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Gong H, Zhu C, Han D, Liu S. Secreted Glycoproteins That Regulate Synaptic Function: the Dispatchers in the Central Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2719-2727. [PMID: 37924485 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03731-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycoproteins are proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains. As widely distributed functional proteins in the body, glycoproteins are essential for cellular development, cellular function maintenance, and intercellular communication. Glycoproteins not only play a role in the cell and the membrane, but they are also secreted in the intercell. These secreted glycoproteins are critical to the central nervous system for neurodevelopment and synaptic transmission. More specifically, secreted glycoproteins play indispensable roles in neurite growth mediation, axon guiding, synaptogenesis, neuronal differentiation, the release of synaptic vesicles, subunit composition of neurotransmitter receptors, and neurotransmitter receptor trafficking among other things. Abnormal expressions of secreted glycoproteins in the central nervous system are associated with abnormal neuron development, impaired synaptic organization/transmission, and neuropsychiatric disorders. This article reviews the secreted glycoproteins that regulate neuronal development and synaptic function in the central nervous system, and the molecular mechanism of these regulations, providing reference for research about synaptic function regulation and related central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Gong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Conglei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Di Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Sen Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Wojtas AM, Dammer EB, Guo Q, Ping L, Shantaraman A, Duong DM, Yin L, Fox EJ, Seifar F, Lee EB, Johnson ECB, Lah JJ, Levey AI, Levites Y, Rangaraju S, Golde TE, Seyfried NT. Proteomic Changes in the Human Cerebrovasculature in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Tauopathies Linked to Peripheral Biomarkers in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.10.24301099. [PMID: 38260316 PMCID: PMC10802758 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.24301099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the neurovascular unit stands as a significant pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, detecting vascular changes in the brain within bulk tissues has proven challenging, limiting our ability to characterize proteomic alterations from less abundant cell types. To address this challenge, we conducted quantitative proteomic analyses on both bulk brain tissues and cerebrovascular-enriched fractions from the same individuals, encompassing cognitively unimpaired control, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and AD cases. Protein co-expression network analysis identified modules unique to the cerebrovascular fractions, specifically enriched with pericytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. Many of these modules also exhibited significant correlations with amyloid plaques, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), and/or tau pathology in the brain. Notably, the protein products within AD genetic risk loci were found concentrated within modules unique to the vascular fractions, consistent with a role of cerebrovascular deficits in the etiology of AD. To prioritize peripheral AD biomarkers associated with vascular dysfunction, we assessed the overlap between differentially abundant proteins in AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma with a vascular-enriched network modules in the brain. This analysis highlighted matrisome proteins, SMOC1 and SMOC2, as being increased in CSF, plasma, and brain. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed SMOC1 deposition in both parenchymal plaques and CAA in the AD brain, whereas SMOC2 was predominantly localized to CAA. Collectively, these findings significantly enhance our understanding of the involvement of cerebrovascular abnormalities in AD, shedding light on potential biomarkers and molecular pathways associated with CAA and vascular dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M. Wojtas
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric B. Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lingyan Ping
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ananth Shantaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Duc M. Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luming Yin
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Edward J. Fox
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fatemeh Seifar
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Edward B. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Erik C. B. Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James J. Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Allan I. Levey
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yona Levites
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Srikant Rangaraju
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Todd E. Golde
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicholas T. Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Zellner A, Müller SA, Lindner B, Beaufort N, Rozemuller AJM, Arzberger T, Gassen NC, Lichtenthaler SF, Kuster B, Haffner C, Dichgans M. Proteomic profiling in cerebral amyloid angiopathy reveals an overlap with CADASIL highlighting accumulation of HTRA1 and its substrates. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:6. [PMID: 35074002 PMCID: PMC8785498 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is an age-related condition and a major cause of intracerebral hemorrhage and cognitive decline that shows close links with Alzheimer's disease (AD). CAA is characterized by the aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and formation of Aβ deposits in the brain vasculature resulting in a disruption of the angioarchitecture. Capillaries are a critical site of Aβ pathology in CAA type 1 and become dysfunctional during disease progression. Here, applying an advanced protocol for the isolation of parenchymal microvessels from post-mortem brain tissue combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we determined the proteomes of CAA type 1 cases (n = 12) including a patient with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis-Dutch type (HCHWA-D), and of AD cases without microvascular amyloid pathology (n = 13) in comparison to neurologically healthy controls (n = 12). ELISA measurements revealed microvascular Aβ1-40 levels to be exclusively enriched in CAA samples (mean: > 3000-fold compared to controls). The proteomic profile of CAA type 1 was characterized by massive enrichment of multiple predominantly secreted proteins and showed significant overlap with the recently reported brain microvascular proteome of patients with cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), a hereditary cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) characterized by the aggregation of the Notch3 extracellular domain. We found this overlap to be largely attributable to the accumulation of high-temperature requirement protein A1 (HTRA1), a serine protease with an established role in the brain vasculature, and several of its substrates. Notably, this signature was not present in AD cases. We further show that HTRA1 co-localizes with Aβ deposits in brain capillaries from CAA type 1 patients indicating a pathologic recruitment process. Together, these findings suggest a central role of HTRA1-dependent protein homeostasis in the CAA microvasculature and a molecular connection between multiple types of brain microvascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zellner
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Lindner
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie Beaufort
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nils C Gassen
- Research Group Neurohomeostasis, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Christof Haffner
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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Zhang L, Qi Z, Li J, Li M, Du X, Wang S, Zhou G, Xu B, Liu W, Xi S, Xu Z, Deng Y. Roles and Mechanisms of Axon-Guidance Molecules in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3290-3307. [PMID: 33675023 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by progressive memory decline and cognitive dysfunctions. Although the causes of AD have not yet been established, many mechanisms have been proposed. Axon-guidance molecules play the roles in the occurrence and development of AD by participating in different mechanisms. Therefore, what roles do axon-guidance molecules play in AD? This study aimed at elucidating how axon-guidance molecules Netrins, Slits, Semaphorins, and Ephrins regulate the levels of Aβ, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, Reelin, and other ways through different signaling pathways, in order to show the roles of axon-guidance molecules in the occurrence and development of AD. And it is hoped that this study can provide a theoretical basis and new perspectives in the search for new therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhipeng Qi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiashuo Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xianchao Du
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuhua Xi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhaofa Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
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Huang G, Wang S, Yan J, Li C, Feng J, Chen Q, Zheng X, Li H, He Y, Young AJ, Li H, Li W, Li J, Wang L. Depression-/Anxiety-Like Behavior Alterations in Adult Slit2 Transgenic Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 14:622257. [PMID: 33613201 PMCID: PMC7892588 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.622257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Slit2 is a member of the Slit family of secreted glycoproteins that plays highly conserved roles in neuronal axon guidance and cellular migration. Our previous experimental results showed Alzheimer's disease-like alterations and increased permeability of the blood–brain barrier in Slit2-overexpressing transgenic (Slit2-Tg) mice aged 8–9 months. Nevertheless, relatively little is known about behavioral alterations in adult Slit2-Tg mice (2–6 months of age). To observe the age-related behavioral effects of Slit2 overexpression in adult mice, we performed a battery of behavioral tests with adult Slit2-Tg mice at 2–6 months of age. Results: The body weight of Slit2-Tg mice was lower than that of the wild-type mice from 15 weeks of age. Compared with the control mice, depression-like behaviors were found in Slit2-Tg mice from 15 to 21 weeks of age in the sucrose preference test, although Slit2-Tg mice were hyperactive in the tail suspension test. The anxiety-like behaviors were found in Slit2-Tg mice in the open field test, as well as increased locomotor activity. The anxiety-like behaviors were also found in adult Slit2-Tg mice in the elevated plus maze. Compared to wild-type mice at 23 weeks old, impairment of the hippocampal neurons were found in Slit2-Tg mice at the same age in hematoxylin–eosin staining (H&E), including some eccentric dispersion and expansion of neuronal bodies. In addition, the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of TNF-α was elevated in the hippocampus of adult Slit2-Tg mice. Conclusions: Slit2 overexpression causes depression-/anxiety-like behaviors in adult mice that may be related to an increase in inflammatory factors and damage to hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Huang
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changxi Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwen Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Communication, Guangdong University of Finance & Economics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajun He
- Department of Pathology, Bao'an People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Haobin Li
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Li
- School of Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangchao Li
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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He XF, Li G, Li LL, Li MY, Liang FY, Chen X, Hu XQ. Overexpression of Slit2 decreases neuronal excitotoxicity, accelerates glymphatic clearance, and improves cognition in a multiple microinfarcts model. Mol Brain 2020; 13:135. [PMID: 33028376 PMCID: PMC7542754 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral microinfarcts (MIs) lead to progressive cognitive impairments in the elderly, and there is currently no effective preventative strategy due to uncertainty about the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. One possibility is the dysfunction of GABAergic transmission and ensuing excitotoxicity. Dysfunction of GABAergic transmission induces excitotoxicity, which contributes to stroke pathology, but the mechanism has kept unknown. The secreted leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family protein slit homologue 2 (Slit2) upregulates GABAergic activity and protects against global cerebral ischemia, but the neuroprotective efficacy of Slit2 against MIs has not been examined. Methods Middle-aged Wild type (WT) and Slit2-Tg mice were divided into sham and MI treatment groups. MIs were induced in parietal cortex by laser-evoked arteriole occlusion. Spatial memory was then compared between sham and MI groups using the Morris water maze (MWM) task. In addition, neuronal activity, blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and glymphatic clearance in peri-infarct areas were compared using two-photon imaging, while GABAergic transmission, microglial activation, neuronal loss, and altered cortical connectivity were compared by immunofluorescent staining or western blotting. Results Microinfarcts increased the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous intracellular Ca2+ signals, reduced neuronal survival and connectivity within parietal cortex, decreased the number of GABAergic interneurons and expression of vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT), induced neuroinflammation, and impaired both glymphatic clearance and spatial memory. Alternatively, Slit2 overexpression attenuated dysfunctional neuronal Ca2+ signaling, protected against neuronal death in the peri-infarct area as well as loss of parietal cortex connectivity, increased GABAergic interneuron number and VGAT expression, attenuated neuroinflammation, and improved both glymphatic clearance and spatial memory. Conclusion Our results strongly suggest that overexpression of Slit2 protected against the dysfunction in MIs, which is a potential therapeutic target for cognition impairment in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ge Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, 510663, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Li Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming-Yue Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng-Yin Liang
- Department of Neurology, National Key clinical department and Key discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xi-Quan Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Elibol B, Beker M, Jakubowska-Dogru E, Kilic U. Fetal alcohol and maternal stress modify the expression of proteins controlling postnatal development of the male rat hippocampus. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2020; 46:718-730. [PMID: 32915069 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2020.1780601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Developing brains can partially get over prenatal alcohol exposure-related detrimental conditions by activating some mechanisms involved in survival. Objectives: This study aimed to shed light on the molecular correlates of compensatory mechanisms by examining temporal profiles in the expression of proteins controlling postnatal development in the rat hippocampus prenatally exposed to intubation stress/ethanol. Methods: Male pups were randomly assigned to age subgroups (n = 21/age) which were sacrificed on postnatal day (PD)1, PD10, PD30, and PD60. Ethanol (6 g/kg/day) were intragastrically intubated to the dams throughout 7-21 gestation days. The expression of neurogenesis and angiogenesis markers, extracellular matrix proteins, and growth-promoting ligands were examined by western blot. Results: The most rapid increase in the index of neuronal maturation was noted between PD10-PD30 (p < .05). Prenatal stress caused a decrease of neurogenesis markers at birth and an increase of their expressions at PD10 and PD30 to reach control levels (p < .001). The impact of fetal-alcohol was observed as a decrease in the expression of synaptic plasticity protein versican at birth (p < .001), an increase in the synaptic repulsion protein ephrin-B2 at PD10 (p < .001), and a decrease in the maturation of BDNF at PD30 (p < .001) with a decrease in the mature neuron markers at PD30 (p < .001) and PD60 (p = .005) which were compensated with upregulation of angiogenesis and increasing brevican expression, a neuronal maturation protein (p < .001). Conclusion: These data provide in vivo evidence for the potential therapeutic factors related to neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and neurite remodeling which may tolerate the alcohol/stress dependent teratogenicity in the developing hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birsen Elibol
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Beker
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University , Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ewa Jakubowska-Dogru
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Arts, Middle East Technical University , Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ulkan Kilic
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences , Istanbul, Turkey
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Sherchan P, Travis ZD, Tang J, Zhang JH. The potential of Slit2 as a therapeutic target for central nervous system disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:805-818. [PMID: 32378435 PMCID: PMC7529836 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1766445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Slit2 is an extracellular matrix protein that regulates migration of developing axons during central nervous system (CNS) development. Roundabout (Robo) receptors expressed by various cell types in the CNS, mediate intracellular signal transduction pathways for Slit2. Recent studies indicate that Slit2 plays important protective roles in a myriad of processes such as cell migration, immune response, vascular permeability, and angiogenesis in CNS pathologies. Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the diverse functions of Slit2 in CNS disorders and discusses the potential of Slit2 as a therapeutic target. We reviewed preclinical studies reporting the role of Slit2 in various CNS disease models, transgenic animal research, and rodent models that utilized Slit2 as a therapy. Expert opinion: Slit2 exerts a wide array of beneficial effects ranging from anti-migration, blood-brain barrier (BBB) protection, inhibition of peripheral immune cell infiltration, and anti-apoptosis in various disease models. However, a dual role of Slit2 in endothelial permeability has been observed in transgenic animals. Further research on Slit2 will be crucial including key issues such as effects of transgenic overexpression versus exogenous Slit2, function of Slit2 dependent on cellular expression of Robo receptors and the underlying pathology for potential clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prativa Sherchan
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Zachary D. Travis
- Department of Earth and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA and Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - John H. Zhang
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery and Neurology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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Artemether Activation of AMPK/GSK3 β(ser9)/Nrf2 Signaling Confers Neuroprotection towards β-Amyloid-Induced Neurotoxicity in 3xTg Alzheimer's Mouse Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1862437. [PMID: 31871541 PMCID: PMC6907052 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1862437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a severe neurodegenerative disease. Multiple factors involving neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid-β plaques lead to the progression of the AD, generated by aggregated hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. Inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress play a significant role in the progression of AD. It has been therefore suggested that the multifactorial nature of AD pathogenesis requires the design of antioxidant drugs with a broad spectrum of neuroprotective activities. For this reason, the use of natural products, characterized by multiple pharmacological properties is advantageous as AD-modifying drugs over the single-targeted chemicals. Artemether, a peroxide sesquiterpenoid lipid-soluble compound, has been used in the clinic as an antimalarial drug. Also, it exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Here, we report the neuroprotective effects of Artemether towards Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in neuronal cell cultures. A temporal correlation was found between Artemether neuroprotection towards Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and AMPK/GSK3β phosphorylation activity and increased expression of the activated Nrf2 signaling pathway. In 3xTg-AD mice, Artemether attenuated learning and memory deficits, inhibited cortical neuronal apoptosis and glial activation, inhibited oxidative stress through decrease of lipid peroxidation and increased expression of SOD, and reduced Aβ deposition and tau protein phosphorylation. Moreover, in 3xTg-AD mice, Artemether induced phosphorylation of the AMPK/GSK3β pathway which activated Nrf2, increasing the level of antioxidant protein HO-1. These activities probably produced the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects responsible for the neuroprotective effects of Artemether in the 3xTg-AD mouse model. These findings propose Artemether as a new drug for the treatment of AD disease.
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10
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Ryu J, Lee C. Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Two Nucleotide Variants Associated with Educational Attainment in Koreans. RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419090138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Beamish IV, Hinck L, Kennedy TE. Making Connections: Guidance Cues and Receptors at Nonneural Cell-Cell Junctions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:a029165. [PMID: 28847900 PMCID: PMC6211390 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of axon guidance was revolutionized over the past three decades by the identification of highly conserved families of guidance cues and receptors. These proteins are essential for normal neural development and function, directing cell and axon migration, neuron-glial interactions, and synapse formation and plasticity. Many of these genes are also expressed outside the nervous system in which they influence cell migration, adhesion and proliferation. Because the nervous system develops from neural epithelium, it is perhaps not surprising that these guidance cues have significant nonneural roles in governing the specialized junctional connections between cells in polarized epithelia. The following review addresses roles for ephrins, semaphorins, netrins, slits and their receptors in regulating adherens, tight, and gap junctions in nonneural epithelia and endothelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian V Beamish
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Lindsay Hinck
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Timothy E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
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12
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Li G, He X, Li H, Wu Y, Guan Y, Liu S, Jia H, Li Y, Wang L, Huang R, Pei Z, Lan Y, Zhang Y. Overexpression of Slit2 improves function of the paravascular pathway in the aging mouse brain. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1935-1944. [PMID: 30085336 PMCID: PMC6108881 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with impairment of the paravascular pathway caused by the activation of astrocytes and depolarization of protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels, resulting in the accumulation of protein waste, including amyloid β (Aβ), in the brain parenchyma. The secreted glycoprotein slit guidance ligand 2 (Slit2) is important in regulating the function of the central nervous system and inflammatory response process. In the present study, 15-month-old Slit2 overexpression transgenic mice (Slit2-Tg mice) and two-photon fluorescence microscopy were used to evaluate the dynamic clearance of the paravascular pathway and the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The reactivity of astrocytes, polarity of AQP4 and deposition of Aβ in the brain parenchyma were analyzed by immunofluorescence. A Morris water maze test was used to examine the effect of Slit2 on spatial memory cognition in aging mice. It was found that the overexpression of Slit2 improved the clearance of the paravascular pathway by inhibiting astrocyte activation and maintaining AQP4 polarity on the astrocytic endfeet in Slit2-Tg mice. In addition, Slit2 restored the disruption of the BBB caused by aging. The accumulation of Aβ was significantly reduced in the brain of Slit2-Tg mice. Furthermore, the water maze experiment showed that Slit2 improved spatial memory cognition in the aging mice. These results indicated that Slit2 may have the potential to be used in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei He
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
| | - Yu'e Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
| | - Yalun Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
| | - Shuhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
| | - Huanhuan Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ren Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yue Lan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510663, P.R. China
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Zhang H, Zhang S, Zhang J, Liu D, Wei J, Fang W, Zhao W, Chen Y, Shang D. ZO-1 expression is suppressed by GM-CSF via miR-96/ERG in brain microvascular endothelial cells. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:809-822. [PMID: 28430012 PMCID: PMC5987931 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17702668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The level of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) increases in some disorders such as vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. We previously reported that in Alzheimer's disease patients, a high level of GM-CSF in the brain parenchyma downregulated expression of ZO-1, a blood-brain barrier tight junction protein, and facilitated the infiltration of peripheral monocytes across the blood-brain barrier. However, the molecular mechanism underlying regulation of ZO-1 expression by GM-CSF is unclear. Herein, we found that the erythroblast transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factor ERG cooperated with the proto-oncogene protein c-MYC in regulation of ZO-1 transcription in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). The ERG expression was suppressed by miR-96 which was increased by GM-CSF through the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Inhibition of miR-96 prevented ZO-1 down-regulation induced by GM-CSF both in vitro and in vivo. Our results revealed the mechanism of ZO-1 expression reduced by GM-CSF, and provided a potential target, miR-96, which could block ZO-1 down-regulation caused by GM-CSF in BMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Cell Biology Division, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Cell Biology Division, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Jilin Zhang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Cell Biology Division, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Dongxin Liu
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Cell Biology Division, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Jiayi Wei
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Cell Biology Division, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Wengang Fang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Cell Biology Division, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Weidong Zhao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Cell Biology Division, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Cell Biology Division, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Deshu Shang
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Cell Biology Division, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
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14
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Gorlé N, Blaecher C, Bauwens E, Vandendriessche C, Balusu S, Vandewalle J, Van Cauwenberghe C, Van Wonterghem E, Van Imschoot G, Liu C, Ducatelle R, Libert C, Haesebrouck F, Smet A, Vandenbroucke RE. The choroid plexus epithelium as a novel player in the stomach-brain axis during Helicobacter infection. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:35-47. [PMID: 29258921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest a link between shifts in gut microbiota and neurological disorders. Recently, we reported a high prevalence of Helicobacter suis (H. suis) in patients with Parkinson's disease. Here, we evaluated the effect of gastric H. suis infection on the brain in mice. One month of infection with H. suis resulted in increased brain inflammation, reflected in activation of microglia and cognitive decline. Additionally, we detected choroid plexus inflammation and disruption of the epithelial blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier upon H. suis infection, while the endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB) remained functional. These changes were accompanied by leakage of the gastrointestinal barrier and low-grade systemic inflammation, suggesting that H. suis-evoked gastrointestinal permeability and subsequent peripheral inflammation induces changes in brain homeostasis via changes in blood-CSF barrier integrity. In conclusion, this study shows for the first time that H. suis infection induces inflammation in the brain associated with cognitive decline and that the choroid plexus is a novel player in the stomach-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gorlé
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Blaecher
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - E Bauwens
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - C Vandendriessche
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Balusu
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Vandewalle
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Van Cauwenberghe
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - E Van Wonterghem
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - G Van Imschoot
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Liu
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - R Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - C Libert
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - F Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Smet
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - R E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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15
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Li J, Zhang X, Liu Q, Yang M, Zhou Z, Ye Y, Zhou Z, He X, Wang L. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells accumulate among myeloid cells contributing to tumor growth in matrix metalloproteinase 12 knockout mice. Cell Immunol 2017; 327:1-12. [PMID: 29555056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are found frequently in patients and mice bearing tumors, which derived from immature myeloid cells. In healthy individuals, immature myeloid cells formed in the bone marrow differentiating to dendritic cells, macrophages and neutrophils. However, it is unclear whether some gene deficiency will lead to MDSCs accumulation in mice without bearing tumor. Here, we observed that MDSCs accumulated in the bone marrow of matrix metalloproteinase 12 knockout mice (MMP12-/- mice) compared with wild type mice (MMP12+/+ mice). And the number of CD4+ cells dramatically decreased, regulatory T cells was up-regulation and MDSCs function were determined. The results suggested that immune surveillance have been impaired in MMP12-/- transgenic mice. After intravenous administration of B16 murine melanoma cells, MMP12-/- mice developed more metastatic pulmonary nodules than MMP12+/+ mice. Meanwhile, more MDSCs appeared in the tumors of MMP12-/- mice compared with those of MMP12+/+ mice. Mechanistically, we performed a MDSC blocking assay, finding that blockade of MDSCs resulted in reducing growth of tumors in MMP12-/- mice. Furthermore, we ascertained that macrophages in MMP12-/- mice abundantly secrete IL-1β in bone marrow which induce the accumulation of MDSCs in the bone marrow. Together, these results demonstrated that the macrophages in MMP12-/- mice could crosstalk with myeloid cells through IL-1β, inducing MDSCs accumulation, then contributing to tumor growth. It has revealed that the critical roles of macrophage in myeloid cells differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangchao Li
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mingming Yang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zijun Zhou
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuxiang Ye
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zeqi Zhou
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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16
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Song J, Choi SM, Whitcomb DJ, Kim BC. Adiponectin controls the apoptosis and the expression of tight junction proteins in brain endothelial cells through AdipoR1 under beta amyloid toxicity. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3102. [PMID: 29022894 PMCID: PMC5682657 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by excessive beta amyloid (Aβ) deposition in brain, leading to blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption. The mechanisms of BBB disruption in AD are still unclear, despite considerable research. The adipokine adiponectin is known to regulate various metabolic functions and reduce inflammation. Though adiponectin receptors have been reported in the brain, its role in the central nervous system has not been fully characterized. In the present study, we investigate whether adiponectin contributes to the tight junction integrity and cell death of brain endothelial cells under Aβ-induced toxicity conditions. We measured the expression of adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) and the alteration of tight junction proteins in in vivo 5xFAD mouse brain. Moreover, we examined the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the loss of tight junction proteins such as Claudin 5, ZO-1, and inflammatory signaling in in vitro brain endothelial cells (bEnd.3 cells) under Aβ toxicity. Our results showed that Acrp30 (a globular form of adiponectin) reduces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and the expression of RAGE as Aβ transporters into brain. Moreover, we found that Acrp 30 attenuated the apoptosis and the tight junction disruption through AdipoR1-mediated NF-κB pathway in Aβ-exposed bEnd.3 cells. Thus, we suggest that adiponectin is an attractive therapeutic target for treating BBB breakdown in AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, South Korea.,Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, South Korea
| | - Seong-Min Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, South Korea
| | - Daniel J Whitcomb
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Healthy Sciences, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Byeong C Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, South Korea
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17
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Adriani G, Ma D, Pavesi A, Goh ELK, Kamm RD. Modeling the Blood-Brain Barrier in a 3D triple co-culture microfluidic system. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2015:338-41. [PMID: 26736268 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7318368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The need for a blood-brain barrier (BBB) model that accurately mimics the physiological characteristics of the in-vivo situation is well-recognized by researchers in academia and industry. However, there is currently no in-vitro model allowing studies of neuronal growth and/or function influenced by factors from the blood that cross through the BBB. Therefore, we established a 3D triple co-culture microfluidic system using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) together with primary rat astrocytes and neurons. Immunostaining confirmed the successful triple co-culture system consisting of an intact BBB with tight intercellular junctions in the endothelial monolayer. The BBB selective permeability was determined by a fluorescent-based assay using dextrans of different molecular weights. Finally, neuron functionality was demonstrated by calcium imaging.
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18
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Wu MF, Liao CY, Wang LY, Chang JT. The role of Slit-Robo signaling in the regulation of tissue barriers. Tissue Barriers 2017; 5:e1331155. [PMID: 28598714 PMCID: PMC5501134 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1331155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of Slit/Robo signaling has extended from initial axon repulsion in the developing nervous system to organ morphogenesis, cancer development and angiogenesis. Slit/Robo signaling regulates similar pathways within these processes. Slit/Robo ensures the homeostasis of the dynamic interaction between cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The dysregulation of Slit/Robo signaling damages the tissue barrier, resulting in developmental abnormalities or disease. Here, we summarize how Slit/Robo controls kidney morphogenesis and describe the dual roles of Slit/Robo signaling in the regulation of tumorigenesis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fang Wu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Divisions of Medical Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Chen-Yi Liao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Ling-Yi Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Jinghua Tsai Chang
- Divisions of Medical Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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19
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Varma VR, Varma S, An Y, Hohman TJ, Seddighi S, Casanova R, Beri A, Dammer EB, Seyfried NT, Pletnikova O, Moghekar A, Wilson MR, Lah JJ, O’Brien RJ, Levey AI, Troncoso JC, Albert MS, Thambisetty M. Alpha-2 macroglobulin in Alzheimer's disease: a marker of neuronal injury through the RCAN1 pathway. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:13-23. [PMID: 27872486 PMCID: PMC5726508 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical changes that precede the onset of symptoms and eventual diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are a target for potential preventive interventions. A large body of evidence suggests that inflammation is closely associated with AD pathogenesis and may be a promising target pathway for such interventions. However, little is known about the association between systemic inflammation and preclinical AD pathophysiology. We first examined whether the acute-phase protein, alpha-2 macroglobulin (A2M), a major component of the innate immune system, was associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of neuronal injury in preclinical AD and risk of incident AD in the predictors of cognitive decline among normal individuals (BIOCARD) cohort. We find that A2M concentration in blood is significantly associated with CSF concentrations of the neuronal injury markers, tau and phosphorylated tau, and that higher baseline serum A2M concentration is associated with an almost threefold greater risk of progression to clinical symptoms of AD in men. These findings were replicated in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging (ADNI) study. Then, utilizing a systems level approach combining large multi-tissue gene expression datasets with mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses of brain tissue, we identified an A2M gene network that includes regulator of calcineurin (RCAN1), an inhibitor of calcineurin, a well-characterized tau phosphatase. A2M gene and protein expression in the brain were significantly associated with gene and protein expression levels of calcineurin. Collectively these novel findings suggest that A2M is associated with preclinical AD, reflects early neuronal injury in the disease course and may be responsive to tau phosphorylation in the brain through the RCAN1-calcineurin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- VR Varma
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Varma
- HiThru Analytics, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Y An
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - TJ Hohman
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - S Seddighi
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R Casanova
- Department of Biostatistical Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - A Beri
- Laboratory of Informatics Development (BTRIS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - EB Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - NT Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - O Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - MR Wilson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - JJ Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - RJ O’Brien
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - AI Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - JC Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - MS Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Thambisetty
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Unit, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
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Transgenic over-expression of slit2 enhances disruption of blood-brain barrier and increases cell death after traumatic brain injury in mice. Neurosci Lett 2016; 631:85-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Park JH, Pak HJ, Riew TR, Shin YJ, Lee MY. Increased expression of Slit2 and its receptors Robo1 and Robo4 in reactive astrocytes of the rat hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia. Brain Res 2016; 1634:45-56. [PMID: 26764532 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Slit2 is a secreted glycoprotein that was originally identified as a chemorepulsive factor in the developing brain; however, it was recently reported that Slit2 is associated with adult neuronal function including a variety of pathophysiological processes. To elucidate whether Slit2 is implicated in the pathophysiology of ischemic injury, we investigated the temporal changes and cellular localization of Slit2 and its predominant receptors, Robo1 and Robo4, for 28 days after transient forebrain ischemia. Slit2 and its receptors had similar overall expression patterns in the control and ischemic hippocampi. The ligand and receptors were constitutively expressed in hippocampal neurons in control animals; however, in animals with ischemic injury, their upregulation was detected in reactive astrocytes, but not in neurons or activated microglia, in the CA1 region. Astroglial induction of Slit2 and its receptors occurred by day 3 after reperfusion, and appeared to increase progressively until the final time point on day 28. Their temporal expression patterns overlapped with the time period in which reactive astrocytes undergo dynamic structural changes and appear hypertrophic in the ischemic hippocampus. The immunohistochemical data were consistent with the results of the immunoblot analyses, indicating that the expression of Slit2 and Robo increased progressively over the relatively long period of 28 days examined here. Collectively, these results suggest that Slit2/Robo signaling may be involved in regulating the astroglial reaction via autocrine or paracrine mechanisms in post-ischemic processes. Moreover, this may contribute to the dynamic morphological changes that occur in astrocytes in response to ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hee Park
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 137-701 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Jin Pak
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 137-701 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ryong Riew
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 137-701 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 137-701 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Yong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Neuroscience Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 137-701 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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22
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23
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Sweeney MD, Sagare AP, Zlokovic BV. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neurovascular dysfunction in mild dementia and Alzheimer's disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:1055-68. [PMID: 25899298 PMCID: PMC4640280 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of age-related dementias. In addition to genetics, environment, and lifestyle, growing evidence supports vascular contributions to dementias including dementia because of AD. Alzheimer's disease affects multiple cell types within the neurovascular unit (NVU), including brain vascular cells (endothelial cells, pericytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells), glial cells (astrocytes and microglia), and neurons. Thus, identifying and integrating biomarkers of the NVU cell-specific responses and injury with established AD biomarkers, amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau, has a potential to contribute to better understanding of the disease process in dementias including AD. Here, we discuss the existing literature on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of the NVU cell-specific responses during early stages of dementia and AD. We suggest that the clinical usefulness of established AD biomarkers, Aβ and tau, could be further improved by developing an algorithm that will incorporate biomarkers of the NVU cell-specific responses and injury. Such biomarker algorithm could aid in early detection and intervention as well as identify novel treatment targets to delay disease onset, slow progression, and/or prevent AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D Sweeney
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Abhay P Sagare
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Berislav V Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Canobbio I, Abubaker AA, Visconte C, Torti M, Pula G. Role of amyloid peptides in vascular dysfunction and platelet dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:65. [PMID: 25784858 PMCID: PMC4347625 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative cause of dementia in the elderly. AD is accompanied by the accumulation of amyloid peptides in the brain parenchyma and in the cerebral vessels. The sporadic form of AD accounts for about 95% of all cases. It is characterized by a late onset, typically after the age of 65, with a complex and still poorly understood aetiology. Several observations point towards a central role of cerebrovascular dysfunction in the onset of sporadic AD (SAD). According to the "vascular hypothesis", AD may be initiated by vascular dysfunctions that precede and promote the neurodegenerative process. In accordance to this, AD patients show increased hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke risks. It is now clear that multiple bidirectional connections exist between AD and cerebrovascular disease, and in this new scenario, the effect of amyloid peptides on vascular cells and blood platelets appear to be central to AD. In this review, we analyze the effect of amyloid peptides on vascular function and platelet activation and its contribution to the cerebrovascular pathology associated with AD and the progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Aisha Alsheikh Abubaker
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Caterina Visconte
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Torti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Giordano Pula
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia Pavia, Italy
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