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Muñoz G, Ulloa M, Alegría R, Quezada B, Bennett B, Enciso N, Atavales J, Johow M, Aguayo C, Araya H, Neira V. Stranding and mass mortality in humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti), associated to HPAIV H5N1 outbreak in Chile. Prev Vet Med 2024; 227:106206. [PMID: 38696942 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The highly pathogenic Avian Influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 has caused a global outbreak affecting both wild and domestic animals, predominantly avian species. To date, cases of the HPAIV H5 Clade 2.3.4.4b in penguins have exclusively been reported in African Penguins. In Chile, the virus was confirmed in pelicans in December 2022 and subsequently spread across the country, affecting several species, including Humboldt penguins. This study aims to provide an overview of the incidents involving stranded and deceased Humboldt penguins and establish a connection between these events and HPAIV H5N1. Historical data about strandings between 2009 and 2023 was collected, and samples from suspected cases in 2023 were obtained to confirm the presence of HPAIV H5N1. Between January and August 2023, 2,788 cases of stranded and deceased penguins were recorded. Out of these, a total of 2,712 penguins deceased, evidencing a significative increase in mortality starting in early 2023 coinciding with the introduction and spreading of HPAIV H5N1 in the country. Thirty-seven events were categorized as mass mortality events, with the number of deceased penguins varying from 11 to 98. Most cases (97 %) were observed in the North of Chile. One hundred and eighty-one specimens were subjected to HPAIV diagnosis, four of which tested positive for HPAIV H5N1. Spatial analysis validates the correlation between mass mortality events and outbreaks of HPAIV in Chile. However, the limited rate of HPAIV H5N1 detection, which can be attributed to the type and quality of the samples, requiring further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Muñoz
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Ulloa
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Raúl Alegría
- Escuela Medicina Veterinaria, sede Santiago, Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Barbara Quezada
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Benjamín Bennett
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nikita Enciso
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Hugo Araya
- Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victor Neira
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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González-Aravena M, Galbán-Malagón C, Castro-Nallar E, Barriga GP, Neira V, Krüger L, Adell AD, Olivares-Pacheco J. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater Associated with Scientific Stations in Antarctica and Possible Risk for Wildlife. Microorganisms 2024; 12:743. [PMID: 38674687 PMCID: PMC11051888 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Before December 2020, Antarctica had remained free of COVID-19 cases. The main concern during the pandemic was the limited health facilities available at Antarctic stations to deal with the disease as well as the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 on Antarctic wildlife through reverse zoonosis. In December 2020, 60 cases emerged in Chilean Antarctic stations, disrupting the summer campaign with ongoing isolation needs. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the wastewater of several scientific stations. In Antarctica, treated wastewater is discharged directly into the seawater. No studies currently address the recovery of infectious virus particles from treated wastewater, but their presence raises the risk of infecting wildlife and initiating new replication cycles. This study highlights the initial virus detection in wastewater from Antarctic stations, identifying viral RNA via RT-qPCR targeting various genomic regions. The virus's RNA was found in effluent from two wastewater plants at Maxwell Bay and O'Higgins Station on King George Island and the Antarctic Peninsula, respectively. This study explores the potential for the reverse zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to Antarctic wildlife due to the direct release of viral particles into seawater. The implications of such transmission underscore the need for continued vigilance and research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristóbal Galbán-Malagón
- GEMA, Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
- Anillo en Ciencia y Tecnología Antártica POLARIX, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Institute for Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Eduardo Castro-Nallar
- Anillo en Ciencia y Tecnología Antártica POLARIX, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Talca 3481118, Chile
- Centro de Ecología Integrativa, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Gonzalo P. Barriga
- Laboratorio de Virus Emergentes, Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Víctor Neira
- Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile;
| | - Lucas Krüger
- Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas 6200985, Chile;
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago 7750000, Chile
| | - Aiko D. Adell
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 9350841, Chile;
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance, MICROB-R, Santiago 7550000, Chile
| | - Jorge Olivares-Pacheco
- Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance, MICROB-R, Santiago 7550000, Chile
- Grupo de Resistencia Antimicrobiana en Bacterias Patógenas y Ambientales, GRABPA, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile
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Muñoz G, Mendieta V, Ulloa M, Agüero B, Torres CG, Kruger L, Neira V. Lack of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 in the South Shetland Islands in Antarctica, Early 2023. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1008. [PMID: 38612247 PMCID: PMC11011164 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In January 2023, an active surveillance initiative was undertaken in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, with the specific objective of ascertaining evidence for the presence of avian influenza, and specifically the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 (HPAIV H5N1). The investigation encompassed diverse locations, including Hanna Point (Livingston Island), Lions Rump (King George Island), and Base Escudero (King George Island), with targeted observations on marine mammals (southern elephant seals), flying birds (the kelp gull, snowy sheathbill and brown skua), and penguins (the chinstrap penguin and gentoo penguin). The study encompassed the examination of these sites for signs of mass mortality events possibly attributable to HPAIV H5N1, as well as sampling for influenza detection by means of real-time RT-PCR. Two hundred and seven (207) samples were collected, including 73 fecal samples obtained from the environment from marine mammals (predominantly feces of southern elephant seals), and 77 cloacal samples from penguins of the genus Pygoscelis (predominantly from the gentoo penguin). No evidence of mass mortality attributable to HPAIV H5N1 was observed, and all the collected samples tested negative for the presence of the virus, strongly suggesting the absence of the virus in the Antarctic territory during the specified period. This empirical evidence holds significant implications for both the ecological integrity of the region and the potential zoonotic threats, underscoring the importance of continued surveillance and monitoring in the Antarctic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Muñoz
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (G.M.); (V.M.); (B.A.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Vanessa Mendieta
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (G.M.); (V.M.); (B.A.)
| | - Mauricio Ulloa
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
- Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura, Valparaíso 2340159, Chile
| | - Belén Agüero
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (G.M.); (V.M.); (B.A.)
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Cristian G. Torres
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile;
| | - Lucas Kruger
- Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile;
- Millennium Institute of Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Ñuñoa 7750000, Chile
| | - Victor Neira
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile; (G.M.); (V.M.); (B.A.)
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Gomes F, Prado T, Degrave W, Moreira L, Magalhães M, Magdinier H, Vilela R, Siqueira M, Brandão M, Ogrzewalska M. Active surveillance for influenza virus and coronavirus infection in Antarctic birds and mammals in environmental fecal samples, South Shetland Islands. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20230741. [PMID: 38126386 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320230741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous Antarctic species are recognized as reservoirs for various pathogens, and their migratory behavior allows them to reach the Brazilian coast, potentially contributing to the emergence and circulation of new infectious diseases. To address the potential zoonotic risks, we conducted surveillance of influenza A virus (IAV) and coronaviruses (CoVs) in the Antarctic Peninsula, specifically focusing on different bird and mammal species in the region. During the summer of 2021/2022, as part of the Brazilian Antarctic Expedition, we collected and examined a total of 315 fecal samples to target these respiratory viruses. Although we did not detect the viruses of interest during this particular expedition, previous research conducted by our team has shown the presence of the H11N2 subtype of influenza A virus in penguin fecal samples from the same region. Given the continuous emergence of new viral strains worldwide, it is crucial to maintain active surveillance in the area, contributing to strengthening integrated One Health surveillance efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gomes
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos e Entéricos e Emergências Virais, Av. Brasil, 4365, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Prado
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos e Entéricos e Emergências Virais, Av. Brasil, 4365, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wim Degrave
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Genômica Aplicada e Bioinovação, Av. Brasil, 4365, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucas Moreira
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Micologia, Av. Brasil, 4365, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maithê Magalhães
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Genômica Aplicada e Bioinovação, Av. Brasil, 4365, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Harrison Magdinier
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada a Micobactérias, Av. Brasil, 4365, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto Vilela
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Av. Brasil, 4365, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marilda Siqueira
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos e Entéricos e Emergências Virais, Av. Brasil, 4365, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Martha Brandão
- Vice-Presidência de Produção e Inovação em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Ogrzewalska
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Exantemáticos e Entéricos e Emergências Virais, Av. Brasil, 4365, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Zamora G, Aguilar Pierlé S, Loncopan J, Araos L, Verdugo F, Rojas-Fuentes C, Krüger L, Gaggero A, Barriga GP. Scavengers as Prospective Sentinels of Viral Diversity: the Snowy Sheathbill Virome as a Potential Tool for Monitoring Virus Circulation, Lessons from Two Antarctic Expeditions. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0330222. [PMID: 37227283 PMCID: PMC10269608 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03302-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antarctica is a unique environment due to its extreme meteorological and geological conditions. In addition to this, its relative isolation from human influences has kept it undisturbed. This renders our limited understanding of its fauna and its associated microbial and viral communities a relevant knowledge gap to fill. This includes members of the order Charadriiformes such as snowy sheathbills. They are opportunistic predator/scavenger birds distributed on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands that are in frequent contact with other bird and mammal species. This makes them an interesting species for surveillance studies due to their high potential for the acquisition and transport of viruses. In this study, we performed whole-virome and targeted viral surveillance for coronaviruses, paramyxoviruses, and influenza viruses in snowy sheathbills from two locations, the Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland. Our results suggest the potential role of this species as a sentinel for this region. We highlight the discovery of two human viruses, a member of the genus Sapovirus GII and a gammaherpesvirus, and a virus previously described in marine mammals. Here, we provide insight into a complex ecological picture. These data highlight the surveillance opportunities provided by Antarctic scavenger birds. IMPORTANCE This article describes whole-virome and targeted viral surveillance for coronaviruses, paramyxoviruses, and influenza viruses in snowy sheathbills from the Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland. Our results suggest an important role of this species as a sentinel for this region. This species' RNA virome showcased a diversity of viruses likely tied to its interactions with assorted Antarctic fauna. We highlight the discovery of two viruses of likely human origin, one with an intestinal impact and another with oncogenic potential. Analysis of this data set detected a variety of viruses tied to various sources (from crustaceans to nonhuman mammals), depicting a complex viral landscape for this scavenger species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Zamora
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Johana Loncopan
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loreto Araos
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Verdugo
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Rojas-Fuentes
- Laboratory of Environmental Virology, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Programa Magister en Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lucas Krüger
- Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Fundación Instituto de Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos, Las Palmeras, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aldo Gaggero
- Laboratory of Environmental Virology, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo P. Barriga
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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de Seixas MMM, de Araújo J, Krauss S, Fabrizio T, Walker D, Ometto T, Matsumiya Thomazelli L, Vanstreels RET, Hurtado RF, Krüger L, Piuco R, Petry MV, Webster RG, Webby RJ, Lee DH, Chung DH, Ferreira HL, Durigon EL. H6N8 avian influenza virus in Antarctic seabirds demonstrates connectivity between South America and Antarctica. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e3436-e3446. [PMID: 36217218 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Wild aquatic birds are the natural reservoirs of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). It is estimated that 100 million seabirds live in the Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent islands, regularly encountering migratory birds that use the islands to nest. Between 2010 and 2013, we collected samples from 865 seabirds in Elephant, King George and Livingston islands, around Antarctica Peninsula: chinstrap penguin (n = 143); gentoo penguin (n = 208); Adelie penguin (n = 46); brown skua (n = 90); Cape petrel (n = 115) and southern giant petrel (n = 263). Serum (n = 673) samples were analysed by competitive ELISA and swabs (n = 614) were tested by one step real-time RT-PCR for avian influenza virus (AIV). Sera from 30 chinstrap penguins, 76 brown skuas and a single Adelie penguin were seropositive for AIV. Thirteen swab samples were AIV positive by RT-PCR, and complete genome sequences of H6N8 AIVs isolated from brown skua and chinstrap penguin in 2011 were obtained. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that all gene segments of the H6N8 viruses were closely related to Argentinian and Chilean AIVs. The prevalence with which we identified evidence for AIVs infection in various Antarctic seabirds suggest viral circulation in Antarctic avifauna and interspecies viral transmission in the sub-Antarctic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Maria Moraes de Seixas
- BSL3+ Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jansen de Araújo
- BSL3+ Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Scott Krauss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Thomas Fabrizio
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - David Walker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Tatiana Ometto
- BSL3+ Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Matsumiya Thomazelli
- BSL3+ Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ralph Eric Thijl Vanstreels
- Laboratory of Wildlife of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Ferreira Hurtado
- Laboratory of Wildlife of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Krüger
- Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Grupo de Trabajo en Ciencia para la Toma de Decisiones en Conservación de la Biodiversidad, Fundación Instituto Milénio de Biodiversidad de Ecosistemas Antárticos y Subantárticos (BASE), Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberta Piuco
- Laboratory of Ornithology and Marine Animals, University of the Sinos River Valley, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Virginia Petry
- Laboratory of Ornithology and Marine Animals, University of the Sinos River Valley, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Robert G Webster
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | | | - Helena Lage Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science & Food Engineering (FZEA-USP), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- BSL3+ Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Influenza A(H11N2) Virus Detection in Fecal Samples from Adélie ( Pygoscelis adeliae) and Chinstrap ( Pygoscelis antarcticus) Penguins, Penguin Island, Antarctica. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0142722. [PMID: 36121294 PMCID: PMC9603087 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01427-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses infect a range of host species, including a large variety of mammals and more than a hundred species of birds. A total of 95 avian fecal samples were collected from penguin colonies in the South Shetland Islands, close to the Antarctic Peninsula, and tested by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) to detect avian influenza viruses (AIVs). Five out of seven samples collected from Penguin Island were positive for AIVs. Analysis of the genomes recovered from four samples revealed the detection of influenza A(H11N2) virus in fecal samples from Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) and from a colony of chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarcticus). Bayesian phylogeographic analysis revealed the clustering of all currently available H11N2 samples from Antarctica's avifauna in a single cluster that emerged at least in the early 2010s, suggesting its continued circulation on the continent. Our results reinforce the need for continuous surveillance of avian influenza on the Antarctic continent. IMPORTANCE Although wild birds play a role in the transmission and ecology of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) across the globe, there are significant gaps in our understanding of the worldwide distribution of these viruses in polar environments. In this study, using molecular analysis and full-genome sequencing, we describe the detection of distinct influenza A(H11N2) viruses in fecal samples of penguins in the Southern Shetland Islands, Antarctica. We emphasize the need for virus monitoring as AIVs may have implications for the health of endemic fauna and the potential risk of the introduction of highly pathogenic AIVs to the continent.
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McBride DS, Lauterbach SE, Li YT, Smith GJD, Killian ML, Nolting JM, Su YCF, Bowman AS. Genomic Evidence for Sequestration of Influenza A Virus Lineages in Sea Duck Host Species. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020172. [PMID: 33498851 PMCID: PMC7911388 DOI: 10.3390/v13020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild birds are considered the natural reservoir of influenza A viruses (IAVs) making them critical for IAV surveillance efforts. While sea ducks have played a role in novel IAV emergence events that threatened food security and public health, very few surveillance samples have been collected from sea duck hosts. From 2014–2018, we conducted surveillance focused in the Mississippi flyway, USA at locations where sea duck harvest has been relatively successful compared to our other sampling locations. Our surveillance yielded 1662 samples from sea ducks, from which we recovered 77 IAV isolates. Our analyses identified persistence of sea duck specific IAV lineages across multiple years. We also recovered sea duck origin IAVs containing an H4 gene highly divergent from the majority of North American H4-HA with clade node age of over 65 years. Identification of IAVs with long branch lengths is indicative of substantial genomic change consistent with persistence without detection by surveillance efforts. Sea ducks play a role in the movement and long-term persistence of IAVs and are likely harboring more undetected IAV diversity. Sea ducks should be a point of emphasis for future North American wild bird IAV surveillance efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon S. McBride
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.S.M.); (S.E.L.); (J.M.N.)
| | - Sarah E. Lauterbach
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.S.M.); (S.E.L.); (J.M.N.)
| | - Yao-Tsun Li
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (Y.-T.L.); (G.J.D.S.); (Y.C.F.S.)
| | - Gavin J. D. Smith
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (Y.-T.L.); (G.J.D.S.); (Y.C.F.S.)
| | - Mary Lea Killian
- Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, APHIS, USDA, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA;
| | - Jacqueline M. Nolting
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.S.M.); (S.E.L.); (J.M.N.)
| | - Yvonne C. F. Su
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (Y.-T.L.); (G.J.D.S.); (Y.C.F.S.)
| | - Andrew S. Bowman
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (D.S.M.); (S.E.L.); (J.M.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(614)-292-6923; Fax: +1-(614)-292-4142
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SEROLOGICAL SURVEY FOR SELECT INFECTIOUS AGENTS IN WILD MAGELLANIC PENGUINS (SPHENISCUS MAGELLANICUS) IN ARGENTINA, 1994–2008. J Wildl Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.7589/2019-01-022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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de Souza WM, Fumagalli MJ, Martin MC, de Araujo J, Orsi MA, Sanfilippo LF, Modha S, Durigon EL, Proença-Módena JL, Arns CW, Murcia PR, Figueiredo LTM. Pingu virus: A new picornavirus in penguins from Antarctica. Virus Evol 2019; 5:vez047. [PMID: 31850147 PMCID: PMC6908804 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vez047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Picornaviridae family comprises single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses distributed into forty-seven genera. Picornaviruses have a broad host range and geographic distribution in all continents. In this study, we applied a high-throughput sequencing approach to examine the presence of picornaviruses in penguins from King George Island, Antarctica. We discovered and characterized a novel picornavirus from cloacal swab samples of gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua), which we tentatively named Pingu virus. Also, using RT-PCR we detected this virus in 12.9 per cent of cloacal swabs derived from P. papua, but not in samples from adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) or chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarcticus). Attempts to isolate the virus in a chicken cell line and in embryonated chicken eggs were unsuccessful. Our results expand the viral diversity, host range, and geographical distribution of the Picornaviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Marciel de Souza
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Marcílio Jorge Fumagalli
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Matheus Cavalheiro Martin
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas, SP, 13083-862 Brazil
| | - Jansen de Araujo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415 - Butantã, São Paulo - SP, 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Maria Angela Orsi
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas, SP, 13083-862 Brazil
| | - Luiz Francisco Sanfilippo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415 - Butantã, São Paulo - SP, 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Sejal Modha
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415 - Butantã, São Paulo - SP, 05508-900 Brazil
| | - José Luiz Proença-Módena
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas, SP, 13083-862 Brazil
| | - Clarice Weis Arns
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", Campinas, SP, 13083-862 Brazil
| | - Pablo Ramiro Murcia
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, 464 Bearsden Rd, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900 Brazil
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11
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Rimondi A, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, Olivera VS, Decarre J, Castresana GJ, Romano M, Nelson MI, van Bakel H, Pereda AJ, Ferreri L, Geiger G, Perez DR. Evidence of a fixed internal gene constellation in influenza A viruses isolated from wild birds in Argentina (2006-2016). Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:194. [PMID: 30482896 PMCID: PMC6258671 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Wild aquatic birds are the major reservoir of influenza A virus. Cloacal swabs and feces samples (n = 6595) were collected from 62 bird species in Argentina from 2006 to 2016 and screened for influenza A virus. Full genome sequencing of 15 influenza isolates from 6 waterfowl species revealed subtypes combinations that were previously described in South America (H1N1, H4N2, H4N6 (n = 3), H5N3, H6N2 (n = 4), and H10N7 (n = 2)), and new ones not previously identified in the region (H4N8, H7N7 and H7N9). Notably, the internal gene segments of all 15 Argentine isolates belonged to the South American lineage, showing a divergent evolution of these viruses in the Southern Hemisphere. Time-scaled phylogenies indicated that South American gene segments diverged between ~ 30 and ~ 140 years ago from the most closely related influenza lineages, which include the avian North American (PB1, HA, NA, MP, and NS-B) and Eurasian lineage (PB2), and the equine H3N8 lineage (PA, NP, and NS-A). Phylogenetic analyses of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase gene segments of the H4, H6, and N8 subtypes revealed recent introductions and reassortment between viruses from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres in the Americas. Remarkably and despite evidence of recent hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtype introductions, the phylogenetic composition of internal gene constellation of these influenza A viruses has remained unchanged. Considering the extended time and the number of sampled species of the current study, and the paucity of previously available data, our results contribute to a better understanding of the ecology and evolution of influenza virus in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Rimondi
- Instituto de Virologia CICVyA - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC25 (1712), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ana S Gonzalez-Reiche
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Valeria S Olivera
- Instituto de Virologia CICVyA - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC25 (1712), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Decarre
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos CIRN - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC25 (1712), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel J Castresana
- Dirección de Áreas Naturales Protegidas, Organismo Provincial para el Desarrollo Sostenible (O.P.D.S), Gobierno de la provincia de Buenos Aires, General Conesa, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Romano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Ambiente, Rosario (ECOSUR), Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Martha I Nelson
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ariel J Pereda
- Instituto de Virologia CICVyA - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC25 (1712), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Patobiología CICVyA - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC25 (1712), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Ferreri
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ginger Geiger
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Daniel R Perez
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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12
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Mena J, Brito B, Moreira R, Tadich T, González I, Cruces J, Ortega R, van Bakel H, Rathnasinghe R, Pizarro-Lucero J, Medina R, Neira V. Reemergence of H3N8 Equine Influenza A virus in Chile, 2018. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1408-1415. [PMID: 30054993 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A new outbreak of equine Influenza A virus (IAV) was reported in Chile in January 2018, 6 years after its last report in 2012. Equine IAV was detected by rtRT-PCR, followed by virus isolation and full genome sequencing. Genetic characterization of equine IAV classified the virus within clade 1 of the Florida sublineage. Although this is the same sublineage that caused an outbreak in Chile in 2012, the virus has a high similarity to other cocirculating viruses that were recently identified in Europe and Asia. The Chilean 2018 equine influenza (EI) outbreak was caused by an H3N8 strain circulating globally that spread through horse movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mena
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara Brito
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,The Ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruben Moreira
- Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Ministerio de Agricultura, Santiago de Chile, Chile.,Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tamara Tadich
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Igor González
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Cruces
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán - Concepción, Chile
| | - Rene Ortega
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán - Concepción, Chile
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Raveen Rathnasinghe
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Pizarro-Lucero
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael Medina
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York.,Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátrica, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Neira
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Multi-year serological evaluation of three viral agents in the Adélie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) on Ross Island, Antarctica. Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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14
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Yang WT, Yang GL, Zhao L, Jin YB, Jiang YL, Huang HB, Shi CW, Wang JZ, Wang G, Kang YH, Wang CF. Lactobacillus plantarum displaying conserved M2e and HA2 fusion antigens induces protection against influenza virus challenge. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5077-5088. [PMID: 29675804 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8924-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) can infect poultry, mammals, and other hosts and causes enormous economic losses to the global poultry industry. In this study, to develop a novel and potent oral vaccine based on Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) for controlling the spread of AIV in the poultry industry, we constructed a recombinant L. plantarum strain displaying the 3M2e-HA2 protein of the influenza virus and determined the effect of N/pgsA'-3M2e-HA2 against AIV in chicks. We first confirmed that the 3M2e-HA2 fusion protein was expressed on the surface of L. plantarum via flow cytometry and immunofluorescence experiments. Our experimental results demonstrated that chicks immunized with N/pgsA'-3M2e-HA2 could induce specific humoral, mucosal, and T cell-mediated immune responses, eliciting the host body to protect itself against AIV. Additionally, compared to oral administration, the intranasal immunization of chicks with N/pgsA'-3M2e-HA2 provided a stronger immune response, resulting in a potent protective effect that hindered the loss of body weight, decreasing pulmonary virus titers and reducing lung and throat pathological damages. Thus, our results indicate that our novel approach is an effective method of vaccine design to promote mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Gui-Lian Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yu-Bei Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yan-Long Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hai-Bin Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chun-Wei Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yuan-Huan Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118, China.
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15
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Ramos B, González-Acuña D, Loyola DE, Johnson WE, Parker PG, Massaro M, Dantas GPM, Miranda MD, Vianna JA. Landscape genomics: natural selection drives the evolution of mitogenome in penguins. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:53. [PMID: 29338715 PMCID: PMC5771141 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria play a key role in the balance of energy and heat production, and therefore the mitochondrial genome is under natural selection by environmental temperature and food availability, since starvation can generate more efficient coupling of energy production. However, selection over mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes has usually been evaluated at the population level. We sequenced by NGS 12 mitogenomes and with four published genomes, assessed genetic variation in ten penguin species distributed from the equator to Antarctica. Signatures of selection of 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes were evaluated by comparing among species within and among genera (Spheniscus, Pygoscelis, Eudyptula, Eudyptes and Aptenodytes). The genetic data were correlated with environmental data obtained through remote sensing (sea surface temperature [SST], chlorophyll levels [Chl] and a combination of SST and Chl [COM]) through the distribution of these species. Results We identified the complete mtDNA genomes of several penguin species, including ND6 and 8 tRNAs on the light strand and 12 protein coding genes, 14 tRNAs and two rRNAs positioned on the heavy strand. The highest diversity was found in NADH dehydrogenase genes and the lowest in COX genes. The lowest evolutionary divergence among species was between Humboldt (Spheniscus humboldti) and Galapagos (S. mendiculus) penguins (0.004), while the highest was observed between little penguin (Eudyptula minor) and Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) (0.097). We identified a signature of purifying selection (Ka/Ks < 1) across the mitochondrial genome, which is consistent with the hypothesis that purifying selection is constraining mitogenome evolution to maintain Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins and functionality. Pairwise species maximum-likelihood analyses of selection at codon sites suggest positive selection has occurred on ATP8 (Fixed-Effects Likelihood, FEL) and ND4 (Single Likelihood Ancestral Counting, SLAC) in all penguins. In contrast, COX1 had a signature of strong negative selection. ND4 Ka/Ks ratios were highly correlated with SST (Mantel, p-value: 0.0001; GLM, p-value: 0.00001) and thus may be related to climate adaptation throughout penguin speciation. Conclusions These results identify mtDNA candidate genes under selection which could be involved in broad-scale adaptations of penguins to their environment. Such knowledge may be particularly useful for developing predictive models of how these species may respond to severe climatic changes in the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4424-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ramos
- Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andrés Bello, Republica 252, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel González-Acuña
- Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Av. Vicente Méndez 595, 3780000, Chillán, CP, Chile
| | - David E Loyola
- Centro Nacional de Genómica y Bioinformática, Portugal 49, Santiago, Chile.,I+DEA Biotech, Av. Central 3413, Padre Hurtado, Santiago, Chile
| | - Warren E Johnson
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
| | - Patricia G Parker
- University of Missouri St Louis and Saint Louis Zoo, One University Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63121-4400, USA
| | - Melanie Massaro
- School of Environmental Sciences and Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 789, Albury, NSW, Australia
| | - Gisele P M Dantas
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Av. Dom José Gaspar 500, Coração Eucarístico, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo D Miranda
- Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juliana A Vianna
- Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Santiago, Chile. .,Centro de Cambio Global UC, Santiago, Chile.
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