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Gutiérrez-Manzanedo JV, González-Montesinos JL, Aguilera-Arjona J, Rodríguez-Martínez A, Vaz-Pardal C, España-Romero V, Rivas-Ruiz F, Blázquez-Sánchez N, De Gálvez-Aranda MV, De Troya-Martín M. Ultraviolet sun exposure and sun protection behaviors in outdoor rock climbers. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2817-2826. [PMID: 37847459 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexposure to sunlight and sunburn are the main preventable causes of skin cancer. Outdoor sports are associated with significant levels of sunlight exposure. AIMS We sought to quantify the sun radiation exposure received by outdoor rock climbers and assess their sun exposure habits, sun protection behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge regarding skin cancer. METHODS From April to June 2021, outdoor rock climbers contacted via email completed an online validated self-reported questionnaire on sun related habits, behaviors, attitudes and knowledge. As a pilot trial, ten participants wore a personal dosimeter during two outdoor climbing weekends in May and November 2021. Ambient ultraviolet radiation (UVR) was also recorded. RESULTS A total of 217 outdoor rock climbers (103 women), mean age 36.8 ± 8.8 years (range 20-70 years) and median climbing practice per week of 8 h (IQR 7.5) were studied. Two in three (65.9%) participants reported at least one sunburn event during the previous rock climbing season. Of the survey respondents, 49.3% reported using sunscreen with SPF ≥ 15, 47% wore sunglasses, and 14.3% indicated they reapplied sunscreen every two hours. The median personal UVR dose measured during the two outdoor climbing weekends analyzed was 5.2 (IQR 1.8) and 8.8 (IQR 1.1) standard erythemal doses, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The high rates of sunburn, the elevated personal UVR measured and the clearly insufficient sun protection practices followed during rock climbing together with unsatisfactory attitudes towards tanning reveal the need to develop explicit sun protection campaigns and educational strategies to reduce the risk of skin cancer among the athletes studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- José V Gutiérrez-Manzanedo
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avda. República Saharaui s/n, Puerto Real, 11519, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - José Luis González-Montesinos
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avda. República Saharaui s/n, Puerto Real, 11519, Cádiz, Spain
| | - José Aguilera-Arjona
- Photobiological Dermatology Laboratory Medical Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Vanesa España-Romero
- MOVE-IT Research Group and Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | | | - María Victoria De Gálvez-Aranda
- Photobiological Dermatology Laboratory Medical Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Garrido-Palomino I, España-Romero V. Fear of falling in women: A psychological training intervention improves climbing performance. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1518-1529. [PMID: 37965818 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2281157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a psychological training intervention based on emotional regulation on anxiety and climbing ability in women climbers with fear of falling. A secondary aim was to compare the outcomes of climbing ability, anxiety, self-confidence and interoceptive awareness (IA) between the psychological group (PG), a training (TG) and a control group. Self-reported climbing ability, anxiety and IA were assessed using Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness questionnaire. Results indicated a significant improvement in climbing ability for both PG and TG. The PG showed a significant reduction in cognitive and somatic anxiety, while the TG only exhibited a reduction in cognitive anxiety. Moreover, the PG demonstrated a greater significant increase in self-confidence compared to the TG. IA improved in five subscales for the PG, whereas the TG changed in only two subscales. In conclusion, a psychological training intervention focusing on emotional regulation might contribute to improvements in IA, reduced anxiety levels, and enhancements in climbing ability and self-confidence among women climbers facing fear of falling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Garrido-Palomino
- MOVE-IT Research Group and Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Vanesa España-Romero
- MOVE-IT Research Group and Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
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López-Rivera E, González-Badillo JJ, España-Romero V. Which is the most reliable edge depth to measure maximum hanging time in sport climbers? Gait Posture 2022; 91:59-65. [PMID: 34649172 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.09.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to generate high levels of force with the finger flexor muscles and sustain it for the maximum time was reported as a climbing performance factor. This study aimed to answer the question of which is the most reliable edge depth to measure maximum hanging time in non-elite and elite rock climbers: 6, 8, 10, 12 or 14 mm. METHODS Thirty-six climbers (10 female, 26 male; 6b-8c redpoint level) were assessed twice, one week apart. RESULTS Systematic bias (95 % limits of agreements) was -1.84 (6.31) for HT6, -0.26 (8.83) for HT8, -1.30 (8.72) for HT10, -4.37 (9.57) for HT12, and -2.94 (9.53) for HT14 at non-elite group (all P values > 0.05 but HT12 and HT14). Among elite group, -1.38 (7.58), 0.68 (12.09), -2.20 (13.35), -0.49 (9.80) and 0.73 (10.44) was found (all P > 0.05) for HT6, HT8, HT10, HT12 and HT14, respectively. No patterns of heteroscedasticity were observed for any of the trials for non-elite and elite climbers. SIGNIFICANCE Among all edge depths analysed, 8 mm seemed to be the most accurate edge to evaluate hanging time. Alternatively, a 10 mm hold depth could be recommended for climbers from 6b to 7c, and 12 mm for climbers from 7c+ to 8c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva López-Rivera
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Castilla la Mancha, Avenida de Carlos III, s/n. 45071 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Juan José González-Badillo
- Physical Performance and Sports Research Center, University of Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera, 1, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Vanesa España-Romero
- MOVE-IT Research Group and Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Paseo de Carlos III, 28, 11003 Cádiz, Spain; Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 9ª Planta Investigación Avda. Ana de Viya, 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain.
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Künzell S, Balas J, España-Romero V, Giles D, Legreneur P. Editorial: Research in Sport Climbing. Front Psychol 2021; 12:752617. [PMID: 34630259 PMCID: PMC8492942 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.752617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Künzell
- Institute for Sports Science, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jiri Balas
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vanesa España-Romero
- Department of Teaching Physical Education, Fine Arts and Music, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - David Giles
- Lattice Training Ltd, Chesterfield, United Kingdom
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Giles D, Barnes K, Taylor N, Chidley C, Chidley J, Mitchell J, Torr O, Gibson-Smith E, España-Romero V. Anthropometry and performance characteristics of recreational advanced to elite female rock climbers. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:48-56. [PMID: 32808569 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1804784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite climbing's popularity and an increasing number of female participants, there are limited anthropometric and performance data for this population. This study compares the characteristics of 55 experienced female climbers, divided into three categories (lower [ADV-L] and higher advanced [ADV-H] and elite [ELT]) based on self-reported ability. Data on climbing experience, body dimensions, body composition, flexibility, lower and upper-body power and finger strength were assessed. ELT climbers differed significantly from the ADV groups in age (Mean Difference [MD] = 8.8-9.8 yrs; despite smaller differences in years climbing MD = 1.6-2.4 yrs), greater climbing and hours training per week (MD = 3.0-3.7 h & MD = 0.9-1.6 h, respectively), and greater upper-body power (MD = 12.9-16.6 cm) and finger strength (MD = 51.6-65.4 N). Linear regression analysis showed finger strength and upper body power to be associated with ability, particularly when adjusting for descriptive and anthropometric variables (finger strength R2 = 53% and 45%; upper-body power R2 = 60% and 39% for boulder and sport, respectively). The findings support the importance of finger strength and upper-body power; changes in female anthropometric data over the last decade provide insight into the changing nature of the sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Giles
- Health and Social Care Research Centre, Health and Social Care, University of Derby , Derby, UK.,Research and Development, Lattice Training Ltd , Chesterfield, UK
| | - Kimberly Barnes
- Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby , Derby, UK.,Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University , Sheffield UK
| | - Nicola Taylor
- Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby , Derby, UK
| | - Corinna Chidley
- Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby , Derby, UK
| | - Joel Chidley
- Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby , Derby, UK
| | - James Mitchell
- Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby , Derby, UK
| | - Oliver Torr
- Research and Development, Lattice Training Ltd , Chesterfield, UK
| | - Edward Gibson-Smith
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University , Sheffield UK
| | - Vanesa España-Romero
- MOVE-IT Research group and Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences University of Cádiz , Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital University of Cádiz , Spain
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Garrido-Palomino I, Fryer S, Giles D, González-Rosa JJ, España-Romero V. Attentional Differences as a Function of Rock Climbing Performance. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1550. [PMID: 32793035 PMCID: PMC7391793 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between attention (using two different attention tasks) and self-reported climbing ability while considering potential confounding factors (sex, age, climbing experience, and cardiorespiratory fitness) in a group of experienced climbers. Accuracy of response (AC) and reaction time (RT) from two different attention tasks using the Vienna Test System, along with self-reported on-sight and red-point climbing ability, were assessed in 35 climbers. Linear regression revealed that climbers with the highest self-reported on-sight grade had better AC during the attention task. Linear regression models revealed, after controlling for potential confounders, that AC, measured using two attention tasks, was positively related to climbers' highest self-reported on-sight climbing ability (β = 0.388; p = 0.031). No significant differences were found between AC and self-reported red-point climbing ability (β = 0.286; p = 0.064). No significant relationship was found between RT and climbing ability (β = -0.102 to 0.020; p = 0.064). In conclusion, higher-level rock climbers appear to have an enhanced attention, which is related to on-sight lead climbing style, and thus, it may be an important component of climbing performance. Coaches should consider incorporating techniques to train attention based on on-sight climbing style in climbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Garrido-Palomino
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Simon Fryer
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Giles
- Lattice Training Ltd., Chesterfield, United Kingdom
| | - Javier J. González-Rosa
- Neuroimaging and Psychophysiology Group, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Vanesa España-Romero
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
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Garrido-Palomino I, España-Romero V. Role of emotional intelligence on rock climbing performance. [El rol de la inteligencia emocional en el rendimiento en escalada]. Rev int cienc deporte 2019. [DOI: 10.5232/ricyde2019.05706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Jiménez-Pavón D, Sánchez-Delgado A, Velazquez-Diaz D, Ponce-González JG, España-Romero V, Casals-Vázquez C, Grao-Cruces A, Sañudo-Corrales B, Barbas-Arribas C, García-Alloza M, González-Rosa JJ, Duran-Ruiz C, Moya-Molina MA, Rabadán-Asensio A, Castro-Piñero J, Cantero JL, Carbonell-Baeza A. P1-598: EFFECT OF SUPERVISED PHYSICAL EXERCISE AT CEREBRAL, COGNITIVE AND METABOLOMIC LEVELS IN OLDER PEOPLE AT RISK OF MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: THE EFICCOM PROJECT. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fryer SM, Giles D, Palomino IG, de la O Puerta A, España-Romero V. Hemodynamic and Cardiorespiratory Predictors of Sport Rock Climbing Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 32:3534-3541. [PMID: 28301444 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fryer, SM, Giles, D, Garrido Palomino, I, de la O Puerta, A, and España-Romero, V. Hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory predictors of sport rock climbing performance. J Strength Cond Res 32(12): 3543-3550, 2018-Rock climbing performance has been suggested to involve a notable contribution from aerobic metabolism. Previously, it has been shown that forearm oxygenation kinetics can be used to distinguish ability groups and predict red-point sport climbing performance. Currently, it is not known if forearm oxygenation kinetics or a sport-specific assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness best predicts sport rock climbing performance. The aim of the study was to determine whether forearm oxidative capacity index, maximal deoxygenation (Δ score) during a treadwall V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak test, treadwall V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak, or running V[Combining Dot Above]O2max best predicts self-reported sport climbing performance. Twenty-one male sport rock climbers completed a treadwall V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak, running V[Combining Dot Above]O2max, and an assessment of near-infrared spectroscopy-derived oxidative capacity index. Linear regression, adjusted for age and experience (years), revealed that forearm oxidative capacity index, treadwall maximal deoxygenation (Δ), and treadwall V[Combining Dot Above]O2peak all significantly predicted self-reported red-point sport climbing ability (Adj R = -0.398, -0.255, and 0.374, respectively), whereas treadmill running V[Combining Dot Above]O2max did not (Adj R = -0.052). Additionally, multiple regression suggested that the combined significant aerobic predictors accounted for 67% of the variance in red-point climbing ability. Findings suggest that training for sport rock climbing performance should look to incorporate modalities that focus on (a) improving local forearm aerobic capacity and (b) improving whole-body aerobic capacity using sport-specific apparatus, such as treadwalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon M Fryer
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - David Giles
- Health and Social Care Research Center, College of Health and Social Care, University of Derby, Buxton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Vanesa España-Romero
- Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
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Cruz-Montecinos C, Calatayud J, Iturriaga C, Bustos C, Mena B, España-Romero V, Carpes FP. Influence of a self-regulated cognitive dual task on time to failure and complexity of submaximal isometric force control. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:2021-2027. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3936-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Henriksson P, Henriksson H, Labayen I, Huybrechts I, Gracia-Marco L, Ortega FB, España-Romero V, Manios Y, González-Gross M, Marcos A, Moreno LA, Gutiérrez Á, Ruiz JR. Correlates of ideal cardiovascular health in European adolescents: The HELENA study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:187-194. [PMID: 29241667 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ideal cardiovascular health (iCVH) construct consists of 4 health behaviors (smoking status, body mass index, physical activity and diet) and 3 health factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting glucose). A greater number of iCVH components in adolescence are related to better cardiovascular health, but little is known about the correlates of iCVH in adolescents. Thus, the aim of the study was to examine correlates of iCVH in European adolescents. METHODS AND RESULTS The study comprised 637 European adolescents with complete iCVH data. Participants were part of the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study, a cross-sectional, multicenter study conducted in 9 different European countries. Correlates investigated were sex and age, family affluence scale, maternal education, geographic location, sleep time, television viewing, duration of pregnancy, birth weight and breastfeeding. Younger adolescents, those whose mothers had medium/high education or those who watched television less than 2 h per day had a greater number of iCVH components compared to those who were older, had a mother with low education or watched television 2 h or more daily (P ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSION Since in our study older adolescents had worse iCVH than younger adolescents, early promotion of cardiovascular health may be important. Future studies may also investigate the usefulness of limiting television viewing to promote iCVH. Finally, since adolescents of mothers with low education had poorer iCVH, it may be of special interest to tailor public health promotion to adolescents from families with low socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Henriksson
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - H Henriksson
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
| | - I Labayen
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - I Huybrechts
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - L Gracia-Marco
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - F B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - V España-Romero
- Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Spain
| | - Y Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - M González-Gross
- ImFine Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - A Marcos
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Instituto del Frio, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - L A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain
| | - Á Gutiérrez
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Henriksson P, Henriksson H, Gracia-Marco L, Labayen I, Ortega FB, Huybrechts I, España-Romero V, Manios Y, Widhalm K, Dallongeville J, González-Gross M, Marcos A, Moreno LA, Castillo MJ, Ruiz JR. Prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health in European adolescents: The HELENA study. Int J Cardiol 2017; 240:428-432. [PMID: 28606683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ideal cardiovascular health (iCVH) construct consists of 4 health behaviours and 3 health factors and is strongly related to later cardiovascular disease. However, the prevalence of iCVH in European adolescents is currently unknown. METHODS The Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study is a cross-sectional, multicentre study conducted in 9 European countries during 2006-2007 and included 3528 adolescents (1683 boys and 1845 girls) between 12.5 and 17.5years of age. Status (ideal vs. non-ideal) for the health behaviours (smoking status, body mass index, physical activity and diet) and health factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting glucose) were determined. RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of ideal health behaviours was low; non-smoking (60.9% ideal), body mass index (76.8%), physical activity (62.1%), and diet (1.7%). The prevalence of ideal health factors was; total cholesterol (65.8%), blood pressure (62.0%) and plasma glucose (88.8%). CONCLUSIONS The low prevalence of iCVH behaviours, especially diet and physical activity, identified in European adolescents is likely to influence later cardiovascular health which strongly motivates efforts to increase ideal health behaviours in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Henriksson
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Hanna Henriksson
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Idoia Labayen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Vanesa España-Romero
- Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Spain
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Austria
| | - Jean Dallongeville
- INSERM, U744, Univ Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France; Univ Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; UDSL, Lille, France
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFine Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERObn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Instituto del Frio, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Spain
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Fryer S, Stone KJ, Sveen J, Dickson T, España-Romero V, Giles D, Baláš J, Stoner L, Draper N. Differences in forearm strength, endurance, and hemodynamic kinetics between male boulderers and lead rock climbers. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 17:1177-1183. [PMID: 28753391 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1353135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined differences in the oxygenation kinetics and strength and endurance characteristics of boulderers and lead sport climbers. Using near infrared spectroscopy, 13-boulderers, 10-lead climbers, and 10-controls completed assessments of oxidative capacity index and muscle oxygen consumption (m⩒O2) in the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), and extensor digitorum communis (EDC). Additionally, forearm strength (maximal volitional contraction MVC), endurance (force-time integral FTI at 40% MVC), and forearm volume (FAV and ΔFAV) was assessed. MVC was significantly greater in boulderers compared to lead climbers (mean difference = 9.6, 95% CI 5.2-14 kg). FDP and EDC oxidative capacity indexes were significantly greater (p = .041 and .013, respectively) in lead climbers and boulderers compared to controls (mean difference = -1.166, 95% CI (-3.264 to 0.931 s) and mean difference = -1.120, 95% CI (-3.316 to 1.075 s), respectively) with no differences between climbing disciplines. Climbers had a significantly greater FTI compared to controls (mean difference = 2205, 95% CI= 1114-3296 and mean difference = 1716, 95% CI = 553-2880, respectively) but not between disciplines. There were no significant group differences in ΔFAV or m⩒O2. The greater MVC in boulderers may be due to neural adaptation and not hypertrophy. A greater oxidative capacity index in both climbing groups suggests that irrespective of climbing discipline, trainers, coaches, and practitioners should consider forearm specific aerobic training to aid performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fryer
- a School of Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences , University of Gloucestershire , Gloucester , UK
| | - K J Stone
- a School of Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences , University of Gloucestershire , Gloucester , UK
| | - J Sveen
- b School of Life, Sport and Social Sciences , Edinburgh Napier University , Edinburgh , UK
| | - T Dickson
- a School of Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Applied Sciences , University of Gloucestershire , Gloucester , UK
| | - V España-Romero
- c Department of Physical Education , School of Education , University of Cadiz, Cadiz , Spain
| | - D Giles
- d Department of Life Sciences, College of Life and Natural Sciences , University of Derby , Buxton , UK
| | - J Baláš
- e Faculty of Physical Education and Sport , Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - L Stoner
- f Department of Sport and Exercise , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - N Draper
- g School of Health Sciences, College of Education, Health and Human Development , University of Canterbury , Christchurch , New Zealand
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Jiménez-Pavón D, Artero EG, Lee DC, España-Romero V, Sui X, Pate RR, Church TS, Moreno LA, Lavie CJ, Blair SN. Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in Men and Women in the United States: A Prospective Evaluation From the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Mayo Clin Proc 2016; 91:849-57. [PMID: 27378037 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the relation between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in a large US adult population and to study the effects of hypertension, obesity, and health status on the relation of CRF with SCD. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 55,456 individuals (mean age, 44.2 years; 13,507 women) from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, a prospective observational investigation (from January 2, 1974, through December 31, 2002), were included. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by a maximal treadmill test, and baseline assessment included an extensive set of measurements. RESULTS There were 109 SCDs. An inverse risk of SCD was found across incremental CRF levels after adjusting for potential confounders. Participants with moderate and high CRF levels had 44% (hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.35-0.90) and 48% (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.30-0.92) significantly lower risk of SCD, respectively, than did those with low CRF levels (P<.001). The risk of SCD decreased by 14% (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77-0.96) per 1-metabolic equivalent increase in the fully adjusted model. Hypertensive, overweight, or unhealthy individuals with moderate to high CRF levels had lower risks of SCD (ranging from 58% to 72% of lower risk) than did those with the same medical conditions and low CRF levels. CONCLUSION The risk of SCD in US men and women could be partially reduced by ensuring moderate to high levels of CRF independently of other risk factors and especially in those who are hypertensive, overweight, or unhealthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jiménez-Pavón
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia; GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Enrique G Artero
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia; Department of Education, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Duck-Chul Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames
| | - Vanesa España-Romero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Timothy S Church
- Preventive Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland's School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia
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Fryer S, Stoner L, Stone K, Giles D, Sveen J, Garrido I, España-Romero V. Forearm muscle oxidative capacity index predicts sport rock-climbing performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:1479-84. [PMID: 27255506 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Rock-climbing performance is largely dependent on the endurance of the forearm flexors. Recently, it was reported that forearm flexor endurance in elite climbers is independent of the ability to regulate conduit artery (brachial) blood flow, suggesting that endurance is not primarily dependent on the ability of the brachial artery to deliver oxygen, but rather the ability of the muscle to perfuse and use oxygen, i.e., skeletal muscle oxidative capacity. PURPOSE The aim of the study was to determine whether an index of oxidative capacity in the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) predicts the best sport climbing red-point grade within the last 6 months. Participants consisted of 46 sport climbers with a range of abilities. METHODS Using near-infrared spectroscopy, the oxidative capacity index of the FDP was assessed by calculating the half-time for tissue oxygen resaturation (O2HTR) following 3-5 min of ischemia. RESULTS Linear regression, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and training experience, revealed a 1-s decrease in O2HTR was associated with an increase in red-point grade by 0.65 (95 % CI 0.35-0.94, Adj R (2) = 0.53). CONCLUSIONS Considering a grade of 0.4 separated the top four competitors in the 2015 International Federation Sport Climbing World Cup, this finding suggests that forearm flexor oxidative capacity index is an important determinant of rock-climbing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Fryer
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Oxstalls Campus, Gloucester, GL2 9HW, UK.
| | - Lee Stoner
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - K Stone
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Oxstalls Campus, Gloucester, GL2 9HW, UK
| | - D Giles
- School of Sport Performance and Outdoor Leadership, University of Derby, Buxton Campus, 1 Devonshire Road, Buxton, UK
| | - Joakim Sveen
- School of Sport and Exercise, Edinburgh Napier University, Craiglockhart Campus, Edinburgh, EH14 1DJ, UK
| | - Inma Garrido
- Department of Physical Education, School of Education, Avda. República Saharaui sn, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Vanesa España-Romero
- Department of Physical Education, School of Education, Avda. República Saharaui sn, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Cadenas-Sanchez C, Sanchez-Delgado G, Martinez-Tellez B, Mora-Gonzalez J, Löf M, España-Romero V, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB. Reliability and Validity of Different Models of TKK Hand Dynamometers. Am J Occup Ther 2016; 70:7004300010. [DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2016.019117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We examined the reliability and validity of the analog and digital models of TKK handgrip dynamometers using calibrated known weights.
METHOD. A total of 6 dynamometers (3 digital and 3 analog; 2 new and 1 old for each model) were used in this study.
RESULTS. Intrainstrument reliability was very high; systematic error for test–retest reliability was ≤|0.3 kg|. The systematic error among different instruments (same model) and between different models (digital vs. analog) ranged between |0.4 kg| and |0.6 kg|. The systematic error between new and old dynamometers ranged from |0.8 kg| to |1 kg|. All dynamometers provided lower values for the same known weights than a SECA scale, with a systematic error ranging from −0.94 to −2.64 kg.
CONCLUSION. This study indicates that clinicians and investigators who provide treatment to address handgrip strength should use the same instrument and model for repeated measures. Distinguishing meaningful change from dynamometer variability is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, MSc; Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado, MSc; Borja Martinez-Tellez, MSc; and José Mora-Gonzalez, MSc, are PhD Students, PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; address correspondence to
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, MSc; Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado, MSc; Borja Martinez-Tellez, MSc; and José Mora-Gonzalez, MSc, are PhD Students, PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; address correspondence to
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, MSc; Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado, MSc; Borja Martinez-Tellez, MSc; and José Mora-Gonzalez, MSc, are PhD Students, PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; address correspondence to
| | - José Mora-Gonzalez
- Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, MSc; Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado, MSc; Borja Martinez-Tellez, MSc; and José Mora-Gonzalez, MSc, are PhD Students, PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; address correspondence to
| | - Marie Löf
- Marie Löf, PhD, is Senior Researcher, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vanesa España-Romero
- Vanesa España-Romero, PhD, is Lecturer, Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- Jonatan R. Ruiz, PhD, and Francisco B. Ortega, PhD, are Senior Researchers, PROFITH Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain, and Senior Researchers, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- Jonatan R. Ruiz, PhD, and Francisco B. Ortega, PhD, are Senior Researchers, PROFITH Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain, and Senior Researchers, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Secchi JD, García GC, España-Romero V, Castro-Piñero J. Physical fitness and future cardiovascular risk in argentine children and adolescents: an introduction to the ALPHA test battery. ARCH ARGENT PEDIATR 2016. [PMID: 24584787 DOI: 10.5546/aap.2014.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A high level of physical fitness is associated with cardiovascular health in children and adolescents. At present, there is no systematic implementation of a test battery to assess physical fitness at schools in Argentina. The main objective of this study was to implement the ALPHA test battery to determine the physical fitness of a sample made up of Argentine children and adolescents and to establish the proportion of subjects whose aerobic capacity is indicative of future cardiovascular risk. POPULATION AND METHODS A sample of 1867 participants (967 girls) aged 6 to 19.5 years old assessed using the ALPHA test battery. Four components of physical fitness were measured: 1) morphological component: height, body weight, and waist circumference; 2) musculoskeletal component: standing long jump test; 3) motor component: speed/agility test (4x10 m shuttle run); 4) cardiorespiratory component: course-navette 20 m, shuttle run test and estimation of maximal oxygen consumption. The 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles were estimated for the main tests. RESULTS The mean body mass index was 20.8 kg/m2, and 7.8% of participants were classified as obese. In ddition, male participants had a better performance in all physical fitness tests when compared to girls (p< 0.001). An aerobic capacity indicative of cardiovascular risk was observed in 31.6% of all participants. CONCLUSIONS Argentine male children and adolescents included in the sample showed higher levels of physical fitness. Such differences increase with age. Approximately one every three participants had an aerobic capacity indicative of future cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gastón César García
- Instituto Superior de Formación Docente Mercedes Tomasa de San Martín de Balcarce, San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Vanesa España-Romero
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Gran Bretaña
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- Departamento de Educación Física, Universidad de Cadiz, Puerto Real, España
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Vanhelst J, Béghin L, Duhamel A, Manios Y, Molnar D, De Henauw S, Moreno LA, Ortega FB, Sjöström M, Widhalm K, Gottrand F, Moreno LA, Gottrand F, De Henauw S, González-Gross M, Gilbert C, Kafatos A, Moreno LA, Libersa C, De Henauw S, Sánchez J, Gottrand F, Kersting M, Sjöstrom M, Molnár D, González-Gross M, Dallongeville J, Gilbert C, Hall G, Maes L, Scalfi L, Meléndez P, Moreno LA, Fleta J, Casajús JA, Rodríguez G, Tomás C, Mesana MI, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Villarroya A, Gil CM, Ara I, Revenga J, Lachen C, Alvira JF, Bueno G, Lázaro A, Bueno O, León JF, Garagorri JM, Bueno M, Rey López JP, Iglesia I, Velasco P, Bel S, Marcos A, Wärnberg J, Nova E, Gómez S, Díaz EL, Romeo J, Veses A, Puertollano MA, Zapatera B, Pozo T, Martínez D, Beghin L, Libersa C, Gottrand F, Iliescu C, Von Berlepsch J, Kersting M, Sichert-Hellert W, Koeppen E, Molnar D, Erhardt E, Csernus K, Török K, Bokor S, Angster M, Nagy E, Kovács O, Repásy J, Kafatos A, Codrington C, Plada M, Papadaki A, Sarri K, Viskadourou A, Hatzis C, Kiriakakis M, Tsibinos G, Vardavas C, Sbokos M, Protoyeraki E, Fasoulaki M, Stehle P, Pietrzik K, González-Gross M, Breidenassel C, Spinneker A, Al-Tahan J, Segoviano M, Berchtold A, Bierschbach C, Blatzheim E, Schuch A, Pickert P, Castillo MJ, Gutiérrez Á, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Artero EG, España-Romero V, Jiménez-Pavón D, Chillón P, Cuenca-García M, Arcella D, Azzini E, Barrison E, Bevilacqua N, Buonocore P, Catasta G, Censi L, Ciarapica D, D'Acapito P, Ferrari M, Galfo M, Le Donne C, Leclercq C, Maiani G, Mauro B, Mistura L, Pasquali A, Piccinelli R, Polito A, Spada R, Sette S, Zaccaria M, Scalfi L, Vitaglione P, Montagnese C, De Bourdeaudhuij I, De Henauw S, De Vriendt T, Maes L, Matthys C, Vereecken C, de Maeyer M, Ottevaere C, Huybrechts I, Widhalm K, Phillipp K, Dietrich S, Kubelka B, Boriss-Riedl M, Manios Y, Grammatikaki E, Bouloubasi Z, Cook TL, Eleutheriou S, Consta O, Moschonis G, Katsaroli I, Kraniou G, Papoutsou S, Keke D, Petraki I, Bellou E, Tanagra S, Kallianoti K, Argyropoulou D, Kondaki K, Tsikrika S, Karaiskos C, Dallongeville J, Meirhaeghe A, Sjöstrom M, Bergman P, Hagströmer M, Hallström L, Hallberg M, Poortvliet E, Wärnberg J, Rizzo N, Beckman L, Wennlöf AH, Patterson E, Kwak L, Cernerud L, Tillgren P, Sörensen S, Sánchez-Molero J, Picó E, Navarro M, Viadel B, Carreres JE, Merino G, Sanjuán R, Lorente M, Sánchez MJ, Castelló S, Gilbert C, Thomas S, Allchurch E, Burguess P, Hall G, Astrom A, Sverkén A, Broberg A, Masson A, Lehoux C, Brabant P, Pate P, Fontaine L, Sebok A, Kuti T, Hegyi A, Maldonado C, Llorente A, García E, von Fircks H, Hallberg ML, Messerer M, Larsson M, Fredriksson H, Adamsson V, Börjesson I, Fernández L, Smillie L, Wills J, González-Gross M, Meléndez A, Benito PJ, Calderón J, Jiménez-Pavón D, Valtueña J, Navarro P, Urzanqui A, Albers U, Pedrero R, Gómez Lorente JJ. Physical Activity Is Associated with Attention Capacity in Adolescents. J Pediatr 2016; 168:126-131.e2. [PMID: 26480921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationships among physical activity, measured objectively, and attention capacity in European adolescents. STUDY DESIGN The study included 273 adolescents, aged 12.5-17.5 years, who participated in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Study. Participants wore a uniaxial accelerometer for 7 days to measure physical activity. The d2 Test of Attention was administered to assess attention capacity. Multivariate analyses were used to study the association of attention capacity with each measure of physical activity. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine thresholds that best discriminate between low and good attention capacity. RESULTS After controlling for potential confounding variables (age, sex, body mass index, parental educational level, fat mass, aerobic fitness, and center), adolescents' attention capacity test performances were significantly and positively associated with longer time spent in moderate or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in free-living conditions (P < .05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses revealed that the physical activity thresholds that best discriminated between low/good attention capacities were ≥41 min·day(-1) for moderate, ≥12 min·day(-1) for vigorous, and ≥58 min·day(-1) for MVPA. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that promoting MVPA may be have a beneficial effect on attention capacity, an important component of cognition, in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Vanhelst
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, LIRIC, UMR995, F-59000, Lille, France; CHU Lille, INSERM, CIC-PT-1403, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Laurent Béghin
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, LIRIC, UMR995, F-59000, Lille, France; CHU Lille, INSERM, CIC-PT-1403, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Alain Duhamel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Denes Molnar
- Department of Pediatrics, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Sefaan De Henauw
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition, and Development Research Group, Escuela Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michael Sjöström
- Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Private Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, LIRIC, UMR995, F-59000, Lille, France
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Bruneau-Chávez J, España-Romero V, Lang-Tapia M, Chillón Garzón P. Diferencias en la Composición Corporal y Somatotipo de Escolares de Etnia Mapuche y no Mapuche de la Comuna de Temuco - Chile. INT J MORPHOL 2015. [DOI: 10.4067/s0717-95022015000300029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Artero EG, España-Romero V, Jiménez-Pavón D, Martinez-Gómez D, Warnberg J, Gómez-Martínez S, González-Gross M, Vanhelst J, Kafatos A, Molnar D, De Henauw S, Moreno LA, Marcos A, Castillo MJ. Muscular fitness, fatness and inflammatory biomarkers in adolescents. Pediatr Obes 2014; 9:391-400. [PMID: 23828843 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscular fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and fatness are mutually related with chronic inflammation. PURPOSE To examine the independent association of muscular fitness with inflammatory biomarkers in adolescents from nine European countries. METHODS A total of 639 adolescents (296 boys) aged from 12.5 to 17.5 year were included in this report. Data collection took place in 2006-2007 and analyses in 2012. A muscular fitness score was computed from handgrip strength and standing long jump. CRF was measured using the 20 m shuttle run test. Z-scores of C-reactive protein, complement factors C3 and C4, leptin and white blood cell counts were summed to create a cluster of inflammatory biomarkers. Sex, age, pubertal stage and centre were used as main confounders. Additional models were further adjusted for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and sum of four skinfolds. RESULTS Muscular fitness was negatively associated with single and clustered inflammatory biomarkers (standardized β from -0.399 to -0.100, all P-values < 0.05). Additional adjustments for CRF and HOMA-IR weakened the associations, but they still remained significant. The association was no longer significant when adjusting for skinfolds. Decreasing values of inflammatory score were observed across incremental levels of muscular fitness in both non-overweight and overweight adolescents (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with higher levels of muscular fitness present a lower chronic inflammation, and this seems to be explained by lower levels of fatness. Yet, overweight and obese adolescents may exhibit a less adverse profile if they maintain appropriate levels of muscular fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Artero
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Area of Physical Education and Sport, School of Education, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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Moliner-Urdiales D, Artero EG, Sui X, España-Romero V, Lee D, Blair SN. Body adiposity index and incident hypertension: the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:969-975. [PMID: 24974319 PMCID: PMC4130745 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The body adiposity index (BAI) has been recently proposed as a new method to estimate the percentage of body fat. The association between BAI and hypertension risk has not been investigated yet. The aim of our study was to evaluate the ability of BAI to predict hypertension in males and females compared with traditional body adiposity measures. METHODS AND RESULTS The present follow-up analysis comprised 10,309 individuals (2259 females) free of hypertension from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, who completed a baseline examination between 1988 and 2003. Body adiposity measures included BAI, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, percentage of body fat and waist to hip ratio (WHR). Incident hypertension was ascertained from responses to mail-back surveys between 1990 and 2004. During an average of 9.1 years of follow-up, 872 subjects (107 females) became hypertensive. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) showed that males in the highest categories of all body adiposity measures showed a higher incident risk of hypertension (HRs ranged from 1.37 to 2.09). Females showed a higher incident risk of hypertension only in the highest categories of BAI, BMI and WHR (HRs ranged from 1.84 to 3.36). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that in order to predict incident hypertension BAI could be considered as an alternative to traditional body adiposity measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E G Artero
- Area of Physical Education and Sport, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - X Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - V España-Romero
- Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Dc Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - S N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Labayen I, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Rodriguez G, Jiménez-Pavón D, España-Romero V, Widhalm K, Gottrand F, Moreno LA. Breastfeeding attenuates the effect of low birthweight on abdominal adiposity in adolescents: the HELENA study. Matern Child Nutr 2014; 11:1036-40. [PMID: 24720543 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether breastfeeding may reduce the programming effect of birthweight on abdominal adiposity. Abdominal (in three regions: R1, R2 and R3) adiposity was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in 314 adolescents. Breastfeeding duration, birthweight, duration of gestation and maternal educational level were obtained from questionnaire. Physical activity was objectively measured. We detected significant interactions between breastfeeding and birthweight on abdominal adiposity (Ps = 0.02-0.07). We observed that birthweight was associated with abdominal adiposity in the group who had never been breastfed (β = -0.19 to -0.23; Ps < 0.05), while no association was found in adolescents who had breastfeeding for ≥3 months (β = -0.03 to -0.07). The results were independent of duration of gestation, age, sex, maternal educational level and physical activity. Breastfeeding may reduce the adverse influence conferred by low birthweight on abdominal adiposity in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Labayen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Gerardo Rodriguez
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, HCU Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- Department of Physiotherapy and Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | | | - Kurt Widhalm
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- EA 2694, Nutrition Department, University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Department of Physiotherapy and Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Secchi JD, García GC, España-Romero V, Castro-Piñero J. Physical fitness and future cardiovascular risk in argentine children and adolescents: an introduction to the ALPHA test battery. ARCH ARGENT PEDIATR 2014; 112:132-40. [PMID: 24584787 DOI: 10.5546/aap.2014.eng.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A high level of physical fitness is associated with cardiovascular health in children and adolescents. At present, there is no systematic implementation of a test battery to assess physical fitness at schools in Argentina. The main objective of this study was to implement the ALPHA test battery to determine the physical fitness of a sample made up of Argentine children and adolescents and to establish the proportion of subjects whose aerobic capacity is indicative of future cardiovascular risk. POPULATION AND METHODS A sample of 1867 participants (967 girls) aged 6 to 19.5 years old assessed using the ALPHA test battery. Four components of physical fitness were measured: 1) morphological component: height, body weight, and waist circumference; 2) musculoskeletal component: standing long jump test; 3) motor component: speed/agility test (4x10 m shuttle run); 4) cardiorespiratory component: course-navette 20 m, shuttle run test and estimation of maximal oxygen consumption. The 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles were estimated for the main tests. RESULTS The mean body mass index was 20.8 kg/m2, and 7.8% of participants were classified as obese. In ddition, male participants had a better performance in all physical fitness tests when compared to girls (p< 0.001). An aerobic capacity indicative of cardiovascular risk was observed in 31.6% of all participants. CONCLUSIONS Argentine male children and adolescents included in the sample showed higher levels of physical fitness. Such differences increase with age. Approximately one every three participants had an aerobic capacity indicative of future cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gastón César García
- Instituto Superior de Formación Docente Mercedes Tomasa de San Martín de Balcarce, San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Vanesa España-Romero
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Gran Bretaña
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- Departamento de Educación Física, Universidad de Cadiz, Puerto Real, España
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España-Romero V, Golubic R, Martin KR, Hardy R, Ekelund U, Kuh D, Wareham NJ, Cooper R, Brage S. Comparison of the EPIC Physical Activity Questionnaire with combined heart rate and movement sensing in a nationally representative sample of older British adults. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87085. [PMID: 24516543 PMCID: PMC3916297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare physical activity (PA) subcomponents from EPIC Physical Activity Questionnaire (EPAQ2) and combined heart rate and movement sensing in older adults. Methods Participants aged 60–64y from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development in Great Britain completed EPAQ2, which assesses self-report PA in 4 domains (leisure time, occupation, transportation and domestic life) during the past year and wore a combined sensor for 5 consecutive days. Estimates of PA energy expenditure (PAEE), sedentary behaviour, light (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) were obtained from EPAQ2 and combined sensing and compared. Complete data were available in 1689 participants (52% women). Results EPAQ2 estimates of PAEE and MVPA were higher than objective estimates and sedentary time and LPA estimates were lower [bias (95% limits of agreement) in men and women were 32.3 (−61.5 to 122.6) and 29.0 (−39.2 to 94.6) kJ/kg/day for PAEE; −4.6 (−10.6 to 1.3) and −6.0 (−10.9 to −1.0) h/day for sedentary time; −171.8 (−454.5 to 110.8) and −60.4 (−367.5 to 246.6) min/day for LPA; 91.1 (−159.5 to 341.8) and 55.4 (−117.2 to 228.0) min/day for MVPA]. There were significant positive correlations between all self-reported and objectively assessed PA subcomponents (rho = 0.12 to 0.36); the strongest were observed for MVPA (rho = 0.30 men; rho = 0.36 women) and PAEE (rho = 0.26 men; rho = 0.25 women). Conclusion EPAQ2 produces higher estimates of PAEE and MVPA and lower estimates of sedentary and LPA than objective assessment. However, both methodologies rank individuals similarly, suggesting that EPAQ2 may be used in etiological studies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa España-Romero
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Rajna Golubic
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn R. Martin
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Epidemiology Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Norges Idrettshøgskole, Oslo, Norway
| | - Diana Kuh
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Cooper
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Soren Brage
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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España-Romero V, Artero EG, Lee DC, Sui X, Baruth M, Ruiz JR, Pate RR, Blair SN. A Prospective Study of Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Depressive Symptoms. Psychosomatics 2013; 54:525-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Moliner-Urdiales D, Artero EG, Lee DC, España-Romero V, Sui X, Blair SN. Body adiposity index and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in men. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:1870-6. [PMID: 23512375 PMCID: PMC3695010 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of body adiposity index (BAI) with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk. DESIGN AND METHODS The current analysis comprised 19,756 adult men who enrolled in the Aerobics Centre Longitudinal Study and completed a baseline examination during 1988-2002. All-cause and CVD mortality was registered till December 31, 2003. RESULTS During an average follow-up of 8.3 years (163,844 man-years), 353 deaths occurred (101 CVD deaths). Age- and examination year-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for all-cause mortality risk were higher for men with high values of BMI (HR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.19-2.23), waist circumference (1.55, 1.22-1.96), and percentage of body fat (%BF) (1.36, 1.04-1.31), but not for men with high values of BAI (1.28, 0.98-1.66). The HRs for CVD mortality risks were higher for men with high values in all adiposity measures (HRs ranged from 1.73 to 2.06). Most of these associations, however, became nonsignificant after adjusting for multiple confounders including cardiorespiratory fitness. CONCLUSION BAI is not a better predictor of all-cause and CVD mortality risk than BMI, waist circumference, or %BF.
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Mitchell JA, Pate RR, España-Romero V, O'Neill JR, Dowda M, Nader PR. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is associated with decreases in body mass index from ages 9 to 15 years. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:E280-93. [PMID: 23592682 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to determine whether time spent in objectively measured physical activity is associated with change in body mass index (BMI) from ages 9 to 15. DESIGN AND METHODS The participants were enrolled in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (n = 938). At ages 9, 11, 12, and 15 the time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was objectively measured, and BMI was calculated (kg/m(2) ). Longitudinal quantile regression was used to analyze the data. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th BMI percentiles were modeled as the dependent variables with age and MVPA (h/day) modeled as predictors. Adjustment was also made for gender, race, sleep, healthy eating score, maternal education, and sedentary behavior. RESULTS A negative association between MVPA and change in BMI was observed at the 90th BMI percentile (-3.57, 95% CI -5.15 to -1.99 kg/m(2) per hour of MVPA). The negative association between time spent in MVPA and change in BMI was progressively weaker toward the 10th BMI percentile (-0.27, 95% CI -0.62 to 0.07 kg/m(2) per hour of MVPA). The associations remained similar after adjusting for the covariates, and when the analyses were stratified by gender. CONCLUSION Time spent in MVPA was negatively associated with change in BMI from age 9 to 15. The association was strongest at the upper tail of the BMI distribution, and increasing time spent in MVPA could help reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Mitchell
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Artero EG, España-Romero V, Lee DC, Sui X, Church TS, Lavie CJ, Blair SN. Ideal cardiovascular health and mortality: Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Mayo Clin Proc 2012; 87:944-52. [PMID: 23036670 PMCID: PMC3538395 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship of ideal cardiovascular health to disease-specific death. PATIENTS AND METHODS We used data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study from October 9, 1987, to March 3, 1999, to estimate the prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health in 11,993 individuals (24.3% women) and to examine its relationship with deaths from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 11.6 years, 305 deaths occurred: 70 (23.0%) from CVD and 127 (41.6%) from cancer. In the entire cohort, only 29 individuals (0.2%) had 7 ideal metrics. After adjusting for age, sex, examination year, alcohol intake, and parental history of CVD, risk of death due to CVD was 55% lower in those participants who met 3 or 4 ideal metrics (hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.77) and 63% lower in those with 5 to 7 ideal metrics (hazard ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.95), compared with those who met 0 to 2 ideal metrics. Although not significant, there was also a trend toward lower risk of death due to all causes across incremental numbers of ideal metrics. No association was observed for deaths due to cancer. CONCLUSION The prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health was extremely low in a middle-aged cohort of men and women recruited between 1987 and 1999. The American Heart Association construct reflects well the subsequent risk of CVD, as reflected by graded CVD mortality in relation to the number of ideal metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique G Artero
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Artero EG, España-Romero V, Castro-Piñero J, Ruiz J, Jiménez-Pavón D, Aparicio V, Gatto-Cardia M, Baena P, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Castillo MJ, Ortega FB. Criterion-related validity of field-based muscular fitness tests in youth. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2012; 52:263-272. [PMID: 22648464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of the present study was to analyze the association between isokinetic strength and field-based muscular fitness tests in youth. METHODS One hundred twenty-six adolescents (14.4±1.7 y) participated in the study. Upper and lower body isokinetic strength were measured at preset angular velocities of 90 º/s and 60 º/s, respectively. Muscular fitness was also assessed by means of field-based tests: handgrip strength, bent and extended arm hang tests, standing long jump, squat jump, countermovement jump and Abalakov jump. Height, weight and skinfold thickness were used to estimate body composition. RESULTS All field-based tests were significantly associated with isokinetic peak torque and power (P<0.001 in all cases). Handgrip strength and standing long jump showed the highest associations with the isokinetic parameters (0.61≤r≤0.87; 0.39≤R2≤0.76). Weight-bearing field tests increased on average 20 % their association (R2) with isokinetic parameters when standardized by individual's body weight (test score × weight), while the average increase was 16 % when standardized by fat-free mass (test score × fat-free mass). CONCLUSION Handgrip strength and standing long jump tests seem to be the most valid field-based muscular fitness tests when compared to isokinetic strength. These tests can be useful to assess muscular fitness in young people when laboratory methods are not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Artero
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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McAuley PA, Artero EG, Sui X, Lee DC, Church TS, Lavie CJ, Myers JN, España-Romero V, Blair SN. The obesity paradox, cardiorespiratory fitness, and coronary heart disease. Mayo Clin Proc 2012; 87:443-51. [PMID: 22503065 PMCID: PMC3538467 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and different measures of adiposity with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in men with known or suspected coronary heart disease (CHD). PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed data from 9563 men (mean age, 47.4 years) with documented or suspected CHD in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (August 13, 1977, to December 30, 2002) using baseline body mass index (BMI) and CRF (quantified as the duration of a symptom-limited maximal treadmill exercise test). Waist circumference (WC) and percent body fat (BF) were measured using standard procedures. RESULTS There were 733 deaths (348 of CVD) during a mean follow-up of 13.4 years. After adjustment for age, examination year, and multiple baseline risk factors, men with low fitness had a higher risk of all-cause mortality in the BMI categories of normal weight (hazard ratio [HR], 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-2.05), obese class I (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.04-1.82), and obese class II/III (HR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.55-3.80) but not overweight (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.88-1.36) compared with the normal-weight and high-fitness reference group. We observed a similar pattern for WC and percent BF tertiles and for CVD mortality. Among men with high fitness, there were no significant differences in CVD and all-cause mortality risk across BMI, WC, and percent BF categories. CONCLUSION In men with documented or suspected CHD, CRF greatly modifies the relation of adiposity to mortality. Using adiposity to assess mortality risk in patients with CHD may be misleading unless fitness is considered.
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Key Words
- acls, aerobics center longitudinal study
- bf, body fat
- bmi, body mass index
- chd, coronary heart disease
- ci, confidence interval
- crf, cardiorespiratory fitness
- cvd, cardiovascular disease
- dm, diabetes mellitus
- hr, hazard ratio
- htn, hypertension
- wc, waist circumference
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A McAuley
- Department of Human Performance and Sport Sciences, Winston-Salem State University, NC 27110, USA.
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Artero EG, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, España-Romero V, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Molnar D, Gottrand F, González-Gross M, Breidenassel C, Moreno LA, Gutiérrez A. Muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness are independently associated with metabolic risk in adolescents: the HELENA study. Pediatr Diabetes 2011; 12:704-12. [PMID: 21470352 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2011.00769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the independent associations of muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness with clustered metabolic risk in adolescents. METHODS Participants were 709 adolescents (346 boys) from 10 European centers, aged 12.5-17.5 yr, evaluated as a part of the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescents cross-sectional study (HELENA-CSS). A muscular fitness score was computed using handgrip strength and standing long jump. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using the 20-m shuttle run test. Age- and gender-specific z-scores of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, ratio total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment) were summed to create a metabolic risk score. RESULTS Muscular fitness was negatively associated with clustered metabolic risk independent of cardiorespiratory fitness (β = -0.249, p < 0.001). Independent of muscular fitness, an inverse association was also found between cardiorespiratory fitness and clustered metabolic risk (β = 0.264, p < 0.001). The odds ratios for having a high clustered risk (above or equal 1 standard deviation) were 5.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.6-10.6] and 4.3 (95% CI = 2.0-9.3) in the least fit quartile compared with the most fit quartile for muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness, respectively. Significant differences in metabolic risk between muscular fitness levels persisted among non-overweight (p = 0.012) and overweight participants (p = 0.011). CONCLUSION Muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness are independently associated with metabolic risk in adolescents. These results support current physical activity recommendations for youth, which include muscle strengthening activities in addition to aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique G Artero
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada 18012, Spain.
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Artero EG, Lee DC, España-Romero V, Mitchell JA, Sui X, Blair SN. Ideal Cardiovascular Health Assessments and All-cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000402752.80934.3d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, España-Romero V, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Martínez-Gómez D, Manios Y, Béghin L, Molnar D, Widhalm K, Moreno LA, Sjöström M, Castillo MJ. The International Fitness Scale (IFIS): usefulness of self-reported fitness in youth. Int J Epidemiol 2011; 40:701-11. [PMID: 21441238 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyr039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined: (i) the usefulness of the International Fitness Scale (IFIS) to correctly rank adolescents into physical fitness levels; (ii) the capacity of the IFIS for predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk; and (iii) the reliability of the IFIS in adolescents. METHODS The study comprised 3059 adolescents (aged 12.5-17.5 years) from nine European countries (HELENA study). Blood samples were collected in one-third of the participants (randomly selected, n = 981). Test-retest reliability of the IFIS was studied in a separate sample of 277 adolescents. Physical fitness-cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF), speed-agility (SP-AG), flexibility and overall fitness-was self-reported using 5-point Likert-scale questions (1 = very poor, 5 = very good) and measured using standard field-based tests. The CVD risk factors measured included total/central adiposity indices and mean arterial pressure, total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin resistance (HOMA) and C-reactive protein. RESULTS Analysis of covariance showed that adolescents reporting better fitness had higher measured fitness levels for all the variables studied (all P < 0.001), regardless of gender, age and weight status. Adolescents reporting very good overall fitness, CRF and SP-AG had a healthier cardiovascular profile in eight out of nine CVD risk factors studied. Perfect agreement (same test-retest answer) was observed in 65% of the adolescents and perfect-acceptable agreement (same answer or ±1) in 97% of the adolescents. CONCLUSIONS (i) The IFIS is able to correctly rank adolescents according to their measured physical fitness levels; (ii) adolescents reporting a good/very good overall fitness, CRF or SP-AG have a more favorable cardiovascular profile; and (iii) The IFIS is reliable in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Artero EG, España-Romero V, Castro-Piñero J, Ortega FB, Suni J, Castillo-Garzon MJ, Ruiz JR. Reliability of field-based fitness tests in youth. Int J Sports Med 2010; 32:159-69. [PMID: 21165805 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1268488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review was to study the reliability of the existing field-based fitness tests intended for use with children and adolescents. The medical electronic databases MEDLINE, SCOPUS and SPORTS DISCUS were screened for papers published from January 1990 to December 2009. Each study was classified as high, low or very low quality according to the description of the participants, the time interval between measurements, the description of the results and the appropriateness of statistics. 3 levels of evidence were constructed according to the number of studies and the consistency of the findings. 32 studies were finally included in the present review. The reliability of tests assessing cardiorespiratory fitness (9 studies), musculoskeletal fitness (12 studies), motor fitness (3 studies), and body composition (10 studies) was investigated. Although some fitness components warrant further investigation, this review provides an evidence-based proposal for most reliable field-based fitness tests for use with children and adolescents: 20-m shuttle run test to measure cardiorespiratory fitness; handgrip strength and standing broad jump tests to measure musculoskeletal fitness; 4×10 m shuttle run test for motor fitness; and height, weight, BMI, skinfolds, circumferences and percentage body fat estimated from skinfold thickness to measure body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Artero
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida Madrid s/n, Granada, Spain.
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Artero EG, Ortega FB, España-Romero V, Labayen I, Huybrechts I, Papadaki A, Rodriguez G, Mauro B, Widhalm K, Kersting M, Manios Y, Molnar D, Moreno LA, Sjöström M, Gottrand F, Castillo MJ, De Henauw S. Longer breastfeeding is associated with increased lower body explosive strength during adolescence. J Nutr 2010; 140:1989-95. [PMID: 20861216 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.123596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim in this study was to examine the association between breastfeeding duration and cardiorespiratory fitness, isometric strength, and explosive strength during adolescence. A total of 2567 adolescents (1426 girls) from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) cross-sectional study aged 12.5-17.5 y were included. Information about duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding was obtained retrospectively by means of a parental questionnaire. The 20-m shuttle run, handgrip strength, and standing long jump tests were used to assess physical fitness. Significant differences among the categories of breastfeeding duration were tested using ANCOVA after adjusting for a set of potential confounders: gestational and current age, birth weight, sexual maturation, fat mass, fat-free mass, maternal education, parental weight status, country, smoking behavior, and days of vigorous physical activity. Longer breastfeeding (either any or exclusive) was associated with a higher performance in the standing long jump test in both boys and girls (P < 0.001), regardless of fat mass, fat-free mass, and the rest of potential confounders. In adolescents who were breastfed for 3-5 mo or ≥6 mo, the risk of having a standing long jump performance below the 5th percentile was reduced by half compared with those who were never breastfed [odds ratio (OR) = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.30-0.96, P < 0.05; and OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.22-0.74, P < 0.01, respectively). These findings suggest a role of breastfeeding in determining lower body explosive strength during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique G Artero
- EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada SP-18012, Spain.
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Ruiz JR, Castro-Piñero J, España-Romero V, Artero EG, Ortega FB, Cuenca MM, Jimenez-Pavón D, Chillón P, Girela-Rejón MJ, Mora J, Gutiérrez A, Suni J, Sjöström M, Castillo MJ. Field-based fitness assessment in young people: the ALPHA health-related fitness test battery for children and adolescents. Br J Sports Med 2010; 45:518-24. [PMID: 20961915 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.075341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The present study summarises the work developed by the ALPHA (Assessing Levels of Physical Activity) study and describes the procedures followed to select the tests included in the ALPHA health-related fitness test battery for children and adolescents. The authors reviewed physical fitness and health in youth findings from cross-sectional studies. The authors also performed three systematic reviews dealing with (1) the predictive validity of health-related fitness, (2) the criterion validity of field-based fitness tests and (3) the reliability of field-based fitness tests in youth. The authors also carried out 11-methodological studies to determine the criterion validity and the reliability of several field-based fitness tests for youth. Finally, the authors performed a study in the school setting to examine the reliability, feasibility and safety of the selected tests. The selected fitness tests were (1) the 20 m shuttle run test to assess cardiorespiratory fitness; (2) the handgrip strength and (3) standing broad jump to assess musculoskeletal fitness, and (4) body mass index, (5) skinfold thickness and (5) waist circumference to assess body composition. When there are time limits, the authors propose the high-priority ALPHA health-related fitness test battery, which comprises all the evidence-based fitness tests except the measurement of the skinfold thickness. The time required to administer this battery to a group of 20 youth by one physical education teacher is less than 2 h. In conclusion, the ALPHA fitness tests battery is valid, reliable, feasible and safe for the assessment of health-related physical fitness in children and adolescents to be used for health monitoring purposes at population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan R Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Martinez-Gomez D, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Casajús JA, Veiga OL, Widhalm K, Manios Y, Béghin L, González-Gross M, Kafatos A, España-Romero V, Molnar D, Moreno LA, Marcos A, Castillo MJ, Sjöström M. Recommended levels and intensities of physical activity to avoid low-cardiorespiratory fitness in European adolescents: The HELENA study. Am J Hum Biol 2010; 22:750-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.21076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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España-Romero V, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Artero EG, Martínez-Gómez D, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Moliner-Urdiales D, Gracia-Marco L, Ciarapica D, Widhalm K, Castillo Garzon M, Sjöstrom M, Moreno L. Role of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on the Association Between Physical Activity and Abdominal Fat Content in Adolescents: The HELENA Study. Int J Sports Med 2010; 31:679-82. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1261935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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España-Romero V, Watts PB. Manuscript Clarification. J Strength Cond Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181e46dff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Artero EG, Ruiz JR, España-Romero V, Ortega FB, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Moreno LA, Gutiérrez Á. Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness are Independently Associated with Metabolic Risk in Adolescents. The HELENA Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000385661.84932.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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España-Romero V, Artero EG, Jimenez-Pavón D, Cuenca-Garcia M, Ortega FB, Castro-Piñero J, Sjöstrom M, Castillo-Garzon MJ, Ruiz JR. Assessing Health-Related Fitness Tests in the School Setting: Reliability, Feasibility and Safety; The ALPHA Study. Int J Sports Med 2010; 31:490-7. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1251990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ardoy DN, Fernández-Rodríguez JM, Chillón P, Artero EG, España-Romero V, Jiménez-Pavón D, Ruiz JR, Guirado-Escámez C, Castillo MJ, Ortega FB. Educando para mejorar el estado de forma física, estudio EDUFIT: antecedentes, diseño, metodología y análisis del abandono/adhesión al estudio. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2010; 84:151-68. [DOI: 10.1590/s1135-57272010000200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
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España-Romero V, Ortega FB, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Artero EG, Rey JP, Ruiz JR. Elbow Position Affects Handgrip Strength in Adolescents: Validity and Reliability of Jamar, DynEx, and TKK Dynamometers. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24:272-7. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181b296a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Vicente-Rodríguez G, Ortega FB, Rey-López JP, España-Romero V, Blay VA, Blay G, Martín-Matillas M, Moreno LA. Extracurricular physical activity participation modifies the association between high TV watching and low bone mass. Bone 2009; 45:925-30. [PMID: 19664736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether different sedentary behaviours are associated with the risk of low bone mineral content in adolescents, and if so, whether extracurricular physical-sporting activity influences this association. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 277 adolescents from Zaragoza (168 females and 109 males) aged 13.0-18.5 yr within frame work of the multicentre AVENA study participated in this study. Bone mineral content (BMC), lean mass, and fat mass were measured with DXA. Physical activity and sedentary independent variables: participation in extracurricular physical-sporting activity (PA), h/d of television watching, playing video/computer games during school days and on weekend days and doing homework/studying. They all were assessed by questionnaire. The main outcome was low BMC, as defined by BMC Z-score for age and sex < percentile 10. Logistic regression was used to test the interaction and association of PA and sedentary variables with low BMC, after controlling for confounders like height, maturational status or lean mass. RESULTS Among the sedentary variables studied, only television watching > or =3 h/d was associated with an increased risk for low BMC in males (OR, 95% CI: 7.01, 1.73 to 28.40), after controlling for sexual maturation. When PA was in the models, television watching was not any longer associated with low BMC, while PA was so (OR, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.09 to 0.55). Involvement in such activity reduced the risk of low bone mass by 76% (P<0.01) independently of body mass, height and fat mass, but not of the lean mass. CONCLUSION Watching television for 3 or more h/d seems to be associated with an increased risk for low BMC in male adolescents. However, this association is mediated by participation in PA, suggesting that negative consequences of excessive television watching on adolescent bone health could be counteracted by sport participation. Longitudinal data and randomized controlled trials will confirm or contrast our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vicente-Rodríguez
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) research group, Zaragoza, Spain.
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45
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Ortega FB, Artero EG, Ruiz JR, España-Romero V, Jiménez-Pavón D, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Moreno LA, Manios Y, Béghin L, Ottevaere C, Ciarapica D, Sarri K, Dietrich S, Blair SN, Kersting M, Molnar D, González-Gross M, Gutiérrez A, Sjöström M, Castillo MJ. Physical fitness levels among European adolescents: the HELENA study. Br J Sports Med 2009; 45:20-9. [PMID: 19700434 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.062679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report sex- and age-specific physical fitness levels in European adolescents. METHODS A sample of 3428 adolescents (1845 girls) aged 12.5-17.49 years from 10 European cities in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece (an inland city and an island city), Hungary, Italy, Spain and Sweden was assessed in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study between 2006 and 2008. The authors assessed muscular fitness, speed/agility, flexibility and cardiorespiratory fitness using nine different fitness tests: handgrip, bent arm hang, standing long jump, Bosco jumps (squat jump, counter movement jump and Abalakov jump), 4×10-m shuttle run, back-saver sit and reach and 20-m shuttle run tests. RESULTS The authors derived sex- and age-specific normative values for physical fitness in the European adolescents using the LMS statistical method and expressed as tabulated percentiles from 10 to 100 and as smoothed centile curves (P₅, P₂₅, P₅₀, P₇₅ and P₉₅). The figures showed greater physical fitness in the boys, except for the flexibility test, and a trend towards increased physical fitness in the boys as their age increased, whereas the fitness levels in the girls were more stable across ages. CONCLUSIONS The normative values hereby provided will enable evaluation and correct interpretation of European adolescents' fitness status.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Ortega
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Spain.
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Moliner-Urdiales D, Ruiz JR, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Ortega FB, Rey-Lopez JP, España-Romero V, Casajús JA, Molnar D, Widhalm K, Dallongeville J, González-Gross M, Castillo MJ, Sjöström M, Moreno LA. Associations of muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness with total and central body fat in adolescents: the HELENA study. Br J Sports Med 2009; 45:101-8. [PMID: 19696034 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.062430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to examine the association of healthrelated physical fitness with total and central body fat in adolescents. PARTICIPANTS/METHODS the present cross-sectional study comprises 363 Spanish adolescents (186 female participants) aged 12.5-17.5 years. We assessed fitness by the 20-m shuttle run test (cardiorespiratory fitness); the handgrip strength, the standing broad jump and the Abalakov tests (muscular strength); and the 4 × 10-m shuttle run test (speed-agility). Total body fat was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), BodPod and sum of six skinfolds, and central body fat was measured by DXA at three regions (R1, R2 and R3) and waist circumference. RESULTS the Abalakov, the standing broad jump, the 4 × 10-m shuttle run and the 20-m shuttle run tests were negatively associated with all markers of total and central body fat in men and women after controlling for age, pubertal status and objectively assessed physical activity (p<0.01). Handgrip strength test was positively associated with waist circumference (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS lower body muscular strength and cardiorespiratory fitness are negatively and consistently associated with total and central body fat in adolescents, whereas levels of upper body muscular strength were superior in adolescents with higher levels of central body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Moliner-Urdiales
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition, and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
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España-Romero V, Ortega Porcel FB, Artero EG, Jiménez-Pavón D, Gutiérrez Sainz Á, Castillo Garzón MJ, Ruiz JR. Climbing time to exhaustion is a determinant of climbing performance in high-level sport climbers. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 107:517-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Artero EG, España-Romero V, Ortega FB, Jiménez-Pavón D, Ruiz JR, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Bueno M, Marcos A, Gómez-Martínez S, Urzanqui A, González-Gross M, Moreno LA, Gutiérrez A, Castillo MJ. Health-related fitness in adolescents: underweight, and not only overweight, as an influencing factor. The AVENA study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2009; 20:418-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Castro-Piñero J, Artero EG, España-Romero V, Ortega FB, Sjöström M, Suni J, Ruiz JR. Criterion-related validity of field-based fitness tests in youth: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2009; 44:934-43. [PMID: 19364756 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.058321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review was to comprehensively study the criterion-related validity of the existing field-based fitness tests used in children and adolescents. The studies were scored according to the number of subjects, description of the study population and statistical analysis. Each study was classified as high, low and very low quality. Three levels of evidence were constructed: strong evidence, when consistent findings were observed in three or more high quality studies; moderate evidence, when consistent findings were observed in two high quality studies; and limited evidence when consistency of findings and/or the number of studies did not achieve the criteria for moderate. The results of 73 studies (50 of high quality) addressing the criterion-related validity of field-based fitness tests in children and adolescents indicate the following: that there is strong evidence indicating that the 20 m shuttle run test is a valid test to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness, that the hand-grip strength test is a valid measure of musculoskeletal fitness, that skin fold thickness and body mass index are good estimates of body composition, and that waist circumference is a valid measure to estimate central body fat. Moderate evidence was found that the 1-mile run/walk test is a valid test to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness. A large number of other field-based fitness tests presented limited evidence, mainly due to a limited number of studies (one for each test). The results of the present systematic review should be interpreted with caution due to the substantial lack of consistency in reporting and designing the existing validity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Castro-Piñero
- Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
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50
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Artero EG, España-Romero V, Ortega FB, Jiménez-Pavón D, Carreño-Gálvez F, Ruiz JR, Gutiérrez Á, Castillo MJ. Use of whole-body vibration as a mode of warming up before counter movement jump. J Sports Sci Med 2007; 6:574-575. [PMID: 24137087 PMCID: PMC3794502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique G. Artero
- EFFECTS 262 Group. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada. Granada, Spain
| | - Vanesa España-Romero
- EFFECTS 262 Group. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada. Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- EFFECTS 262 Group. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada. Granada, Spain
| | - David Jiménez-Pavón
- EFFECTS 262 Group. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada. Granada, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Carreño-Gálvez
- EFFECTS 262 Group. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada. Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- EFFECTS 262 Group. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada. Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Gutiérrez
- EFFECTS 262 Group. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada. Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel J. Castillo
- EFFECTS 262 Group. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada. Granada, Spain
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