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Federico G, Ciccarelli G, Noce G, Cavaliere C, Ilardi CR, Tramontano L, Alfano V, Mele G, Di Cecca A, Salvatore M, Brandimonte MA. The fear of COVID-19 contagion: an exploratory EEG-fMRI study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5263. [PMID: 38438468 PMCID: PMC10912687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pandemics have the potential to change how people behave and feel. The COVID-19 pandemic is no exception; thus, it may serve as a "challenging context" for understanding how pandemics affect people's minds. In this study, we used high-density electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the neural correlates of fear of contagion during the most critical moments of COVID-19 in Italy (i.e., October 2020-May 2021). To do that, we stimulated participants (N = 17; nine females) with artificial-intelligence-generated faces of people presented as healthy, recovered from COVID-19, or infected by SARS-CoV-2. The fMRI results documented a modulation of large bilateral fronto-temporo-parietal functional brain networks. Critically, we found selective recruitment of cortical (e.g., frontal lobes) and subcortical fear-related structures (e.g., amygdala and putamen) of the so-called social brain network when participants observed COVID-19-related faces. Consistently, EEG results showed distinct patterns of brain activity selectively associated with infected and recovered faces (e.g., delta and gamma rhythm). Together, these results highlight how pandemic contexts may reverberate in the human brain, thus influencing most basic social and cognitive functioning. This may explain the emergence of a cluster of psychopathologies during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study underscores the need for prompt interventions to address pandemics' short- and long-term consequences on mental health.
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Ilardi CR, Sannino M, Federico G, Cirillo MA, Cavaliere C, Iavarone A, Garofalo E. The Starkstein Apathy Scale-Italian Version: An Update. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2024:8919887241227404. [PMID: 38233366 DOI: 10.1177/08919887241227404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Apathy can manifest in various neuropsychiatric conditions, as well as in individuals who experience significant stressful life events or suffer from underlying internal medical conditions. The Starkstein Apathy Scale (SAS) is recognized as a reliable screening tool, besides being endorsed by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society to assess apathy in patients with Parkinson's disease. Recently, the Italian version of this scale (SAS-I) has been introduced. Furthermore, normative data have been provided on a large sample of Italian healthy individuals. Here we present the official Italian translation of the SAS, along with clarifications regarding its administration. Also, we supply details concerning the scale's factorial structure, inter-item conditional associations and item performance by using EFA, Network analysis, and IRT modelling for polytomous items.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mara A Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Guiducci L, Cabiati M, Santocchi E, Prosperi M, Morales MA, Muratori F, Randazzo E, Federico G, Calderoni S, Del Ry S. Expression of miRNAs in Pre-Schoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorders Compared with Typically Developing Peers and Its Effects after Probiotic Supplementation. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7162. [PMID: 38002774 PMCID: PMC10672692 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12227162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alteration of the microbiota-gut-brain axis has been recently recognized as a possible contributor to the physiopathology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this context, microRNA (miRNAs) dysfunction, implicated both in several neuropathological conditions including ASD and in different gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs), could represent an important modulating factor. In this contextual framework, we studied the transcriptional profile of specific circulating miRNAs associated with both ASD (miR-197-5p, miR-424-5p, miR-500a-5p, miR-664a-5p) and GID (miR-21-5p, miR-320a-5p, miR-31-5p, miR-223-5p) in a group of pre-schoolers with ASD and in typically developing (TD) peers. In the ASD group, we also assessed the same miRNAs after a 6-month supplementation with probiotics and their correlation with plasma levels of zonulin and lactoferrin. At baseline, the expression of miRNAs involved in ASD were significantly reduced in ASD pre-schoolers vs. TD controls. Regarding the miRNAs involved in GID, the expression levels of miR-320-5p, miR-31-5p, and miR-223-5p were significantly higher in ASD than in TD subjects, whereas miR-21-5p showed significantly reduced expression in the ASD group vs. TD group. Supplementation with probiotics did not significantly change the expression of miRNAs in the ASD population. We found a significative negative correlation between zonulin and miR-197-5p and miR-21-5p at baseline, as well as between lactoferrin and miR-223-5p after 6 months of probiotic supplementation. Our study confirms the presence of an altered profile of the miRNAs investigated in ASD versus TD peers that was not modified by supplementation with probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Guiducci
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (M.A.M.); (S.D.R.)
| | - Manuela Cabiati
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (M.A.M.); (S.D.R.)
| | - Elisa Santocchi
- UFSMIA Zona Valle del Serchio, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, 55032 Castelnuovo di Garfagnana, Italy;
| | - Margherita Prosperi
- UFSMIA Valdera-Alta Val di Cecina, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Maria Aurora Morales
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (M.A.M.); (S.D.R.)
| | - Filippo Muratori
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Emioli Randazzo
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Giovanni Federico
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (E.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Del Ry
- CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (M.C.); (M.A.M.); (S.D.R.)
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Federico G, Osiurak F, Ciccarelli G, Ilardi CR, Cavaliere C, Tramontano L, Alfano V, Migliaccio M, Di Cecca A, Salvatore M, Brandimonte MA. On the functional brain networks involved in tool-related action understanding. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1163. [PMID: 37964121 PMCID: PMC10645930 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tool-use skills represent a significant cognitive leap in human evolution, playing a crucial role in the emergence of complex technologies. Yet, the neural mechanisms underlying such capabilities are still debated. Here we explore with fMRI the functional brain networks involved in tool-related action understanding. Participants viewed images depicting action-consistent (e.g., nail-hammer) and action-inconsistent (e.g., scarf-hammer) object-tool pairs, under three conditions: semantic (recognizing the tools previously seen in the pairs), mechanical (assessing the usability of the pairs), and control (looking at the pairs without explicit tasks). During the observation of the pairs, task-based left-brain functional connectivity differed within conditions. Compared to the control, both the semantic and mechanical conditions exhibited co-activations in dorsal (precuneus) and ventro-dorsal (inferior frontal gyrus) regions. However, the semantic condition recruited medial and posterior temporal areas, whereas the mechanical condition engaged inferior parietal and posterior temporal regions. Also, when distinguishing action-consistent from action-inconsistent pairs, an extensive frontotemporal neural circuit was activated. These findings support recent accounts that view tool-related action understanding as the combined product of semantic and mechanical knowledge. Furthermore, they emphasize how the left inferior parietal and anterior temporal lobes might be considered as hubs for the cross-modal integration of physical and conceptual knowledge, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - François Osiurak
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université de Lyon, Bron, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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5
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Ilardi CR, La Marra M, Amato R, Di Cecca A, Di Maio G, Ciccarelli G, Migliaccio M, Cavaliere C, Federico G. The "Little Circles Test" (LCT): a dusted-off tool for assessing fine visuomotor function. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:2807-2820. [PMID: 37910290 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fine visuomotor function is commonly impaired in several neurological conditions. However, there is a scarcity of reliable neuropsychological tools to assess such a critical domain. AIMS The aim of this study is to explore the psychometric properties and provide normative data for the Visual-Motor Speed and Precision Test (VMSPT). RESULTS Our normative sample included 220 participants (130 females) aged 18-86 years (mean education = 15.24 years, SD = 3.98). Results showed that raw VMSPT scores were affected by higher age and lower education. No effect of sex or handedness was shown. Age- and education-based norms were provided. VMSPT exhibited weak-to-strong correlations with well-known neuropsychological tests, encompassing a wide range of cognitive domains of clinical relevance. By gradually intensifying the cognitive demands, the test becomes an indirect, performance-oriented measure of executive functioning. Finally, VMSPT seems proficient in capturing the speed-accuracy trade-off typically observed in the aging population. CONCLUSIONS This study proposes the initial standardization of a versatile, time-efficient, and cost-effective neuropsychological tool for assessing fine visuomotor coordination. We propose renaming the VMSPT as the more approachable "Little Circles Test" (LCT).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco La Marra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Amato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Angelica Di Cecca
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN S.P.A., Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - Girolamo Di Maio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Miriana Migliaccio
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN S.P.A., Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Cavaliere
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN S.P.A., Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Federico
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN S.P.A., Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143, Naples, Italy
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Cabiati M, Guiducci L, Randazzo E, Casieri V, Federico G, Del Ry S. Circulating and Exosomal microRNA-33 in Childhood Obesity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2295. [PMID: 37626791 PMCID: PMC10452681 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA-33 may control a wide range of different metabolic functions. METHODS This study aims to assess the miR-33a circulating profile in normal-weight (N = 20) and obese (O = 30) adolescents and to correlate its expression levels to their metabolic parameters. In a subset of subjects, we compared circulating miR-33a with exosomal miR-33a. RESULTS Metabolic parameters were altered in O, with initial hyperinsulinemia. Circulating miR-33a was significantly higher in O than in N (p = 0.0002). Significant correlations between miR-33a and auxological and metabolic indices (Insulin p = 0.01; Cholesterol p = 0.01; LDL p = 0.01; HbA1c p = 0.01) were found. Splitting our population (O + N) into two groups, according to the median value of mRNA expression miR-33a levels (0.701), irrespective of the presence or absence of obesity, we observed that those having a higher expression of miR-33a were more frequently obese (87.5% vs. 12.5%; p < 0.0001) and had significantly increased values of auxological and metabolic parameters. Exosomes extracted from plasma of N and O carried miR-33a, and its expression was lower in O (p = 0.026). No correlations with metabolic parameters were observed. CONCLUSION While exosome miR-33a does not provide any advantage, circulating miR-33a can provide important indications in an initial phase of metabolic dysfunction, stratifying obese adolescents at higher cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cabiati
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Letizia Guiducci
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Emioli Randazzo
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Valentina Casieri
- Unit of Translational Critical Care Medicine, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Federico
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.R.); (G.F.)
| | - Silvia Del Ry
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.C.); (L.G.)
- Unit of Translational Critical Care Medicine, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
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Federico G. Eating Russula mushrooms is a matter of semantic knowledge. Comment on "The elicitation of affordance depends on conceptual attributes: evidence from a virtual reality study" by Lai et al. (2023). Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:1459-1461. [PMID: 37165079 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
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Osiurak F, Federico G, Claidière N. Technical reasoning: neither cognitive instinct nor cognitive gadget. Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:339-340. [PMID: 36709097 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- François Osiurak
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, 5 avenue Pierre Mendès France, 69676 Bron Cedex, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 5, France.
| | - Giovanni Federico
- IRCCS Synlab SDN S.p.A., Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicolas Claidière
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LPC, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
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Alfano V, Cavaliere C, Di Cecca A, Ciccarelli G, Salvatore M, Aiello M, Federico G. Sex differences in functional brain networks involved in interoception: An fMRI study. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1130025. [PMID: 36998736 PMCID: PMC10043182 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1130025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Interoception can be described as the ability to perceive inner body sensations and it is different between biological sex. However, no previous research correlated this ability with brain functional connectivity (FC) between males and females. In this study, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate FC of networks involved in interoception among males and females in a sample of healthy volunteers matched for age. In total, 67 participants (34 females, mean age 44.2; 33 males, mean age 37.2) underwent a functional MRI session and completed the Self-Awareness Questionnaire (SAQ) that tests the interoceptive awareness. To assess the effect of sex on scores obtained on the SAQ we performed a multivariate analysis of variance. A whole-brain seed-to-seed FC analysis was conducted to investigate the correlation between SAQ score and FC, and then to test differences in FC between males and females with SAQ score as a covariate. MANOVA revealed a significant difference in SAQ scores between males and females with higher values for the second ones. Also, significant correlations among interoception scores and FC in Salience network and fronto-temporo-parietal brain areas have been detected, with a sharp prevalence for the female. These results support the idea of a female advantage in the attention toward interoceptive sensations, suggesting common inter-network areas that concur to create the sense of self.
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Osiurak F, Claidière N, Federico G. Cultural cognition and technology: Mechanical actions speak louder than bodily actions: Comment on "Blind alleys and fruitful pathways in the comparative study of cultural cognition" by Andrew Whiten. Phys Life Rev 2023; 44:141-144. [PMID: 36640588 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Osiurak
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, 5 avenue Pierre Mendès France, 69676 Bron Cedex, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 5, France.
| | - Nicolas Claidière
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LPC, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Giovanni Federico
- IRCCS Synlab SDN S.p.A., Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143, Naples, Italy; Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Suor Orsola Benincasa University, Via Suor Orsola 10, 80135, Naples, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Ellittico 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy
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Lesourd M, Reynaud E, Navarro J, Gaujoux V, Faye-Védrines A, Alexandre B, Baumard J, Federico G, Lamberton F, Ibarrola D, Rossetti Y, Osiurak F. Involvement of the posterior tool processing network during explicit retrieval of action tool and semantic tool knowledge: an fMRI study. Cereb Cortex 2023:7017399. [PMID: 36721902 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Our ability to understand how to interact with familiar objects is supported by conceptual tool knowledge. Conceptual tool knowledge includes action tool and semantic tool knowledge which are supported by the ventro-dorsal and the ventral pathways, respectively. This apparent functional segregation has been recently called into question. In a block-design fMRI study, 35 participants were asked to complete manipulation, function, and association judgment tasks about pairs of familiar objects. Our results showed that lateral occipitotemporal cortex in the ventral pathway was more sensitive to manipulation and function judgment tasks compared with association judgment tasks. Functional connectivity analyses revealed distinct coupling patterns between inferior parietal lobule, lateral occipitotemporal cortex, and fusiform gyrus. Taken together, these data indicate that action tool and semantic tool knowledge are both supported by ventral and ventro-dorsal pathways. Moreover, the explicit retrieval of these representations is supported by the functional coupling of common and distinct brain regions of the posterior tool processing network varying according to the kind of relations to be retrieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Lesourd
- Université de Franche-Comté, Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive & MSHE Ledoux, CNRS, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - Emanuelle Reynaud
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université Lyon 2, Bron, France
| | - Jordan Navarro
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université Lyon 2, Bron, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris 75231, France
| | - Vivien Gaujoux
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université Lyon 2, Bron, France
| | | | - Boris Alexandre
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université Lyon 2, Bron, France
| | | | | | - Franck Lamberton
- CERMEP - Imagerie du vivant, MRI Department and CNRS UMS3453, Lyon, France
| | - Danielle Ibarrola
- CERMEP - Imagerie du vivant, MRI Department and CNRS UMS3453, Lyon, France
| | - Yves Rossetti
- Inserm Unité Mixte de Recherche-Santé (UMR-S) 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Trajectoires, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, France.,Mouvement et Handicap and Neuro‑Immersion, Hospices Civils de Lyon et Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, St Genis Laval, France
| | - François Osiurak
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université Lyon 2, Bron, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris 75231, France
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12
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Osiurak F, Claidière N, Federico G. Bringing cumulative technological culture beyond copying versus reasoning. Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:30-42. [PMID: 36283920 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The dominant view of cumulative technological culture suggests that high-fidelity transmission rests upon a high-fidelity copying ability, which allows individuals to reproduce the tool-use actions performed by others without needing to understand them (i.e., without causal reasoning). The opposition between copying versus reasoning is well accepted but with little supporting evidence. In this article, we investigate this distinction by examining the cognitive science literature on tool use. Evidence indicates that the ability to reproduce others' tool-use actions requires causal understanding, which questions the copying versus reasoning distinction and the cognitive reality of the so-called copying ability. We conclude that new insights might be gained by considering causal understanding as a key driver of cumulative technological culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Osiurak
- Laboratoire d'Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, 5 avenue Pierre Mendès France, 69676 Bron Cedex, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 5, France.
| | - Nicolas Claidière
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LPC, 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Giovanni Federico
- IRCCS Synlab SDN S.p.A., Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143, Naples, Italy
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13
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Ciccarelli G, Federico G, Mele G, Di Cecca A, Migliaccio M, Ilardi CR, Alfano V, Salvatore M, Cavaliere C. Simultaneous real-time EEG-fMRI neurofeedback: A systematic review. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1123014. [PMID: 37063098 PMCID: PMC10102573 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1123014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofeedback (NF) is a biofeedback technique that teaches individuals self-control of brain functions by measuring brain activations and providing an online feedback signal to modify emotional, cognitive, and behavioral functions. NF approaches typically rely on a single modality, such as electroencephalography (EEG-NF) or a brain imaging technique, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI-NF). The introduction of simultaneous EEG-fMRI tools has opened up the possibility of combining the high temporal resolution of EEG with the high spatial resolution of fMRI, thereby increasing the accuracy of NF. However, only a few studies have actively combined both techniques. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of EEG-fMRI-NF studies (N = 17) to identify the potential and effectiveness of this non-invasive treatment for neurological conditions. The systematic review revealed a lack of homogeneity among the studies, including sample sizes, acquisition methods in terms of simultaneity of the two procedures (unimodal EEG-NF and fMRI-NF), therapeutic targets field, and the number of sessions. Indeed, because most studies are based on a single session of NF, it is difficult to draw any conclusions regarding the therapeutic efficacy of NF. Therefore, further research is needed to fully understand non-clinical and clinical potential of EEG-fMRI-NF.
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Cabiati M, Randazzo E, Guiducci L, Falleni A, Cecchettini A, Casieri V, Federico G, Del Ry S. Evaluation of Exosomal Coding and Non-Coding RNA Signature in Obese Adolescents. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010139. [PMID: 36613584 PMCID: PMC9820564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity through their action as communication mediators. As we have previously demonstrated, in obese adolescents, some circulating miRNAs modified the C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) expression and were associated with changes in metabolic functions. At present no data are available on miRNA transport by exosomes in this condition. To verify and compare the presence and the expression of CNP/NPR-B/NPR-C, and some miRNAs (miR-33a-3p/miR-223-5p/miR-142-5p/miRNA-4454/miRNA-181a-5p/miRNA-199-5p), in circulating exosomes obtained from the same cohort of obese (O, n = 22) and normal-weight adolescents (N, n = 22). For the first time, we observed that exosomes carried CNP and its specific receptors only randomly both in O and N, suggesting that exosomes are not important carriers for the CNP system. On the contrary, exosomal miRNAs resulted ubiquitously and differentially expressed in O and N. O showed a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in the expression of all miRNAs except for miR-4454 and miR-142-5p. We have found significant correlations among miRNAs themselves and with some inflammatory/metabolic factors of obesity. These relationships may help in finding new biomarkers, allowing us to recognize, at an early stage, obese children and adolescents at high risk to develop the disease complications in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cabiati
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Emioli Randazzo
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Letizia Guiducci
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Falleni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Cecchettini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Casieri
- Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Unit of Translational Critical Care Medicine, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Federico
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Del Ry
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Unit of Translational Critical Care Medicine, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-3152793; Fax: +39-050-3152166
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15
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Bava R, Castagna F, Carresi C, Cardamone A, Federico G, Roncada P, Palma E, Musella V, Britti D. Comparison of Two Diagnostic Techniques for the Apis mellifera Varroatosis: Strengths, Weaknesses and Impact on the Honeybee Health. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070354. [PMID: 35878371 PMCID: PMC9315579 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Varroa destructor is the most dangerous pest that poses a threat to honey bee survival. In recent years, increasingly worrying phenomena of drug resistance have occurred to various active ingredients of pharmaceutical formulations used to control this parasitosis. Determining the level of infestation is essential to preventing the inappropriate use and abuse of veterinary medicines, and to choose the most appropriate time for treatment. This comparative study investigates the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of two field techniques for diagnosing V. destructor infestations in hives. The EasyCheck device (Véto-pharma) was used in two of its application modes, namely, the sugar roll test and carbon dioxide (CO2) injection. The experiments were conducted on 15 samples of 300 bees each taken from the same frame and checked for the presence of mites using standard and modified field techniques in both uncaged and caged queen hive conditions. The results demonstrate that the sugar roll technique is significantly more effective and safer than CO2 injection, allowing for a higher accuracy in diagnosing a V. destructor infestation. Furthermore, the evaluation of mites present on bees in brood block conditions has proven to be particularly reliable. Considering the number of mites on the filter of the device as an additional step helps to implement the diagnostic accuracy of the CO2 injection technique, however, not achieving the efficacy results of the sugar roll.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bava
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (F.C.); (A.C.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.)
- Interdepartmental Center Veterinary Service for Human and Animal Health, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, CISVetSUA, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fabio Castagna
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (F.C.); (A.C.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.)
- Interdepartmental Center Veterinary Service for Human and Animal Health, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, CISVetSUA, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (F.C.); (A.C.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.)
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (E.P.)
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (F.C.); (A.C.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Giovanni Federico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Loc. Catona, 89135 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (F.C.); (A.C.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.)
- Interdepartmental Center Veterinary Service for Human and Animal Health, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, CISVetSUA, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (F.C.); (A.C.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.)
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (E.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Musella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (F.C.); (A.C.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.)
- Interdepartmental Center Veterinary Service for Human and Animal Health, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, CISVetSUA, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (F.C.); (A.C.); (P.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.)
- Interdepartmental Center Veterinary Service for Human and Animal Health, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, CISVetSUA, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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16
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Federico G, Reynaud E, Navarro J, Lesourd M, Gaujoux V, Lamberton F, Ibarrola D, Cavaliere C, Alfano V, Aiello M, Salvatore M, Seguin P, Schnebelen D, Brandimonte MA, Rossetti Y, Osiurak F. The cortical thickness of the area PF of the left inferior parietal cortex mediates technical-reasoning skills. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11840. [PMID: 35821259 PMCID: PMC9276675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Most recent research highlights how a specific form of causal understanding, namely technical reasoning, may support the increasing complexity of tools and techniques developed by humans over generations, i.e., the cumulative technological culture (CTC). Thus, investigating the neurocognitive foundations of technical reasoning is essential to comprehend the emergence of CTC in our lineage. Whereas functional neuroimaging evidence started to highlight the critical role of the area PF of the left inferior parietal cortex (IPC) in technical reasoning, no studies explored the links between the structural characteristics of such a brain region and technical reasoning skills. Therefore, in this study, we assessed participants’ technical-reasoning performance by using two ad-hoc psycho-technical tests; then, we extracted from participants’ 3 T T1-weighted magnetic-resonance brain images the cortical thickness (i.e., a volume-related measure which is associated with cognitive performance as reflecting the size, density, and arrangement of cells in a brain region) of all the IPC regions for both hemispheres. We found that the cortical thickness of the left area PF predicts participants’ technical-reasoning performance. Crucially, we reported no correlations between technical reasoning and the other IPC regions, possibly suggesting the specificity of the left area PF in generating technical knowledge. We discuss these findings from an evolutionary perspective, by speculating about how the evolution of parietal lobes may have supported the emergence of technical reasoning in our lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Federico
- IRCCS Synlab SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco, 113, 80143, Naples, Italy.
| | - Emanuelle Reynaud
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jordan Navarro
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Lesourd
- Laboratoire de recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive (UR 481), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,MSHE Ledoux, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Vivien Gaujoux
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Franck Lamberton
- CERMEP-Imagerie du vivant, MRI Department and CNRS UMS3453, Lyon, France
| | - Danièle Ibarrola
- CERMEP-Imagerie du vivant, MRI Department and CNRS UMS3453, Lyon, France
| | - Carlo Cavaliere
- IRCCS Synlab SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco, 113, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Alfano
- IRCCS Synlab SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco, 113, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Aiello
- IRCCS Synlab SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco, 113, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Salvatore
- IRCCS Synlab SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco, 113, 80143, Naples, Italy
| | - Perrine Seguin
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Computation, Cognition and Neurophysiology Team (Inserm UMR_S 1028-CNRS-UMR 5292-Université de Lyon), Bron, France
| | - Damien Schnebelen
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Yves Rossetti
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Trajectoires Team (Inserm UMR_S 1028-CNRS-UMR 5292-Université de Lyon), Bron, France.,Mouvement et Handicap and Neuro-Immersion, Hospices Civils de Lyon et Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Hôpital Henry Gabrielle, St Genis Laval, France
| | - François Osiurak
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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17
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Alfano V, Federico G, Mele G, Garramone F, Esposito M, Aiello M, Salvatore M, Cavaliere C. Brain Networks Involved in Depression in Patients with Frontotemporal Dementia and Parkinson’s Disease: An Exploratory Resting-State Functional Connectivity MRI Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040959. [PMID: 35454007 PMCID: PMC9029925 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is characterized by feelings of sadness, loss, or anger that may interfere with everyday activities. Such a neuropsychiatric condition is commonly reported in multiple neurodegenerative disorders, which are quite different from each other. This study aimed at investigating the brain networks involved in depression in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) as compared to healthy controls (HC). Fifty participants were included in the study: 17 depressed FTD/PD patients; 17 non-depressed FTD/PD patients; and 16 non-depressed HCs matched for age and gender. We used the Beck depression inventory (BDI-II) to measure depression in all groups. On the same day, 3T brain magnetic resonance with structural and resting-state functional sequences were acquired. Differences in resting-state functional connectivity (FC) between depressed and non-depressed patients in all the experimental groups were assessed by using seed-to-seed and network-to-network approaches. We found a significant seed-to-seed hyperconnectivity patterns between the left thalamus and the left posterior temporal fusiform cortex, which differentiated FTD/PD depressed patients from the HCs. Network-to-network analysis revealed a significant hyperconnectivity among the default-mode network (left lateral-parietal region), the medial prefrontal cortex and the left lateral prefrontal cortex (i.e., part of the central executive network). We investigated whether such FC patterns could be related to the underlying neurodegenerative disorder by replicating the analyses with two independent samples (i.e., non-depressed PD and non-depressed FTD patients) and adding clinical parameters as covariates. We found no FC differences in these groups, thus suggesting how the FC pattern we found may signal a common depression-related neural pathway implicated in both the neurocognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Alfano
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco, 113, 80143 Naples, Italy; (V.A.); (G.M.); (F.G.); (M.A.); (M.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Giovanni Federico
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco, 113, 80143 Naples, Italy; (V.A.); (G.M.); (F.G.); (M.A.); (M.S.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giulia Mele
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco, 113, 80143 Naples, Italy; (V.A.); (G.M.); (F.G.); (M.A.); (M.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Federica Garramone
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco, 113, 80143 Naples, Italy; (V.A.); (G.M.); (F.G.); (M.A.); (M.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Marcello Esposito
- Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale (AORN) Antonio Cardarelli, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Marco Aiello
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco, 113, 80143 Naples, Italy; (V.A.); (G.M.); (F.G.); (M.A.); (M.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Marco Salvatore
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco, 113, 80143 Naples, Italy; (V.A.); (G.M.); (F.G.); (M.A.); (M.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Carlo Cavaliere
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Synlab SDN, Via Emanuele Gianturco, 113, 80143 Naples, Italy; (V.A.); (G.M.); (F.G.); (M.A.); (M.S.); (C.C.)
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18
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Osiurak F, Claidière N, Bluet A, Brogniart J, Lasserre S, Bonhoure T, Di Rollo L, Gorry N, Polette Y, Saude A, Federico G, Uomini N, Reynaud E. Technical reasoning bolsters cumulative technological culture through convergent transformations. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabl7446. [PMID: 35235360 PMCID: PMC8890708 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl7446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the evolution of human technology is key to solving the mystery of our origins. Current theories propose that technology evolved through the accumulation of modifications that were mostly transmitted between individuals by blind copying and the selective retention of advantageous variations. An alternative account is that high-fidelity transmission in the context of cumulative technological culture is supported by technical reasoning, which is a reconstruction mechanism that allows individuals to converge to optimal solutions. We tested these two competing hypotheses with a microsociety experiment, in which participants had to optimize a physical system in partial- and degraded-information transmission conditions. Our results indicated an improvement of the system over generations, which was accompanied by an increased understanding of it. The solutions produced tended to progressively converge over generations. These findings show that technical reasoning can bolster high-fidelity transmission through convergent transformations, which highlights its role in the cultural evolution of technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Osiurak
- Laboratoire d’Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Alexandre Bluet
- Laboratoire d’Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Joël Brogniart
- Laboratoire d’Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Salomé Lasserre
- Laboratoire d’Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Timothé Bonhoure
- Laboratoire d’Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laura Di Rollo
- Laboratoire d’Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Néo Gorry
- Laboratoire d’Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yohann Polette
- Laboratoire d’Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alix Saude
- Laboratoire d’Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Natalie Uomini
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emanuelle Reynaud
- Laboratoire d’Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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19
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Fontanini M, Cabiati M, Giacomarra M, Federico G, Del Ry S. Long non-Coding RNAs and Obesity: New Potential Pathogenic Biomarkers. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1592-1605. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220211153304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
A portion of the human genome is characterized by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of non-coding RNA longer than 200 nucleotides. Recently, the development of new biomolecular methods, made it possible to delineate the involvement of lncRNAs in the regulation of different biological processes, both physiological and pathological, by acting within the cell with different regulatory mechanisms based on their specific target. To date, obesity is one of the most important health problems spread all over the world, including the child population: the search for new potential early biomarkers could open the doors to novel therapeutic strategies useful to fight the disease early in life and to reduce the risk of obesity-related co-morbidities.
Objective:
This review highlights the lncRNAs involved in obesity, in adipogenesis, and lipid metabolism, particularly in lipogenesis.
Conclusion:
LncRNAs involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis, being at the cross-road of obesity, should be deeply analysed in this contest, allowing to understand possible causative actions in starting obesity and whether they might be helpful to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Fontanini
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Manuela Cabiati
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Manuel Giacomarra
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Giovanni Federico
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dep. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma n. 67 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Del Ry
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa Italy
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20
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Federico G, Alfano V, Garramone F, Mele G, Salvatore M, Aiello M, Cavaliere C. Self-Reported Sleep Quality Across Age Modulates Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Limbic and Fronto-Temporo-Parietal Networks: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional fMRI Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:806374. [PMID: 35197843 PMCID: PMC8859450 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.806374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep problems are increasingly present in the general population at any age, and they are frequently concurrent with—or predictive of—memory disturbances, anxiety, and depression. In this exploratory cross-sectional study, 54 healthy participants recruited in Naples (Italy; 23 females; mean age = 37.1 years, range = 20–68) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and a neurocognitive assessment concerning both verbal and visuospatial working memory as well as subjective measures of anxiety and depression. Then, 3T fMRI images with structural and resting-state functional sequences were acquired. A whole-brain seed-to-seed functional connectivity (FC) analysis was conducted by contrasting good (PSQI score <5) vs. bad (PSQI score ≥5) sleepers. Results highlighted FC differences in limbic and fronto-temporo-parietal brain areas. Also, bad sleepers showed an anxious/depressive behavioural phenotype and performed worse than good sleepers at visuospatial working-memory tasks. These findings may help to reveal the effects of sleep quality on daily-life cognitive functioning and further elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms of sleep disorders.
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21
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Vierucci F, Fusani L, Saba A, Minucciani T, Belluomini MP, Domenici R, Bracco GL, Vaccaro A, Federico G. Gestational vitamin D 3 supplementation and sun exposure significantly influence cord blood vitamin D status and 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 levels in term newborns. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 524:59-68. [PMID: 34838794 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS High prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is worldwide reported among pregnant women and newborns. We assessed cord blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] and 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (C3-epimer) levels in relation to assumed maternal risk factors for hypovitaminosis D. METHODS We enrolled 246 term newborns during summer. 175/246 mothers were supplemented with a daily variable dosage (200-1,000 IU) of vitamin D3 during pregnancy. Cord blood 25(OH)D3 and C3-epimer concentrations were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Median cord blood 25(OH)D3 levels were 23.4 ng/mL (16.9-28.8). The prevalences of vitamin D sufficiency (≥ 30.0 ng/mL), insufficiency (20.0-29.9 ng/mL), and deficiency (< 20.0 ng/mL) were 19.9%, 45.9%, and 34.2%, respectively. Non-Caucasian ethnicity, housewife life, weight excess, negligible sun exposure and absent gestational vitamin D supplementation were associated with both reduced cord blood 25(OH)D3 and C3-epimer levels. C3-epimer/25(OH)D3 ratio was 15.1% (13.6%-18.4%) and it was not related to any of the assumed risk factors for hypovitaminosis D. CONCLUSIONS Cord blood vitamin D deficiency was common, particularly in newborns from mother not receiving vitamin D supplementation and with poor sun exposure. C3-epimer levels were high in cord blood, causing possible misclassification of vitamin D status if they were not distinguished from 25(OH)D3 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lara Fusani
- Pediatric Unit, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Saba
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | | | | | - Gian Luca Bracco
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, San Luca Hospital, Lucca, Italy.
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22
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Baldi D, Basso L, Nele G, Federico G, Antonucci GW, Salvatore M, Cavaliere C. Rhinoplasty Pre-Surgery Models by Using Low-Dose Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and 3D Printing. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211060950. [PMID: 34880718 PMCID: PMC8647253 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211060950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinoplasty and surgical reconstruction of cartilaginous structures still remain a great challenge today. This study aims to identify an imaging strategy in order to merge the information from CT scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisitions and build a 3D printed model true to the patient's anatomy, for better surgical planning. Using MRI, information can be obtained about the cartilage structures of which the nose is composed. Ten rhinoplasty candidate patients underwent both a low-dose protocol CT scan and a specific MRI for characterization of nasal structures. Bone and soft tissue segmentations were performed in CT, while cartilage segmentations were extrapolated from MRI and validated by both an expert radiologist and surgeon. Subsequently, a 3D model was produced in materials and colors reproducing the density of the three main structures (bone, soft tissue, and cartilage), useful for pre-surgical evaluation. This study has highlighted that the optimization of a CT and MR dedicated protocol has allowed to reduce the CT radiation dose up to 60% compared to standard acquisitions with the same machine, and MR acquisition time of about 20%. Patient-tailored 3D models and pre-surgical planning have reduced the mean operative time by 20 minutes.
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Cabiati M, Sgalippa A, Federico G, Del Ry S. C-type natriuretic peptide in childhood obesity. Peptides 2021; 145:170639. [PMID: 34425175 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization obesity is the result of an energy imbalance between calories assumed and expended and over the past 30 years its incidence has dramatically increased. Recently, the problem of obesity has drastically increased also in childhood, assuming a social relevance. Childhood obesity, in fact, increases the possibility to be obese in adulthood, representing a risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Aim of this review was to carry out a revision of the literature on childhood obesity focusing on natriuretic peptides (NPs) and in particular on the role of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). In obesity NPs play a fundamental role in the regulation of body weight and energy metabolism. Data on plasma CNP levels in children are scarce. The review of the literature relating to the role of CNP in adolescents showed a progressive reduction in the CNP plasma levels in overweight/obese adolescents compared to normal-weight subjects, as previously observed in obese adults, as well as a different modulation in CNP mRNA expression. An independent association between CNP levels and obesity as well as a significant association with the endothelial dysfunction index was reported, indicating that the peptide could play a very important role as a marker of risk of developing obesity. The results of these studies indicate the importance of adopting healthy lifestyles to improve glucometabolic control as well as to provide the rationale for designing and developing new drugs to modulate the NPs system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cabiati
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Agnese Sgalippa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Federico
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dep. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Del Ry
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy.
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Federico G, Osiurak F, Reynaud E, Brandimonte MA. Semantic congruency effects of prime words on tool visual exploration. Brain Cogn 2021; 152:105758. [PMID: 34102405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2021.105758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Most recent research on human tool use highlighted how people might integrate multiple sources of information through different neurocognitive systems to exploit the environment for action. This mechanism of integration is known as "action reappraisal". In the present eye-tracking study, we further tested the action reappraisal idea by devising a word-priming paradigm to investigate how semantically congruent (e.g., "nail") vs. semantically incongruent words (e.g., "jacket") that preceded the vision of tools (e.g., a hammer) may affect participants' visual exploration of them. We found an implicit modulation of participants' temporal allocation of visuospatial attention as a function of the object-word consistency. Indeed, participants tended to increase over time their fixations on tools' manipulation areas under semantically congruent conditions. Conversely, participants tended to concentrate their visual-spatial attention on tools' functional areas when inconsistent object-word pairs were presented. These results support and extend the information-integrated perspective of the action reappraisal approach. Also, these findings provide further evidence about how higher-level semantic information may influence tools' visual exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - François Osiurak
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Emanuelle Reynaud
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maria A Brandimonte
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Suor Orsola Benincasa University, Naples, Italy
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Canzanella S, Danese A, Mandato M, Lucifora G, Riverso C, Federico G, Gallo P, Esposito M. Concentrations of trace elements in tissues of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from the Tyrrhenian and the Ionian coastlines (Calabria, Italy). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:26545-26557. [PMID: 33484457 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Toxic trace elements from both, natural and anthropogenic origin, pose a threat to aquatic environments and marine wildlife due to their long-range transport, bioaccumulative nature, and biomagnification through the food chain. Being long-lived and migratory animals, sea turtles can be exposed to elevated levels of toxic elements, and are therefore considered sentinel species for chemical pollution. In this study, concentrations of trace elements (arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury) were determined in tissues of 46 loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) stranded along Tyrrhenian and Ionian coasts of Calabria, in Southern Italy, between 2014 and 2020. Curved carapace length (CCL), curved carapace width (CCW), body mass (BM), and sex were determined and the correlations of these parameters with toxic elements concentrations were investigated. During necropsy, kidney, liver, and muscle tissues were collected and the concentration and distribution of metals determined. Muscle tissues showed the lowest toxic element burdens, except for As that showed the highest mean concentrations in this tissue. The kidney was the main accumulation organ for Cd, while similar levels of Hg and Pb were measured in kidney, liver, and muscle tissues. The risk assessment performed for Cd, Hg, and Pb in sea turtles' liver highlighted possible negative effects on sea turtles' health and the need for marine turtle toxicology researches. This is the first study reporting levels and distribution of toxic elements in tissues of Caretta caretta turtles from the Tyrrhenian and Ionian coasts of Calabria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Canzanella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2, Portici, Italy.
| | - Amalia Danese
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2, Portici, Italy
| | - Maria Mandato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2, Portici, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucifora
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2, Portici, Italy
| | - Caterina Riverso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2, Portici, Italy
| | - Giovanni Federico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2, Portici, Italy
| | - Pasquale Gallo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2, Portici, Italy
| | - Mauro Esposito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2, Portici, Italy
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26
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Federico G, Ferrante D, Marcatto F, Brandimonte MA. How the fear of COVID-19 changed the way we look at human faces. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11380. [PMID: 33987036 PMCID: PMC8088764 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Do we look at persons currently or previously affected by COVID-19 the same way as we do with healthy ones? In this eye-tracking study, we investigated how participants (N = 54) looked at faces of individuals presented as "COVID-19 Free", "Sick with COVID-19", or "Recovered from COVID-19". Results showed that participants tend to look at the eyes of COVID-19-free faces longer than at those of both COVID-19-related faces. Crucially, we also found an increase of visual attention for the mouth of the COVID-19-related faces, possibly due to the threatening characterisation of such area as a transmission vehicle for SARS-CoV-2. Thus, by detailing how people dynamically changed the way of looking at faces as a function of the perceived risk of contagion, we provide the first evidence in the literature about the impact of the pandemic on the most basic level of social interaction.
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Abstract
Humans are unique in the way they understand the causal relationships between the use of tools and achieving a goal. The idea at the core of the present research is that tool use can be considered as an instance of problem-solving situations supported by technical reasoning. In an eye-tracking study, we investigated the fixation patterns of participants (N = 32) looking at 3D images of thematically consistent (e.g., nail-steel hammer) and thematically inconsistent (e.g., scarf-steel hammer) object-tool pairs that could be either "hazardous" (accidentally electrified) or not. Results showed that under thematically consistent conditions, participants focused on the tool's manipulation area (e.g., the handle of a steel hammer). However, when electrified tools were present or when the visual scene was not action-prompting, regardless of the presence of electricity, the tools' functional/identity areas (e.g., the head of a steel hammer) were fixated longer than the tools' manipulation areas. These results support an integrated and reasoning-based approach to human tool use and document, for the first time, the crucial role of mechanical/semantic knowledge in tool visual exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - François Osiurak
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Maria A Brandimonte
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Suor Orsola Benincasa University, Naples, Italy
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Bonuccelli A, Sciarrotta C, Esposito MG, Bianchi V, Miccoli M, Striano P, D’Angelo R, Valiani M, Randazzo E, Foiadelli T, Peroni D, Federico G, Orsini A. Peripheral Arterial Tonometry (EndoPAT)-measured Endothelial Dysfunction in Migraine with Aura children. Acta Biomed 2021; 92:e2021345. [PMID: 35441605 PMCID: PMC9179064 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92is4.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between Migraine with Aura (MA) and vascular disease has been previously reported. We investigated whether pre-clinical vascular alterations, such as Endothelial Dysfunction, are already present in children and adolescents with Migraine with Aura. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 27 patients having Migraine with Aura, aged9 -18 years, and 31 age matched healthy control subjects to evaluateEndothelial Function by Peripheral Arterial Tonometry. This technique measures finger pulse wave amplitude, before and during reactive hyperaemia, and calculates the Augmentation Index (AI) and the Reactive Hyperaemia Index (RHI). We also set-up an Aura Severity Scale to assess disease severity and its relationship with AI and RHI alterations. RESULTS Also if the case-control study resulted only partially as significant, we found there is an inversely proportional relationship between the severity of the migraine measured with Aura Severity Scale and the values of the endoscore (a significantly reduced levels of AI (p-value <0,03) and a marginal reduction of RHI levels (p-value <0,07). CONCLUSION Further studies should explore the impact of pre-clinical vascular alterations in children and adolescents with Migraine with Aura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bonuccelli
- Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrie University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa
| | - Claudia Sciarrotta
- Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrie University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa
| | - Maria Grazia Esposito
- Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrie University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa
| | - Vanessa Bianchi
- Pediatric Diabetology, Pediatrie University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, ‘
| | - Mario Miccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Dinogmi, Giannina Gaslini’s. Istitute, University of Genoa
| | - Riccardo D’Angelo
- Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrie University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa
| | - Margherita Valiani
- Pediatric Diabetology, Pediatrie University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, ‘
| | - Emioli Randazzo
- Pediatric Diabetology, Pediatrie University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, ‘
| | - Thomas Foiadelli
- Pediatric Clinic, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Diego Peroni
- Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrie University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa,,Pediatric Diabetology, Pediatrie University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, ‘
| | - Giovanni Federico
- Pediatric Diabetology, Pediatrie University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, ‘
| | - Alessandro Orsini
- Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrie University Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa
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29
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Osiurak F, Federico G, Brandimonte MA, Reynaud E, Lesourd M. On the Temporal Dynamics of Tool Use. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:579378. [PMID: 33364928 PMCID: PMC7750203 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.579378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- François Osiurak
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Federico
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Suor Orsola Benincasa University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria A. Brandimonte
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Suor Orsola Benincasa University, Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuelle Reynaud
- Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Lesourd
- Laboratoire de Psychologie, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Cabiati M, Randazzo E, Salvadori C, Peroni D, Federico G, Del Ry S. Circulating microRNAs associated with C-type natriuretic peptide in childhood obesity. Peptides 2020; 133:170387. [PMID: 32828851 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential biomarkers of metabolic disease implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity and at present, no data are available on a possible contribution of C-type natriuretic peptides (CNP)-linked miRNAs to childhood obesity. Our aims were to 1) perform an in silico-analysis to identify miRNAs targeting CNP gene; 2) recognize CNP-linked miRNAs associated with obesity; 3) characterize their circulating profiling in normal-weight (N) and obese adolescents (O). A clinical examination was performed in 25 N and 52 O adolescents. CNP plasma levels were detected by immunometric assay while miRNA expression was carried out on peripheral blood using Real-Time PCR. Plasma CNP resulted significantly lower in O than in N (5.58 ± 0.62 vs.14.78 ± 1.35 pg/mL, p < 0.0001). In silico-analysis disclosed several specific circulating CNP-linked miRNAs among which miR-33a-3p, miR-223-5p and miR-142-5p also associated with obesity. MiR-199-5p and miR-4454, known to be associated with obesity but not with CNP, were also studied. miR-223-5p and miR-33a-3p resulted significantly (p = 0.05) higher in O (0.97 ± 0.1; 0.85 ± 0.1, respectively) than in N (0.66 ± 0.11; 0.51 ± 0.08, respectively). Plasma CNP correlated inversely with miR-33a-3p (p = 0.036), miR-223-5p (p = 0.004), miR-199-5p (p = 0.003) and miR-4454 (p < 0.0001). Significantly positive correlations were observed between miR-33a-3p and miR-223-5p (p = 0.002) and between miR-199-5p and miR-4454 (p = 0.0001). Applying a multiple linear regression model, miR-142-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-223-5p, miR33a-3p, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and age were independent determinants of CNP. Our results underline the concept that expanding our knowledge on the behaviour of circulating miRNA profile may have a promising role for early identification of obese children at increased risk of cardiometabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cabiati
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emioli Randazzo
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dep. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Costanza Salvadori
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diego Peroni
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dep. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Federico
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dep. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Del Ry
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy.
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Vierucci F, Bacci C, Mucaria C, Dini F, Federico G, Maielli M, Vaccaro A. How COVID-19 Pandemic Changed Children and Adolescents Use of the Emergency Department: the Experience of a Secondary Care Pediatric Unit in Central Italy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2:1959-1969. [PMID: 32984767 PMCID: PMC7508675 DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Italy was the first European country hit by SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly northern regions. After the beginning of national lockdown (March 9th, 2020), we observed a significant decrease in pediatric emergency department consultations (daily pediatric visits; pre-lockdown, 16 (11-22); lockdown, 3 (1-3); phase 2, 3 (3-5), p < 0.0001). On the other hand, the percentage of children discharged right after pediatric visit significantly decreased from 80% in January to 50% in April. After March 9th, we registered a change in the diagnoses of emergency department visits, with an increase in the percentage of non-infectious acute conditions and a decrease in infectious diseases, with two cases of a noteworthy delayed access to hospital care. We performed a retrospective analysis of consultations requested to our pediatric unit for children and adolescents referred to the general Emergency Department of San Luca Hospital of Lucca (Tuscany, Central Italy) from January 1st to May 31st, 2020. We split data in two different time periods according to consultations performed before (January 1st-March 8th) and after the beginning of lockdown (March 9th-May 31st). Analyzing the number of children hospitalized from January to May 2020 in comparison with the same period in 2019, a decreased hospitalization became evident after March (March - 74.6%, April - 71.6%, May - 58.6%). Nasopharyngeal swabs done in 115 children showed only one case of COVID-19. Even if COVID-19 outbreak more seriously affected Northern Italy, utilization of pediatric emergency services significantly changed also in Central Italy with consequent reduced demand and increased appropriateness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vierucci
- Pediatric Unit, San Luca Hospital, Via Guglielmo Lippi Francesconi 1, 55100 Lucca, Italy
| | - Caterina Bacci
- Pediatric Unit, San Luca Hospital, Via Guglielmo Lippi Francesconi 1, 55100 Lucca, Italy.,Pediatric Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Dini
- Pediatric Unit, San Luca Hospital, Via Guglielmo Lippi Francesconi 1, 55100 Lucca, Italy
| | | | - Michela Maielli
- San Luca Hospital, Via Guglielmo Lippi Francesconi 1, 55100 Lucca, Italy
| | - Angelina Vaccaro
- Pediatric Unit, San Luca Hospital, Via Guglielmo Lippi Francesconi 1, 55100 Lucca, Italy
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Abstract
Alongside language and bipedal locomotion, tool use is a characterizing activity of human beings. Current theories in the field embrace two contrasting approaches: "manipulation-based" theories, which are anchored in the embodied-cognition view, explain tool use as deriving from past sensorimotor experiences, whereas "reasoning-based" theories suggest that people reason about object properties to solve everyday-life problems. Here, we present results from two eye-tracking experiments in which we manipulated the visuo-perceptual context (thematically consistent vs. inconsistent object-tool pairs) and the goal of the task (free observation or looking to recognise). We found that participants exhibited reversed tools' visual-exploration patterns, focusing on the tool's manipulation area under thematically consistent conditions and on its functional area under thematically inconsistent conditions. Crucially, looking at the tools with the aim of recognising them produced longer fixations on the tools' functional areas irrespective of thematic consistency. In addition, tools (but not objects) were recognised faster in the thematically consistent conditions. These results strongly support reasoning-based theories of tool use, as they indicate that people primarily process semantic rather than sensorimotor information to interact with the environment in an agent's consistent-with-goal way. Such a pre-eminence of semantic processing challenges the mainstream embodied-cognition view of human tool use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Federico
- Suor Orsola Benincasa University, Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria A Brandimonte
- Suor Orsola Benincasa University, Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Naples, Italy
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Fusco E, Pesce M, Bianchi V, Randazzo E, Del Ry S, Peroni D, Rossi M, Federico G. Preclinical vascular alterations in obese adolescents detected by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry technique. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:306-312. [PMID: 31653517 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Childhood obesity promotes adverse changes in cardiovascular structure and function. This study evaluated whether alterations in skin microcirculation were already present in obese adolescents in a pre-clinical phase of cardiovascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS After an overnight fasting 22 obese adolescents and 24 normal-weight controls of similar age and gender distribution underwent clinical and blood examination and assessment of microvascular function by using two non-invasive techniques such as Peripheral Artery Tonometry (PAT) and Laser-Doppler Flowmetry (LDF). As compared to normal weight subjects, obese children had higher blood pressure, were significantly more hyper-insulinemic and insulin resistant, showing significantly higher plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). LDF showed lower pre- and post-occlusion forearm skin perfusion (perfusion units/second (PU/sec); median [IQR]) in obese than in normal weight subjects (pre-occlusion: 1633.8 [1023.5] vs. 2281.1 [1344.2]; p = 0.015. Post-occlusion: 4811.3 [4068.9] vs. 7072.8 [7298.8]; p = 0.021), while PAT revealed similar values of reactive hyperemia index (RHI). In entire population, fat mass % (FM%) was an independent determinant of both pre-and post-occlusion skin perfusion. Finally, being obese was associated with a higher risk to have a reduction of both pre- and post-occlusion skin perfusion (OR = 5,82 and 9,27, respectively). CONCLUSION LDF showed very early, pre-clinical, vascular involvement in obese adolescents, characterized by impaired skin microcirculation, possibly reflecting a more diffuse microvascular dysfunction to other body tissues. Whether changing life style and improving weight may reverse such pre-clinical alterations remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Fusco
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Pesce
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Bianchi
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emioli Randazzo
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Del Ry
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diego Peroni
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Federico
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.
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34
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Del Ry S, Cabiati M, Bianchi V, Randazzo E, Peroni D, Clerico A, Federico G. C-type natriuretic peptide plasma levels and whole blood mRNA expression show different trends in adolescents with different degree of endothelial dysfunction. Peptides 2020; 124:170218. [PMID: 31794787 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an endogenous adipogenesis regulator whose plasma levels in childhood are known, while no data are available on its expression. Our aim was to evaluate both CNP plasma levels and CNP system expression in whole blood obtained from normal-weight (N, n = 24) and obese (O, n = 16) adolescents (age:13.5 ± 0.4 years). Endothelial function was assessed measuring reactive hyperemia index (RHI). CNP plasma levels, evaluated with specific RIA, resulted significantly lower in O than in N (6.1 ± 0.8 vs.15.2 ± 1.3 pg/mL; p < 0.0001), while CNP/NPR-B/NPR-C mRNA, measured by Real-Time PCR, resulted similar in N (4.1 ± 1.7; 5.0 ± 1.6; 2.2 ± 0.9) and in O (4.3 ± 1.6; 3.5 ± 1.1; 2.3 ± 0.8). RHI was significantly lower in O than in N (1.4 ± 0.08 vs.2.1 ± 0.04, p < 0.0001). Dividing all subjects according to the RHI median value, irrespective of the presence or absence of obesity (Group 1 > 1.9, n = 23, Group 2 < 1.9, n = 17), CNP plasma concentrations resulted significantly (p = 0.014) higher in Group 1 (14.6 ± 1.6) than in Group 2 (7.5 ± 1.0), showing a significant correlation with RHI (p = 0.0026), while CNP mRNA expression was, surprisingly, higher in Group 2 (7.0 ± 2.3) than in Group 1 (1.8 ± 0.4; p = 0.02). NPR-B mRNA resulted similar in both Groups (4.3 ± 1.6; 4.7 ± 1.3) and NPR-C significantly higher in Group 2 (p = 0.02). Our data suggest different trends between CNP plasma levels and expression, assessed for the first time in whole blood, that could reflect changes occurring both at CNP transcriptional level in activated leukocytes due to inflammation, and at circulating levels, due to CNP paracrine/autocrine activities. This could represent an interesting area for new therapies able to modulate endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Del Ry
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy; Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Manuela Cabiati
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Bianchi
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dep. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Emioli Randazzo
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dep. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Diego Peroni
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dep. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Aldo Clerico
- Institute of Life Science, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Federico
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dep. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
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Federici V, Goffredo M, Mancini G, Quaglia M, Santilli A, Di Nicola F, De Ascentis M, Cabras P, Volpicelli C, De Liberato C, Satta G, Federico G, Leone A, Pisciella M, Portanti O, Pizzurro F, Teodori L, Savini G. Vector Competence of Italian Populations of Culicoides for Some Bluetongue Virus Strains Responsible for Recent Northern African and European Outbreaks. Viruses 2019; 11:E941. [PMID: 31614799 PMCID: PMC6832517 DOI: 10.3390/v11100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of Bluetongue virus (BTV) in Europe can be represented by two distinct and interconnected epidemiological systems (episystems), each characterized by different ecological characteristics and vector species. This study investigated the vector competence of Italian populations of Culicoides imicola and Culicoides obsoletus/scoticus to some representative BTV strains after artificial oral infection. The BTV strains were selected according to their ability to spread to one or both episystems and included BTV-4 ITA, responsible of the recent Italian and French BTV-4 outbreaks; the BTV-2 strain which caused the first BTV incursion in Italy, Corsica, and Balearic Islands; BTV-4 MOR, responsible for the epidemic in Morocco; and BTV-8, the strain which spread through Europe between 2006 and 2008. Blood-soaked cotton pledgets and Hemotek membrane feeder using Parafilm® membrane were used to artificially feed midges. For each population/strain, recovery rates (positive/tested heads) were evaluated using serogroup- and serotype-specific RT-PCR. The trial demonstrated that, except for the Abruzzo population of C. obsoletus/C. scoticus, which was refractory to BTV-4 MOR infection, all the investigated Culicoides populations are susceptible to the selected BTV strains and that, if prompt vaccination programs and restriction measures had not been implemented, BTV-2 and BTV-4 MOR could have spread all over Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Federici
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Maria Goffredo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Mancini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Michela Quaglia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Adriana Santilli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Francesca Di Nicola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Matteo De Ascentis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Pierangela Cabras
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Carmela Volpicelli
- Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale Crotone, Via M. Nicoletta, 88900 Crotone (KR), Italy.
| | - Claudio De Liberato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Satta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Via Duca degli Abruzzi 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Federico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Figurella, 89135 Catona (RC), Italy.
| | - Alessandra Leone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Maura Pisciella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Ottavio Portanti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Federica Pizzurro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Liana Teodori
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Savini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise 'G. Caporale', Via Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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Federico G, Brandimonte MA. Tool and object affordances: An ecological eye-tracking study. Brain Cogn 2019; 135:103582. [PMID: 31255885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2019.103582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present eye-tracking study, we analysed the visuo-spatial attentional patterns of participants looking at 3D images depicting single tools and object-tool pairs. The object-tool pairs could be thematically consistent, thematically inconsistent or spatially inconsistent. During the first 500 ms of visual exploration, tools were fixated longer on their functional area in all experimental conditions. However, extending the time-window of analysis to 1750 ms, the visual scene was encoded in a faster and more suited-for-action way in the thematically consistent condition (e.g., hammer-nail). Most important, the visual exploration of the thematically consistent pairs focused on the manipulation area of the tool (e.g., the handle of the hammer) more than on its functional area (e.g., the head of the hammer). Finally, when single tools were shown and the entire time-window of analysis was considered (1750 ms), fixation focused on the tool's manipulation area. These results are discussed within the reasoning-based framework of tool use. They highlight the relative role of the visuo-perceptual context in affordance perception and suggest a novel interpretation of the cognitive mechanisms underlying the processing of tools and object-tool pairs in terms of action reappraisal (i.e., a re-functionalization process when the action possibility is mined by the visuo-perceptual context).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Federico
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Suor Orsola Benincasa University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria A Brandimonte
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Suor Orsola Benincasa University, Naples, Italy
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Cabiati M, Bianchi V, Randazzo E, Clerico A, Federico G, Del Ry S. C-type natriuretic peptide plasma levels and mRNA expression in adolescents with of endothelial dysfunction. Clin Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Federico G, Genoni A, Puggioni A, Saba A, Gallo D, Randazzo E, Salvatoni A, Toniolo A. Vitamin D status, enterovirus infection, and type 1 diabetes in Italian children/adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:923-929. [PMID: 29569355 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
At the time of the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D), we investigated 82 pediatric cases in parallel with 117 non-diabetic controls matched by age, geographic area, and time of collection. The occurrence of an enteroviral infection was evaluated in peripheral blood using a sensitive method capable of detecting virtually all human enterovirus (EV) types. While non-diabetic controls were consistently EV-negative, 65% of T1D cases carried EVs in blood. The vitamin D status was assessed by measuring the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in serum. Levels of 25(OH)D were interpreted as deficiency (≤50 nmol/L), insufficiency (52.5-72.5 nmol/L), and sufficiency (75-250 nmol/L). In T1D cases, the median serum concentration of 25(OH)D was 54.4 ± 27.3 nmol/L vs 74.1 ± 28.5 nmol/L in controls (P = .0001). Diabetic children/adolescents showed deficient levels of vitamin D 25(OH)D (ie, 72.5 nmol/L) in 48.8% cases vs 17.9% in non-diabetic controls (P = .0001). Unexpectedly, the median vitamin D concentration was significantly reduced in virus-positive vs virus-negative diabetics (48.2 ± 22.5 vs 61.8 ± 31.2 nmol/L; P = .015), with deficient levels in 58.5% vs 31.0%, respectively. Thus, at the time of clinical onset, EV-positive cases had reduced vitamin D levels compared with EV-negative cases. This could indicate either that the virus-negative children/adolescents had been hit by a non-infectious T1D-triggering event, or that children/adolescents with proper levels of vitamin D had been able to rapidly clear the virus. Thus, it would be important to assess whether adequate vitamin D supplementation before or during the prediabetic phase of T1D may counteract the diabetogenic potential of infectious pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Federico
- Pediatric Diabetes Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pisa Medical School, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Genoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Insubria and Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy
| | - Anna Puggioni
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Insubria and Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy
| | - Alessandro Saba
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Surgical Pathology, University of Pisa Medical School, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Gallo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria and Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy
| | - Emioli Randazzo
- Pediatric Diabetes Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pisa Medical School, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Salvatoni
- Pediatrics Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria and Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy
| | - Antonio Toniolo
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Insubria and Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy
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Fantazi K, Migliore S, Kdidi S, Racinaro L, Tefiel H, Boukhari R, Federico G, Di Marco Lo Presti V, Gaouar SBS, Vitale M. Analysis of differences in prion protein gene ( PRNP) polymorphisms between Algerian and Southern Italy's goats. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1420430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Fantazi
- National Institute of Agronomic Research, Animal Productions Division – INRA Algeria, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Sergio Migliore
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Adelmo Mirri, Palermo, Italy
| | - Samia Kdidi
- Animal Molecular Genetics Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Land Institute, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Luca Racinaro
- Superior National Veterinary School, El-Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hakim Tefiel
- Superior National Veterinary School, El-Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Rachid Boukhari
- Physiopathology and Biochemistry of Nutrition laboratory (PpBioNut), University Abou Bekr Belkaid, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Giovanni Federico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Mezzogiorno, sezione di Reggio Calabria, Catona, RC, Italy
| | | | - Semir Bechir Suheil Gaouar
- Physiopathology and Biochemistry of Nutrition laboratory (PpBioNut), University Abou Bekr Belkaid, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Maria Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Adelmo Mirri, Palermo, Italy
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Mori F, Sarti L, Barni S, Lodi L, Federico G, Novembre E. Unsuccessful Desensitization in a Child with Hypersensitivity to Diazoxide. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017; 16:457-459. [PMID: 29149786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
No Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mori
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Sarti
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Barni
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lodi
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Federico
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elio Novembre
- Allergy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Abstract
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency represents a global health problem, affecting children and adolescents worldwide.
Objects To confirm that vitamin D deficiency can present as a spectrum of clinical pictures.
Methods We diagnosed nutritional rickets in a 10-month-old infant of Senegal origin with several risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. As many of these factors affected also his cohabitant relatives, we evaluate infant’s family members (mother and 4 brothers) looking for other vitamin D deficiency-related comorbidities.
Results 3 brothers had asymptomatic vitamin D deficiency and 2 of them (9.8 and 13.4 years-old) showed secondary hyperparathyroidism. The fourth brother (11.3 years-old) had nutritional rickets. Their mother was affected by osteomalacia. None of them received vitamin D supplementation.
Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency may present as a spectrum of clinical pictures, representing a continuum ranging from asymptomatic/subtle conditions to overt rickets/osteomalacia. Immigrant families are at high risk for vitamin D deficiency at every age. If a case of symptomatic vitamin D deficiency is recognized, then the evaluation of the all family members is recommended, as they can have the same and/or other risk factors for vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Del Pistoia
- U.O. Pediatria Universitaria, Dipartimento Materno Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Italy
| | - Emioli Randazzo
- U.O. Pediatria Universitaria, Dipartimento Materno Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Italy
| | - Francesco Massart
- U.O. Pediatria Universitaria, Dipartimento Materno Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Italy
| | - Giovanni Federico
- U.O. Pediatria Universitaria, Dipartimento Materno Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Italy
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Federico G, Gori M, Randazzo E, Vierucci F. Skin advanced glycation end-products evaluation in infants according to the type of feeding and mother's smoking habits. SAGE Open Med 2016; 4:2050312116682126. [PMID: 28210490 PMCID: PMC5302171 DOI: 10.1177/2050312116682126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to assess whether formula-fed infants had increased skin advanced glycation end-products compared with breastfed ones. We also evaluated the effect of maternal smoke during pregnancy and lactation on infant skin advanced glycation end-products accumulation. METHODS Advanced glycation end-product-linked skin autofluorescence was measured in 101 infants. RESULTS In infants born from non-smoking mothers, advanced glycation end-products were higher in formula-fed subjects than in breastfed subjects (0.80 (0.65-0.90) vs 1.00 (0.85-1.05), p < 0.001). Advanced glycation end-products in breastfed infants from smoking mothers were higher than in those from non-smoking mothers (0.80 (0.65-0.90) vs 1.00 (0.90-1.17), p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Formula-fed infants had increased amounts of advanced glycation end-products compared with the breastfed ones, confirming that breast milk represents the best food for infants. Breastfed infants from mothers smoking during pregnancy and lactation had increased skin advanced glycation end-products, suggesting that smoke-related advanced glycation end-products transfer throughout breast milk. Moreover, advanced glycation end-products may already increase during gestation, possibly affecting fetal development. Thus, we reinforced that smoking must be stopped during pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Federico
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Gori
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emioli Randazzo
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Del Ry S, Cabiati M, Bianchi V, Caponi L, Maltinti M, Caselli C, Kozakova M, Palombo C, Morizzo C, Marchetti S, Randazzo E, Clerico A, Federico G. C-type natriuretic peptide is closely associated to obesity in Caucasian adolescents. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 460:172-7. [PMID: 27376982 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CNP is a natural regulator of adipogenesis playing a role in the development of obesity in childhood. Aim of the study was to evaluate CNP plasma levels in normal-weight (N), overweight (OW) and obese adolescents (O). Eighty two subjects (age:12.8±2.4, years) without cardiac dysfunction were enrolled and CNP plasma levels were measured by RIA. NT-proBNP, MR-proANP, AGEs, reactive hyperemia index (RHI) and standard clinical chemistry parameters were also measured. O and OW adolescents had higher values of BMI and fat mass than N. CNP levels were significantly lower in OW:4.79[3.29-21.15] and O:3.81[1.55-13.4] than in N:13.21[7.6-37.8]; p<0.0001N vs O, p=0.0003N vs OW). LogCNP values correlated significantly and inversely with BMI z-score, FM%, TF% and circulating levels of CRP, insulin, total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides, in addition to an inverse relationship with skin AGEs and a direct correlation with RHI. LogCNP was also inversely associated with LogNT-proBNP and LogMR-proANP values. Using ROC analysis the risk of obesity resulted significantly (p≪0.0001) associated with CNP values (AUC=0.9724). These results suggest that CNP may play a more important role than BNP and ANP related peptides, as risk marker of obesity, in addition to its involvement in adipogenesis and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Del Ry
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Manuela Cabiati
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Bianchi
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dep. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Caponi
- Translational Research Department, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Caselli
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michaela Kozakova
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Palombo
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Carmela Morizzo
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Marchetti
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dep. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Emioli Randazzo
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dep. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Federico
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dep. Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
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Azzarà A, Pirillo C, Giovannini C, Federico G, Scarpato R. Different repair kinetic of DSBs induced by mitomycin C in peripheral lymphocytes of obese and normal weight adolescents. Mutat Res 2016; 789:9-14. [PMID: 27174706 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In 2013, 42 million children under the age of 5 years were overweight or obese. In the context of obesity, we recently showed that (1) peripheral lymphocytes of obese children/adolescents had an 8-fold increase in double strand breaks (DSBs), expressed as g-H2AX foci, than normal weight adolescents, and (2) 30% of the damage was retained into chromosome mutations. Thus, we investigated DSBs repair efficiency in a group of obese adolescents assessing the kinetic of H2AX phosphorylation in mitomycin C (MMC)-treated lymphocytes harvested 2 h- or 4 h-post mutagen treatment. According to our previous studies, these harvesting times represent the peak of DSBs induction and the time in which an appreciable DSBs reduction was observed. In addition, we evaluated the expression of the high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1), a chromatin remodelling protein involved in DSBs repair and obesity. Compared to normal weight adolescents, obese subjects 1) showed higher levels of g-H2AX foci at either 2 h- (0.239±0.041 vs. 0.473±0.048, P=0.0016) or 4 h- (0.150±0.026 vs. 0.255±0.030, P=0.0198) post mutagen treatment, and 2) have repaired a greater amount of the initial lesions (0.088±0.033 vs. 0.218±0.045, P=0.0408). Concordantly, 1) HMGB1 levels of obese individuals increased and decreased at 2h- or 4 h-post mutagen treatment, respectively, and 2) the opposite occurred for the normal weight adolescents where the protein was down-expressed at 2h and over-expressed at 4h. In conclusion, lymphocytes of obese and normal weight adolescents showed a distinct temporal kinetic of repairing MMC-induced DSBs, together with a different expression of HMGB1. The finding that obesity may modulate the repair of DNA damage induced in lymphocytes by genotoxic agents should be confirmed by further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Azzarà
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Pirillo
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Federico
- Unità di Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Diabete, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Scarpato
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy; Research Center of Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Caselli C, Ragusa R, Prontera C, Cabiati M, Cantinotti M, Federico G, Del Ry S, Trivella MG, Clerico A. Distribution of circulating cardiac biomarkers in healthy children: from birth through adulthood. Biomark Med 2016; 10:357-65. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2015-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: While circulating biomarkers are critical tools for cardiovascular adult care, their relevance in childhood is unknown. Methods: We evaluated the behavior of plasma concentrations of clinically relevant cardiac biomarkers (NT-proBNP, hs-cTnI, sST2, Galectin-3) in 106 healthy children. Results: Subjects were divided into age subgroups: 24 newborns (0–30 days), 26 infants (1–12 months), 30 children (1–12 years) and 26 adolescents (13–18 years). Healthy adults were used as control. NT-proBNP (newborns: 504.3 [211.07–942.7] ng/L, median [25–75 percentiles]; infants: 200.64 [76.88–306.73]; children: 97.27 [49.24–271.80]; adolescents: 24.35 [13.14–58.83]; p < 0.001) and hs-cTnI (newborns: 9.3 [3.3–93.8] ng/L; infants: 13.8 [4.82–72.52]; children: 11.45 [4.0–48.10]; adolescents: 2.6[2.07–3.90]; p < 0.001) were highest in the first month of life, showing a decline in the next years. sST2 and Galectin-3 showed no differences. Conclusion: Changes in hs-cTnI and NT-proBNP suggest the design of age- and sex-based reference intervals that will have to be explored in a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Giovanni Federico
- U.O. Pediatria Universitaria, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Aldo Clerico
- Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa and Massa, Italy
- U.O. Pediatria Universitaria, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
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Kozakova M, Morizzo C, Bianchi V, Marchetti S, Federico G, Palombo C. Hemodynamic overload and intra-abdominal adiposity in obese children: Relationships with cardiovascular structure and function. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:60-66. [PMID: 26643211 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Childhood obesity promotes adverse changes in cardiovascular structure and function. This study evaluated whether these changes are related to intra-abdominal adiposity and associated cardiometabolic risk or to body-size induced hemodynamic overload. METHODS AND RESULTS 55 obese children/adolescents and 35 healthy-weight controls underwent carotid, cardiac and abdominal ultrasound to assess carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), diameter, distension and stiffness, left ventricular (LV) dimension, mass and function and extent of intra-abdominal adiposity. As compared to controls with healthy BMI, obese children had higher systolic blood pressure (BP), stroke volume and lower total peripheral resistance (P < 0.001-0.0001), higher plasma triglycerides, glycated hemoglobin, insulin and HOMA-IR index (P = 0.01-<0.0001), higher carotid IMT, diameter and distension (P < 0.005-0.0005), higher LV diameter, wall thickness and mass (P < 0.001-0.0001), and impaired LV diastolic function assessed by myocardial longitudinal performance (P < 0.005). In entire population, independent determinants of carotid diameter, LV diameter, wall thickness and mass were fat-free mass (or stroke volume, respectively) and BP. Carotid distension was determined by carotid diameter and BP, and carotid IMT by carotid diameter, BP, HDL-cholesterol and glycated hemoglobin. LV diastolic performance was inversely related to preperitoneal fat thickness and plasma insulin levels. CONCLUSIONS Obese youths present signs of impaired lipid and glucose metabolism, hyperdynamic circulation and cardiovascular changes. Increase in LV dimensions and mass and in carotid diameter and distension seems to reflect adaptation to body-size induced increase in hemodynamic load, changes in LV diastolic performance a negative impact of intra-abdominal adiposity and associated metabolic risk, and increase in IMT both adaptive remodeling and metabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kozakova
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - C Morizzo
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - V Bianchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - S Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - G Federico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - C Palombo
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
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Ragusa R, Prontera C, Di Molfetta A, Cabiati M, D'Amico A, Storti S, Cantinotti M, Federico G, Del Ry S, Amodeo A, Clerico A, Trivella M, Caselli C. Biohumoral profile of pediatric patients with heart failure submitted to ventricular assist device support. Vascul Pharmacol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Goirigolzarri Artaza J, Gallego Delgado M, Jaimes Castellanos C, Cavero Gibanel M, Pastrana Ledesma M, Alonso Pulpon L, Gonzalez Mirelis J, Al Ansi RZ, Sokolovic S, Cerin G, Szychta W, Popa BA, Botezatu D, Benea D, Manganiello S, Corlan A, Jabour A, Igual Munoz B, Osaca Asensi J, Andres La Huerta A, Maceira Gonzalez A, Estornell Erill J, Cano Perez O, Sancho-Tello M, Alonso Fernandez P, Sepulveda Sanchez P, Montero Argudo A, Palombo C, Morizzo C, Baluci M, Kozakova M, Panajotu A, Karady J, Szeplaki G, Horvath T, Tarnoki D, Jermendy A, Geller L, Merkely B, Maurovich-Horvat P, Moustafa S, Mookadam F, Youssef M, Zuhairy H, Connelly M, Prieur T, Alvarez N, Ashikhmin Y, Drapkina O, Boutsikou M, Demerouti E, Leontiadis E, Petrou E, Karatasakis G, Kozakova M, Morizzo C, Bianchi V, Marchi B, Federico G, Palombo C, Chatzistamatiou E, Moustakas G, Memo G, Konstantinidis D, Mpampatzeva Vagena I, Manakos K, Traxanas K, Vergi N, Feretou A, Kallikazaros I, Goto M, Uejima T, Itatani K, Pedrizzetti G, Mada R, Daraban A, Duchenne J, Voigt J, Chiu DYY, Green D, Johnstone L, Sinha S, Kalra P, Abidin N, Sikora-Frac M, Zaborska B, Maciejewski P, Bednarz B, Budaj A, Nemes A, Sasi V, Gavaller H, Kalapos A, Domsik P, Katona A, Szucsborus T, Ungi T, Forster T, Ungi I, Pluchinotta F, Arcidiacono C, Saracino A, Carminati M, Bussadori C, Dahlslett T, Karlsen S, Grenne B, Sjoli B, Bendz B, Skulstad H, Smiseth O, Edvardsen T, Brunvand H, Vereckei A, Szelenyi Z, Szenasi G, Santoro C, Galderisi M, Niglio T, Santoro M, Stabile E, Rapacciuolo A, Spinelli L, De Simone G, Esposito G, Trimarco B, Hubert S, Jacquier A, Fromonot J, Resseguier C, Tessier A, Guieu R, Renard S, Haentjiens J, Lavoute C, Habib G, Menting ME, Koopman L, Mcghie J, Rebel B, Gnanam D, Helbing W, Van Den Bosch A, Roos-Hesselink J, Shiino K, Yamada A, Sugimoto K, Takada K, Takakuwa Y, Miyagi M, Iwase M, Ozaki Y, Hayashi T, Itatani K, Inuzuka R, Shindo T, Hirata Y, Shimizu N, Miyaji K, Henri C, Dulgheru R, Magne J, Kou S, Davin L, Nchimi A, Oury C, Pierard L, Lancellotti P, Kovalyova O, Honchar O, Tengku W, Ketaren A, Mingo Santos S, Monivas Palomero V, Restrepo Cordoba A, Rodriguez Gonzalez E, Goirigolzarri Artaza J, Sayago Silva I, Garcia Lunar I, Mitroi C, Cavero Gibanel M, Segovia Cubero J, Ryu S, Park J, Kim S, Choi J, Goh C, Byun Y, Choi J, Westholm C, Johnson J, Jernberg T, Winter R, Rio P, Moura Branco L, Galrinho A, Pinto Teixeira P, Viveiros Monteiro A, Portugal G, Pereira-Da-Silva T, Afonso Nogueira M, Abreu J, Cruz Ferreira R, Mazzone A, Botto N, Paradossi U, Chabane A, Francini M, Cerone E, Baroni M, Maffei S, Berti S, Ghattas A, Shantsila E, Griffiths H, Lip G, Galli E, Guirette Y, Daudin M, Auffret V, Mabo P, Donal E, Fabiani I, Conte L, Scatena C, Barletta V, Pratali S, De Martino A, Bortolotti U, Naccarato A, Di Bello V, Falanga G, Alati E, Di Giannuario G, Zito C, Cusma' Piccione M, Carerj S, Oreto G, Dattilo G, Alfieri O, La Canna G, Generati G, Bandera F, Pellegrino M, Alfonzetti E, Labate V, Guazzi M, Cengiz B, Sahin ST, Yurdakul S, Kahraman S, Bozkurt A, Aytekin S, Borges IP, Peixoto E, Peixoto R, Peixoto R, Marcolla V, Venkateshvaran A, Sola S, Dash PK, Thapa P, Manouras A, Winter R, Brodin L, Govind SC, Mizariene V, Verseckaite R, Bieseviciene M, Karaliute R, Jonkaitiene R, Vaskelyte J, Arzanauskiene R, Janenaite J, Jurkevicius R, Rosner S, Orban M, Nadjiri J, Lesevic H, Hadamitzky M, Sonne C, Manganaro R, Carerj S, Cusma-Piccione M, Caprino A, Boretti I, Todaro M, Falanga G, Oreto L, D'angelo M, Zito C, Le Tourneau T, Cueff C, Richardson M, Hossein-Foucher C, Fayad G, Roussel J, Trochu J, Vincentelli A, Cavalli G, Muraru D, Miglioranza M, Addetia K, Veronesi F, Cucchini U, Mihaila S, Tadic M, Lang R, Badano L, Polizzi V, Pino P, Luzi G, Bellavia D, Fiorilli R, Chialastri C, Madeo A, Malouf J, Buffa V, Musumeci F, Gripari P, Tamborini G, Bottari V, Maffessanti F, Carminati C, Muratori M, Vignati C, Bartorelli A, Alamanni F, Pepi M, Polymeros S, Dimopoulos A, Spargias K, Karatasakis G, Athanasopoulos G, Pavlides G, Dagres N, Vavouranakis E, Stefanadis C, Cokkinos D, Pradel S, Mohty D, Magne J, Darodes N, Lavergne D, Damy T, Beaufort C, Aboyans V, Jaccard A, Mzoughi K, Zairi I, Jabeur M, Ben Moussa F, Ben Chaabene A, Kamoun S, Mrabet K, Fennira S, Zargouni A, Kraiem S, Jovanova S, Arnaudova-Dezjulovic F, Correia CE, Cruz I, Marques N, Fernandes M, Bento D, Moreira D, Lopes L, Azevedo O, Keramida K, Kouris N, Kostopoulos V, Psarrou G, Giannaris V, Olympios C, Marketou M, Parthenakis F, Kalyva N, Pontikoglou C, Maragkoudakis S, Zacharis E, Patrianakos A, Roufas K, Papadaki H, Vardas P, Dominguez Rodriguez F, Monivas Palomero V, Mingo Santos S, Arribas Rivero B, Cuenca Parra S, Zegri Reiriz I, Vazquez Lopez-Ibor J, Garcia-Pavia P, Szulik M, Streb W, Wozniak A, Lenarczyk R, Sliwinska A, Kalarus Z, Kukulski T, Nemes A, Domsik P, Kalapos A, Forster T, Serra W, Lumetti F, Mozzani F, Del Sante G, Ariani A, Corros C, Colunga S, Garcia-Campos A, Diaz E, Martin M, Rodriguez-Suarez M, Leon V, Fidalgo A, Moris C, De La Hera J, Kylmala MM, Rosengard-Barlund M, Groop PH, Lommi J, Bruin De- Bon H, Bilt Van Der I, Wilde A, Brink Van Den R, Teske A, Rinkel G, Bouma B, Teixeira R, Monteiro R, Garcia J, Silva A, Graca M, Baptista R, Ribeiro M, Cardim N, Goncalves L, Duszanska A, Skoczylas I, Kukulski T, Polonski L, Kalarus Z, Choi JH, Park J, Ahn J, Lee J, Ryu S, Ahn J, Kim D, Lee H, Przewlocka-Kosmala M, Mlynarczyk J, Rojek A, Mysiak A, Kosmala W, Pellissier A, Larochelle E, Krsticevic L, Baron E, Le V, Roy A, Deragon A, Cote M, Garcia D, Tournoux F, Yiangou K, Azina C, Yiangou A, Zitti M, Ioannides M, Ricci F, Dipace G, Aquilani R, Radico F, Cicchitti V, Bianco F, Miniero E, Petrini F, De Caterina R, Gallina S, Jardim Prista Monteiro R, Teixeira R, Garcia J, Baptista R, Ribeiro M, Cardim N, Goncalves L, Chung H, Kim J, Joung B, Uhm J, Pak H, Lee M, Lee K, Ragab A, Abdelwahab A, Yazeed Y, El Naggar W, Spahiu K, Spahiu E, Doko A, Liesting C, Brugts J, Kofflard M, Kitzen J, Boersma E, Levin MD, Coppola C, Piscopo G, Rea D, Maurea C, Caronna A, Capasso I, Maurea N, Azevedo O, Tadeu I, Lourenco M, Portugues J, Pereira V, Lourenco A, Nesukay E, Kovalenko V, Cherniuk S, Danylenko O, Nemes A, Domsik P, Kalapos A, Lengyel C, Varkonyi T, Orosz A, Forster T, Castro M, Abecasis J, Dores H, Madeira S, Horta E, Ribeiras R, Canada M, Andrade M, Mendes M, Morosin M, Piazza R, Leonelli V, Leiballi E, Pecoraro R, Cinello M, Dell' Angela L, Cassin M, Sinagra G, Nicolosi G, Wierzbowska-Drabik K, Hamala P, Kasprzak J, O'driscoll J, Rossato C, Gargallo-Fernandez P, Araco M, Sharma S, Sharma R, Jakus N, Baricevic Z, Ljubas Macek J, Skoric B, Skorak I, Velagic V, Separovic Hanzevacki J, Milicic D, Cikes M, Deljanin Ilic M, Ilic S, Kocic G, Pavlovic R, Stoickov V, Ilic V, Nikolic L, Generati G, Bandera F, Pellegrino M, Alfonzetti E, Labate V, Guazzi M, Labate V, Bandera F, Generati G, Pellegrino M, Donghi V, Alfonzetti E, Guazzi M, Zakarkaite D, Kramena R, Aidietiene S, Janusauskas V, Rucinskas K, Samalavicius R, Norkiene I, Speciali G, Aidietis A, Kemaloglu Oz T, Ozpamuk Karadeniz F, Akyuz S, Unal Dayi S, Esen Zencirci A, Atasoy I, Osken A, Eren M, Fazendas PR, Caldeira D, Stuart B, Cruz I, Rocha Lopes L, Almeida AR, Sousa P, Joao I, Cotrim C, Pereira H, Fazendas PR, Caldeira D, Stuart B, Cruz I, Rocha Lopes L, Almeida AR, Joao I, Cotrim C, Pereira H, Sinem Cakal S, Elif Eroglu E, Baydar O, Beytullah Cakal B, Mehmet Vefik Yazicioglu M, Mustafa Bulut M, Cihan Dundar C, Kursat Tigen K, Birol Ozkan B, Ali Metin Esen A, Yagasaki H, Kawasaki M, Tanaka R, Minatoguchi S, Houle H, Warita S, Ono K, Noda T, Watanabe S, Minatoguchi S, Cho EJ, Park SJ, Lim HJ, Chang SA, Lee SC, Park SW, Cho EJ, Park SJ, Lim HJ, Chang SA, Lee SC, Park SW, Mornos C, Cozma D, Ionac A, Mornos A, Popescu I, Ionescu G, Pescariu S, Melzer L, Faeh-Gunz A, Seifert B, Attenhofer Jost CH, Storve S, Haugen B, Dalen H, Grue J, Samstad S, Torp H, Ferrarotti L, Maggi E, Piccinino C, Sola D, Pastore F, Marino P, Ranjbar S, Karvandi M, Hassantash S, Karvandi M, Ranjbar S, Tierens S, Remory I, Bala G, Gillis K, Hernot S, Droogmans S, Cosyns B, Lahoutte T, Tran N, Poelaert J, Al-Mallah M, Alsaileek A, Nour K, Celeng C, Horvath T, Kolossvary M, Karolyi M, Panajotu A, Kitslaar P, Merkely B, Maurovich Horvat P, Aguiar Rosa S, Ramos R, Marques H, Portugal G, Pereira Da Silva T, Rio P, Afonso Nogueira M, Viveiros Monteiro A, Figueiredo L, Cruz Ferreira R. Poster session 6. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 15:ii235-ii264. [PMCID: PMC4453635 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeu271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
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Giovannini C, Piaggi S, Federico G, Scarpato R. High levels of γ-H2AX foci and cell membrane oxidation in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Mutat Res 2014; 770:128-35. [PMID: 25771879 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by an excess of free radicals is implicated in the pathogenesis and development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and, in turn, it can lead to genome damage, especially in the form of DNA double-strand break (DSB). The DNA DSB is a potentially carcinogenic lesion for human cells. Thus, we aimed to evaluate whether the level of oxidative stress was increased in peripheral blood lymphocytes of a group of affected adolescents. In 35 T1DM adolescents and 19 healthy controls we assessed: (1) spontaneous and H2O2-induced oxidation of cell membrane using a fluorescence lipid probe; (2) spontaneous and LPS-induced expression of iNOS protein and indirect NO determination via cytofluorimetric analysis of O2(-); (3) immunofluorescent detection of the basal level of histone H2AX phosphorylation (γ-H2AX foci), a well-validated marker of DNA DSB. In T1DM, the frequencies of oxidized cells, both spontaneous and H2O2-induced (47.13±0.02) were significantly higher than in controls (35.90±0.03). Patients showed, in general, both a reduced iNOS expression and production of NO. Furthermore, the level of spontaneous nuclear damage, quantified as γ-H2AX foci, was markedly increased in T1DM adolescents (6.15±1.08% of γ-H2AX(+) cells; 8.72±2.14 γ-H2AXF/n; 9.26±2.37 γ-H2AXF/np), especially in females. In the present study, we confirmed the role that oxidative stress plays in the disease damaging lipids of cell membrane and, most importantly, causing genomic damage in circulating white blood cells of affected adolescents. This also indicates that oxidative stress can affect several tissues in the body. However, although the observed DNA damage is a clear indication that the proper DNA repair mechanisms are activated, the risk for young T1DM subjects of developing not only cardiovascular complications but also some type of cancer cannot be ruled out. In this view, females, probably due to hormonal imbalance typical of adolescence, might represent a more susceptible population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Piaggi
- Sezione di Patologia Sperimentale, Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Federico
- Unità di Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Diabete, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Scarpato
- Unità di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy.
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Vierucci F, Del Pistoia M, Erba P, Federico G, Saggese G. Usefulness of phalangeal quantitative ultrasound in identifying reduced bone mineral status and increased fracture risk in adolescents with Turner syndrome. Hormones (Athens) 2014; 13:353-60. [PMID: 25079459 DOI: 10.14310/horm.2002.1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Bone health is a major concern in patients with Turner syndrome (TS). There are few studies assessing bone mineral status in TS adolescents and none have reported a clear relationship with the risk of fracture. We assessed bone mineral status at three different skeletal sites by two different densitometric techniques in a group of TS adolescents. DESIGN. In 24 TS adolescents (17.1±3.1 years) we evaluated lumbar and femoral volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), amplitude-dependent speed of sound (AD-SoS) and bone transmission time (BTT) with phalangeal quantitative ultrasound (QUS). RESULTS. Mean lumbar vBMD Z-score was normal, while mean femoral vBMD, AD-SoS and BTT Z-score were reduced. 8/24 (33.3%) and 13/24 (54.2%) girls had AD-SoS and BTT ≤-2 Z-score, respectively, while lumbar vBMD and femoral vBMD were ≤-2 Z-score only in 2/24 (8.4%) and 1/24 (4.2%) patients. Overall, we documented 15 fractures (three pathological) in 8 girls. Patients who reported at least one fracture had lower AD-SoS and BTT Z-score values than fracture-free girls. The presence of a value of BTT ≤-2.0 Z-score was associated with a significant OR of positive history of fracture of 11.67 (χ2=5.906, p =0.015, C.I. 95% 1.14-119.54). Lumbar and femoral vBMD were not related to fracture risk. CONCLUSIONS. TS adolescents may have impaired bone mineral status in skeletal sites with predominant cortical bone. Phalangeal QUS represents a useful method to identify subjects with increased fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vierucci
- U.O. Pediatria Universitaria, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana; Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Del Pistoia
- U.O. Pediatria Universitaria, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana; Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Erba
- U.O. Medicina Nucleare, Dipartimento di Scienze Oncologiche e Radiologiche; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana; Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Federico
- U.O. Pediatria Universitaria, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana; Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Saggese
- U.O. Pediatria Universitaria, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana; Pisa, Italy
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