds, LE14 4RT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Grochowalska K, Ziętkiewicz M, Nowicka-Sauer K, Topolski M, Więsik-Szewczyk E, Matyja-Bednarczyk A, Napiórkowska-Baran K, Zdrojewski Z. Anxiety in Polish adult patients with inborn errors of immunity: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1293935. [PMID: 38516260 PMCID: PMC10954803 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1293935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) experience recurrent infections, autoimmunity, and malignancies. Owing to repeated medical procedures, the need for constant treatment and surveillance, and the unpredictable course of the disease, patients with IEI are prone to develop mental health disorders, including anxiety. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence and level of anxiety symptoms in adult Polish patients with IEI and explore the determinants of anxiety in this group of patients. Methods Data from 105 Polish patients with IEI were collected via the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), brief illness perception questionnaire (B-IPQ), illness cognition questionnaire (ICQ), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and a questionnaire on general health and demographic data. For statistical analyses of data, the normality of distribution of quantitative data was assessed, and internal consistency of tests was investigated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient; moreover, we performed the analysis of correlations and between-group differences, and path analysis to explore causal relationships. Significance was considered at p < 0.050. Results Thirty-eight (36.2%) patients had anxiety symptoms (HADS-A ≥ 8); 14 (13.3%) patients had severe anxiety (score ≥ 11), and 24 (22.9%) had moderate anxiety (score of 8-10). Patients with poor sleep quality, higher pain frequency, younger age, and no fixed income had higher anxiety scores than others. Emotional and cognitive representations of illness were positively correlated with anxiety levels. Intense anxiety was related to more negative illness perception, higher helplessness, lower illness acceptance, and lower perceived benefits. Discussion Anxiety is common in patients with IEI. However, results indicate that it is not related to a more severe course of IEI or several comorbidities, whereas, pain frequency and poor sleep quality were identified to be important clinical factors for anxiety. Because anxiety was related to negative illness perception, psychological therapy may apply to this group of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Grochowalska
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marcin Ziętkiewicz
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nowicka-Sauer
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Topolski
- Department of Systems and Computer Networks, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Więsik-Szewczyk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumonology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of National Defense, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Matyja-Bednarczyk
- Outpatient Clinic for the Immunological and Hypercoagulable Diseases, Medical University of Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Napiórkowska-Baran
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Diseases, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Zdrojewski
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ko K, Jones A, Francis D, Robidoux S, McArthur G. Physiological correlates of anxiety in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Stress Health 2024:e3388. [PMID: 38451702 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety is one of the most prevalent problems that affects children and adolescents. The vast majority of diagnostic tools for anxiety depend on written or verbal reports from children and adolescents or their significant others. The validity and reliability of such reports can be compromised by their subjective nature. Thus, there is growing interest in whether anxiety can be indexed with objective physiological measures. The key aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine which physiological measures are most reliably associated with elevated levels of anxiety amongst children and adolescents. Online databases (e.g., PsycINFO, Embase, Medline) were searched for relevant studies according to pre-determined criteria. Twenty-five studies comprising 2502 participants (N = 1160 with high anxiety) met inclusion, identifying 11 groups of physiological measures. Our meta-analysis revealed that skin conductance level is the most sensitive measure of anxiety (d = 0.83), followed by electromyography (EMG) measures (d = 0.71) and skin conductance response (d = 0.58). However, the included studies varied in terms of subjective measures, study designs, experimental task measures, and physiological measures. Consideration of these differences in methodology offer potential directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Ko
- Macquarie University Centre for Reading, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Lifespan Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alana Jones
- Macquarie University Centre for Reading, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Lifespan Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deanna Francis
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Serje Robidoux
- Macquarie University Centre for Reading, School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Genevieve McArthur
- Australian Centre for the Advancement of Literacy, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Dyslexia-SPELD Foundation Literacy and Clinical Services, South Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Federico G, Ciccarelli G, Noce G, Cavaliere C, Ilardi CR, Tramontano L, Alfano V, Mele G, Di Cecca A, Salvatore M, Brandimonte MA. The fear of COVID-19 contagion: an exploratory EEG-fMRI study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5263. [PMID: 38438468 PMCID: PMC10912687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pandemics have the potential to change how people behave and feel. The COVID-19 pandemic is no exception; thus, it may serve as a "challenging context" for understanding how pandemics affect people's minds. In this study, we used high-density electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the neural correlates of fear of contagion during the most critical moments of COVID-19 in Italy (i.e., October 2020-May 2021). To do that, we stimulated participants (N = 17; nine females) with artificial-intelligence-generated faces of people presented as healthy, recovered from COVID-19, or infected by SARS-CoV-2. The fMRI results documented a modulation of large bilateral fronto-temporo-parietal functional brain networks. Critically, we found selective recruitment of cortical (e.g., frontal lobes) and subcortical fear-related structures (e.g., amygdala and putamen) of the so-called social brain network when participants observed COVID-19-related faces. Consistently, EEG results showed distinct patterns of brain activity selectively associated with infected and recovered faces (e.g., delta and gamma rhythm). Together, these results highlight how pandemic contexts may reverberate in the human brain, thus influencing most basic social and cognitive functioning. This may explain the emergence of a cluster of psychopathologies during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study underscores the need for prompt interventions to address pandemics' short- and long-term consequences on mental health.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang S, Cai Z, Gao G, Yan S. Correlation Between Maternal Anxiety During Mid-Pregnancy and Subsequent Infant Sleep Issues: A Cross-Sectional Study from 2015 to 2016. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:623-633. [PMID: 38410242 PMCID: PMC10894751 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s445604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the correlation between maternal anxiety during mid-pregnancy and infant sleep issues based on the anxiety status of mothers in mid-pregnancy. Patients and Methods A cohort of 2122 primigravida women from Ma'anshan City, Anhui Province, was followed from pregnancy until 6 months postpartum. The study analyzed the impact of maternal anxiety on infant sleep patterns, including primary caregivers, encompassing insufficient sleep duration, frequent nocturnal awakenings, prolonged nocturnal awakening durations, and elongated sleep latency. Results A total of 1891 mother-infant pairs were included in this analysis. After adjusting for confounding factors, a positive correlation was found between maternal anxiety during mid-pregnancy and insufficient sleep duration (OR=1.69, 95% CI:1.13-2.52), and elongated sleep latency (OR=2.26, 95% CI:1.61-3.18). Conclusion Maternal anxiety during mid-pregnancy is associated with sleep issues in infants. Addressing maternal mental health during pregnancy may enhance sleep quality for mothers and infants, promoting overall maternal-infant health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Wang
- Ma’anshan Maternal and Child Health Center, Ma’anshan, Anhiu Province, 243011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiling Cai
- Ma’anshan Maternal and Child Health Center, Ma’anshan, Anhiu Province, 243011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guopeng Gao
- Ma’anshan Maternal and Child Health Center, Ma’anshan, Anhiu Province, 243011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangqin Yan
- Ma’anshan Maternal and Child Health Center, Ma’anshan, Anhiu Province, 243011, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jászberényi M, Thurzó B, Bagosi Z, Vécsei L, Tanaka M. The Orexin/Hypocretin System, the Peptidergic Regulator of Vigilance, Orchestrates Adaptation to Stress. Biomedicines 2024; 12:448. [PMID: 38398050 PMCID: PMC10886661 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The orexin/hypocretin neuropeptide family has emerged as a focal point of neuroscientific research following the discovery that this family plays a crucial role in a variety of physiological and behavioral processes. These neuropeptides serve as powerful neuromodulators, intricately shaping autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral responses across species. Notably, they serve as master regulators of vigilance and stress responses; however, their roles in food intake, metabolism, and thermoregulation appear complementary and warrant further investigation. This narrative review provides a journey through the evolution of our understanding of the orexin system, from its initial discovery to the promising progress made in developing orexin derivatives. It goes beyond conventional boundaries, striving to synthesize the multifaceted activities of orexins. Special emphasis is placed on domains such as stress response, fear, anxiety, and learning, in which the authors have contributed to the literature with original publications. This paper also overviews the advancement of orexin pharmacology, which has already yielded some promising successes, particularly in the treatment of sleep disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Jászberényi
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary; (M.J.); (B.T.); (Z.B.)
| | - Balázs Thurzó
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary; (M.J.); (B.T.); (Z.B.)
- Emergency Patient Care Unit, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bagosi
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary; (M.J.); (B.T.); (Z.B.)
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
- HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, University of Szeged (HUN-REN-SZTE), Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, University of Szeged (HUN-REN-SZTE), Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Oxley JA, Meyer G, Butcher M, Bellantuono G, Levers A, Westgarth C. Veterinary students' proximity to and interpretation of a simulated "aggressive" dog before and after training. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3209. [PMID: 38332166 PMCID: PMC10853229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53551-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Dog "aggression" in the veterinary practice is commonplace. Therefore, student knowledge and education about dog behaviour and the ability to interpret "aggressive" behaviour is important from a human injury prevention and dog welfare perspective. The study aimed to compare first-year veterinary students' perceived safest proximity to both an "aggressive" and non-reactive simulated dog, both before and after a teaching intervention about canine behaviour and a handling practical. It also examined student confidence and their ability to identify "aggressive" behaviours. Forty first year veterinary students took part in two surveys. Each survey included two videos: one of a simulated dog displaying "aggressive" behaviour, based on the 'Canine Ladder of Aggression'; and another displaying non-reactive (passive behaviours without reaction to the participants) behaviours. Each video depicted the slow and consistent approach towards the virtual dog within a virtual indoor environment, and participants were asked to press stop if or when they would stop approaching the dog. In the "aggressive" scenario, there was a reduction in the approach-stop time from survey 1 (median = 17.8 s) to survey 2 (median = 15.2 s) in the intervention group (p = 0.018) but not in the control group (p = 0.147). Regarding confidence, there was a significant increase in the self-reported confidence rating relating to a participant's ability to interpret canine behaviour in both the control (p = 0.011) and intervention (p = 0.003). In conclusion, these results indicate that students using approach-stop videos stayed further away from an "aggressive" virtual dog model if they had undertaken a canine behaviour educational intervention. This novel approach has the potential for further use in teaching and assessment of student knowledge and behaviour which may otherwise be difficult to demonstrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A Oxley
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire, UK
| | - Georg Meyer
- Institute of Digital Engineering and Autonomous Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matthew Butcher
- Institute of Digital Engineering and Autonomous Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Giuseppe Bellantuono
- Institute of Digital Engineering and Autonomous Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Levers
- Institute of Digital Engineering and Autonomous Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Carri Westgarth
- Department of Livestock and One Health, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kılıç Z, Günaydın Y, Yıldırım T, Aydınlı A. The relationship between perception of COVID-19, fear of COVID-19 and self-care management in individuals with chronic diseases during the pandemic process in Turkey. J Clin Nurs 2024; 33:617-629. [PMID: 37743613 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the relationship between perception of COVID-19, fear of COVID-19 and self-care management in individuals with chronic diseases during the pandemic process. BACKGROUND Individuals with chronic diseases are a sensitive group during the COVID-19 pandemic process; it is thought that self-care management may be adversely affected as a result of their more intense exposure to the psychological, physiological and economic effects of the pandemic. In the literature, there is no study examining the effect of perception of COVID-19 and fear of COVID-19 on self-care management in individuals with chronic diseases. DESIGN Descriptive study. METHODS The study was conducted with 322 individuals who applied to the internal medicine outpatient clinics of a university's Health Practice and Research Center, met the inclusion criteria, agreed to participate in the study and had a chronic disease. Questionnaire form, Perception of COVID-19 Scale (P-COVID-19), The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and Self-Care Management Process in Chronic Illness Scale (SCMP-G) were used to collect data. STROBE checklist was used to report the present study. RESULTS In the study, it can be stated that individuals with chronic diseases had a moderate to the high perception of contagiousness and dangerousness of COVID-19, they had a moderate-high level of fear of COVID-19 and their self-care care management was above moderate level. There was a significant positive correlation between P-COVID-19, FCV-19S and SCMP-G in the study. CONCLUSIONS It was found that the perception of COVID-19 contagiousness and the fear of COVID-19 had a positive effect on the self-care management of individuals with chronic diseases. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Determining the level of COVID-19 perception and fear of COVID-19 and their effects on the life of the individual, and evaluating self-care management during the difficult pandemic process will increase the success in the holistic nursing care and management of chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Züleyha Kılıç
- Department of Internal Diseases Nursing, Zübeyde Hanım Faculty of Health Sciences, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Yurdagül Günaydın
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Tekin Yıldırım
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bozok University Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Aydınlı
- Department of Fundamentals of Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, Çünür/Isparta, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Martinez RM, Chou SH, Fan YT, Chen YC, Goh KK, Chen C. Negative emotionality downregulation affects moral choice but not moral judgement of harm: a pharmacological study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1200. [PMID: 38216629 PMCID: PMC10786834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous neuroscientific research has expounded on the fundamental role played by emotion during moral decision-making. Negative emotionality has been observed to exert a general inhibitory effect towards harmful behaviors against others. Nevertheless, the downregulation of negative affects at different levels of moral processing (e.g. impersonal versus personal moral dilemmas) alongside its possible interactions with other factors (e.g. perspective taking) hasn't been directly assessed; both of which can assist in predicting future moral decision-making. In the present research, we empirically test (Study 1, N = 41) whether downregulating negative emotionality through pharmacological interventions using lorazepam (a GABA receptor agonist), modulate the permissibility of harm to others -i.e. if participants find it more morally permissible to harm others when harm is unavoidable (inevitable harm moral dilemmas), than when it may be avoided (evitable harm moral dilemmas). Furthermore, using another sample (Study 2, N = 31), we assess whether lorazepam's effect is modulated by different perspective-taking conditions during a moral dilemma task -e.g. "is it morally permissible for you to […]?" (1st person perspective), relative to "is it morally permissible for [x individual] to […]?" (3rd person perspective)-, where the outcome of the different scenarios is controlled. The results of both studies converge, revealing an emotion-dependent, rather than an outcome-dependent, pharmacological modulation. Lorazepam only influenced interpersonal moral judgments when not modulated by the evitable/inevitable condition. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between perspective-taking and drug administration, as lorazepam exerted a larger effect in modulating moral choices rather than moral judgements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Marcelo Martinez
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- School of Psychological Sciences, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Chou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Teng Fan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Chen
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kah Kheng Goh
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- The Innovative and Translational Research Center for Brain Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chenyi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- The Innovative and Translational Research Center for Brain Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abozaid A, Gerlai R. Paradoxical effects of feeding status on food consumption and learning performance in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 128:110846. [PMID: 37611652 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Associative learning is often studied using food reward as the unconditioned stimulus (US). With warm-blooded species, to get the subject more motivated the solution has been to feed less, making the subject hungrier. Here we show the opposite with zebrafish. We randomly assigned zebrafish to two groups: a once-a-day-fed and a five-times-a-day-fed group, with the same amount of food fed per occasion for fish of both groups, a feeding regimen that lasted for three months. Subsequently, we trained fish by pairing food (US) with a red cue card (the conditioned stimulus, CS), which were placed together in one arm of a plus-maze across eight training sessions. We also ran unpaired training, in which the CS and US were presented in different arms. We found the previously once-a-day-fed zebrafish to consume less food throughout habituation and training sessions compared to the previously five-times-a-day-fed ones. Furthermore, five-times-a-day-fed fish in the paired group swam significantly closer to the CS during a post-training probe trial compared to the five-times-a-day-fed unpaired fish, a paired training effect that was absent in once-a-day-fed fish. Groups did not differ in health or general activity. In sum, elevated chronic feeding improved food consumption and enhanced learning and memory performance without affecting activity levels in adult zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amira Abozaid
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Canada.
| | - Robert Gerlai
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kylie J, Cooper DM, Kurpinski JK, Chase FT, Muzyka MD, Plachta TC. Evaluation of Potential Low-stress Handling Methods in Crl:CDSD Rats ( Rattus norvegicus). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2024; 63:10-19. [PMID: 38097198 PMCID: PMC10844733 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-23-000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Low-stress handling methods have been studied in detail in mice, but relatively little research exists concerning preferred handling methods in rats. Most recommendations for low-stress handling of rats have been extrapolated from the mouse literature, despite known differences in handler interaction between the 2 species. The goal of the current study was to evaluate common methods of handling in rats, including application of recognized, low-stress handling methods from other species to rats, in order to determine relative stress levels associated with the handling methods. Seventy male and 70 female, 8-wk-old, Crl:CDSD rats, were housed either individually or in pairs, and were handled weekly or daily using one of the following methods: encircling of the torso (standard thoracic hold), handled using a tunnel, handled using a protective bite glove, handled using a soft paper towel, or tickled prior to being handled by the torso ( n = 10 per sex per treatment group). Body weight and clinical observations were scored at each handling session, abbreviated functional observation batteries were performed every other week, and an interaction test and hematology were conducted prior to study and on the day of study termination. Rats that were socially housed and handled weekly using the standard thoracic hold showed the least evidence of stress, while those that were singly housed and handled weekly using a protective bite glove or tunnel showed the highest level of stress. These effects were predominantly seen in males. This study suggests that standard low-stress handling methods used for other species may not be optimal for rats, and that additional research is needed to identify alternative methods to the standard thoracic hold that would further reduce stress during handling in rats.
Collapse
|
26
|
Friedlander L, Hunt G, Chandler N, Daniel B. Students' experience and perceptions of undergraduate endodontic education in New Zealand. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:492-502. [PMID: 37367204 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the clinical experience and perceptions of New Zealand graduating dental students (2019 and 2020) towards endodontic teaching and their clinical learning outcomes using an online survey and clinical scenarios. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS software, and qualitative data were analysed thematically. Responses were similar for both cohorts (response rates 74%, 2019; 73%, 2020). Endodontic teaching was valuable and interesting but difficult compared with other disciplines. Molar endodontics, finding canals and managing posture were challenging. Students felt more confident and less anxious when supervised by clinicians experienced in endodontics. Time management was the most anxiety-inducing factor and significantly related to clinical experience (p < 0.001). Overall, students appropriately applied knowledge in most areas of endodontics while holistic problem-solving in complex scenarios was variable. Maximising clinical experience and supervision from teachers experienced in endodontics are important for learning, improving confidence and reducing anxiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Friedlander
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gabrielle Hunt
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas Chandler
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ben Daniel
- Higher Education Development Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abu Hasan NI, Ganggayah MD, Suhaimi S, Abu Hasan N, Jamal NF. Mediating Effects of Fear on Mental Health among Undergraduate Students during Open Distance Learning. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:91-107. [PMID: 38239247 PMCID: PMC10793133 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.6.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Online distance learning (ODL) known as the flexible learning environment can trigger a negative impact on students' mental health. The study aimed to identify the influence of fear as mediator between mental health problem and university students' perception on ODL. Methods This is a cross-sectional study involving a convenient sampling of 258 undergraduate students. Self-administered structured questionnaires adapted from the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), were used to assess the severity of psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety and stress) and fear. The perception towards ODL is also designed to assess the students' perception related to ODL implementation. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). Results Overall, 84.2%, 95.0% and 67.4% of the participants experienced moderate to very severe level of depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. In addition, 82.6% of them suffering with moderate to extreme level of fear, of which 81.8% of participants had a negative view on ODL. The results of SEM-PLS revealed that there are complementary partial mediation effects of fear on the relationship between depression and students' perception during ODL (β = 0.502, t-value = 0.828, P-value = 0.017). The anxiety (β = 0.353, t-value = 5.401, P-value = 0.000) and stress (β = 0.542, t-value = 8.433, P-value = 0.000) have directly influenced on fear. Conclusion This study demonstrated that university students had the prevalence of psychological symptoms and fear during ODL. In line with this, fear contributes significantly to the mental health status of university students and has negatively impacted the students' perception during ODL implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurhasniza Idham Abu Hasan
- School of Mathematical Sciences Studies, College of Computing, Informatics and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mogana Darshini Ganggayah
- Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics, School of Business, Monash University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Suzainiwati Suhaimi
- BDP Global Services Sdn. Bhd., Menara Takaful Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurhasnira Abu Hasan
- Department of Research, Development and Innovation, Universiti Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Faezah Jamal
- School of Mathematical Sciences Studies, College of Computing, Informatics and Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sporrer JK, Brookes J, Hall S, Zabbah S, Serratos Hernandez UD, Bach DR. Functional sophistication in human escape. iScience 2023; 26:108240. [PMID: 38026199 PMCID: PMC10654542 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals including humans must cope with immediate threat and make rapid decisions to survive. Without much leeway for cognitive or motor errors, this poses a formidable computational problem. Utilizing fully immersive virtual reality with 13 natural threats, we examined escape decisions in N = 59 humans. We show that escape goals are dynamically updated according to environmental changes. The decision whether and when to escape depends on time-to-impact, threat identity and predicted trajectory, and stable personal characteristics. Its implementation appears to integrate secondary goals such as behavioral affordances. Perturbance experiments show that the underlying decision algorithm exhibits planning properties and can integrate novel actions. In contrast, rapid information-seeking and foraging-suppression are only partly devaluation-sensitive. Instead of being instinctive or hardwired stimulus-response patterns, human escape decisions integrate multiple variables in a flexible computational architecture. Taken together, we provide steps toward a computational model of how the human brain rapidly solves survival challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana K. Sporrer
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1B 5EH, UK
| | - Jack Brookes
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1B 5EH, UK
| | - Samson Hall
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1B 5EH, UK
| | - Sajjad Zabbah
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1B 5EH, UK
| | - Ulises Daniel Serratos Hernandez
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1B 5EH, UK
| | - Dominik R. Bach
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research and Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1B 5EH, UK
- University of Bonn, Transdisciplinary Research Area “Life and Health”, Hertz Chair for Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kong T, Zeng S. The Effect of Perceived Environmental Uncertainty on University Students' Anxiety, Academic Engagement, and Prosocial Behavior. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:906. [PMID: 37998653 PMCID: PMC10669797 DOI: 10.3390/bs13110906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncertainty, as the predominant characteristic of the contemporary landscape, poses significant challenges and exerts profound influence on individual decision making and behaviors; however, there remains a limited understanding of its impact on university student behavior. Building upon the uncertainty management theory, this study presents a conceptual framework to investigate the impact of perceived environmental uncertainty on university students' anxiety levels and behaviors, including academic engagement and prosocial behavior. Additionally, our model proposes that the intolerance of uncertainty moderates a mediating effect on anxiety. These hypotheses are empirically tested using a sample of 221 Chinese university students. The results reveal a positive relationship between perceived environmental uncertainty and anxiety among university students; subsequently, anxiety exerts a negative influence on both academic engagement and prosocial behavior. Furthermore, we find that anxiety serves as a psychological mediator between perceived environmental uncertainty and both academic engagement and prosocial behavior. This research also underscores the significance of the intolerance of uncertainty in shaping university students' involvement in academic pursuits when confronted with anxiety stemming from perceived environmental uncertainty. Consequently, these findings have practical implications for facilitating university students' adaptive coping strategies in uncertain contexts and mitigating the negative effects of anxiety on their behavioral responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Kong
- Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China;
| | - Shuang Zeng
- College of Foreign Languages, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Filgueira L, Steinberg A, Mendonca R, Lim SH. Returning to employment following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant: A major problem among survivors. EJHAEM 2023; 4:1132-1142. [PMID: 38024592 PMCID: PMC10660407 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Quality of life (QoL) is an important aspect of cancer survivorship. One of the most acute problems that impact survivors in many aspects of activities of daily living and compromise their QoL is the inability to return to employment following successful cancer therapy. This is most prominent among survivors after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT). More than 50% of the survivors following allo-HSCT remain unemployed one year after the procedure. This problem extends beyond the initial few years; unemployment rates among those who underwent allo-HSCT during their childhoods or adolescence have remained high. The inability to return to employment imposes a financial burden. Survivors following allo-HSCT also experience a multitude of chronic psychosocial complications that may be both contributing and consequential to the inability to return to employment. However, many transplant programs and cancer centers do not have return-to-employment programs. In this review paper, we discuss the prevalence of unemployment following allo-HSCT. We examine the psychosocial symptoms experienced by survivors and how they may affect survivors' ability to return to employment. Finally, we propose a multi-disciplinary multi-pronged occupation-focused approach to address the complex and inter-related psychosocial symptoms to help alleviate the problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Filgueira
- Programs in Occupational TherapyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Amir Steinberg
- Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology and OncologyNew York Medical CollegeValhallaNew YorkUSA
| | - Rochelle Mendonca
- Programs in Occupational TherapyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Seah H. Lim
- Department of MedicineDivision of Hematology and OncologyState University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Casarrubea M, Di Giovanni G, Aiello S, Crescimanno G. The hole-board apparatus in the study of anxiety. Physiol Behav 2023; 271:114346. [PMID: 37690695 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders pose a significant challenge in contemporary society, and their impact in terms of social and economic burden is overwhelming. Behavioral research conducted on animal subjects is crucial for comprehending these disorders and, from a translational standpoint, for introducing innovative therapeutic approaches. In this context, the Hole-Board apparatus has emerged as a widely utilized test for studying anxiety-related behaviors in rodents. Although a substantial body of literature underscores the utility and reliability of the Hole-Board in anxiety research, recent decades have witnessed a range of studies that have led to uncertainties and misinterpretations regarding the validity of this behavioral assay. The objective of this review is twofold: firstly, to underscore the utility and reliability of the Hole-Board assay, and concurrently, to examine the underlying factors contributing to potential misconceptions surrounding its utilization in the study of anxiety and anxiety-related behaviors. We will present results from both conventional quantitative analyses and multivariate approaches, while referencing a comprehensive collection of studies conducted using the Hole-Board.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Casarrubea
- Laboratory of Behavioural Physiology, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Human Physiology Section "Giuseppe Pagano", University of Palermo, Corso Tukory n.129, Palermo 90134, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Aiello
- Laboratory of Behavioural Physiology, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Human Physiology Section "Giuseppe Pagano", University of Palermo, Corso Tukory n.129, Palermo 90134, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Crescimanno
- Laboratory of Behavioural Physiology, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), Human Physiology Section "Giuseppe Pagano", University of Palermo, Corso Tukory n.129, Palermo 90134, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nieves GM, Bravo M, Bath KG. Early life adversity ablates sex differences in active versus passive threat responding in mice. Stress 2023; 26:2244598. [PMID: 37624104 PMCID: PMC10529224 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2023.2244598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life adversity (ELA) heightens the risk for anxiety disorders (which are characterized by heightened fear and avoidance behaviors), with females being twice as likely as males to develop pathology. Pavlovian fear conditioning tasks have been used to study possible mechanisms supporting endophenotypes of pathology. Identification of sex and ELA selective effects on the nature of behavioral responding in these paradigms may provide a unique window into coping strategies in response to learned fear to guide more mechanistic studies. The goals of this study were two-fold; First, to test if male and female mice employed different coping strategies in response to threat learning using different conditioning parameters (low, medium, and high intensity foot shocks). Second, to test if ELA in the form of limited bedding and nesting (LBN) altered the behavioral response of mice to conditioning. Mice received 6 tone/foot-shock pairings at one of three different foot-shock intensities (0.35 mA; 0.57 mA; 0.7 mA). Freezing, darting, and foot-shock reactivity were measured across trials. During conditioning, control-reared female mice exhibited significantly higher rates of darting behavior compared to control males at nearly all shock intensities tested. LBN rearing decreased the proportion of darting females to levels observed in males. Thus, ELA in the form of LBN significantly diminished the recruitment of active versus passive coping strategies in female mice but did not generally change male responding. Additional work will be required to understand the neural basis of these behavioral effects. Findings extending from this work have the potential to shed light on how ELA impacts trajectories of regional brain development with implications for sex-selective risk for behavioral endophenotypes associated with pathology and possibly symptom presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Manzano Nieves
- Department of Psychiatry, Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, and Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021
| | - Marilyn Bravo
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - Kevin G. Bath
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute/Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical College, New York, NY 1003
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kumari D, Patil J. Guided imagery for anxiety disorder: Therapeutic efficacy and changes in quality of life. Ind Psychiatry J 2023; 32:S191-S195. [PMID: 38370950 PMCID: PMC10871407 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_238_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with anxiety disorder were showing severity of anxiety symptoms as well as poor quality of life. Guided imagery (GI) provides immediate relaxation, and improves the severity of anxiety symptoms and the quality of life of patients with anxiety disorder. Anxiety is a basic emotion that is required as a motivation for everyday work of life. Anxiety presents a complex cognitive, affective, physiological, and behavioral response that is related to future harm (real or perceived). Aim To study the efficacy of GI intervention on patients with anxiety disorder and their quality of life. Materials and Methods This longitudinal, interventional study was done in a state institute of mental health, psychiatric unit on 20 patients (outpatients) with anxiety disorder, diagnosed according to diagnostic criteria of research ICD-10 DCR. Patients were assessed using a sociodemographic and clinical data sheet, Hamilton anxiety scale, and World Health Organization QOL instrument, short-form (WHOQOL-BREF), Hindi version. Results Patients with anxiety disorder in the experimental group improved as compared with the control group significantly. The mean QOL-BREF score was also improved after intervention in the intervention group. Conclusion GI intervention helps reduce the severity of anxiety symptoms and improve the quality of life in patients with anxiety disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Kumari
- State Institute of Mental Health (SIMH), Pt. B. D. Sharma University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Jaideep Patil
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Reynolds K, Chimoriya R, Chandio N, Tracey D, Pradhan A, Fahey P, Stormon N, Arora A. Effectiveness of sensory adaptive dental environments to reduce psychophysiology responses of dental anxiety and support positive behaviours in children and young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analyses. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:769. [PMID: 37858057 PMCID: PMC10585952 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) experience oral health inequality due to myriad of risk factors and complex needs. Sensory processing difficulties, maladaptive behaviours and dental anxiety contribute to difficulties in receiving preventive and routine dental treatments. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence on the effectiveness of sensory adaptive dental environments (SADE) for children and young adults (up to the ages 24 years) with IDD to address cooperation and dental anxiety. METHODS This review was reported according to The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. MEDLINE (Ovid), The Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science and OT Seeker were searched using appropriate terms to identify Randomised Control Trails (RCTs) that matched inclusion criteria. Screening was conducted by two reviewers after de-duplication based on titles and abstracts followed by full text retrieval. Quality of the included studies was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB)-2 for crossover trials and data extracted by two reviewers. The details of the interventions and effectiveness were compared and discussed narratively, and comparable outcomes were included to meta-analyses using R software. RESULTS A total of 622 articles were identified and five articles met eligibility for inclusion. Three studies used multi-sensory adaptations and one used single sensory adaptation of music. Narrative synthesis showed some evidence of SADE reducing magnitude and duration, although, questionable for reducing the number of maladaptive behaviours. Two studies demonstrated conflicting evidence of the effect of SADE on cooperation. Three studies demonstrated significant positive impact of SADE on psychophysiological outcomes. Despite an overall tendency to favour SADE, no statistically significant difference of maladaptive behaviours was found between SADE and regular dental environment (RDE) (Standardised mean change (SMC) = 0.51; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) -0.20 to 1.22; p = 0.161). SADE was superior to RDE (SMC -0.66; 95% CI -1.01 to -0.30; p = < 0.001) in reducing psychophysiological responses of dental anxiety. CONCLUSION Current evidence suggests that adapting visual, tactile, and auditory aspects of the dental environment in a single or multi-sensory approach demonstrates small positive effects on psychophysiological responses and maladaptive behaviours of dental anxiety for people with IDD. TRIAL REGISTRATION The title of this review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022322083).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Reynolds
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Ritesh Chimoriya
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
- Philanthropy Nepal (Paropakari Nepal) Research Collaboration, Auburn, NSW, 2144, Australia
| | - Navira Chandio
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Danielle Tracey
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
- Centre for Educational Research, Western Sydney University, Kingswood, NSW, 2747, Australia
| | - Archana Pradhan
- Sydney Dental School, The University of Sydney, Surry Hills, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Paul Fahey
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Nicole Stormon
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Amit Arora
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
- Health Equity Laboratory, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
- Oral Health Services, Sydney Local Health District and Sydney Dental Hospital, NSW Health, Surry Hills, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Reinhard J, Mittermeier A, Brandstetter L, Mowat K, Slyschak A, Reiter AMF, Gamer M, Romanos M. Fear conditioning and fear generalization in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023:10.1007/s00787-023-02304-7. [PMID: 37794273 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Overgeneralization of conditioned fear is associated with anxiety disorders (AD). Most results stem from studies done in adult patients, but studies with children are rare, although the median onset of anxiety disorders lies already in childhood. Thus, the goal of the present study was to examine fear learning and generalization in youth participants, aged 10-17 years, with AD (n = 39) compared to healthy controls (HC) (n = 40). A discriminative fear conditioning and generalization paradigm was used. Ratings of arousal, valence, and US expectancy (the probability of an aversive noise following each stimulus) were measured, hypothesizing that children with AD compared to HC would show heightened ratings of arousal and US expectancy, and decreased positive valence ratings, respectively, as well as overgeneralization of fear. The results indicated that children with AD rated all stimuli as more arousing and less pleasant, and demonstrated higher US expectancy ratings to all stimuli when compared to HC. Thus, rather than displaying qualitatively different generalization patterns (e.g., a linear vs. quadratic slope of the gradient), differences between groups were more quantitative (similar, but parallel shifted gradient). Therefore, overgeneralization of conditioned fear does not seem to be a general marker of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Reinhard
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Anna Mittermeier
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Brandstetter
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kimberly Mowat
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Slyschak
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea M F Reiter
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Gamer
- Department of Psychology (Experimental Clinical Psychology), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wasim A, Truong J, Bakshi S, Majid U. A systematic review of fear, stigma, and mental health outcomes of pandemics. J Ment Health 2023; 32:920-934. [PMID: 35791727 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2091754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the mental health of people globally. Despite substantial research on the short-term psychological impact of COVID-19, its long-term consequences on mental health remain relatively unexplored. AIMS We aimed to examine mental health literature on prior outbreaks to provide recommendations for developing effective strategies to mitigate the short- and long-term psychological impact of the current pandemic. METHODS We conducted a narrative review of 41 studies to analyze the adverse impact of the following epidemics and pandemics on the mental health of individuals, groups, and communities: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Influenza A/H1N1, and Ebola Virus Disease. RESULTS We noted that these past epidemics and pandemics escalated stress, distress, anxiety, fear, and stigma that persisted in countries and communities. We also identified the role of misinformation in propagating discrimination and prejudice towards certain groups. CONCLUSIONS We discuss how the mental health outcomes of previous pandemics differed from the COVID-19 outbreak. We believe that strategies that reduce misinformation, educational initiatives, and mental health programs when introduced at the individual and community level have the potential to effectively diminish the negative psychological impact of COVID-19. PRISMA This study followed the PRISMA guidance and was not registered in PROSPERO. This is a narrative review that used qualitative thematic analysis. Publishing a protocol on a protocol repository for such reviews is not the standard of practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aghna Wasim
- BSc Undergraduate Psychology Program, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Judy Truong
- Research & Development, MaRS Discovery District, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simran Bakshi
- BSc Undergraduate Science Program, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Umair Majid
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhao S, Cui W, Yin G, Wei H, Li J, Bao J. Effects of Different Auditory Environments on Behavior, Learning Ability, and Fearfulness in 4-Week-Old Laying Hen Chicks. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3022. [PMID: 37835629 PMCID: PMC10572013 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental enrichment can improve animal welfare. As a method of environmental enrichment, the effect of different auditory stimulations on the behavior response and welfare of laying hen chicks has yet to be investigated. Therefore, this study was aimed at exploring the impact of various auditory exposures on the behavior, learning ability, and fear response of 4-week-old laying hen chicks. A total of 600 1-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to five different groups: C (control group), LM (Mozart's String Quartets, 65 to 75 dB), LN (recorded ventilation fans and machinery, 65 to 75 dB), HN (recorded ventilation fans and machinery, 85 to 95 dB), and HM (Mozart's String Quartets, 85 to 95 dB). The experiment was conducted from day 1 until the end of the experiment on day 28. Groups LM and LN were exposed to music and noise stimulation ranging from 65 to 75 dB. Groups HN and HM, meanwhile, received noise and music stimulation ranging from 85 to 95 dB. The control group (C) did not receive any additional auditory stimuli. During the experimental period, continuous behavioral recordings were made of each group of chicks from day 22 to day 28. On day 21, the PAL (one-trial passive avoidance learning) task was conducted. On days 23 and 24, OF (open field) and TI (tonic immobility) tests were performed, and the levels of serum CORT (corticosterone) and DA (dopamine) were measured. The results indicated that exposure to music and noise at intensities ranging from 85 to 95 dB could reduce comforting, preening, PAL avoidance rate, the total number of steps and grid crossings of OF, and the concentration of DA in 4 WOA chicks (p < 0.05), increase the freezing times of OF (p < 0.05); 65 to 75 dB of noise stimulation could reduce preening and total number steps of OF in 4 WOA chicks (p < 0.05), increase the freezing times of OF (p < 0.05); and 65 to 75 dB of music exposure could reduce the concentration of CORT in 4 WOA chicks (p < 0.05). Therefore, 65 to 75 dB of music exposure could produce positive effects on chicks and showed relatively low CORT level, whereas 85 to 95 dB of music and noise exposure could reduce comforting and preening behavior, impair learning ability, and increase the fear responses of chicks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (S.Z.); (W.C.); (G.Y.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Weiguo Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (S.Z.); (W.C.); (G.Y.)
| | - Guoan Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (S.Z.); (W.C.); (G.Y.)
| | - Haidong Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Jun Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Anderson MG, Johnson AM, Jacobs L, Ali ABA. Influence of Perch-Provision Timing on Anxiety and Fearfulness in Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3003. [PMID: 37835608 PMCID: PMC10572007 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Perches can enhance laying hen welfare, but their effectiveness might be age-dependent. We investigated early and late perch access effects on anxiety and fear in pullets through attention bias (AB) and tonic immobility (TI) tests. Pullets (n = 728) were raised with or without multi-level perches: CP (continuous perch access: 0-37 weeks), EP (early perch access: 0-17 weeks), LP (late perch access: 17-37 weeks), and NP (no perch access). AB was conducted in weeks 21 and 37 (n = 84/week), and TI was performed in weeks 20, 25, and 37 (n = 112/week). CP hens fed quicker than EP, LP, and NP in AB at weeks 21 and 37 (p ≤ 0.05). CP and NP feeding latencies were stable, while EP and LP fed faster at week 37 (p ≤ 0.05). CP had the shortest TI at week 20 (p < 0.05). CP and LP had the shortest TI in weeks 25 and 37 (all p ≤ 0.05). Unlike NP, CP reduced anxiety and fear. Adding perches during laying (LP) raised anxiety at week 21, adapting by week 37, and removing pre-laying perches (EP) worsened fear at weeks 20 and 25 and anxiety at week 21, recovering by week 37. Adding or removing perches prior to the lay phase increased fear and anxiety, an effect that disappeared by week 37 of age. Our study indicates that continuous perch access benefits animal welfare compared to no perch access at all.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mallory G. Anderson
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (M.G.A.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Alexa M. Johnson
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (M.G.A.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Leonie Jacobs
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Ahmed B. A. Ali
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (M.G.A.); (A.M.J.)
- Animal Behavior and Management, Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
McPeake K, Sparkes A, Billy C, Endersby S, Collin JF, De Jaeger X. Development of a Cat Behaviour Issues Assessment Scale (CABIAS) Assessing Problem Behaviours in Cats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2992. [PMID: 37760392 PMCID: PMC10525805 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Problem behaviours in cats, such as urine marking, scratching, fear, and problems of cohabitation between cats, can present a potential welfare problem for those affected cats and have a negative impact on the human-animal bond. The aim of this study was to develop a Cat Behaviour Issues Assessment Scale (CABIAS) for caregivers to assess these common problem behaviours in cats, and to investigate aspects of the validity and reliability of the CABIAS. The CABIAS uses an index score as a scoring system combining aspects of the frequency and intensity of the problem behaviour. An electronic survey was developed, and 384 households, each with two participants able to observe the cat's behaviour, were recruited for the study. The participants were asked to record their cat's behaviour independently at weekly intervals over a 6-week period. A FELIWAY Optimum diffuser (containing a commercial feline pheromone complex) was provided to half of the participants, to be used during part of the study. The participants were subdivided into four groups according to whether a problem behaviour was present (or not) and whether the pheromone diffuser was provided (or not). The results demonstrated that the index scores for each problem behaviour had very high inter-rater reliability. There was a high correlation between the index scores and the impact the problem behaviours had on the caregivers. In those cats with a declared problem behaviour where the product was used, a reduction in index scores was observed over the duration of the study. The CABIAS was shown to exhibit satisfactory validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change in the current study, suggesting that it may be valuable as a tool for assessing and monitoring scratching, inter-cat cohabitation, urine marking, and fear in cats. The CABIAS could be used by veterinarians and behaviourists to assess these problem behaviours in individual cats and monitor responses to treatment. The CABIAS could also be considered as a research tool to assess the efficacy of interventions aimed at improving these problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin McPeake
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK;
| | - Andrew Sparkes
- Simply Feline Veterinary Consultancy, Shaftesbury SP7 8FY, UK;
| | - Charlotte Billy
- Ceva Santé Animale, 10 Av. de la Ballastière, 33500 Libourne, France; (C.B.); (S.E.); (J.F.C.)
| | - Sarah Endersby
- Ceva Santé Animale, 10 Av. de la Ballastière, 33500 Libourne, France; (C.B.); (S.E.); (J.F.C.)
| | - Jean François Collin
- Ceva Santé Animale, 10 Av. de la Ballastière, 33500 Libourne, France; (C.B.); (S.E.); (J.F.C.)
| | - Xavier De Jaeger
- Ceva Santé Animale, 10 Av. de la Ballastière, 33500 Libourne, France; (C.B.); (S.E.); (J.F.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dil S, Yıldırım T, Öztürk PÇ. The mediating role of sleep quality in the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and fear of COVID-19. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15491. [PMID: 37726435 PMCID: PMC10509189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has jeopardized humanity worldwide and has considerably altered the healthy lifestyle behaviors of societies. This study examined the possible mediating role of sleep quality in the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and fear of COVID-19 among Turkish adults. This study used an observational and descriptive design. It was carried out online with 1,130 participants across Turkey between April and August 2021. The data were collected using a questionnaire, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FC-19S), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Orthorexia Nervosa-R (ON-R). The participants had an ON-R mean score of 3.08 ± 0.90 and a mean PSQI score of 8.03 ± 2.80. Likewise, their mean FC-19S score was 18.24 ± 6.55. There was a significant positive correlation between the FC-19S and the PSQI (r = 0.208; p = 0.000) as well as a significant negative correlation between the ON-R and the PSQI (r = - 0.145; p = 0.000). In addition, the results of the process model analysis supported our hypotheses that the PSQI was a predictor of ON-R and that its direct and indirect effects were moderated by FC19S and the PSQI. A one-unit increase in FC-19S scores causes an average 1% increase on the ON-R scale, while it generates an 8% increase on the PSQI. It was determined that the PSQI total score caused an average of 6% increase in the ON-R scale score. The findings of this study showed that sleep quality has a mediating role in the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and fear of COVID-19 experienced by Turkish adults during the pandemic. For this reason, governments need to take the necessary precautions concerning this subject when creating action plans for possible global crisis situations that may adversely affect public health in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satı Dil
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universtiy of Çankırı Karatekin, Çankırı, Turkey.
| | - Tuğba Yıldırım
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universtiy of Çankırı Karatekin, Çankırı, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gutiérrez-Rodelo C, Ochoa-López A, Luis Balderas-López J, Reyes-Ramírez A, Millán-Pacheco C, Favela-Rosales F, Navarrete A. "Eritadenine as a regulator of anxiety Disorders: An experimental and docking Approach". Neurosci Lett 2023; 813:137413. [PMID: 37541318 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Uncertainty persists regarding the specific chemical causal factors and their corresponding behavioral effects in anxiety disorders. Commonly employed first-line treatments for anxiety target G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including inhibitors of monoaminergic systems. Alternatively, emerging natural bioactive strategies offer potential for mitigating adverse effects. Recent investigations have implicated adenosine in anxiety-triggering mechanisms, while eritadenine, an adenosine analog derived from Shiitake mushroom, has displayed promising attributes. This study explores eritadenine's potential as a bioactive substance for anxiety disorders in mice, employing behavioral tests, pentobarbital-sleep induction, and molecular docking. Behavioral test results reveal a pronounced anxiolytic and sedative-hypnotic pharmacological effect of eritadenine. Our findings suggest that eritadenine may modulate locomotor functions mediated by adenosine receptors, with a stronger affinity for binding to A2AAR over A1AR, thus eliciting these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Citlaly Gutiérrez-Rodelo
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México.
| | - Aurora Ochoa-López
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - José Luis Balderas-López
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Adelfo Reyes-Ramírez
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Batalla 5 de mayo s/n esquina Fuerte de Loreto, Ejército de Oriente, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09230, México
| | - Cesar Millán-Pacheco
- Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca Mor. C.P. 62209, México
| | - Fernando Favela-Rosales
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnológico Nacional de México - ITS Zacatecas Occidente, Sombrerete, Zacatecas 99102, México
| | - Andrés Navarrete
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ostergaard JR. Treatment of non-epileptic episodes of anxious, fearful behavior in adolescent juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN3 disease). Front Neurol 2023; 14:1216861. [PMID: 37771451 PMCID: PMC10523314 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1216861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent non-epileptic episodes of frightened facial and body expression occur in more than half of post-adolescent patients with juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL, CLN3 disease). Clinically, the episodes look similar to the attacks of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) commonly seen following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The episodes occur when the patients are exposed to separation, hear loud sounds or are otherwise bothered by discomfort and as in PSH following TBI, the attacks are difficult to prevent and/or treat. Aim and methods Based on present knowledge of triggering factors, the neural anxiety/fear circuit, its afferent and efferent pathways and documented CLN3 disease-impact on these tracks, the current study discusses a rational approach how to prevent and/or treat the attacks. Results Patients with JNCL have a disturbed somatosensory modulation leading to a reduced threshold of pain; a degeneration within the neural anxiety/fear circuit leading to an imbalance of central network inhibition and excitation pathways; and finally, an, with advancing age, increasing autonomic imbalance leading to a significant dominance of the sympathetic neural system. Discussion Theoretically, there are three points of attack how to prevent or treat the episodes: (1) increase in threshold of discomfort impact; (2) modulation of imbalance of central network inhibition and excitation, and (3) restoring the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic neural systems prompted by a parasympathetic withdrawal. As to (1) and (2), prevention should have the greatest priority. As regards (3), research of transcutaneous vagal stimulation treatment in JNCL is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R. Ostergaard
- Department of Child and Adolescence, Centre for Rare Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Garrido-Palomino I, España-Romero V. Fear of falling in women: A psychological training intervention improves climbing performance. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1518-1529. [PMID: 37965818 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2281157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a psychological training intervention based on emotional regulation on anxiety and climbing ability in women climbers with fear of falling. A secondary aim was to compare the outcomes of climbing ability, anxiety, self-confidence and interoceptive awareness (IA) between the psychological group (PG), a training (TG) and a control group. Self-reported climbing ability, anxiety and IA were assessed using Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness questionnaire. Results indicated a significant improvement in climbing ability for both PG and TG. The PG showed a significant reduction in cognitive and somatic anxiety, while the TG only exhibited a reduction in cognitive anxiety. Moreover, the PG demonstrated a greater significant increase in self-confidence compared to the TG. IA improved in five subscales for the PG, whereas the TG changed in only two subscales. In conclusion, a psychological training intervention focusing on emotional regulation might contribute to improvements in IA, reduced anxiety levels, and enhancements in climbing ability and self-confidence among women climbers facing fear of falling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Garrido-Palomino
- MOVE-IT Research Group and Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Vanesa España-Romero
- MOVE-IT Research Group and Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nicolas C, Ju A, Wu Y, Eldirdiri H, Delcasso S, Couderc Y, Fornari C, Mitra A, Supiot L, Vérité A, Masson M, Rodriguez-Rozada S, Jacky D, Wiegert JS, Beyeler A. Linking emotional valence and anxiety in a mouse insula-amygdala circuit. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5073. [PMID: 37604802 PMCID: PMC10442438 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Responses of the insular cortex (IC) and amygdala to stimuli of positive and negative valence are altered in patients with anxiety disorders. However, neural coding of both anxiety and valence by IC neurons remains unknown. Using fiber photometry recordings in mice, we uncover a selective increase of activity in IC projection neurons of the anterior (aIC), but not posterior (pIC) section, when animals are exploring anxiogenic spaces, and this activity is proportional to the level of anxiety of mice. Neurons in aIC also respond to stimuli of positive and negative valence, and the strength of response to strong negative stimuli is proportional to mice levels of anxiety. Using ex vivo electrophysiology, we characterized the IC connection to the basolateral amygdala (BLA), and employed projection-specific optogenetics to reveal anxiogenic properties of aIC-BLA neurons. Finally, we identified that aIC-BLA neurons are activated in anxiogenic spaces, as well as in response to aversive stimuli, and that both activities are positively correlated. Altogether, we identified a common neurobiological substrate linking negative valence with anxiety-related information and behaviors, which provides a starting point to understand how alterations of these neural populations contribute to psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Nicolas
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Ju
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Y Wu
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - H Eldirdiri
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - S Delcasso
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Y Couderc
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - C Fornari
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Mitra
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - L Supiot
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Vérité
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Masson
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - S Rodriguez-Rozada
- Research Group Synaptic Wiring and Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Jacky
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - J S Wiegert
- Research Group Synaptic Wiring and Information Processing, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Beyeler
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ellmers TJ, Wilson MR, Kal EC, Young WR. The perceived control model of falling: developing a unified framework to understand and assess maladaptive fear of falling. Age Ageing 2023; 52:afad093. [PMID: 37466642 PMCID: PMC10355179 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND fear of falling is common in older adults and can have a profound influence on a variety of behaviours that increase fall risk. However, fear of falling can also have potentially positive outcomes for certain individuals. Without progressing our understanding of mechanisms underlying these contrasting outcomes, it is difficult to clinically manage fear of falling. METHODS this paper first summarises recent findings on the topic of fear of falling, balance and fall risk-including work highlighting the protective effects of fear. Specific focus is placed on describing how fear of falling influences perceptual, cognitive and motor process in ways that might either increase or reduce fall risk. Finally, it reports the development and validation of a new clinical tool that can be used to assess the maladaptive components of fear of falling. RESULTS we present a new conceptual framework-the Perceived Control Model of Falling-that describes specific mechanisms through which fear of falling can influence fall risk. The key conceptual advance is the identification of perceived control over situations that threaten one's balance as the crucial factor mediating the relationship between fear and increased fall risk. The new 4-item scale that we develop-the Updated Perceived Control over Falling Scale (UP-COF)-is a valid and reliable tool to clinically assess perceived control. CONCLUSION this new conceptualisation and tool (UP-COF) allows clinicians to identify individuals for whom fear of falling is likely to increase fall risk, and target specific underlying maladaptive processes such as low perceived control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark R Wilson
- Department of Public Health and Sports Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Elmar C Kal
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - William R Young
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Brunel University London, London, UK
- Department of Public Health and Sports Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Dahlan M, Alsaywed R, Alamoudi R, Batarfi AA, Basodan OY, Gazzaz Y, Alqarni YA, Alamoudi A. Assessment of Different Distraction Behavioral Methods in Pediatric Dental Clinic: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e42366. [PMID: 37621781 PMCID: PMC10445507 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental anxiety is one of the main problems dentists may face during the treatment of pediatric dental patients; therefore, clinicians tend to perform different behavior management techniques to reduce dental anxiety in children. This review aimed to systematically compare and evaluate the published literature regarding the effects of distraction techniques on anxiety, pain perception, and patient experience during dental practice. A detailed electronic search was conducted on 3 databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. The databases were searched for articles published in the English language between 2015 and 2022. Among 102 studies, 27 studies fulfilled the criteria of eligibility and were included in this study to be analyzed. Numerous approaches have been proposed for the reduction of dental anxiety, out of which the use of audio-visual aids and instruments, active distraction such as tablets, smartphones, and virtual reality glasses showed governance in decreasing the children's anxiety followed by cognitive and behavioral methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Dahlan
- Pediatric Dentistry, North Jeddah Speciality Dental Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Rafal Alsaywed
- General Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Amal A Batarfi
- General Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Yara Gazzaz
- General Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cox RB, Lin H, Cartagena MJL, Greder KA, Larzelere RE, Washburn IJ, Sahbaz S. Validation of the Family Fear of Deportation Scale for youth. FAMILY RELATIONS 2023; 72:734-754. [PMID: 37583769 PMCID: PMC10424777 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study reports on the psychometric properties of a new instrument to assess family fear of deportation in two versions (binary and polytomous response options). Background The impact of fear of deportation extends beyond foreign-born youth to U.S. citizen children in families with unauthorized members, and negatively affects their academic achievement and their physical, mental, and behavioral health. A measure assessing levels of fear of deportation among youth is lacking. Methods Participants were first- and second-generation Latino immigrant youth (N = 145 in Study 1 and N = 107 in Study 2). Item response theory (IRT), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), correlation analysis, and reliability tests were used to assess the scale's psychometric properties. Results The results supported a five-item binary version and a six-item polytomous version of the scale. Both demonstrated excellent model fit, good reliability, and criterion validity. Conclusions The six-item polytomous version is slightly more parsimonious than the five-item binary version scale, has better internal consistency, and captures a modestly wider range of the construct. The binary version may be preferable for immigrant youth who prefer straightforward response options. Implications Researchers and practitioners can use either version of the Family Fear of Deportation Scale with confidence to assess deportation-related fear among Latino immigrant youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B. Cox
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Hua Lin
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | | | - Kimberly A. Greder
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies/Human Sciences Extension and Outreach, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Robert E. Larzelere
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Isaac, J. Washburn
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Sumeyra Sahbaz
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Maj K, Grzybowicz P, Drela WL, Olszanowski M. Touching a Mechanical Body: The Role of Anthropomorphic Framing in Physiological Arousal When Touching a Robot. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5954. [PMID: 37447802 PMCID: PMC10346885 DOI: 10.3390/s23135954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The growing prevalence of social robots in various fields necessitates a deeper understanding of touch in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). This study investigates how human-initiated touch influences physiological responses during interactions with robots, considering factors such as anthropomorphic framing of robot body parts and attributed gender. Two types of anthropomorphic framings are applied: the use of anatomical body part names and assignment of male or female gender to the robot. Higher physiological arousal was observed when touching less accessible body parts than when touching more accessible body parts in both conditions. Results also indicate that using anatomical names intensifies arousal compared to the control condition. Additionally, touching the male robot resulted in higher arousal in all participants, especially when anatomical body part names were used. This study contributes to the understanding of how anthropomorphic framing and gender impact physiological arousal in touch interactions with social robots, offering valuable insights for social robotics development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Maj
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University, 03-815 Warsaw, Poland; (P.G.); (W.L.D.); (M.O.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lai TT, Gericke B, Feja M, Conoscenti M, Zelikowsky M, Richter F. Anxiety in synucleinopathies: neuronal circuitry, underlying pathomechanisms and current therapeutic strategies. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:97. [PMID: 37349373 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by alpha-synuclein (αSyn) accumulation in neurons or glial cells, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). αSyn-related pathology plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies leading to the progressive loss of neuronal populations in specific brain regions and the development of motor and non-motor symptoms. Anxiety is among the most frequent non-motor symptoms in patients with PD, but it remains underrecognized and undertreated, which significantly reduces the quality of life for patients. Anxiety is defined as a neuropsychiatric complication with characteristics such as nervousness, loss of concentration, and sweating due to the anticipation of impending danger. In patients with PD, neuropathology in the amygdala, a central region in the anxiety and fear circuitry, may contribute to the high prevalence of anxiety. Studies in animal models reported αSyn pathology in the amygdala together with alteration of anxiety or fear learning response. Therefore, understanding the progression, extent, and specifics of pathology in the anxiety and fear circuitry in synucleinopathies will suggest novel approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Here, we provide an overview of studies that address neuropsychiatric symptoms in synucleinopathies. We offer insights into anxiety and fear circuitry in animal models and the current implications for therapeutic intervention. In summary, it is apparent that anxiety is not a bystander symptom in these disorders but reflects early pathogenic mechanisms in the cortico-limbic system which may even contribute as a driver to disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thi Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birthe Gericke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malte Feja
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Franziska Richter
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kavuma D, Kirwana VB, Taani M. Factors Associated with HIV Positive Serostatus Disclosure to Sexual Partners Among Sexually Active Young People on Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Central Uganda. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2023; 15:293-311. [PMID: 37312814 PMCID: PMC10259591 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s407535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction HIV serostatus disclosure is a fundamental HIV prevention and care strategy yet with a paucity of literature. This study comprehended the factors associated with HIV serostatus disclosure to sexual partners among young people aged 15-24 years on anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Methods This explanatory sequential study utilized quantitative data from 238 young people who had been on ART for over 12 months and were sexually active for at least 6 months in seven districts of Central Uganda. Pearson's Chi-square and multinomial logistic regression analysis at α=0.05 was used to determine the factors associated with serostatus disclosure among study participants. Qualitative data from 18 young people were collected using an in-depth interview guide and analyzed thematically. Results Non-disclosure was at 26.9%, one-way disclosure was at 24.4%, and two-way disclosure was at 48.7%. Participants who contracted HIV from their partners were three times more likely (RRR=2.752; 95% CI: 1.100-6.888) to have one-way disclosure than non-disclosure, compared to those who had a perinatal infection. Those who contracted HIV from their partners were twice more likely (RRR=2.357; 95% CI: 1.065-5.214) to have two-way disclosure than non-disclosure, compared to those who had a perinatal infection. Participants who stayed with their partners were four times more likely (RRR=3.869; 95% CI: 1.146-13.060) to have two-way disclosure than non-disclosure, compared to those who stayed with their parents. Young people disclosed because they were tired of secrecy and desired treatment adherence and did not disclose due to fear of stigma and losing their partners' support. Conclusion Many sexually active young people on ART did not disclose their HIV-positive status to sexual partners mainly due to poverty, having multiple-sexual partners, and stigma. Interventions fighting stigma, multiple-sexual relationships, and poverty among sexually active young people on ART should be strengthened.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Kavuma
- Mildmay Institute of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- School of Graduate Studies, Uganda Martyrs University-Nkozi, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Venantius Bbaale Kirwana
- Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning, Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights Alliance, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University School of Statistics and Applied Economics, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mary Taani
- Community Systems Strengthening, Mubende Region, Mildmay Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|