1
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Almeria C, Weiss R, Keck M, Weber V, Kasper C, Egger D. Dynamic cultivation of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells for the production of extracellular vesicles in a 3D bioreactor system. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:279-293. [PMID: 38349512 PMCID: PMC10902030 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-024-03465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE 3D cell culture and hypoxia have been demonstrated to increase the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study, a process for the production of MSC-EVs in a novel 3D bioreactor system under normoxic and hypoxic conditions was established and the resulting EVs were characterized. METHODS Human adipose-derived MSCs were seeded and cultured on a 3D membrane in the VITVO® bioreactor system for 7 days. Afterwards, MSC-EVs were isolated and characterized via fluorescence nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry with staining against annexin V (Anx5) as a marker for EVs exposing phosphatidylserine, as well as CD73 and CD90 as MSC surface markers. RESULTS Cultivation of MSC in the VITVO® bioreactor system demonstrated a higher concentration of MSC-EVs from the 3D bioreactor (9.1 × 109 ± 1.5 × 109 and 9.7 × 109 ± 3.1 × 109 particles/mL) compared to static 2D culture (4.2 × 109 ± 7.5 × 108 and 3.9 × 109 ± 3.0 × 108 particles/mL) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, respectively. Also, the particle-to-protein ratio as a measure for the purity of EVs increased from 3.3 × 107 ± 1.1 × 107 particles/µg protein in 2D to 1.6 × 108 ± 8.3 × 106 particles/µg protein in 3D. Total MSC-EVs as well as CD73-CD90+ MSC-EVs were elevated in 2D normoxic conditions. The EV concentration and size did not differ significantly between normoxic and hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSION The production of MSC-EVs in a 3D bioreactor system under hypoxic conditions resulted in increased EV concentration and purity. This system could be especially useful in screening culture conditions for the production of 3D-derived MSC-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarra Almeria
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Culture Technology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - René Weiss
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Maike Keck
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Agaplesion Diakonieklinikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Culture Technology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Egger
- Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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2
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Mohamed SA, Duffy A, McInerney V, Krawczyk J, Hayat A, Naughton S, Finnerty A, Holohan M, Liew A, Tubassam M, Walsh SR, O'Brien T, Howard L. Marrow changes and reduced proliferative capacity of mesenchymal stromal cells from patients with "no-option" critical limb ischemia; observations on feasibility of the autologous approach from a clinical trial. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:1259-1267. [PMID: 35999133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Approximately 1 in 3 patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) are not suitable for surgical or endovascular revascularization. Those "no-option" patients are at high risk of amputation and death. Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may provide a limb salvage option. In this study, bone marrow characteristics and expansion potentials of CLI-derived MSCs produced during a phase 1b clinical trial were compared with young healthy donor MSCs to determine the feasibility of an autologous approach. Cells were produced under Good Manufacturing Practice conditions and underwent appropriate release testing. METHODS Five bone marrow aspirates derived from patients with CLI were compared with six young healthy donor marrows in terms of number of colony-forming units-fibroblast (CFUF) and mononuclear cells. The mean population doubling times and final cell yields were used to evaluate expansion potential. The effect of increasing the volume of marrow on the CFUF count and final cell yield was evaluated by comparing 5 CLI-derived MSCs batches produced from a targeted 30 mL of marrow aspirate to five batches produced from a targeted 100 mL of marrow. RESULTS CLI-derived marrow aspirate showed significantly lower numbers of mononuclear cells with no difference in the number of CFUFs when compared with healthy donors' marrow aspirate. CLI-derived MSCs showed a significantly longer population doubling time and reduced final cell yield compared with young healthy donors' MSCs. The poor growth kinetics of CLI MSCs were not mitigated by increasing the bone marrow aspirate from 30 to 100 mL. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the previously reported karyotype abnormalities in MSCs isolated from patients with CLI, but not in cells from healthy donors, the feasibility of autologous transplantation of bone marrow MSCs for patients with no-option CLI is further limited by the increased expansion time and the reduced cell yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Azhari Mohamed
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aoife Duffy
- Centre for Cell Manufacturing Ireland, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Veronica McInerney
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Janusz Krawczyk
- Galway Blood and Tissue Establishment, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Amjad Hayat
- Galway Blood and Tissue Establishment, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sean Naughton
- Galway Blood and Tissue Establishment, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew Finnerty
- Centre for Cell Manufacturing Ireland, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Miriam Holohan
- Centre for Cell Manufacturing Ireland, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aaron Liew
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Muhammad Tubassam
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Stewart Redmond Walsh
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Timothy O'Brien
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Centre for Cell Manufacturing Ireland, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Linda Howard
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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3
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Hohenwallner K, Troppmair N, Panzenboeck L, Kasper C, El Abiead Y, Koellensperger G, Lamp LM, Hartler J, Egger D, Rampler E. Decoding Distinct Ganglioside Patterns of Native and Differentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells by a Novel Glycolipidomics Profiling Strategy. JACS AU 2022; 2:2466-2480. [PMID: 36465531 PMCID: PMC9709940 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides are an indispensable glycolipid class concentrated on cell surfaces with a critical role in stem cell differentiation. Nonetheless, owing to the lack of suitable methods for scalable analysis covering the full scope of ganglioside molecular diversity, their mechanistic properties in signaling and differentiation remain undiscovered to a large extent. This work introduces a sensitive and comprehensive ganglioside assay based on liquid chromatography, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and multistage fragmentation. Complemented by an open-source data evaluation workflow, we provide automated in-depth lipid species-level and molecular species-level annotation based on decision rule sets for all major ganglioside classes. Compared to conventional state-of-the-art methods, the presented ganglioside assay offers (1) increased sensitivity, (2) superior structural elucidation, and (3) the possibility to detect novel ganglioside species. A major reason for the highly improved sensitivity is the optimized spectral readout based on the unique capability of two parallelizable mass analyzers for multistage fragmentation. We demonstrated the high-throughput universal capability of our novel analytical strategy by identifying 254 ganglioside species. As a proof of concept, 137 unique gangliosides were annotated in native and differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells including 78 potential cell-state-specific markers and 38 previously unreported gangliosides. A general increase of the ganglioside numbers upon differentiation was observed as well as cell-state-specific clustering based on the ganglioside species patterns. The combination of the developed glycolipidomics assay with the extended automated annotation tool enables comprehensive in-depth ganglioside characterization as shown on biological samples of interest. Our results suggest ganglioside patterns as a promising quality control tool for stem cells and their differentiation products. Additionally, we believe that our analytical workflow paves the way for probing glycolipid-based biochemical processes shedding light on the enigmatic processes of gangliosides and glycolipids in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hohenwallner
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Nina Troppmair
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Lisa Panzenboeck
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Institute
of Cell and Tissue Culture Technologies, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Yasin El Abiead
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Leonida M. Lamp
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Jürgen Hartler
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
- Field
of Excellence BioHealth − University
of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Dominik Egger
- Institute
of Cell and Tissue Culture Technologies, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Evelyn Rampler
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
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4
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Preclinical Evaluation of the Tumorigenic and Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Populations with Clonal Trisomy 5. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:1613636. [PMID: 36035513 PMCID: PMC9417782 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1613636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic aberrations may emerge in human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) during ex vivo expansion for cell therapy. We have detected clonal trisomy 5 in two distinct autologous MSC products expanded from bone marrow which, based on the current quality control criteria, could not be released for clinical use. Although a safety concern, it is still unclear to what extent recurrent aneuploidies detected in MSC products may affect the threshold for neoplastic transformation or the medicinal properties of these cells. We have carried out an exploratory preclinical study to evaluate these MSC products with clonal trisomy 5, regarding their oncogenic and immunomodulatory potential. Cell population growth in vitro was reduced in MSC cultures with clonal trisomy 5 compared with the population growth of their euploid MSC counterparts, based on a lower cumulative population doubling level, reduced cell proliferation index, and increased senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity. Subcutaneous injection of clinically relevant amount of MSC population, either with or without clonal trisomy 5, did not generate tumors in immunodeficient mice within a follow-up period of six months. Most importantly, MSC population with clonal trisomy 5 kept immunomodulatory properties upon interferon gamma (IFNγ) licensing, displaying overexpression of IDO, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, in a similar fashion than that of IFNγ-licensed euploid MSC. Our findings suggest that bone marrow MSC products with clonal trisomy 5 may retain their therapeutic potential, based on poor tumor initiating capability and preserved immunomodulatory potency. This preclinical evidence may further support the definition of release criteria of autologous MSC products for cell therapy under critical clinical scenarios. This trial is registered with Clinical Study registration number: RBR-29x2pr.
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5
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Capelli C, Frigerio S, Lisini D, Nava S, Gaipa G, Belotti D, Cabiati B, Budelli S, Lazzari L, Bagnarino J, Tanzi M, Comoli P, Perico N, Introna M, Golay J. A comprehensive report of long-term stability data for a range ATMPs: A need to develop guidelines for safe and harmonized stability studies. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:544-556. [PMID: 35177338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are novel drugs based on genes, cells or tissues developed to treat many different diseases. Stability studies of each new ATMP need to be performed to define its shelf life and guarantee efficacy and safety upon infusion, and these are presently based on guidelines originally drafted for standard pharmaceutical drugs, which have properties and are stored in conditions quite different from cell products. The aim of this report is to provide evidence-based information for stability studies on ATMPs that will facilitate the interlaboratory harmonization of practices in this area. METHODS We have collected and analyzed the results of stability studies on 19 different cell-based experimental ATMPs, produced by five authorized cell factories forming the Lombardy "Plagencell network" for use in 36 approved phase I/II clinical trials; most were cryopreserved and stored in liquid nitrogen vapors for 1 to 13 years. RESULTS The cell attributes collected in stability studies included cell viability, immunophenotype and potency assays, in particular immunosuppression, cytotoxicity, cytokine release and proliferation/differentiation capacity. Microbiological attributes including sterility, endotoxin levels and mycoplasma contamination were also analyzed. All drug products (DPs), cryopreserved in various excipients containing 10% DMSO and in different primary containers, were very stable long term at <-150°C and did not show any tendency for diminished viability or efficacy for up to 13.5 years. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that new guidelines for stability studies, specific for ATMPs and based on risk analyses, should be drafted to harmonize practices, significantly reduce the costs of stability studies without diminishing safety. Some specific suggestions are presented in the discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Capelli
- Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Fondazione per la Ricerca Ospedale di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Simona Frigerio
- Cell Therapy Production Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Lisini
- Cell Therapy Production Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Nava
- Cell Therapy Production Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gaipa
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy Stefano Verri, ASST Monza Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Daniela Belotti
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy Stefano Verri, ASST Monza Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cabiati
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy Stefano Verri, ASST Monza Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Budelli
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Jessica Bagnarino
- UOSD Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Tanzi
- UOSD Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- UOSD Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Norberto Perico
- Aldo & Cele Daccò Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Martino Introna
- Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Josée Golay
- Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Fondazione per la Ricerca Ospedale di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
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6
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Egger D, Lavrentieva A, Kugelmeier P, Kasper C. Physiologic isolation and expansion of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells for manufacturing of cell‐based therapy products. Eng Life Sci 2021; 22:361-372. [PMID: 35382547 PMCID: PMC8961040 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells raises new hopes in treatment of diseases and pathological conditions, while at the same time bringing immense challenges for researchers, manufacturers and physicians. It is essential to consider all steps along the in vitro fabrication of cell‐based products in order to reach efficient and reproducible treatment outcomes. Here, the optimal protocols for isolation, cultivation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells are required. In this review we discuss these aspects and their influence on the final cell‐based product quality. We demonstrate that physiological in vitro cell cultivation conditions play a crucial role in therapeutic functionalities of cultivated cells. We show that three‐dimensional cell culture, dynamic culture conditions and physiologically relevant in vitro oxygen concentrations during isolation and expansion make a decisive contribution towards the improvement of cell‐based products in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Egger
- Department of Biotechnology University of Natural Resources and Life Science Vienna Austria
| | - Antonina Lavrentieva
- Institute of Technical Chemistry Leibniz University of Hannover Hannover Germany
| | | | - Cornelia Kasper
- Department of Biotechnology University of Natural Resources and Life Science Vienna Austria
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7
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Bouland C, Philippart P, Dequanter D, Corrillon F, Loeb I, Bron D, Lagneaux L, Meuleman N. Cross-Talk Between Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) and Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) in Bone Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:674084. [PMID: 34079804 PMCID: PMC8166285 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.674084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a complex, well-orchestrated process based on the interactions between osteogenesis and angiogenesis, observed in both physiological and pathological situations. However, specific conditions (e.g., bone regeneration in large quantity, immunocompromised regenerative process) require additional support. Tissue engineering offers novel strategies. Bone regeneration requires a cell source, a matrix, growth factors and mechanical stimulation. Regenerative cells, endowed with proliferation and differentiation capacities, aim to recover, maintain, and improve bone functions. Vascularization is mandatory for bone formation, skeletal development, and different osseointegration processes. The latter delivers nutrients, growth factors, oxygen, minerals, etc. The development of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) cocultures has shown synergy between the two cell populations. The phenomena of osteogenesis and angiogenesis are intimately intertwined. Thus, cells of the endothelial line indirectly foster osteogenesis, and conversely, MSCs promote angiogenesis through different interaction mechanisms. In addition, various studies have highlighted the importance of the microenvironment via the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). These EVs stimulate bone regeneration and angiogenesis. In this review, we describe (1) the phenomenon of bone regeneration by different sources of MSCs. We assess (2) the input of EPCs in coculture in bone regeneration and describe their contribution to the osteogenic potential of MSCs. We discuss (3) the interaction mechanisms between MSCs and EPCs in the context of osteogenesis: direct or indirect contact, production of growth factors, and the importance of the microenvironment via the release of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Bouland
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Philippart
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, IRIS South Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier Dequanter
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florent Corrillon
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Loeb
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saint-Pierre Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bron
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Meuleman
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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8
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Bao X, Wang J, Zhou G, Aszodi A, Schönitzer V, Scherthan H, Atkinson MJ, Rosemann M. Extended in vitro culture of primary human mesenchymal stem cells downregulates Brca1-related genes and impairs DNA double-strand break recognition. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1238-1250. [PMID: 32333827 PMCID: PMC7327915 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multilineage adult stem cells with considerable potential for cell‐based regenerative therapies. In vitro expansion changes their epigenetic and cellular properties, with a poorly understood impact on DNA damage response (DDR) and genome stability. We report here results of a transcriptome‐based pathway analysis of in vitro‐expanded human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (hBM‐MSCs), supplemented with cellular assays focusing on DNA double‐strand break (DSB) repair. Gene pathways affected by in vitro aging were mapped using gene ontology, KEGG, and GSEA, and were found to involve DNA repair, homologous recombination (HR), cell cycle control, and chromosomal replication. Assays for the recognition (γ‐H2AX + 53BP1 foci) and repair (pBRCA1 + γ‐H2AX foci) of X‐ray‐induced DNA DSBs in hBM‐MSCs show that over a period of 8 weeks of in vitro aging (i.e., about 10 doubling times), cells exhibit a reduced DDR and a higher fraction of residual DNA damage. Furthermore, a distinct subpopulation of cells with impaired DNA DSB recognition was observed. Several genes that participate in DNA repair by HR (e.g., Rad51, Rad54, BRCA1) show a 2.3‐ to fourfold reduction of their mRNA expression by qRT‐PCR. We conclude that the in vitro expansion of hMSCs can lead to aging‐related impairment of the recognition and repair of DNA breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanwen Bao
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Medical Graduate School, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Medical Graduate School, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Guangming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Attila Aszodi
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Schönitzer
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael J Atkinson
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Radiation Biology, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Rosemann
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Medical Graduate School, Technical University of Munich, Germany
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9
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Vennila R, Raja Sundari M Sundaram, Selvaraj S, Srinivasan P, Pathak S, Rupert S, Rajagopal S. Effect of Human Platelet Lysate in Differentiation of Wharton's Jelly Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:1177-1191. [PMID: 30819088 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190226165910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are highly preferred in clinical therapy for repair and regeneration of diseased tissues for their multipotent properties. Conventionally, MSCs have been cultured in media supplemented with animal derived serum, however, it is ideal to expand MSCs in media containing supplements of human origin for clinical therapy. Currently, a number of human derived products are being studied as an alternative to animal sources. Amongst these, platelet lysate (PL) has gained interest in the culture of MSCs without affecting their phenotypic property. OBJECTIVE In this study, we used various concentration of PL (2.5, 5, 7.5 & 10%) in the growth medium of MSCs to identify the least concentration of PL that could be an effective alternative to animal products. METHODS MSCs were isolated from Wharton's Jelly by using explant method and expanded in various concentration of PL supplemented medium against the standard FBS containing medium. WJ-MSCs were characterised as per the minimal criteria proposed by International Society for Cell therapy (ISCT), Proliferation study by BrdU assay, gene expression study by qRT-PCR, sterility test for bacteria, Mycoplasma by PCR and endotoxin detection by LAL assay. RESULTS Whartons jelly derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) cultured using standard medium supplemented with various concentration of PL exhibited enhanced proliferation and differentiation potential, unaltered immunophenotypic property and genetic stability when compared with the commercial medium containing 10% FBS. CONCLUSION The least concentration of PL for an ideal expansion of MSCs was found to be 2.5% and was comparable to FBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosy Vennila
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Government, Stanley Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Sakthivel Selvaraj
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Government, Stanley Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Prasanna Srinivasan
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Government, Stanley Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Secunda Rupert
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Government, Stanley Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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10
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Guadix JA, López-Beas J, Clares B, Soriano-Ruiz JL, Zugaza JL, Gálvez-Martín P. Principal Criteria for Evaluating the Quality, Safety and Efficacy of hMSC-Based Products in Clinical Practice: Current Approaches and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11110552. [PMID: 31652984 PMCID: PMC6921040 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) play an important role as new therapeutic alternatives in advanced therapies and regenerative medicine thanks to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, and ability to migrate to the exact area of injury. These properties have made hMSCs one of the more promising cellular active substances at present, particularly in terms of the development of new and innovative hMSC-based products. Currently, numerous clinical trials are being conducted to evaluate the therapeutic activity of hMSC-based products on specific targets. Given the rapidly growing number of hMSC clinical trials in recent years and the complexity of these products due to their cellular component characteristics and medicinal product status, there is a greater need to define more stringent, specific, and harmonized requirements to characterize the quality of the hMSCs and enhance the analysis of their safety and efficacy in final products to be administered to patients. These requirements should be implemented throughout the manufacturing process to guarantee the function and integrity of hMSCs and to ensure that the hMSC-based final product consistently meets its specifications across batches. This paper describes the principal phases involved in the design of the manufacturing process and updates the specific technical requirements needed to address the appropriate clinical use of hMSC-based products. The challenges and limitations to evaluating the safety, efficacy, and quality of hMSCs have been also reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Guadix
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA), Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga E-29071, Spain.
- BIONAND, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Málaga), c/ Severo Ochoa nº25, Campanillas, Málaga E-29590, Spain.
| | - Javier López-Beas
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville 41092, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Clares
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada E-18071, Spain.
| | - José Luis Soriano-Ruiz
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada E-18071, Spain.
| | - José Luis Zugaza
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa E-48940, Spain.
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, building 205, Zamudio E-48170, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, Bilbao E-48013, Spain.
| | - Patricia Gálvez-Martín
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada E-18071, Spain.
- R&D Human Health, Bioibérica S.A.U., Barcelona E-08029, Spain.
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11
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Hladik D, Höfig I, Oestreicher U, Beckers J, Matjanovski M, Bao X, Scherthan H, Atkinson MJ, Rosemann M. Long-term culture of mesenchymal stem cells impairs ATM-dependent recognition of DNA breaks and increases genetic instability. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:218. [PMID: 31358047 PMCID: PMC6664790 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attracting increasing interest for cell-based therapies, making use of both their immuno-modulating and regenerative potential. For such therapeutic applications, a massive in vitro expansion of donor cells is usually necessary to furnish sufficient material for transplantation. It is not established to what extent the long-term genomic stability and potency of MSCs can be compromised as a result of this rapid ex vivo expansion. In this study, we investigated the DNA damage response and chromosomal stability (indicated by micronuclei induction) after sub-lethal doses of gamma irradiation in murine MSCs at different stages of their in vitro expansion. METHODS Bone-marrow-derived tri-potent MSCs were explanted from 3-month-old female FVB/N mice and expanded in vitro for up to 12 weeks. DNA damage response and repair kinetics after gamma irradiation were quantified by the induction of γH2AX/53BP1 DSB repair foci. Micronuclei were counted in post-mitotic, binucleated cells using an automated image analyzer Metafer4. Involvement of DNA damage response pathways was tested using chemical ATM and DNA-PK inhibitors. RESULTS Murine bone-marrow-derived MSCs in long-term expansion culture gradually lose their ability to recognize endogenous and radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. This impaired DNA damage response, indicated by a decrease in the number of γH2AX/53BP1 DSB repair foci, was associated with reduced ATM dependency of foci formation, a slower DNA repair kinetics, and an increased number of residual DNA double-strand breaks 7 h post irradiation. In parallel with this impaired efficiency of DNA break recognition and repair in older MSCs, chromosomal instability after mitosis increased significantly as shown by a higher number of micronuclei, both spontaneously and induced by γ-irradiation. Multifactorial regression analysis demonstrates that in vitro aging reduced DNA damage recognition in MSCs after irradiation by a multiplicative interaction with dose (p < 0.0001), whereas the increased frequency of micronuclei was caused by an additive interaction between in vitro aging and radiation dose. CONCLUSION The detrimental impact of long-term in vitro expansion on DNA damage response of MSCs warrants a regular monitoring of this process during the ex vivo growth of these cells to improve therapeutic safety and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Hladik
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ines Höfig
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Present Address: BioNTech IMFS, Vollmersbachstr. 66, 55743, Idar-Oberstein, Germany
| | - Ursula Oestreicher
- BfS Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technische Universität München, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Martina Matjanovski
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Xuanwen Bao
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, University of Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael J Atkinson
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Radiation Biology, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Rosemann
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
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12
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Neri S. Genetic Stability of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Regenerative Medicine Applications: A Fundamental Biosafety Aspect. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102406. [PMID: 31096604 PMCID: PMC6566307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) show widespread application for a variety of clinical conditions; therefore, their use necessitates continuous monitoring of their safety. The risk assessment of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies cannot be separated from an accurate and deep knowledge of their biological properties and in vitro and in vivo behavior. One of the most relevant safety issues is represented by the genetic stability of MSCs, that can be altered during in vitro manipulation, frequently required before clinical application. MSC genetic stability has the potential to influence the transformation and the therapeutic effect of these cells. At present, karyotype evaluation represents the definitely prevailing assessment of MSC stability, but DNA alterations of smaller size should not be underestimated. This review will focus on current scientific knowledge about the genetic stability of mesenchymal stem cells. The techniques used and possible improvements together with regulatory aspects will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Neri
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
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13
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Peltzer J, Aletti M, Frescaline N, Busson E, Lataillade JJ, Martinaud C. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Based Therapy in Systemic Sclerosis: Rational and Challenges. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2013. [PMID: 30271402 PMCID: PMC6146027 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a rare chronic disease, related to autoimmune connective tissue diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Sjögren's Syndrome. Although its clinical heterogeneity, main features of the disease are: extensive tissue fibrosis with increase matrix deposition in skin and internal organ, microvascular alterations and activation of the immune system with autoantibodies against various cellular antigens. In the diffuse cutaneous scleroderma subtype, the disease is rapidly progressive with a poor prognosis, leading to failure of almost any internal organ, especially lung which is the leading cause of death. Primary trigger is unknown but may involve an immune process against mesenchymal cells in a genetically receptive host. Pathophysiology reveals a pivotal role of fibrosis and inflammation alterations implicating different cell subtypes, cytokines and growth factors, autoantibodies and reactive oxygen species. Despite improvement, the overall survival of SSc patients is still lower than that of other inflammatory diseases. Recommended drugs are agents capable of modulating fibrotic and inflammatory pathways. Cellular therapy has recently emerged as a credible option. Besides autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation which demonstrated remarkable improvement, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represent promising therapeutic candidates. Indeed, these cells possess anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antifibrotic, and immunomodulary properties especially by secreting a large panel of bioactive molecules, addressing the most important key points of the SSc. In addition, these cells are very sensitive to their environment and are able to modulate their activity according to the pathophysiological context in which they are located. Autologous or allogeneic MSCs from various sources have been tested in many trials in different auto-immune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease or systemic lupus erythematosus. They are characterized by a broad availability and no or low acute toxicity. However, few randomized prospective clinical trials were published and their production under ATMP regulatory procedures is complex and time-consuming. Many aspects have still to be addressed to ascertain their potential as well as the potential of their derived products in the management of SSc, probably in association with other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Peltzer
- Unité de Thérapie tissulaire et traumatologie de guerre, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Marc Aletti
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Percy, Clamart, France
| | - Nadira Frescaline
- UMR7648 Laboratoire de physique des plasmas, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Elodie Busson
- Unité de Médicaments de Thérapie Innovante, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Lataillade
- Unité de Thérapie tissulaire et traumatologie de guerre, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Clamart, France
| | - Christophe Martinaud
- Unité de Médicaments de Thérapie Innovante, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées, Clamart, France
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14
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Zhang L, Yu J, Wei W. Advance in Targeted Immunotherapy for Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1087. [PMID: 29868032 PMCID: PMC5964137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a serious and deadly complication of patients, who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Despite prophylactic treatment with immunosuppressive agents, 20–80% of recipients develop acute GVHD after HSCT. And the incidence rates of chronic GVHD range from 6 to 80%. Standard therapeutic strategies are still lacking, although considerable advances have been gained in knowing of the predisposing factors, pathology, and diagnosis of GVHD. Targeting immune cells, such as regulatory T cells, as well as tolerogenic dendritic cells or mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) display considerable benefit in the relief of GVHD through the deletion of alloactivated T cells. Monoclonal antibodies targeting cytokines or signaling molecules have been demonstrated to be beneficial for the prevention of GVHD. However, these remain to be verified in clinical therapy. It is also important and necessary to consider adopting individualized treatment based on GVHD subtypes, pathological mechanisms involved and stages. In the future, it is hoped that the identification of novel therapeutic targets and systematic research strategies may yield novel safe and effective approaches in clinic to improve outcomes of GVHD further. In this article, we reviewed the current advances in targeted immunotherapy for the prevention of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Education, Ministry of China, Anti-Inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Education, Ministry of China, Anti-Inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
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15
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Ubiquitin C decrement plays a pivotal role in replicative senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:139. [PMID: 29382826 PMCID: PMC5833785 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human bone marrow-mesenchymal stromal cells (hBM-MSCs) undergo cellular senescence during in vitro culture. In this study, we defined this replicative senescence as impaired proliferation, deterioration in representative cell characteristics, accumulated DNA damage, and decreased telomere length and telomerase activity with or without genomic abnormalities. The UBC gene expression gradually decreased during passaging along with the reduction in series of molecules including hub genes; CDK1, CCNA2, MCM10, E2F1, BRCA1, HIST1H1A and HIST1H3B. UBC knockdown in hBM-MSCs induced impaired proliferation in dose-dependent manner and showed replicative senescence-like phenomenon. Gene expression changes after UBC knockdown were similar to late passage hBM-MSCs. Additionally, UBC overexpession improved the proliferation activity of hBM-MSCs accompanied by increased expression of the hub genes. Consequently, UBC worked in higher-order through regulation of the hub genes controlling cell cycle and proliferation. These results indicate that the decrement of UBC expression plays a pivotal role in replicative senescence of hBM-MSCs.
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16
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Zhao G, Liu X, Zhu K, He X. Hydrogel Encapsulation Facilitates Rapid-Cooling Cryopreservation of Stem Cell-Laden Core-Shell Microcapsules as Cell-Biomaterial Constructs. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201700988. [PMID: 29178480 PMCID: PMC5729581 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Core-shell structured stem cell microencapsulation in hydrogel has wide applications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and cell-based therapies because it offers an ideal immunoisolative microenvironment for cell delivery and 3D culture. Long-term storage of such microcapsules as cell-biomaterial constructs by cryopreservation is an enabling technology for their wide distribution and ready availability for clinical transplantation. However, most of the existing studies focus on cryopreservation of single cells or cells in microcapsules without a core-shell structure (i.e., hydrogel beads). The goal of this study is to achieve cryopreservation of stem cells encapsulated in core-shell microcapsules as cell-biomaterial constructs or biocomposites. To this end, a capillary microfluidics-based core-shell alginate hydrogel encapsulation technology is developed to produce porcine adipose-derived stem cell-laden microcapsules for vitreous cryopreservation with very low concentration (2 mol L-1 ) of cell membrane penetrating cryoprotective agents (CPAs) by suppressing ice formation. This may provide a low-CPA and cost-effective approach for vitreous cryopreservation of "ready-to-use" stem cell-biomaterial constructs, facilitating their off-the-shelf availability and widespread applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhu
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Xiaoming He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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17
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Pustovalova M, Grekhova A, Astrelina Т, Nikitina V, Dobrovolskaya E, Suchkova Y, Kobzeva I, Usupzhanova D, Vorobyeva N, Samoylov A, Bushmanov A, Ozerov IV, Zhavoronkov A, Leonov S, Klokov D, Osipov AN. Accumulation of spontaneous γH2AX foci in long-term cultured mesenchymal stromal cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:3498-3506. [PMID: 27959319 PMCID: PMC5270682 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Expansion of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) used in clinical practices may be associated with accumulation of genetic instability. Understanding temporal and mechanistic aspects of this process is important for improving stem cell therapy protocols. We used γH2AX foci as a marker of a genetic instability event and quantified it in MSCs that undergone various numbers of passage (3-22). We found that γH2AX foci numbers increased in cells of late passages, with a sharp increase at passage 16-18. By measuring in parallel foci of ATM phosphorylated at Ser-1981 and their co-localization with γH2AX foci, along with differentiating cells into proliferating and resting by using a Ki67 marker, we conclude that the sharp increase in γH2AX foci numbers was ATM-independent and happened predominantly in proliferating cells. At the same time, gradual and moderate increase in γH2AX foci with passage number seen in both resting and proliferating cells may represent a slow, DNA double-strand break related component of the accumulation of genetic instability in MSCs. Our results provide important information on selecting appropriate passage numbers exceeding which would be associated with substantial risks to a patient-recipient, both with respect to therapeutic efficiency and side-effects related to potential neoplastic transformations due to genetic instability acquired by MSCs during expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Pustovalova
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Anna Grekhova
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Тatiana Astrelina
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Viktoria Nikitina
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Dobrovolskaya
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Yulia Suchkova
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Irina Kobzeva
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Darya Usupzhanova
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Natalia Vorobyeva
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Samoylov
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Andrey Bushmanov
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Ivan V Ozerov
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), Moscow 123098, Russia.,Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University at Eastern, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University at Eastern, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.,Life Sciences Center, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - Sergey Leonov
- Life Sciences Center, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - Dmitry Klokov
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON K0J1P0, Canada
| | - Andreyan N Osipov
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC-FMBC), Moscow 123098, Russia.,Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University at Eastern, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.,Life Sciences Center, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
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18
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Batsali AK, Pontikoglou C, Koutroulakis D, Pavlaki KI, Damianaki A, Mavroudi I, Alpantaki K, Kouvidi E, Kontakis G, Papadaki HA. Differential expression of cell cycle and WNT pathway-related genes accounts for differences in the growth and differentiation potential of Wharton's jelly and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:102. [PMID: 28446235 PMCID: PMC5406919 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In view of the current interest in exploring the clinical use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different sources, we performed a side-by-side comparison of the biological properties of MSCs isolated from the Wharton’s jelly (WJ), the most abundant MSC source in umbilical cord, with bone marrow (BM)-MSCs, the most extensively studied MSC population. Methods MSCs were isolated and expanded from BM aspirates of hematologically healthy donors (n = 18) and from the WJ of full-term neonates (n = 18). We evaluated, in parallel experiments, the MSC immunophenotypic, survival and senescence characteristics as well as their proliferative potential and cell cycle distribution. We also assessed the expression of genes associated with the WNT- and cell cycle-signaling pathway and we performed karyotypic analysis through passages to evaluate the MSC genomic stability. The hematopoiesis-supporting capacity of MSCs from both sources was investigated by evaluating the clonogenic cells in the non-adherent fraction of MSC co-cultures with BM or umbilical cord blood-derived CD34+ cells and by measuring the hematopoietic cytokines levels in MSC culture supernatants. Finally, we evaluated the ability of MSCs to differentiate into adipocytes and osteocytes and the effect of the WNT-associated molecules WISP-1 and sFRP4 on the differentiation potential of WJ-MSCs. Results Both ex vivo-expanded MSC populations showed similar morphologic, immunophenotypic, survival and senescence characteristics and acquired genomic alterations at low frequency during passages. WJ-MSCs exhibited higher proliferative potential, possibly due to upregulation of genes that stimulate cell proliferation along with downregulation of genes related to cell cycle inhibition. WJ-MSCs displayed inferior lineage priming and differentiation capacity toward osteocytes and adipocytes, compared to BM-MSCs. This finding was associated with differential expression of molecules related to WNT signaling, including WISP1 and sFRP4, the respective role of which in the differentiation potential of WJ-MSCs was specifically investigated. Interestingly, treatment of WJ-MSCs with recombinant human WISP1 or sFRP4 resulted in induction of osteogenesis and adipogenesis, respectively. WJ-MSCs exhibited inferior hematopoiesis-supporting potential probably due to reduced production of stromal cell-Derived Factor-1α, compared to BM-MSCs. Conclusions Overall, these data are anticipated to contribute to the better characterization of WJ-MSCs and BM-MSCs for potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristea K Batsali
- University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece.,Graduate Program "Molecular Basis of Human Disease", University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Koutroulakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | | | - Irene Mavroudi
- University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Alpantaki
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - George Kontakis
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
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19
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He X. Microscale Biomaterials with Bioinspired Complexity of Early Embryo Development and in the Ovary for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:2692-2701. [PMID: 29367949 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) are attracting more and more attention for treating various diseases in modern medicine. Various biomaterials including hydrogels and scaffolds have been developed to prepare cells (particularly stem cells) and tissues under 3D conditions for TERM applications. Although these biomaterials are usually homogeneous in early studies, effort has been made recently to generate biomaterials with the spatiotemporal complexities present in the native milieu of the specific cells and tissues under investigation. In this communication, the microfluidic and coaxial electrospray approaches that we used for generating microscale biomaterials with the spatial complexity of both pre-hatching embryos and ovary in the female reproductive system were introduced. This is followed by an overview of our recent work on applying the resultant bioinspired biomaterials for cultivation of normal and cancer stem cells, regeneration of cardiac tissue, and culture of ovarian follicles. The cardiac regeneration studies show the importance of using different biomaterials to engineer stem cells at different stages (i.e., in vitro culture versus in vivo implantation) for tissue regeneration. All the studies demonstrate the merit of accounting for bioinspired complexities in engineering cells and tissues for TERM applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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20
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Kouvidi E, Stratigi A, Batsali A, Mavroudi I, Mastrodemou S, Ximeri M, Papadaki HA, Pontikoglou CG. Cytogenetic evaluation of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes at different time-points during ex vivo expansion. Leuk Res 2016; 43:24-32. [PMID: 26930455 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) possess abnormal characteristics and are actively involved in disease pathogenesis. Nevertheless, it is controversial whether these cells harbor clonal cytogenetic aberrations. To probe more deeply into this issue, in the present study we used conventional G-banding and FISH analysis to assess the clonal chromosomal abnormalities of hematopoietic cells (HCs) and cultured MSCs, from 29 MDS patients and 25 healthy individuals, at early, intermediate and late passage. Variable clonal cytogenetic aberrations were detected in HCs from 31% and in MSCs from 34% of MDS patients. Clonal chromosomal abnormalities in MSCs were detected even in patients without aberrations in HCs. They were mostly numerical and always differed from those in HCs from the same individual. Clonal chromosomal abnormalities did not seem to confer a proliferative and/or survival advantage to MSCs. HCs from normal donors harbored no cytogenetic abnormalities, whereas trisomy of chromosome 5 was detected in MSCs from 16% of healthy individuals, in line with other studies. Our results suggest that MDS-derived BM-MSCs are genetically unstable. The significance of this observation in the biology of MSCs and MDS pathogenesis is still unknown and warrants further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Kouvidi
- Department of Hematology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Stratigi
- Department of Hematology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristea Batsali
- Department of Hematology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece; Graduate Program "Molecular Basis of Human Disease", University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Irene Mavroudi
- Department of Hematology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Semeli Mastrodemou
- Department of Hematology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Ximeri
- Department of Hematology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Helen A Papadaki
- Department of Hematology, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
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21
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Stultz BG, McGinnis K, Thompson EE, Lo Surdo JL, Bauer SR, Hursh DA. Chromosomal stability of mesenchymal stromal cells during in vitro culture. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:336-43. [PMID: 26780865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are being investigated for use in cell therapy. The extensive in vitro expansion necessary to obtain sufficient cells for clinical use increases the risk that genetically abnormal cells will arise and be propagated during cell culture. Genetic abnormalities may lead to transformation and poor performance in clinical use, and are a critical safety concern for cell therapies using MSCs. METHODS We used spectral karyotyping (SKY) to investigate the genetic stability of human MSCs from ten donors during passaging. RESULTS Our data indicate that chromosomal abnormalities exist in MSCs at early passages and can be clonally propagated. The karyotypic abnormalities observed during our study diminished during passage. CONCLUSIONS Karyotyping of MSCs reveals characteristics which may be valuable in deciding the suitability of cells for further use. Karyotypic analysis is useful for monitoring the genetic stability of MSCs during expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Stultz
- Division of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathleen McGinnis
- Division of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Elaine E Thompson
- Division of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica L Lo Surdo
- Division of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven R Bauer
- Division of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah A Hursh
- Division of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
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22
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23
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Torre ML, Lucarelli E, Guidi S, Ferrari M, Alessandri G, De Girolamo L, Pessina A, Ferrero I. Ex Vivo Expanded Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Minimal Quality Requirements for Clinical Application. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:677-85. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrico Lucarelli
- Osteoarticolar Regeneration Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Guidi
- CTP Tecnologie di Processo S.p.A. Advanced Therapy Division, Poggibonsi, Siena, Italy
| | - Maura Ferrari
- Cell Culture Centre, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulio Alessandri
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, IRCCS Neurological Institute, Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura De Girolamo
- Orthopedic Biotechnology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Augusto Pessina
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivana Ferrero
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, City of Health and Science of Turin, Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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24
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Rao W, Huang H, Wang H, Zhao S, Dumbleton J, Zhao G, He X. Nanoparticle-mediated intracellular delivery enables cryopreservation of human adipose-derived stem cells using trehalose as the sole cryoprotectant. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:5017-28. [PMID: 25679454 PMCID: PMC4734639 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, pH responsive genipin-cross-linked Pluronic F127-chitosan nanoparticles (GNPs) was synthesized to encapsulate trehalose for intracellular delivery to cryopreserve primary human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). Trehalose is a disaccharide of glucose used by lower organisms to survive extreme cold in nature and has been used to cryopreserve various biomacromolecules. However, it does not enter mammalian cells because of its highly hydrophilic nature, and has only been used in combination with other cell-penetrating cryoprotectants (such as dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO) to cryopreserve mammalian cells. Our data show that trehalose can be efficiently encapsulated in our GNPs for intracellular delivery, which enables cryopreservation of primary hADSCs using the nontoxic sugar as the sole cryoprotectant. This capability is important because the conventional approach of cryopreserving mammalian cells using highly toxic (at body temperature) cell-penetrating cryoprotectants requires multistep washing of the cryopreserved cells to remove the toxic cryoprotectant for further use, which is time-consuming and associated with significant cell loss (∼10% during each washing step). By contrast, the trehalose-cryopreserved cells can be used without washing, which should greatly facilitate the wide application of the burgeoning cell-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, US
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Haishui Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, US
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, US
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, US
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shuting Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, US
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jenna Dumbleton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, US
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gang Zhao
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Xiaoming He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, US
- Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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