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Chen KS, Noureldein MH, McGinley LM, Hayes JM, Rigan DM, Kwentus JF, Mason SN, Mendelson FE, Savelieff MG, Feldman EL. Human neural stem cells restore spatial memory in a transgenic Alzheimer's disease mouse model by an immunomodulating mechanism. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1306004. [PMID: 38155736 PMCID: PMC10753006 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1306004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stem cells are a promising therapeutic in Alzheimer's disease (AD) given the complex pathophysiologic pathways involved. However, the therapeutic mechanisms of stem cells remain unclear. Here, we used spatial transcriptomics to elucidate therapeutic mechanisms of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) in an animal model of AD. Methods hNSCs were transplanted into the fimbria fornix of the hippocampus using the 5XFAD mouse model. Spatial memory was assessed by Morris water maze. Amyloid plaque burden was quantified. Spatial transcriptomics was performed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified both globally and within the hippocampus. Subsequent pathway enrichment and ligand-receptor network analysis was performed. Results hNSC transplantation restored learning curves of 5XFAD mice. However, there were no changes in amyloid plaque burden. Spatial transcriptomics showed 1,061 DEGs normalized in hippocampal subregions. Plaque induced genes in microglia, along with populations of stage 1 and stage 2 disease associated microglia (DAM), were normalized upon hNSC transplantation. Pathologic signaling between hippocampus and DAM was also restored. Discussion hNSCs normalized many dysregulated genes, although this was not mediated by a change in amyloid plaque levels. Rather, hNSCs appear to exert beneficial effects in part by modulating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and signaling in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S. Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mohamed H. Noureldein
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lisa M. McGinley
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - John M. Hayes
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Diana M. Rigan
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jacquelin F. Kwentus
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Shayna N. Mason
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Faye E. Mendelson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Masha G. Savelieff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Chen KS, Noureldein MH, McGinley LM, Hayes JM, Rigan DM, Kwentus JF, Mason SN, Mendelson FE, Savelieffd MG, Feldman EL. Human neural stem cells restore spatial memory in a transgenic Alzheimer's disease mouse model by an immunomodulating mechanism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.01.565161. [PMID: 37961246 PMCID: PMC10635057 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.01.565161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stem cells are a promising therapeutic in Alzheimer's disease (AD) given the complex pathophysiologic pathways involved. However, the therapeutic mechanisms of stem cells remain unclear. Here, we used spatial transcriptomics to elucidate therapeutic mechanisms of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) in an animal model of AD. METHODS hNSCs were transplanted into the fimbria fornix of the hippocampus using the 5XFAD mouse model. Spatial memory was assessed by Morris water maze. Amyloid plaque burden was quantified. Spatial transcriptomics was performed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified both globally and within the hippocampus. Subsequent pathway enrichment and ligand-receptor network analysis was performed. RESULTS hNSC transplantation restored learning curves of 5XFAD mice. However, there were no changes in amyloid plaque burden. Spatial transcriptomics showed 1061 DEGs normalized in hippocampal subregions. Plaque induced genes in microglia, along with populations of stage 1 and stage 2 disease associated microglia (DAM), were normalized upon hNSC transplantation. Pathologic signaling between hippocampus and DAM was also restored. DISCUSSION hNSCs normalized many dysregulated genes, although this was not mediated by a change in amyloid plaque levels. Rather, hNSCs appear to exert beneficial effects in part by modulating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and signaling in AD.
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Gomes Moreira D, Jan A. A beginner's guide into curated analyses of open access datasets for biomarker discovery in neurodegeneration. Sci Data 2023; 10:432. [PMID: 37414779 PMCID: PMC10325954 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of surrogate biomarkers reflecting neuronal dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) remains an active area of research. To boost these efforts, we demonstrate the utility of publicly available datasets for probing the pathogenic relevance of candidate markers in NDDs. As a starting point, we introduce the readers to several open access resources, which contain gene expression profiles and proteomics datasets from patient studies in common NDDs, including proteomics analyses of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Then, we illustrate the method for curated gene expression analyses across select brain regions from four cohorts of Parkinson disease patients (and from one study in common NDDs), probing glutathione biogenesis, calcium signaling and autophagy. These data are complemented by findings of select markers in CSF-based studies in NDDs. Additionally, we enclose several annotated microarray studies, and summarize reports on CSF proteomics across the NDDs, which the readers can utilize for translational purposes. We anticipate that this "beginner's guide" will benefit the research community in NDDs, and would serve as a useful educational tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gomes Moreira
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Asad Jan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Khayer N, Motamed N, Marashi SA, Goshadrou F. RT-DOb, a switch gene for the gene pair {Csf1r, Milr1}, can influence the onset of Alzheimer's disease by regulating communication between mast cell and microglia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288134. [PMID: 37410787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In biology, homeostasis is a central cellular phenomenon that plays a crucial role in survival. The central nervous system (CNS) is controlled by exquisitely sensitive homeostatic mechanisms when facing inflammatory or pathological insults. Mast cells and microglia play a crucial role in CNS homeostasis by eliminating damaged or unnecessary neurons and synapses. Therefore, decoding molecular circuits that regulate CNS homeostasis may lead to more effective therapeutic strategies that specifically target particular subsets for better therapy of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Based on a computational analysis of a microarray dataset related to AD, the H2-Ob gene was previously identified as a potential modulator of the homeostatic balance between mast cells and microglia. Specifically, it plays such a role in the presence of a three-way gene interaction in which the H2-Ob gene acts as a switch in the co-expression relationship of two genes, Csf1r and Milr1. Therefore, the importance of the H2-Ob gene as a potential therapeutic target for AD has led us to experimentally validate this relationship using the quantitative real-time PCR technique. In the experimental investigation, we confirmed that a change in the expression levels of the RT1-DOb gene (the rat ortholog of murine H2-Ob) can switch the co-expression relationship between Csf1r and Milr1. Furthermore, since the RT1-DOb gene is up-regulated in AD, the mentioned triplets might be related to triggering AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasibeh Khayer
- Skull Base Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Motamed
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed-Amir Marashi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Goshadrou
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jin B, Cheng X, Fei G, Sang S, Zhong C. Identification of diagnostic biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease by integrated bioinformatic analysis and machine learning strategies. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1169620. [PMID: 37434738 PMCID: PMC10331604 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1169620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, and is becoming one of the most burdening and lethal diseases. More useful biomarkers for diagnosing AD and reflecting the disease progression are in need and of significance. Methods The integrated bioinformatic analysis combined with machine-learning strategies was applied for exploring crucial functional pathways and identifying diagnostic biomarkers of AD. Four datasets (GSE5281, GSE131617, GSE48350, and GSE84422) with samples of AD frontal cortex are integrated as experimental datasets, and another two datasets (GSE33000 and GSE44772) with samples of AD frontal cortex were used to perform validation analyses. Functional Correlation enrichment analyses were conducted based on Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and the Reactome database to reveal AD-associated biological functions and key pathways. Four models were employed to screen the potential diagnostic biomarkers, including one bioinformatic analysis of Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA)and three machine-learning algorithms: Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and random forest (RF) analysis. The correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlation between the identified biomarkers with CDR scores and Braak staging. Results The pathways of the immune response and oxidative stress were identified as playing a crucial role during AD. Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), early growth response 1 (EGR1), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) were screened as diagnostic markers of AD. The diagnostic efficacy of TXNIP, EGR1, and IGFBP5 was validated with corresponding AUCs of 0.857, 0.888, and 0.856 in dataset GSE33000, 0.867, 0.909, and 0.841 in dataset GSE44770. And the AUCs of the combination of these three biomarkers as a diagnostic tool for AD were 0.954 and 0.938 in the two verification datasets. Conclusion The pathways of immune response and oxidative stress can play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. TXNIP, EGR1, and IGFBP5 are useful biomarkers for diagnosing AD and their mRNA level may reflect the development of the disease by correlation with the CDR scores and Breaking staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boru Jin
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Fei
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoming Sang
- Shanghai Raising Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.Shanghai, China
| | - Chunjiu Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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van Zalm PW, Ahmed S, Fatou B, Schreiber R, Barnaby O, Boxer A, Zetterberg H, Steen JA, Steen H. Meta-analysis of published cerebrospinal fluid proteomics data identifies and validates metabolic enzyme panel as Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101005. [PMID: 37075703 PMCID: PMC10140596 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
To develop therapies for Alzheimer's disease, we need accurate in vivo diagnostics. Multiple proteomic studies mapping biomarker candidates in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) resulted in little overlap. To overcome this shortcoming, we apply the rarely used concept of proteomics meta-analysis to identify an effective biomarker panel. We combine ten independent datasets for biomarker identification: seven datasets from 150 patients/controls for discovery, one dataset with 20 patients/controls for down-selection, and two datasets with 494 patients/controls for validation. The discovery results in 21 biomarker candidates and down-selection in three, to be validated in the two additional large-scale proteomics datasets with 228 diseased and 266 control samples. This resulting 3-protein biomarker panel differentiates Alzheimer's disease (AD) from controls in the two validation cohorts with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCs) of 0.83 and 0.87, respectively. This study highlights the value of systematically re-analyzing previously published proteomics data and the need for more stringent data deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W van Zalm
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, EURON, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Saima Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benoit Fatou
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rudy Schreiber
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, EURON, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Omar Barnaby
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Judith A Steen
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroiology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hanno Steen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuroiology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Fitzgerald GS, Chuchta TG, McNay EC. Insulin‐like growth factor‐2 is a promising candidate for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1449-1469. [PMID: 36971212 PMCID: PMC10173726 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Current AD treatments slow the rate of cognitive decline, but do not restore lost function. One reason for the low efficacy of current treatments is that they fail to target neurotrophic processes, which are thought to be essential for functional recovery. Bolstering neurotrophic processes may also be a viable strategy for preventative treatment, since structural losses are thought to underlie cognitive decline in AD. The challenge of identifying presymptomatic patients who might benefit from preventative treatment means that any such treatment must meet a high standard of safety and tolerability. The neurotrophic peptide insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2) is a promising candidate for both treating and preventing AD-induced cognitive decline. Brain IGF2 expression declines in AD patients. In rodent models of AD, exogenous IGF2 modulates multiple aspects of AD pathology, resulting in (1) improved cognitive function; (2) stimulation of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis; and, (3) neuroprotection against cholinergic dysfunction and beta amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. Preclinical evidence suggests that IGF2 is likely to be safe and tolerable at therapeutic doses. In the preventative treatment context, the intranasal route of administration is likely to be the preferred method for achieving the therapeutic effect without risking adverse side effects. For patients already experiencing AD dementia, routes of administration that deliver IGF2 directly access the CNS may be necessary. Finally, we discuss several strategies for improving the translational validity of animal models used to study the therapeutic potential of IGF2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - E C McNay
- University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
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Fertan E, Gendron WH, Wong AA, Hanson GM, Brown RE, Weaver ICG. Noncanonical regulation of imprinted gene Igf2 by amyloid-beta 1-42 in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2043. [PMID: 36739453 PMCID: PMC9899226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) levels in Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be the mechanism relating age-related metabolic disorders to dementia. Since Igf2 is an imprinted gene, we examined age and sex differences in the relationship between amyloid-beta 1-42 (Aβ42) accumulation and epigenetic regulation of the Igf2/H19 gene cluster in cerebrum, liver, and plasma of young and old male and female 5xFAD mice, in frontal cortex of male and female AD and non-AD patients, and in HEK293 cell cultures. We show IGF2 levels, Igf2 expression, histone acetylation, and H19 ICR methylation are lower in females than males. However, elevated Aβ42 levels are associated with Aβ42 binding to Igf2 DMR2, increased DNA and histone methylation, and a reduction in Igf2 expression and IGF2 levels in 5xFAD mice and AD patients, independent of H19 ICR methylation. Cell culture results confirmed the binding of Aβ42 to Igf2 DMR2 increased DNA and histone methylation, and reduced Igf2 expression. These results indicate an age- and sex-related causal relationship among Aβ42 levels, epigenomic state, and Igf2 expression in AD and provide a potential mechanism for Igf2 regulation in normal and pathological conditions, suggesting IGF2 levels may be a useful diagnostic biomarker for Aβ42 targeted AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Fertan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - William H Gendron
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Aimée A Wong
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Gabrielle M Hanson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Richard E Brown
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.,Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ian C G Weaver
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada. .,Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada. .,Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Verma A, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Kamenetsky N, Pittala S, Paul A, Nahon Crystal E, Ouro A, Chalifa-Caspi V, Pandey SK, Monsengo A, Vardi N, Knafo S, Shoshan-Barmatz V. Targeting the overexpressed mitochondrial protein VDAC1 in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease protects against mitochondrial dysfunction and mitigates brain pathology. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:58. [PMID: 36578022 PMCID: PMC9795455 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibits mitochondrial dysfunctions associated with dysregulated metabolism, brain inflammation, synaptic loss, and neuronal cell death. As a key protein serving as the mitochondrial gatekeeper, the voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC1) that controls metabolism and Ca2+ homeostasis is positioned at a convergence point for various cell survival and death signals. Here, we targeted VDAC1 with VBIT-4, a newly developed inhibitor of VDAC1 that prevents its pro-apoptotic activity, and mitochondria dysfunction. METHODS To address the multiple pathways involved in AD, neuronal cultures and a 5 × FAD mouse model of AD were treated with VBIT-4. We addressed multiple topics related to the disease and its molecular mechanisms using immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, q-RT-PCR, 3-D structural analysis and several behavioral tests. RESULTS In neuronal cultures, amyloid-beta (Aβ)-induced VDAC1 and p53 overexpression and apoptotic cell death were prevented by VBIT-4. Using an AD-like 5 × FAD mouse model, we showed that VDAC1 was overexpressed in neurons surrounding Aβ plaques, but not in astrocytes and microglia, and this was associated with neuronal cell death. VBIT-4 prevented the associated pathophysiological changes including neuronal cell death, neuroinflammation, and neuro-metabolic dysfunctions. VBIT-4 also switched astrocytes and microglia from being pro-inflammatory/neurotoxic to neuroprotective phenotype. Moreover, VBIT-4 prevented cognitive decline in the 5 × FAD mice as evaluated using several behavioral assessments of cognitive function. Interestingly, VBIT-4 protected against AD pathology, with no significant change in phosphorylated Tau and only a slight decrease in Aβ-plaque load. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction with its gatekeeper VDAC1 is a promising target for AD therapeutic intervention, and VBIT-4 is a promising drug candidate for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Verma
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel ,grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anna Shteinfer-Kuzmine
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nikita Kamenetsky
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel ,grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Srinivas Pittala
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel ,grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Avijit Paul
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel ,grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Edna Nahon Crystal
- grid.443007.40000 0004 0604 7694Achva Academic College, 79804 Shikmim, Israel
| | - Alberto Ouro
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel ,grid.488911.d0000 0004 0408 4897Present Address: NeuroAging Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vered Chalifa-Caspi
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Swaroop Kumar Pandey
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Monsengo
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Noga Vardi
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shira Knafo
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel ,grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel ,grid.7489.20000 0004 1937 0511National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Gao W, Zhou J, Gu X, Zhou Y, Wang L, Si N, Fan X, Bian B, Wang H, Zhao H. A multi-network comparative analysis of whole-transcriptome and translatome reveals the effect of high-fat diet on APP/PS1 mice and the intervention with Chinese medicine. Front Nutr 2022; 9:974333. [PMID: 36352898 PMCID: PMC9638104 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.974333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Different studies on the effects of high-fat diet (HFD) on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology have reported conflicting findings. Our previous studies showed HFD could moderate neuroinflammation and had no significant effect on amyloid-β levels or contextual memory on AD mice. To gain more insights into the involvement of HFD, we performed the whole-transcriptome sequencing and ribosome footprints profiling. Combined with competitive endogenous RNA analysis, the transcriptional regulation mechanism of HFD on AD mice was systematically revealed from RNA level. Mmu-miR-450b-3p and mmu-miR-6540-3p might be involved in regulating the expression of Th and Ddc expression. MiR-551b-5p regulated the expression of a variety of genes including Slc18a2 and Igfbp3. The upregulation of Pcsk9 expression in HFD intervention on AD mice might be closely related to the increase of cholesterol in brain tissues, while Huanglian Jiedu Decoction significantly downregulated the expression of Pcsk9. Our data showed the close connection between the alterations of transcriptome and translatome under the effect of HFD, which emphasized the roles of translational and transcriptional regulation were relatively independent. The profiled molecular responses in current study might be valuable resources for advanced understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effect of HFD on AD.
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Sagües-Sesé E, Rioja J, Garzón-Maldonado FJ, Narváez M, García-Arnés JA, García-Casares N. Insulin-Related Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1-13. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Glucose metabolism and insulin signaling alterations play an important role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Researchers have extensively attempted to characterize the exact pathophysiological mechanisms in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as evidence concerning this fluid biomarkers is expected to enhance AD diagnosis’ specificity and accuracy and serve as an early disease detection tool. There is controversy about insulin levels in the CSF relationship with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. Objective: This systematic review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge about insulin-related CSF biomarkers in AD and MCI. Methods: We performed a qualitative systematic literature review of reported data of CSF glucose, insulin, or insulin-related molecules in humans with AD or MCI, consulting the electronic databases Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and BASE until May 2022. Results: We selected 19 studies, 10 of them reporting data on CSF insulin and 8 on insulin-related molecules like growth factors or their binding proteins. They predominantly found decreased levels of CSF insulin and increased levels of CSF insulin-related growth factors and their binding proteins. Conclusion: Due to the studies’ protocols and results heterogeneity, we recommend a larger database of clinical trials with similar characteristics for a better understanding of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Rioja
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (CIMES), Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Garzón-Maldonado
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Narváez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Natalia García-Casares
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (CIMES), Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
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12
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Chanda K, Jana NR, Mukhopadhyay D. Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 protects against Aβ 1-42 induced toxicity by regulating the expression of receptor tyrosine kinase EPHA2 via quenching miR-200a/26a/26b in Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2022; 302:120652. [PMID: 35598655 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Altered expressions of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTK) and non-coding (nc) RNAs are known to regulate the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, specific understanding of the roles played, especially the mechanistic and functional roles, by long ncRNAs in AD is still elusive. Using mouse tissue qPCR assays we observe changes in the expression levels of 41 lncRNAs in AD mice of which only 7 genes happen to have both human orthologs and AD associations. Post validation of these 7 human lncRNA genes, MEG3 and MALAT1 shows consistent and significant decrease in AD cell, animal models and human AD brain tissues, but MALAT1 showed a more pronounced decrease. Using bioinformatics, qRT-PCR, RNA FISH and RIP techniques, we could establish MALAT1 as an interactor and regulator of miRs-200a, -26a and -26b, all of which are naturally elevated in AD. We could further show that these miRNAs target the RTK EPHA2 and several of its downstream effectors. Expectedly EPHA2 over expression protects against Aβ1-42 induced cytotoxicity. Transiently knocking down MALAT1 validates these unique regulatory facets of AD at the miRNA and protein levels. Although the idea of sponging of miRNAs by lncRNAs in other pathologies is gradually gaining credibility, this novel MALAT1- miR-200a/26a/26b - EPHA2 regulation mechanism in the context of AD pathophysiology promises to become a significant strategy in controlling the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Chanda
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata 700 064, India; Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, 120 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States of America
| | - Nihar Ranjan Jana
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurgaon 122 050, India
| | - Debashis Mukhopadhyay
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata 700 064, India.
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13
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Rauskolb S, Andreska T, Fries S, von Collenberg CR, Blum R, Monoranu CM, Villmann C, Sendtner M. Insulin-like growth factor 5 associates with human Aß plaques and promotes cognitive impairment. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:68. [PMID: 35513854 PMCID: PMC9074221 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk factors such as dysregulation of Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling have been linked to Alzheimer's disease. Here we show that Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5 (Igfbp5), an inhibitory binding protein for insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf-1) accumulates in hippocampal pyramidal neurons and in amyloid plaques in brains of Alzheimer patients. We investigated the pathogenic relevance of this finding with transgenic mice overexpressing Igfbp5 in pyramidal neurons of the brain. Neuronal overexpression of Igfbp5 prevents the training-induced increase of hippocampal and cortical Bdnf expression and reduces the effects of exercise on memory retention, but not on learning acquisition. Hence, elevated IGFBP5 expression could be responsible for some of the early cognitive deficits that occur during the course of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Rauskolb
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Andreska
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Fries
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cora Ruedt von Collenberg
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Blum
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Camelia-Maria Monoranu
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Villmann
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher-Str. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
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14
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Xu J, Li D, Lu Y, Zheng TY. Aβ monomers protect lens epithelial cells against oxidative stress by upregulating CDC25B. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 175:161-170. [PMID: 34478836 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed high β-amyloid (Aβ) expression levels in the nuclei of the lens epithelial cells (LECs) of healthy subjects and revealed that Aβ monomers could protect LECs from oxidative damage. Here, we further explored the mechanism by which Aβ monomers act as transcription factors to regulate the oxidative stress of LECs through high-throughput studies. First, we compared the Aβ-binding sites in the lens epithelia (LE) of age-related cataract patients with those in the LE of healthy donors via chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq), and we identified comparable numbers (1648 and 1445, respectively) of Aβ peaks. Then, the KEGG tool was used for gene function enrichment analysis of these genes, which were more highly enriched in healthy LE. Combining the literature review with these KEGG analysis results, in the current study, we chose four target genes related to oxidative stress, namely, CDC25B, SOS2, CTNNA1 and Cox6a1. Then, ChIP-PCR assays, dual-luciferase reporter assays, real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed to validate the regulatory effects of Aβ on these targets. Our data suggested that Aβ monomers could upregulate the mRNA and protein expression levels of CDC25B in LECs. We also confirmed that Aβ monomers could activate the Akt/Nrf2 pathway in a CDC25B-dependent manner by knockdown experiments in cultured LECs. Furthermore, we performed functional verification of the CDC25B-mediated protective effects of Aβ monomers against oxidative stress. We observed that Aβ monomers significantly improved the antioxidant capacity (the GSH level, SOD activity and total antioxidant capacity) and decreased the oxidative stress (the ROS and MDA levels) of LECs, while CDC25B knockdown decreased the antioxidant effects of Aβ, disrupting redox homeostasis. Therefore, we propose that Aβ monomers activate the Akt/Nrf2 pathway by upregulating CDC25B expression, increase various downstream antioxidant enzyme levels, maintain peroxidation-antioxidant homeostasis in LECs, and prevent the cell damage caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Tian-Yu Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, 83 Fenyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, China.
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15
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Mohamed Asik R, Suganthy N, Aarifa MA, Kumar A, Szigeti K, Mathe D, Gulyás B, Archunan G, Padmanabhan P. Alzheimer's Disease: A Molecular View of β-Amyloid Induced Morbific Events. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091126. [PMID: 34572312 PMCID: PMC8468668 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) is a dynamic peptide of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) which accelerates the disease progression. At the cell membrane and cell compartments, the amyloid precursor protein (APP) undergoes amyloidogenic cleavage by β- and γ-secretases and engenders the Aβ. In addition, externally produced Aβ gets inside the cells by receptors mediated internalization. An elevated amount of Aβ yields spontaneous aggregation which causes organelles impairment. Aβ stimulates the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein via acceleration by several kinases. Aβ travels to the mitochondria and interacts with its functional complexes, which impairs the mitochondrial function leading to the activation of apoptotic signaling cascade. Aβ disrupts the Ca2+ and protein homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi complex (GC) that promotes the organelle stress and inhibits its stress recovery machinery such as unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER-associated degradation (ERAD). At lysosome, Aβ precedes autophagy dysfunction upon interacting with autophagy molecules. Interestingly, Aβ act as a transcription regulator as well as inhibits telomerase activity. Both Aβ and p-tau interaction with neuronal and glial receptors elevate the inflammatory molecules and persuade inflammation. Here, we have expounded the Aβ mediated events in the cells and its cosmopolitan role on neurodegeneration, and the current clinical status of anti-amyloid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajmohamed Mohamed Asik
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (R.M.A.); (B.G.)
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Natarajan Suganthy
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Mohamed Asik Aarifa
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India;
| | - Krisztián Szigeti
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (K.S.); (D.M.)
- CROmed Translational Research Centers, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domokos Mathe
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (K.S.); (D.M.)
- CROmed Translational Research Centers, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- In Vivo Imaging Advanced Core Facility, Hungarian Center of Excellence for Molecular Medicine (HCEMM), 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (R.M.A.); (B.G.)
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Govindaraju Archunan
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India;
- Marudupandiyar College, Thanjavur 613403, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (P.P.)
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore; (R.M.A.); (B.G.)
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, 59 Nanyang Drive, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (P.P.)
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16
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D’Andrea L, Stringhi R, Di Luca M, Marcello E. Looking at Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis from the Nuclear Side. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091261. [PMID: 34572474 PMCID: PMC8467578 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder representing the most common form of dementia. It is biologically characterized by the deposition of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, constituted by hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The key protein in AD pathogenesis is the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is cleaved by secretases to produce several metabolites, including Aβ and APP intracellular domain (AICD). The greatest genetic risk factor associated with AD is represented by the Apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE ε4) allele. Importantly, all of the above-mentioned molecules that are strictly related to AD pathogenesis have also been described as playing roles in the cell nucleus. Accordingly, evidence suggests that nuclear functions are compromised in AD. Furthermore, modulation of transcription maintains cellular homeostasis, and alterations in transcriptomic profiles have been found in neurodegenerative diseases. This report reviews recent advancements in the AD players-mediated gene expression. Aβ, tau, AICD, and APOE ε4 localize in the nucleus and regulate the transcription of several genes, part of which is involved in AD pathogenesis, thus suggesting that targeting nuclear functions might provide new therapeutic tools for the disease.
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17
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Targeting the 'garbage-bin' to fight cancer: HDAC6 inhibitor WT161 has an anti-tumor effect on osteosarcoma and synergistically interacts with 5-FU. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229416. [PMID: 34323266 PMCID: PMC8350430 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance between protein aggregation and protein degradation may induce 'stress' in the functionality of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). There are quality control (QC) mechanisms to minimize misfolding and to eliminate misfolded proteins before aggregation becomes lethal for the cell. Proper protein folding and maturation is one of the crucial functions of the ER. Chaperones of the ER and folding enzymes guarantee correct conformational maturation of emerging secretory proteins. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 6 (HDAC6) is a masterpiece coordinating the cell response to protein aggregate formation. The balance between HDAC6 and its partner Valosin-containing protein/p97 determines the fate of polyubiquitinated misfolded proteins. WT161 is a terrific, selective, and bioavailable HDAC6 inhibitor. WT161 selectively inhibits HDAC6 and adequately increases levels of acetylated α-tubulin. This compound induces accumulation of acetylated tubulin and cytotoxicity in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. In this journal, Sun et al. (Biosci. Rep.41, DOI: 10.1042/BSR20203905) identified that WT161 suppresses the cell growth of osteosarcoma cells. This discovery opens the door to future chemotherapeutic regimens of this bone neoplasm.
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18
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Lim KH, Kim SH, Yang S, Chun S, Joo JY. Advances in multiplex PCR for Alzheimer's disease diagnostics targeting CDK genes. Neurosci Lett 2021; 749:135715. [PMID: 33600906 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease that lacks biomarkers for diagnosis. Biomarkers for accurate detection of AD are required for potential therapeutic approaches. Recent studies in mammalian cells have demonstrated an association between the expression of cell cycle proteins and AD occurrence. Therefore, we aimed to identify a potent biomarker among relevant cell cycle-regulating proteins such as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) for the diagnosis of AD. We also developed a multiplex-PCR-based diagnostic method, which showed the rapid and accurate detection of AD biomarkers. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) results showed increased gene expression of CDKs in an AD mouse model. Based on genomic analysis, our multiplex-PCR method, which contained optimized primer sets and PCR conditions targeting genes of CDKs, accurately matched RT-PCR results in the AD mouse model. Interestingly, validation by in silico meta-analysis for the expression of each CDK gene showed significant expression in moderate and severe groups of AD patients. Accordingly, clinical applications relying on the diagnosis of AD using our results may shed light on AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Key-Hwan Lim
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sumin Yang
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungkun Chun
- Department of Physiology, Jeonbuk National University Medicine School, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Yeol Joo
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Turbant F, Hamoui OE, Partouche D, Sandt C, Busi F, Wien F, Arluison V. Identification and characterization of the Hfq bacterial amyloid region DNA interactions. BBA ADVANCES 2021; 1:100029. [PMID: 37082015 PMCID: PMC10074921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2021.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid amyloid proteins interactions have been observed in the past few years. These interactions often promote protein aggregation. Nevertheless, molecular basis and physiological consequences of these interactions are still poorly understood. Additionally, it is unknown whether the nucleic acid promotes the formation of self-assembly due to direct interactions or indirectly via sequences surrounding the amyloid region. Here we focus our attention on a bacterial amyloid, Hfq. This protein is a pleiotropic bacterial regulator that mediates many aspects of nucleic acids metabolism. The protein notably mediates mRNA stability and translation efficiency by using stress-related small non coding regulatory RNA. In addition, Hfq, thanks to its amyloid C-terminal region, binds and compacts DNA. A combination of experimental methodologies, including synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD), gel shift assay and infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy have been used to probe the interaction of Hfq C-terminal region with DNA. We clearly identify important amino acids in this region involved in DNA binding and polymerization properties. This allows to understand better how this bacterial amyloid interacts with DNA. Possible functional consequence to answer to stresses are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Turbant
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin LLB, CEA, CNRS UMR12, Université Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Omar El Hamoui
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Partouche
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin LLB, CEA, CNRS UMR12, Université Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Sandt
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Florent Busi
- Université de Paris, UFR Sciences du vivant, 75006 Paris cedex, France
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Frank Wien
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Corresponding author.
| | - Véronique Arluison
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin LLB, CEA, CNRS UMR12, Université Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université de Paris, UFR Sciences du vivant, 75006 Paris cedex, France
- Corresponding author.
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20
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Zhou H, Li F, Ye W, Wang M, Zhou X, Feng J, Liu L, Wang X. Correlation Between Plasma CircRNA-089763 and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients Undergoing Non-cardiac Surgery. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:587715. [PMID: 33132863 PMCID: PMC7573279 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.587715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous experiment, we found that there were abnormal levels of circRNA-089763 in the plasma exosomes of patients with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after cardiac surgery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to further investigate the relationship between plasma circRNA-089763 level and POCD in elderly patients after non-cardiac surgery. A prospective cohort study was conducted to select elderly patients undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery. A total of 72 patients were enrolled in this study, and cognitive functions were assessed 1 day before and 3 days after surgery by a series of neuropsychological measurements. Next, patients were divided into POCD and non-POCD (NPOCD) groups according to the Z score method. Blood was collected the day before and 3 days after surgery, and the plasma circRNA-089763 level was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Then, the difference and correlation in plasma circRNA-089763 levels between the POCD and NPOCD groups were analyzed. On the third day after surgery, the incidence of POCD was 30.56%. The relative level of circRNA-089763 in the POCD group was 2.41 times higher than that in the NPOCD group (t = 4.711, p < 0.001), patients in POCD group had higher age (t = 5.971, p < 0.001), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists classification (χ2 = 14.726, p < 0.001), less years of education (t = 2.449, p = 0.017), more intraoperative blood loss (t = 3.196, p = 0.002), and higher visual analog scale (VAS) scores (t = 10.45, p < 0.001). The binary logistic regression analysis showed that the circRNA-089763 level, age, and intraoperative blood loss were independently associated with POCD (OR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.261–5.999, p = 0.011; OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.114–1.565, p = 0.001; OR: 1.017, 95% CI: 1.004–1.03, p = 0.011). These results demonstrated that the circRNA-089763 plasma level was related to POCD after non-cardiac surgery in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fuyu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wanlin Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Maozhou Wang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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21
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Kent SA, Spires-Jones TL, Durrant CS. The physiological roles of tau and Aβ: implications for Alzheimer's disease pathology and therapeutics. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:417-447. [PMID: 32728795 PMCID: PMC7498448 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tau and amyloid beta (Aβ) are the prime suspects for driving pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and, as such, have become the focus of therapeutic development. Recent research, however, shows that these proteins have been highly conserved throughout evolution and may have crucial, physiological roles. Such functions may be lost during AD progression or be unintentionally disrupted by tau- or Aβ-targeting therapies. Tau has been revealed to be more than a simple stabiliser of microtubules, reported to play a role in a range of biological processes including myelination, glucose metabolism, axonal transport, microtubule dynamics, iron homeostasis, neurogenesis, motor function, learning and memory, neuronal excitability, and DNA protection. Aβ is similarly multifunctional, and is proposed to regulate learning and memory, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, repair leaks in the blood-brain barrier, promote recovery from injury, and act as an antimicrobial peptide and tumour suppressor. This review will discuss potential physiological roles of tau and Aβ, highlighting how changes to these functions may contribute to pathology, as well as the implications for therapeutic development. We propose that a balanced consideration of both the physiological and pathological roles of tau and Aβ will be essential for the design of safe and effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Kent
- Translational Neuroscience PhD Programme, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ Scotland, UK
| | - Tara L. Spires-Jones
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ Scotland, UK
| | - Claire S. Durrant
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and the UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ Scotland, UK
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22
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Guldbrandsen A, Lereim RR, Jacobsen M, Garberg H, Kroksveen AC, Barsnes H, Berven FS. Development of robust targeted proteomics assays for cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis. Clin Proteomics 2020; 17:33. [PMID: 32963504 PMCID: PMC7499868 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-020-09296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Verification of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases is a major challenge due to a large number of candidates, limited sample material availability, disease and biological heterogeneity, and the lack of standardized assays. Furthermore, verification studies are often based on a low number of proteins from a single discovery experiment in medium-sized cohorts, where antibodies and surrogate peptides may differ, thus only providing an indication of proteins affected by the disease and not revealing the bigger picture or concluding on the validity of the markers. We here present a standard approach for locating promising biomarker candidates based on existing knowledge, resulting in high-quality assays covering the main biological processes affected by multiple sclerosis for comparable measurements over time. Methods Biomarker candidates were located in CSF-PR (proteomics.uib.no/csf-pr), and further filtered based on estimated concentration in CSF and biological function. Peptide surrogates for internal standards were selected according to relevant criteria, parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) assays created, and extensive assay quality testing performed, i.e. intra- and inter-day variation, trypsin digestion status over time, and whether the peptides were able to separate multiple sclerosis patients and controls. Results Assays were developed for 25 proteins, represented by 72 peptides selected according to relevant guidelines and available literature and tested for assay peptide suitability. Stability testing revealed 64 peptides with low intra- and inter-day variations, with 44 also being stably digested after 16 h of trypsin digestion, and 37 furthermore showing a significant difference between multiple sclerosis and controls, thereby confirming literature findings. Calibration curves and the linear area of measurement have, so far, been determined for 17 of these peptides. Conclusions We present 37 high-quality PRM assays across 21 CSF-proteins found to be affected by multiple sclerosis, along with a recommended workflow for future development of new assays. The assays can directly be used by others, thus enabling better comparison between studies. Finally, the assays can robustly and stably monitor biological processes in multiple sclerosis patients over time, thus potentially aiding in diagnosis and prognosis, and ultimately in treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Guldbrandsen
- Proteomics Unit, PROBE, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Computational Biology Unit, CBU, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Reehorst Lereim
- Proteomics Unit, PROBE, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Computational Biology Unit, CBU, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Jacobsen
- Proteomics Unit, PROBE, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hilde Garberg
- Biobank Haukeland, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Harald Barsnes
- Proteomics Unit, PROBE, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Computational Biology Unit, CBU, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode S Berven
- Proteomics Unit, PROBE, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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23
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Akerman SC, Hossain S, Shobo A, Zhong Y, Jourdain R, Hancock MA, George K, Breton L, Multhaup G. Neurodegenerative Disease-Related Proteins within the Epidermal Layer of the Human Skin. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:463-478. [PMID: 31006686 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence suggesting that amyloidogenic proteins might form deposits in non-neuronal tissues in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. However, the detection of these aggregation-prone proteins within the human skin has been controversial. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and mass spectrometry tissue imaging (MALDI-MSI), fresh frozen human skin samples were analyzed for the expression and localization of neurodegenerative disease-related proteins. While α-synuclein was detected throughout the epidermal layer of the auricular samples (IHC and MALDI-MSI), tau and Aβ34 were also localized to the epidermal layer (IHC). In addition to Aβ peptides of varying length (e.g., Aβ40, Aβ42, Aβ34), we also were able to detect inflammatory markers within the same sample sets (e.g., thymosin β-4, psoriasin). While previous literature has described α-synuclein in the nucleus of neurons (e.g., Parkinson's disease), our current detection of α-synuclein in the nucleus of skin cells is novel. Imaging of α-synuclein or tau revealed that their presence was similar between the young and old samples in our present study. Future work may reveal differences relevant for diagnosis between these proteins at the molecular level (e.g., age-dependent post-translational modifications). Our novel detection of Aβ34 in human skin suggests that, just like in the brain, it may represent a stable intermediate of the Aβ40 and Aβ42 degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Can Akerman
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shireen Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adeola Shobo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yifei Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Mark A Hancock
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kelly George
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Clark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lionel Breton
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.,L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Clark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gerhard Multhaup
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Life Sciences Complex, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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24
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Arvanitakis Z, Wang HY, Capuano AW, Khan A, Taïb B, Anokye-Danso F, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, Ahima RS, Arnold SE. Brain Insulin Signaling, Alzheimer Disease Pathology, and Cognitive Function. Ann Neurol 2020; 88:513-525. [PMID: 32557841 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations of molecular markers of brain insulin signaling with Alzheimer disease (AD) and cognition among older persons with or without diabetes. METHODS This clinical-pathologic study was derived from a community-based cohort study, the Religious Orders Study. We studied 150 individuals (mean age at death =87 years, 48% women): 75 with and 75 without diabetes (matched by sex on age at death and education). Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, and ex vivo stimulation of brain tissue with insulin, we assessed insulin signaling in the postmortem middle frontal gyrus cortex. Postmortem data documented AD neuropathology. Clinical evaluations documented cognitive function proximate to death, based on 17 neuropsychological tests. In adjusted regression analyses, we examined associations of brain insulin signaling with diabetes, AD, and level of cognition. RESULTS Brain insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) phosphorylation (pS307 IRS1/total IRS1) and serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT) phosphorylation (pT308 AKT1/total AKT1) were similar in persons with or without diabetes. AKT phosphorylation was associated with the global AD pathology score (p = 0.001). In contrast, IRS1 phosphorylation was not associated with AD (p = 0.536). No other associations of insulin signaling were found with the global AD score, including when using the ex vivo brain insulin stimulation method. In secondary analyses, normalized pT308 AKT1 was positively correlated with both the amyloid burden and tau tangle density, and no other associations of brain insulin signaling with neuropathology were observed. Moreover, normalized pT308 AKT1 was associated with a lower level of global cognitive function (estimate = -0.212, standard error = 0.097; p = 0.031). INTERPRETATION Brain AKT phosphorylation, a critical node in the signaling of insulin and other growth factors, is associated with AD neuropathology and lower cognitive function. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:513-525.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hoau-Yan Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Science, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Biology, Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of the City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Ana W Capuano
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amber Khan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Science, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Biology, Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of the City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Bouchra Taïb
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Frederick Anokye-Danso
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rexford S Ahima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Department of Neurology and Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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25
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Emerging Roles of Inhibitor of Differentiation-1 in Alzheimer's Disease: Cell Cycle Reentry and Beyond. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071746. [PMID: 32708313 PMCID: PMC7409121 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA-binding/differentiation (Id) proteins, a family of helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins that includes four members of Id1 to Id4 in mammalian cells, are critical for regulating cell growth, differentiation, senescence, cell cycle progression, and increasing angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, as well as accelerating the ability of cell migration. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease in the adult population, manifests the signs of cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and functional impairment. The underlying mechanisms for AD are not well-clarified yet, but the aggregation of amyloid-beta peptides (Aβs), the major components in the senile plaques observed in AD brains, contributes significantly to the disease progression. Emerging evidence reveals that aberrant cell cycle reentry may play a central role in Aβ-induced neuronal demise. Recently, we have shown that several signaling mediators, including Id1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), cyclin-dependent kinases-5 (CDK5), and sonic hedgehog (Shh), may contribute to Aβ-induced cell cycle reentry in postmitotic neurons; furthermore, Id1 and CDK5/p25 mutually antagonize the expression/activity of each other. Therefore, Id proteins may potentially have clinical applications in AD. In this review article, we introduce the underlying mechanisms for cell cycle dysregulation in AD and present some examples, including our own studies, to show different aspects of Id1 in terms of cell cycle reentry and other signaling that may be crucial to alter the neuronal fates in this devastating neurodegenerative disease. A thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms may provide a rationale to make an earlier intervention before the occurrence of cell cycle reentry and subsequent apoptosis in the fully differentiated neurons during the progression of AD or other neurodegenerative diseases.
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26
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Neuroprotection against Amyloid- β-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks Is Mediated by Multiple Retinoic Acid-Dependent Pathways. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:9369815. [PMID: 32256561 PMCID: PMC7109576 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9369815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the role of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) as a neuroprotective agent against Aβ1-42-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in neuronal SH-SY5Y and astrocytic DI TNC1 cell lines and in murine brain tissues, by single-cell gel electrophoresis. We showed that RA does not only repair Aβ1-42-induced DSBs, as already known, but also prevents their occurrence. This effect is independent of that of other antioxidants studied, such as vitamin C, and appears to be mediated, at least in part, by changes in expression, not of the RARα, but of the PPARβ/δ and of antiamyloidogenic proteins, such as ADAM10, implying a decreased production of endogenous Aβ. Whereas Aβ1-42 needs transcription and translation for DSB production, RA protects against Aβ1-42-induced DSBs at the posttranslational level through both the RARα/β/γ and PPARβ/δ receptors as demonstrated by using specific antagonists. Furthermore, it could be shown by a proximity ligation assay that the PPARβ/δ-RXR interactions, not the RARα/β/γ-RXR interactions, increased in the cells when a 10 min RA treatment was followed by a 20 min Aβ1-42 treatment. Thus, the PPARβ/δ receptor, known for its antiapoptotic function, might for these short-time treatments play a role in neuroprotection via PPARβ/δ-RXR heterodimerization and possibly expression of antiamyloidogenic genes. Overall, this study shows that RA can not only repair Aβ1-42-induced DSBs but also prevent them via the RARα/β/γ and PPARβ/δ receptors. It suggests that the RA-dependent pathways belong to an anti-DSB Adaptative Gene Expression (DSB-AGE) system that can be targeted by prevention strategies to preserve memory in Alzheimer's disease and aging.
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27
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Schrank S, McDaid J, Briggs CA, Mustaly-Kalimi S, Brinks D, Houcek A, Singer O, Bottero V, Marr RA, Stutzmann GE. Human-Induced Neurons from Presenilin 1 Mutant Patients Model Aspects of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031030. [PMID: 32033164 PMCID: PMC7037274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional approaches to studying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using mouse models and cell lines have advanced our understanding of AD pathogenesis. However, with the growing divide between model systems and clinical therapeutic outcomes, the limitations of these approaches are increasingly apparent. Thus, to generate more clinically relevant systems that capture pathological cascades within human neurons, we generated human-induced neurons (HiNs) from AD and non-AD individuals to model cell autonomous disease properties. We selected an AD patient population expressing mutations in presenilin 1 (mPS1), which is linked to increased amyloid production, tau pathology, and calcium signaling abnormalities, among other features. While these AD components are detailed in model systems, they have yet to be collectively identified in human neurons. Thus, we conducted molecular, immune-based, electrophysiological, and calcium imaging studies to establish patterns of cellular pathology in this patient population. We found that mPS1 HiNs generate increased Aβ42 and hyperphosphorylated tau species relative to non-AD controls, and exaggerated ER calcium responses that are normalized with ryanodine receptor (RyR) negative allosteric modulators. The inflammasome product, interleukin-18 (IL-18), also increased PS1 expression. This work highlights the potential for HiNs to model AD pathology and validates their role in defining cellular pathogenesis and their utility for therapeutic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Schrank
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (S.S.); (J.M.); (C.A.B.); (S.M.-K.); (V.B.)
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - John McDaid
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (S.S.); (J.M.); (C.A.B.); (S.M.-K.); (V.B.)
| | - Clark A. Briggs
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (S.S.); (J.M.); (C.A.B.); (S.M.-K.); (V.B.)
| | - Sarah Mustaly-Kalimi
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (S.S.); (J.M.); (C.A.B.); (S.M.-K.); (V.B.)
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Deanna Brinks
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Rd. North, Chicago, IL 60064, USA;
| | - Aiden Houcek
- Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, IL 60045, USA;
| | - Oded Singer
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
| | - Virginie Bottero
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (S.S.); (J.M.); (C.A.B.); (S.M.-K.); (V.B.)
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Rd. North, Chicago, IL 60064, USA;
| | - Robert A. Marr
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (S.S.); (J.M.); (C.A.B.); (S.M.-K.); (V.B.)
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Rd. North, Chicago, IL 60064, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.A.M.); (G.E.S.)
| | - Grace E. Stutzmann
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (S.S.); (J.M.); (C.A.B.); (S.M.-K.); (V.B.)
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Rd. North, Chicago, IL 60064, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.A.M.); (G.E.S.)
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28
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Zhao H, Klausen C, Zhu H, Chang H, Li Y, Leung PCK. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 promotes human trophoblast cell invasion and endothelial‐like tube formation through ID1‐mediated upregulation of IGF binding protein‐3. FASEB J 2020; 34:3151-3164. [PMID: 31908038 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902168rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Jin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University Jinan P.R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology BC Children's Hospital Research Institute University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Christian Klausen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology BC Children's Hospital Research Institute University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology BC Children's Hospital Research Institute University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Hsun‐Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology BC Children's Hospital Research Institute University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Yan Li
- School of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology Ministry of Education Jinan China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics Jinan China
| | - Peter C. K. Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology BC Children's Hospital Research Institute University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
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29
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β-Amyloid Peptide: the Cell Compartment Multi-faceted Interaction in Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:250-263. [PMID: 31811589 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most widespread form of dementia, characterized by memory loss and reduction of cognitive functions that strongly interfere with normal daily life. Numerous evidences show that aggregates of the amyloid beta peptide, formed by 39 to 42 amino acid residues (Aβ39-43), from soluble small oligomers to large fibrils are characteristic markers of this pathology. However, AD is a complex disease and its neurodegenerative molecular mechanism is not yet fully understood. Growing evidence suggests a link between Aβ polymorphic nature, oligomers and fibrils, and specific mechanisms of neurodegeneration. The Aβ variable nature and its multiplicity of interactions with different proteins and organelles reflect the complexity of this pathology. In this review, we analyze the effects of the interaction between Aβ peptide and different cellular compartments in relation to the different kinds and sizes of amyloid aggregates. In particular, Aβ interaction with different cell structures such as the plasma membrane, mitochondria, lysosomes, nucleus, and endoplasmic reticulum is discussed. Further, we analyze the Aβ peptide ability to modify the structure and function of the target organelle, inducing alteration of its physiological role thus contributing to the pathological event. Dysfunction of cellular components terminating with the activation of the cellular death mechanism and subsequent neurodegeneration is also taken into consideration.
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30
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Wesenhagen KEJ, Teunissen CE, Visser PJ, Tijms BM. Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics and biological heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease: A literature review. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 57:86-98. [PMID: 31694431 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1670613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is characterized by aggregation of amyloid and tau proteins in the brain. Results from genetic studies suggest that the pathophysiology underlying AD is complex, but studying this complexity in patients remains difficult. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome contains a large number of proteins that can reflect ongoing biological processes. Proteomics techniques can be used to measure many proteins simultaneously in individual patients and may therefore provide an opportunity to study AD disease mechanisms. Here, we review the CSF proteomics literature to identify proteins consistently associated with AD, and perform pathway analyses on these proteins to study which biological processes may be involved in the disease.We performed a literature search of studies that investigated CSF proteomic alterations related to AD. We included original research articles when they measured at least 10 proteins in (antemortem) CSF in at least 10 individuals with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or controls. We examined if proteins were consistently related to AD, defined as consistent increase or decrease in AD vs. controls across studies. Next, we used the proteins identified as input to pathway analyses using Reactome to investigate which biological processes were enriched.In total, 29 studies were included that investigated AD-related changes to the CSF proteome, including a total of 1434 individuals with AD (of whom 47.1% had a CSF biomarker profile and 9.6% a postmortem examination consistent with AD) and 1380 controls. The studies reported 1 to 138 proteins associated with AD, of which 97 proteins were reported by two or more studies. Among proteins that were measured in more than one study, 27 (27.8%) showed consistent increases, 15 (15.5%) consistent decreases and 55 (56.7%) had contrasting results. Pathway analyses showed that AD-related proteins were enriched for hemostasis, lipoprotein and extracellular matrix pathways.These results indicate that proteomic alterations in CSF associated with AD reflect involvement of various biological pathways. The frequent occurrence of inconsistent protein level changes reported by different studies suggests that additional biological and/or (pre)analytical factors may influence the CSF proteome in AD, which should be further investigated in order to improve understanding of the biological complexity underlying AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E J Wesenhagen
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Betty M Tijms
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Cusulin C, Wells I, Badillo S, Duran-Pacheco GC, Baumann K, Patsch C. Gamma secretase modulators and BACE inhibitors reduce Aβ production without altering gene expression in Alzheimer's disease iPSC-derived neurons and mice. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 100:103392. [PMID: 31381983 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In drug discovery, as well as in the study of disease biology, it is fundamental to develop models that recapitulate aspects of a disorder, in order to understand the pathology and test therapeutic approaches. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer the potential of obtaining tissue-specific cells with a given human genotype. Here we derived neural cultures from Alzheimer's disease patient iPSCs and characterized their response to three classes of compounds that reduce the production of Aβ42, a major driving force of this pathology. We characterized their effect on the cells, looking at Tau proteostasis and gene expression changes by RNAseq. β-secretase inhibitor and γ-secretase modulators left the transcriptional balance of the cells virtually unaffected, while γ-secretase inhibitors caused drastic gene expression changes due to Notch inhibition. We observed similar effects in vivo, treating mice with the same compound classes. Our results show that β-secretase inhibitors and γ-secretase modulators are attractive candidates for modulating Aβ production in Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, we demonstrate that the response to compounds obtained with iPSC-derived neurons is similar to the one observable in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cusulin
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Wells
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Solveig Badillo
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Karlheinz Baumann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Patsch
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse, 4070 Basel, Switzerland.
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Wang M, Su P, Liu Y, Zhang X, Yan J, An X, Wang X, Gu S. Abnormal expression of circRNA_089763 in the plasma exosomes of patients with post‑operative cognitive dysfunction after coronary artery bypass grafting. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2549-2562. [PMID: 31524256 PMCID: PMC6691254 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a complication of the central nervous system characterized by mental disorders, anxiety, personality changes and impaired memory. POCD occurs frequently after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and can severely affect quality of life for patients. To date, the development of POCD biomarkers remains a challenge. Alterations in the expression of non-coding RNAs from brain tissue and peripheral blood have been linked to POCD. The present study aimed to detect the differential circular RNAs (circRNAs) in plasma exosomes of patients with POCD after CABG. The relative expression levels of circRNAs were analyzed using circRNA microarray analysis in the plasma exosomes of patients with POCD. Differentially altered circRNAs (P<0.05, fold change >1.5) were validated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR in the plasma exosomes of patients with POCD. The target genes of the microRNAs were predicted using bioinformatics analysis. The functions and signaling pathways of these target genes were investigated by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. The microarray results indicated that the levels of nine circRNAs in patients with POCD were higher than those in the control subjects; and six circRNAs were at a lower level than those in control subjects. The RT-qPCR results from patients with POCD showed that only circRNA_089763 of the 15 circRNAs identified was significantly increased compared with control subjects. circRNA target gene prediction and functional annotation analysis showed significant enrichment in several GO terms and pathways associated with POCD. The present study provides evidence for the abnormal expression of POCD-induced circRNA_089763 in human plasma exosomes, as well as the involvement of POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maozhou Wang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Pixiong Su
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xitao Zhang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xiangguang An
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Song Gu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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Janssens Y, Wynendaele E, Vanden Berghe W, De Spiegeleer B. Peptides as epigenetic modulators: therapeutic implications. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:101. [PMID: 31300053 PMCID: PMC6624906 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides originating from different sources (endogenous, food derived, environmental, and synthetic) are able to influence different aspects of epigenetic regulation. Endogenous short peptides, resulting from proteolytic cleavage of proteins or upon translation of non-annotated out of frame transcripts, can block DNA methylation and hereby regulate gene expression. Peptides entering the body by digestion of food-related proteins can modulate DNA methylation and/or histone acetylation while environmental peptides, synthesized by bacteria, fungi, and marine sponges, mainly inhibit histone deacetylation. In addition, synthetic peptides that reverse or inhibit different epigenetic modifications of both histones and the DNA can be developed as well. Next to these DNA and histone modifications, peptides can also influence the expression of non-coding RNAs such as lncRNAs and the maturation of miRNAs. Seen the advantages over small molecules, the development of peptide therapeutics is an interesting approach to treat diseases with a strong epigenetic basis like cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. To date, only a limited number of drugs with a proven epigenetic mechanism of action have been approved by the FDA of which two (romidepsin and nesiritide) are peptides. A large knowledge gap concerning epigenetic effects of peptides is present, and this class of molecules deserves more attention in the development as epigenetic modulators. In addition, none of the currently approved peptide drugs are under investigation for their potential effects on epigenetics, hampering drug repositioning of these peptides to other indications with an epigenetic etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorick Janssens
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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34
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Capuano AW, Wilson RS, Honer WG, Petyuk VA, Leurgans SE, Yu L, Gatchel JR, Arnold S, Bennett DA, Arvanitakis Z. Brain IGFBP-5 modifies the relation of depressive symptoms to decline in cognition in older persons. J Affect Disord 2019; 250:313-318. [PMID: 30875674 PMCID: PMC6530787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain proteins, including Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5 (IGFBP-5), have been associated with cognitive dysfunction in aging. Mechanisms linking depression with cognition are poorly understood. We hypothesize that the association of depressive symptoms with cognition is mediated or modified by brain proteins. METHODS IGFBP-5, HSPB2, AK4, ITPK1 and PLXNB1 were measured in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in 1057 deceased participants, who underwent annual assessments of depressive symptoms and cognition for a mean of 8.9 years. The average number of depressive symptoms per year before a dementia diagnosis was calculated for each person. RESULTS A one standard deviation above the mean IGFBP-5 was associated with a 14% higher odds of having more depressive symptoms (p < 0.031). Higher IGFBP-5 was associated with faster decline in global cognition (p < 0.001) and five cognitive domains (p < 0.008), controlling for depressive symptoms. IGFBP-5 moderated the association of depressive symptoms with decline in global cognition (p = 0.045). IGFBP-5 mediated ten percent or less of the total effect of depressive symptoms on decline in global cognition and the cognitive domains (p > 0.070). LIMITATIONS Participants were volunteers and self-selection bias limits the generalizability of our findings. In addition, we used self-reported data on depressive symptoms. However, we also used data on depression medications as sensitivity analyses to confirm findings. CONCLUSIONS In old age, brain IGFBP-5 is associated with depressive symptoms and cognition. The association of depressive symptoms with cognitive decline is conditional on IGFBP-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana W. Capuano
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Corresponding author: Ana W. Capuano, Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, 1750 W Harrison, Suite 1009N Chicago, IL 60612 Phone: (312) 942-4823 Fax: (312) 942-2297
| | - Robert S. Wilson
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William G. Honer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Vladislav A. Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Sue E. Leurgans
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Gatchel
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA
| | - Steven Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Foveau B, Correia AS, Hébert SS, Rainone S, Potvin O, Kergoat MJ, Belleville S, Duchesne S, LeBlanc AC. Stem Cell-Derived Neurons as Cellular Models of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 67:893-910. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Foveau
- Bloomfield Center for Research in Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ana Sofia Correia
- Université Laval, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Axe neurosciences, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien S. Hébert
- Université Laval, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Axe neurosciences, Québec, Canada
| | - Sara Rainone
- Université Laval, Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Axe neurosciences, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Potvin
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Axe neurosciences, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Jeanne Kergoat
- Université de Montréal, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Belleville
- Université de Montréal, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon Duchesne
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Axe neurosciences, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Québec, Canada
| | - Andréa C. LeBlanc
- Bloomfield Center for Research in Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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36
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Winick-Ng W, Rylett RJ. Into the Fourth Dimension: Dysregulation of Genome Architecture in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29541020 PMCID: PMC5835833 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by synapse dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Understanding the development and progression of AD is challenging, as the disease is highly complex and multifactorial. Both environmental and genetic factors play a role in AD pathogenesis, highlighted by observations of complex DNA modifications at the single gene level, and by new evidence that also implicates changes in genome architecture in AD patients. The four-dimensional structure of chromatin in space and time is essential for context-dependent regulation of gene expression in post-mitotic neurons. Dysregulation of epigenetic processes have been observed in the aging brain and in patients with AD, though there is not yet agreement on the impact of these changes on transcription. New evidence shows that proteins involved in genome organization have altered expression and localization in the AD brain, suggesting that the genomic landscape may play a critical role in the development of AD. This review discusses the role of the chromatin organizers and epigenetic modifiers in post-mitotic cells, the aging brain, and in the development and progression of AD. How these new insights can be used to help determine disease risk and inform treatment strategies will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Winick-Ng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - R Jane Rylett
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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37
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Bhounsule AS, Bhatt LK, Prabhavalkar KS, Oza M. Cyclin dependent kinase 5: A novel avenue for Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Res Bull 2017; 132:28-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Bastos P, Ferreira R, Manadas B, Moreira PI, Vitorino R. Insights into the human brain proteome: Disclosing the biological meaning of protein networks in cerebrospinal fluid. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2017; 54:185-204. [PMID: 28393582 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2017.1299682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an excellent source of biological information regarding the nervous system, once it is in close contact and accurately reflects alterations in this system. Several studies have analyzed differential protein profiles of CSF samples between healthy and diseased human subjects. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms and how CSF proteins relate to diseases are still poorly known. By applying bioinformatics tools, we attempted to provide new insights on the biological and functional meaning of proteomics data envisioning the identification of putative disease biomarkers. Bioinformatics analysis of data retrieved from 99 mass spectrometry (MS)-based studies on CSF profiling highlighted 1985 differentially expressed proteins across 49 diseases. A large percentage of the modulated proteins originate from exosome vesicles, and the majority are involved in either neuronal cell growth, development, maturation, migration, or neurotransmitter-mediated cellular communication. Nevertheless, some diseases present a unique CSF proteome profile, which were critically analyzed in the present study. For instance, 48 proteins were found exclusively upregulated in the CSF of patients with Alzheimer's disease and are mainly involved in steroid esterification and protein activation cascade processes. A higher number of exclusively upregulated proteins were found in the CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis (76 proteins) and with bacterial meningitis (70 proteins). Whereas in multiple sclerosis, these proteins are mostly involved in the regulation of RNA metabolism and apoptosis, in bacterial meningitis the exclusively upregulated proteins participate in inflammation and antibacterial humoral response, reflecting disease pathogenesis. The exploration of the contribution of exclusively upregulated proteins to disease pathogenesis will certainly help to envision potential biomarkers in the CSF for the clinical management of nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Bastos
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal.,b Department of Medical Sciences , Institute for Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- c QOPNA, Department of Chemistry , University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- d CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Paula I Moreira
- d CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,e Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- b Department of Medical Sciences , Institute for Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro , Aveiro , Portugal.,f Departmento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina , Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
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39
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Guldbrandsen A, Farag Y, Kroksveen AC, Oveland E, Lereim RR, Opsahl JA, Myhr KM, Berven FS, Barsnes H. CSF-PR 2.0: An Interactive Literature Guide to Quantitative Cerebrospinal Fluid Mass Spectrometry Data from Neurodegenerative Disorders. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 16:300-309. [PMID: 27890865 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o116.064477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapidly growing number of biomedical studies supported by mass spectrometry based quantitative proteomics data has made it increasingly difficult to obtain an overview of the current status of the research field. A better way of organizing the biomedical proteomics information from these studies and making it available to the research community is therefore called for. In the presented work, we have investigated scientific publications describing the analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid proteome in relation to multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Based on a detailed set of filtering criteria we extracted 85 data sets containing quantitative information for close to 2000 proteins. This information was made available in CSF-PR 2.0 (http://probe.uib.no/csf-pr-2.0), which includes novel approaches for filtering, visualizing and comparing quantitative proteomics information in an interactive and user-friendly environment. CSF-PR 2.0 will be an invaluable resource for anyone interested in quantitative proteomics on cerebrospinal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Guldbrandsen
- From the ‡Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway.,§KG Jebsen Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Yehia Farag
- From the ‡Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway.,§KG Jebsen Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ann Cathrine Kroksveen
- From the ‡Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway.,§KG Jebsen Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Eystein Oveland
- From the ‡Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway.,§KG Jebsen Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ragnhild R Lereim
- From the ‡Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway.,§KG Jebsen Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jill A Opsahl
- From the ‡Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway.,§KG Jebsen Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell-Morten Myhr
- §KG Jebsen Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.,¶Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Registry and Biobank, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode S Berven
- From the ‡Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway; .,§KG Jebsen Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.,‖Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Harald Barsnes
- From the ‡Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway.,**Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.,‡‡Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
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40
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Kroksveen AC, Guldbrandsen A, Vaudel M, Lereim RR, Barsnes H, Myhr KM, Torkildsen Ø, Berven FS. In-Depth Cerebrospinal Fluid Quantitative Proteome and Deglycoproteome Analysis: Presenting a Comprehensive Picture of Pathways and Processes Affected by Multiple Sclerosis. J Proteome Res 2016; 16:179-194. [PMID: 27728768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we conducted a quantitative in-depth proteome and deglycoproteome analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and neurological controls using mass spectrometry and pathway analysis. More than 2000 proteins and 1700 deglycopeptides were quantified, with 484 proteins and 180 deglycopeptides significantly changed between pools of RRMS and pools of controls. Approximately 300 of the significantly changed proteins were assigned to various biological processes including inflammation, extracellular matrix organization, cell adhesion, immune response, and neuron development. Ninety-six significantly changed deglycopeptides mapped to proteins that were not found changed in the global protein study. In addition, four mapped to the proteins oligo-myelin glycoprotein and noelin, which were found oppositely changed in the global study. Both are ligands to the nogo receptor, and the glycosylation of these proteins appears to be affected by RRMS. Our study gives the most extensive overview of the RRMS affected processes observed from the CSF proteome to date, and the list of differential proteins will have great value for selection of biomarker candidates for further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Cathrine Kroksveen
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, ‡The KG Jebsen Centre for MS Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, §KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, and ⊥Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen , Bergen N-5009, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine and ∥The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Astrid Guldbrandsen
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, ‡The KG Jebsen Centre for MS Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, §KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, and ⊥Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen , Bergen N-5009, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine and ∥The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Marc Vaudel
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, ‡The KG Jebsen Centre for MS Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, §KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, and ⊥Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen , Bergen N-5009, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine and ∥The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Reehorst Lereim
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, ‡The KG Jebsen Centre for MS Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, §KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, and ⊥Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen , Bergen N-5009, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine and ∥The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Harald Barsnes
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, ‡The KG Jebsen Centre for MS Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, §KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, and ⊥Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen , Bergen N-5009, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine and ∥The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Kjell-Morten Myhr
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, ‡The KG Jebsen Centre for MS Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, §KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, and ⊥Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen , Bergen N-5009, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine and ∥The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Øivind Torkildsen
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, ‡The KG Jebsen Centre for MS Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, §KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, and ⊥Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen , Bergen N-5009, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine and ∥The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen N-5021, Norway
| | - Frode S Berven
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, ‡The KG Jebsen Centre for MS Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, §KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, and ⊥Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen , Bergen N-5009, Norway.,Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine and ∥The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen N-5021, Norway
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Briggs CA, Chakroborty S, Stutzmann GE. Emerging pathways driving early synaptic pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 483:988-997. [PMID: 27659710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The current state of the AD research field is highly dynamic is some respects, while seemingly stagnant in others. Regarding the former, our current lack of understanding of initiating disease mechanisms, the absence of effective treatment options, and the looming escalation of AD patients is energizing new research directions including a much-needed re-focusing on early pathogenic mechanisms, validating novel targets, and investigating relevant biomarkers, among other exciting new efforts to curb disease progression and foremost, preserve memory function. With regard to the latter, the recent disappointing series of failed Phase III clinical trials targeting Aβ and APP processing, in concert with poor association between brain Aβ levels and cognitive function, have led many to call for a re-evaluation of the primacy of the amyloid cascade hypothesis. In this review, we integrate new insights into one of the earliest described signaling abnormalities in AD pathogenesis, namely intracellular Ca2+ signaling disruptions, and focus on its role in driving synaptic deficits - which is the feature that does correlate with AD-associated memory loss. Excess Ca2+release from intracellular stores such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been well-described in cellular and animal models of AD, as well as human patients, and here we expand upon recent developments in ER-localized release channels such as the IP3R and RyR, and the recent emphasis on RyR2. Consistent with ER Ca2+ mishandling in AD are recent findings implicating aspects of SOCE, such as STIM2 function, and TRPC3 and TRPC6 levels. Other Ca2+-regulated organelles important in signaling and protein handling are brought into the discussion, with new perspectives on lysosomal regulation. These early signaling abnormalities are discussed in the context of synaptic pathophysiology and disruptions in synaptic plasticity with a particular emphasis on short-term plasticity deficits. Overall, we aim to update and expand the list of early neuronal signaling abnormalities implicated in AD pathogenesis, identify specific channels and organelles involved, and link these to proximal synaptic impairments driving the memory loss in AD. This is all within the broader goal of identifying novel therapeutic targets to preserve cognitive function in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark A Briggs
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Shreaya Chakroborty
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Grace E Stutzmann
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
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Aβ42-oligomer Interacting Peptide (AIP) neutralizes toxic amyloid-β42 species and protects synaptic structure and function. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15410. [PMID: 26510576 PMCID: PMC4625140 DOI: 10.1038/srep15410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) peptide is believed to be the main culprit in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD), impairing synaptic function and initiating neuronal degeneration. Soluble Aβ42 oligomers are highly toxic and contribute to progressive neuronal dysfunction, loss of synaptic spine density, and affect long-term potentiation (LTP). We have characterized a short, L-amino acid Aβ-oligomer Interacting Peptide (AIP) that targets a relatively well-defined population of low-n Aβ42 oligomers, rather than simply inhibiting the aggregation of Aβ monomers into oligomers. Our data show that AIP diminishes the loss of Aβ42-induced synaptic spine density and rescues LTP in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Notably, the AIP enantiomer (comprised of D-amino acids) attenuated the rough-eye phenotype in a transgenic Aβ42 fly model and significantly improved the function of photoreceptors of these flies in electroretinography tests. Overall, our results indicate that specifically “trapping” low-n oligomers provides a novel strategy for toxic Aβ42-oligomer recognition and removal.
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Multhaup G, Huber O, Buée L, Galas MC. Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Metabolites APP Intracellular Fragment (AICD), Aβ42, and Tau in Nuclear Roles. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:23515-22. [PMID: 26296890 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r115.677211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolites (amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides) and Tau are the main components of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the two histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease. Consequently, intense research has focused upon deciphering their physiological roles to understand their altered state in Alzheimer disease pathophysiology. Recently, the impact of APP metabolites (APP intracellular fragment (AICD) and Aβ) and Tau on the nucleus has emerged as an important, new topic. Here we discuss (i) how AICD, Aβ, and Tau reach the nucleus and how AICD and Aβ control protein expression at the transcriptional level, (ii) post-translational modifications of AICD, Aβ, and Tau, and (iii) what these three molecules have in common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Multhaup
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada,
| | - Otmar Huber
- the Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, D-07743 Jena, Germany, and
| | - Luc Buée
- the Jean Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, INSERM, CHU-Lille, UMR-S 1172, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marie-Christine Galas
- the Jean Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, INSERM, CHU-Lille, UMR-S 1172, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known as the most fatal chronic neurodegenerative disease in adults along with progressive loss of memory and other cognitive function disorders. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), a unique member of the cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), is reported to intimately associate with the process of the pathogenesis of AD. Cdk5 is of vital importance in the development of CNS and neuron movements such as neuronal migration and differentiation, synaptic functions, and memory consolidation. However, when neurons suffer from pathological stimuli, Cdk5 activity becomes hyperactive and causes aberrant hyperphosphorylation of various substrates of Cdk5 like amyloid precursor protein (APP), tau and neurofilament, resulting in neurodegenerative diseases like AD. Deregulation of Cdk5 contributes to an array of pathological events in AD, ranging from formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic damage, mitochondrial dysfunction to cell cycle reactivation as well as neuronal cell apoptosis. More importantly, an inhibition of Cdk5 activity with inhibitors such as RNA inference (RNAi) could protect from memory decline and neuronal cell loss through suppressing β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity and tauopathies. This review will briefly describe the above-mentioned possible roles of Cdk5 in the physiological and pathological mechanisms of AD, further discussing recent advances and challenges in Cdk5 as a therapeutic target.
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Qi H, Cantrelle FX, Benhelli-Mokrani H, Smet-Nocca C, Buée L, Lippens G, Bonnefoy E, Galas MC, Landrieu I. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy characterization of interaction of Tau with DNA and its regulation by phosphorylation. Biochemistry 2015; 54:1525-33. [PMID: 25623359 DOI: 10.1021/bi5014613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of endogenous Tau to bind DNA has been recently identified in neurons under physiological or oxidative stress conditions. Characterization of the protein domains involved in Tau-DNA complex formation is an essential first step in clarifying the contribution of Tau-DNA interactions to neurological biological processes. To identify the amino acid residues involved in the interaction of Tau with oligonucleotides, we have characterized a Tau-DNA complex using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Interaction of an AT-rich or GC-rich 22 bp oligonucleotide with Tau showed multiple points of anchoring along the intrinsically disordered Tau protein. The main sites of contact characterized here correspond to the second half of the proline-rich domain (PRD) of Tau and the R2 repeat in the microtubule binding domain. This latter interaction site includes the PHF6* sequence known to govern Tau aggregation. The characterization was pursued by studying the binding of phosphorylated forms of Tau, displaying multiple phosphorylation sites mainly in the PRD, to the same oligonucleotide. No interaction of phospho-Tau with the oligonucleotide was detected, suggesting that pathological Tau phosphorylation could affect the physiological function of Tau mediated by DNA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoling Qi
- UMR8576 CNRS-Lille University , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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