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Womersley FC, Rohner CA, Abrantes K, Afonso P, Arunrugstichai S, Bach SS, Bar S, Barash A, Barnes P, Barnett A, Boldrocchi G, Buffat N, Canon T, Perez CC, Chuangcharoendee M, Cochran JEM, de la Parra R, Diamant S, Driggers W, Dudgeon CL, Erdmann MV, Fitzpatrick R, Flam A, Fontes J, Francis G, Galvan BE, Graham RT, Green SM, Green JR, Grosmark Y, Guzman HM, Hardenstine RS, Harvey M, Harvey-Carroll J, Hasan AW, Hearn AR, Hendon JM, Putra MIH, Himawan MR, Hoffmayer E, Holmberg J, Hsu HH, Jaidah MY, Jansen A, Judd C, Kuguru B, Lester E, Macena BCL, Magson K, Maguiño R, Manjaji-Matsumoto M, Marcoux SD, Marcoux T, McKinney J, Meekan M, Mendoza A, Moazzam M, Monacella E, Norman B, Perry C, Pierce S, Prebble C, Macías DR, Raudino H, Reynolds S, Robinson D, Rowat D, Santos MD, Schmidt J, Scott C, See ST, Sianipar A, Speed CW, Syakurachman I, Tyne JA, Waples K, Winn C, Yuneni RR, Zareer I, Araujo G. Identifying priority sites for whale shark ship collision management globally. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:172776. [PMID: 38697520 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The expansion of the world's merchant fleet poses a great threat to the ocean's biodiversity. Collisions between ships and marine megafauna can have population-level consequences for vulnerable species. The Endangered whale shark (Rhincodon typus) shares a circumglobal distribution with this expanding fleet and tracking of movement pathways has shown that large vessel collisions pose a major threat to the species. However, it is not yet known whether they are also at risk within aggregation sites, where up to 400 individuals can gather to feed on seasonal bursts of planktonic productivity. These "constellation" sites are of significant ecological, socio-economic and cultural value. Here, through expert elicitation, we gathered information from most known constellation sites for this species across the world (>50 constellations and >13,000 individual whale sharks). We defined the spatial boundaries of these sites and their overlap with shipping traffic. Sites were then ranked based on relative levels of potential collision danger posed to whale sharks in the area. Our results showed that researchers and resource managers may underestimate the threat posed by large ship collisions due to a lack of direct evidence, such as injuries or witness accounts, which are available for other, sub-lethal threat categories. We found that constellations in the Arabian Sea and adjacent waters, the Gulf of Mexico, the Gulf of California, and Southeast and East Asia, had the greatest level of collision threat. We also identified 39 sites where peaks in shipping activity coincided with peak seasonal occurrences of whale sharks, sometimes across several months. Simulated collision mitigation options estimated potentially minimal impact to industry, as most whale shark core habitat areas were small. Given the threat posed by vessel collisions, a coordinated, multi-national approach to mitigation is needed within priority whale shark habitats to ensure collision protection for the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya C Womersley
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, UK; Marine Research and Conservation Foundation, Somerset, UK; Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | | | | | - Pedro Afonso
- Institute of Marine Research - IMAR, Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, 9900-140 Horta, Portugal; Institute of Marine Sciences, OKEANOS, University of the Azores, 9900-140 Horta, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Barnes
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation, and Attractions, WA Government, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jesse E M Cochran
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - William Driggers
- National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, USA
| | - Christine L Dudgeon
- Biopixel Oceans Foundation, Australia; University of Sunshine Coast, School of Science, Technology and Engineering, Petrie, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Anna Flam
- Marine Megafauna Foundation, West Palm Beach, FL 33411, USA
| | - Jorge Fontes
- Institute of Marine Research - IMAR, Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, 9900-140 Horta, Portugal; Institute of Marine Sciences, OKEANOS, University of the Azores, 9900-140 Horta, Portugal
| | - Gemma Francis
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation, and Attractions, WA Government, Australia
| | | | | | - Sofia M Green
- Galápagos Whale Shark Project, USA; Galápagos Science Center, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, USFQ, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Diego de Robles sn y Pampite, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Hector M Guzman
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama; MigraMar, 2099 Westshore Rd, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA
| | - Royale S Hardenstine
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jessica Harvey-Carroll
- Maldives Whale Shark Research Programme, Maldives; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18A, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Alex R Hearn
- Galápagos Whale Shark Project, USA; Galápagos Science Center, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, USFQ, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Diego de Robles sn y Pampite, Quito, Ecuador; MigraMar, 2099 Westshore Rd, Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA
| | - Jill M Hendon
- The University of Southern Mississippi, Center for Fisheries Research and Development, Ocean Springs, MS, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Hoffmayer
- National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, USA
| | | | - Hua Hsun Hsu
- Coastal and Offshore Resources Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Baraka Kuguru
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, United Republic of Tanzania
| | | | - Bruno C L Macena
- Institute of Marine Research - IMAR, Department of Oceanography and Fisheries, University of the Azores, 9900-140 Horta, Portugal; Institute of Marine Sciences, OKEANOS, University of the Azores, 9900-140 Horta, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Meekan
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Brad Norman
- ECOCEAN Inc., Australia; Murdoch University, Australia
| | - Cameron Perry
- Maldives Whale Shark Research Programme, Maldives; Georgia Aquarium, USA; Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Simon Pierce
- Marine Megafauna Foundation, West Palm Beach, FL 33411, USA; University of Sunshine Coast, School of Science, Technology and Engineering, Petrie, QLD, Australia
| | - Clare Prebble
- Marine Megafauna Foundation, West Palm Beach, FL 33411, USA
| | | | - Holly Raudino
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation, and Attractions, WA Government, Australia
| | | | - David Robinson
- Qatar Whale Shark Research Project, Doha, Qatar; Sundive Research, NSW, Australia
| | - David Rowat
- Marine Conservation Society Seychelles, Seychelles
| | | | | | | | - Sian Tian See
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Conrad W Speed
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Julian A Tyne
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation, and Attractions, WA Government, Australia
| | - Kelly Waples
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation, and Attractions, WA Government, Australia
| | - Chloe Winn
- Maldives Whale Shark Research Programme, Maldives
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Araujo
- Marine Research and Conservation Foundation, Somerset, UK; Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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2
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Bland R, Methion S, Sharp SP, Díaz López B. Assessing variability in marine traffic exposure between baleen whale species off the Galician Coast, Spain. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 186:114439. [PMID: 36470096 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Increases in marine traffic represent a growing issue for marine wildlife, posing threats through the impacts of ship strikes and noise pollution. Baleen whales are especially vulnerable to these impacts, yet regional and species-specific information on exposure to such threats is lacking. This study uses AIS and observational data to provide the first assessment of baleen whale exposure to vessel traffic on the NW coast of Spain. Overlap with vessel traffic was detected for all areas where whales were sighted, indicating that these species may be at risk of vessel exposure and its associated impacts. Level of exposure to vessel traffic experienced by whales was species-specific, with risk of exposure appearing highest for minke whales. Vessel exposure also displayed intra- and inter-annual variability and a significant influence of feeding behaviour highlighting the need for dynamic management tools to minimise interactions between baleen whales and marine traffic off the Galician Coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian Bland
- Bottlenose Dolphin Research Institute (BDRI), Av. Beiramar 192, O Grove CP. 36980, Spain; Lancaster University, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
| | - Séverine Methion
- Bottlenose Dolphin Research Institute (BDRI), Av. Beiramar 192, O Grove CP. 36980, Spain
| | - Stuart P Sharp
- Lancaster University, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
| | - Bruno Díaz López
- Bottlenose Dolphin Research Institute (BDRI), Av. Beiramar 192, O Grove CP. 36980, Spain.
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3
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Ryan JP, Benoit‐Bird KJ, Oestreich WK, Leary P, Smith KB, Waluk CM, Cade DE, Fahlbusch JA, Southall BL, Joseph JE, Margolina T, Calambokidis J, DeVogelaere A, Goldbogen JA. Oceanic giants dance to atmospheric rhythms: Ephemeral wind-driven resource tracking by blue whales. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2435-2447. [PMID: 36197736 PMCID: PMC9827854 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Trophic transfer of energy through marine food webs is strongly influenced by prey aggregation and its exploitation by predators. Rapid aggregation of some marine fish and crustacean forage species during wind-driven coastal upwelling has recently been discovered, motivating the hypothesis that predators of these forage species track the upwelling circulation in which prey aggregation occurs. We examine this hypothesis in the central California Current Ecosystem using integrative observations of upwelling dynamics, forage species' aggregation, and blue whale movement. Directional origins of blue whale calls repeatedly tracked upwelling plume circulation when wind-driven upwelling intensified and aggregation of forage species was heightened. Our findings illustrate a resource tracking strategy by which blue whales may maximize energy gain amid ephemeral foraging opportunities. These findings have implications for the ecology and conservation of diverse predators that are sustained by forage populations whose behaviour is responsive to episodic environmental dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. Ryan
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research InstituteMoss LandingCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - William K. Oestreich
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research InstituteMoss LandingCaliforniaUSA,Hopkins Marine StationStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paul Leary
- Naval Postgraduate SchoolMontereyCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Chad M. Waluk
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research InstituteMoss LandingCaliforniaUSA
| | - David E. Cade
- Hopkins Marine StationStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - James A. Fahlbusch
- Hopkins Marine StationStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA,Cascadia Research CollectiveOlympiaWashingtonUSA
| | - Brandon L. Southall
- Southall Environmental Associates, Inc.AptosCaliforniaUSA,University of CaliforniaSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
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4
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Dombroski JRG, Parks SE, Nowacek DP. Dive behavior of North Atlantic right whales on the calving ground in the Southeast USA: implications for conservation. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2021. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis is a Critically Endangered whale whose habitat overlaps with areas of high human use. On feeding grounds, aspects of its behavior increase the vulnerability of this species to anthropogenic threats such as entanglement in fishing gear and vessel strikes. On the calving ground, natural dive behavior and the implications for conservation efforts in this species remain to be evaluated. In this study, we used 102.17 h of tag data collected over 15 deployments of archival tags on 14 individuals to describe the dive behavior of right whales in the Southeast USA. Lactating females spent up to 80% of the time at depths ≤3.5 m, leading to increased risk of vessel strike compared to other whale groups that spent a maximum of 30% of the time at those depths in this habitat. Non-lactating whales had significantly deeper maximum dive depths (12.1 m) than lactating females (7.3 m) and spent more time in the bottom phase of dives, closer to the sea floor (45 vs. 37% of the dive duration, respectively). Time spent closer to the sea floor increases the probability of interaction with fishing gear. Therefore, these dive data are useful to justify seasonal closures of fishing activity on the calving ground to protect both lactating and non-lactating whales. Opportunistic comparisons revealed that diel period, calf presence and calf age affect dive behavior of female right whales. In the face of the impacts of anthropogenic mortality on right whale populations, these results will aid vessel strike and entanglement risk assessment on the Southeast USA calving ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- JRG Dombroski
- Syracuse University, Department of Biology, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - SE Parks
- Syracuse University, Department of Biology, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - DP Nowacek
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
- Duke University, Pratt School of Engineering, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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5
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Bedriñana-Romano L, Hucke-Gaete R, Viddi FA, Johnson D, Zerbini AN, Morales J, Mate B, Palacios DM. Defining priority areas for blue whale conservation and investigating overlap with vessel traffic in Chilean Patagonia, using a fast-fitting movement model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2709. [PMID: 33526800 PMCID: PMC7851173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Defining priority areas and risk evaluation is of utmost relevance for endangered species` conservation. For the blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus), we aim to assess environmental habitat selection drivers, priority areas for conservation and overlap with vessel traffic off northern Chilean Patagonia (NCP). For this, we implemented a single-step continuous-time correlated-random-walk model which accommodates observational error and movement parameters variation in relation to oceanographic variables. Spatially explicit predictions of whales' behavioral responses were combined with density predictions from previous species distribution models (SDM) and vessel tracking data to estimate the relative probability of vessels encountering whales and identifying areas where interaction is likely to occur. These estimations were conducted independently for the aquaculture, transport, artisanal fishery, and industrial fishery fleets operating in NCP. Blue whale movement patterns strongly agreed with SDM results, reinforcing our knowledge regarding oceanographic habitat selection drivers. By combining movement and density modeling approaches we provide a stronger support for purported priority areas for blue whale conservation and how they overlap with the main vessel traffic corridor in the NCP. The aquaculture fleet was one order of magnitude larger than any other fleet, indicating it could play a decisive role in modulating potential negative vessel-whale interactions within NCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Bedriñana-Romano
- grid.7119.e0000 0004 0487 459XInstituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile ,NGO Centro Ballena Azul, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Hucke-Gaete
- grid.7119.e0000 0004 0487 459XInstituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile ,NGO Centro Ballena Azul, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Francisco A. Viddi
- grid.7119.e0000 0004 0487 459XInstituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile ,NGO Centro Ballena Azul, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Devin Johnson
- Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center/NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Alexandre N. Zerbini
- Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center/NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA USA ,grid.508396.1Marine Ecology and Telemetry Research, 2468 Camp McKenzie Tr NW, Seabeck, WA 98380 USA ,grid.448402.e0000 0004 5929 5632Cascadia Research Collective, 218 ½ 4th Ave, Olympia, WA 98502 USA ,Instituto Aqualie, Av. Dr. Paulo Japiassú Coelho, 714, Sala 206, Juiz de Fora, MG 36033-310 Brazil
| | - Juan Morales
- grid.412234.20000 0001 2112 473XGrupo de Ecología Cuantitativa, INIBIOMA-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Bruce Mate
- grid.4391.f0000 0001 2112 1969Marine Mammal Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR USA
| | - Daniel M. Palacios
- grid.4391.f0000 0001 2112 1969Marine Mammal Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR USA
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Cerchio S, Willson A, Leroy EC, Muirhead C, Al Harthi S, Baldwin R, Cholewiak D, Collins T, Minton G, Rasoloarijao T, Rogers TL, Sarrouf Willson M. A new blue whale song-type described for the Arabian Sea and Western Indian Ocean. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2020. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue whales Balaenoptera musculus in the Indian Ocean (IO) are currently thought to represent 2 or 3 subspecies (B. m. intermedia, B. m. brevicauda, B. m. indica), and believed to be structured into 4 populations, each with a diagnostic song-type. Here we describe a previously unreported song-type that implies the probable existence of a population that has been undetected or conflated with another population. The novel song-type was recorded off Oman in the northern IO/Arabian Sea, off the western Chagos Archipelago in the equatorial central IO, and off Madagascar in the southwestern IO. As this is the only blue whale song that has been identified in the western Arabian Sea, we label it the ‘Northwest Indian Ocean’ song-type to distinguish it from other regional song-types. Spatiotemporal variation suggested a distribution west of 70°E, with potential affinity for the northern IO/Arabian Sea, and only minor presence in the southwestern IO. Timing of presence off Oman suggested that intensive illegal Soviet whaling that took 1294 blue whales in the 1960s likely targeted this population, as opposed to the more widely distributed ‘Sri Lanka’ acoustic population as previously assumed. Based upon geographic distribution and potential aseasonal reproduction found in the Soviet catch data, we suggest that if there is a northern IO subspecies (B. m. indica), it is likely this population. Moreover, the potentially restricted range, intensive historic whaling, and the fact that the song-type has been previously undetected, suggests a small population that is in critical need of status assessment and conservation action.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cerchio
- African Aquatic Conservation Fund, Chilmark, MA 02535, USA
- New England Aquarium, Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life, Boston, MA 02110, USA
- Center for Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA 02657, USA
| | - A Willson
- Five Oceans Environmental Services, Shatti al Qurm, Muscat PC131, Sultanate of Oman
| | - EC Leroy
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - C Muirhead
- New England Aquarium, Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life, Boston, MA 02110, USA
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - S Al Harthi
- Environment Society of Oman, Ruwi PC112, Sultanate of Oman
| | - R Baldwin
- Five Oceans Environmental Services, Shatti al Qurm, Muscat PC131, Sultanate of Oman
| | - D Cholewiak
- NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Protected Species Branch, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - T Collins
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Ocean Giants Program, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - G Minton
- Megaptera Marine Conservation, The Hague 2242 PT, Netherlands
| | - T Rasoloarijao
- African Aquatic Conservation Fund, Chilmark, MA 02535, USA
- Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines, Toliara 601, Madagascar
| | - TL Rogers
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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7
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Goldbogen J. Blue whales. Curr Biol 2020; 30:R1399-R1400. [PMID: 33290699 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Jeremy Goldbogen introduces blue whales, the largest animals to ever inhabit earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Goldbogen
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, 120 Ocean View Blvd., Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA.
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8
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Kolk H, Allen AM, Ens BJ, Oosterbeek K, Jongejans E, Pol M. Spatiotemporal variation in disturbance impacts derived from simultaneous tracking of aircraft and shorebirds. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henk‐Jan Kolk
- Department of Animal Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
- Centre for Avian Population Studies Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Andrew M. Allen
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Centre for Avian Population Studies Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Bruno J. Ens
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology Den Burg The Netherlands
- Centre for Avian Population Studies Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Kees Oosterbeek
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology Den Burg The Netherlands
- Centre for Avian Population Studies Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Eelke Jongejans
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology Radboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Centre for Avian Population Studies Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Pol
- Department of Animal Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
- Centre for Avian Population Studies Wageningen The Netherlands
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9
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Rockwood RC, Adams J, Silber G, Jahncke J. Estimating effectiveness of speed reduction measures for decreasing whale-strike mortality in a high-risk region. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2020. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent estimates of blue (Balaenoptera musculus) and humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) whale ship-strike deaths on the US west coast are above the Potential Biological Removal limit determined by the National Marine Fisheries Service. Beginning in 2015, the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration requested voluntary Vessel Speed Reductions (VSR) in the designated shipping routes off San Francisco, California, USA, in order to decrease whale mortality from ship strikes. We applied a ship strike model based on whale density and Automatic Identification System (AIS) vessel data. We bootstrapped speeds from vessels that transited when no VSR was in place to assess the effect of the VSR on strike mortality rates. Finally, we calculated the expected mortality for hypothetical compliance scenarios by programmatically imposing speed caps. Average predicted mortality for the region was 2.7 blue whales and 7.0 humpback whales in a 4 month period. Compared to years prior to the VSR (2012-2014), vessel speeds during the VSR were slower. This lowered blue whale deaths within the shipping lanes by 11-13% and humpback whale deaths by 9-10% in 2016-2017. If 95% of mariners adhered to recommended 10 knot (kn) limits in the shipping lanes alone, we predicted twice as many blue whale and 3 times as many humpback whale deaths would be avoided relative to current adherence. Adding a 10 kn speed limit (with 95% cooperation) at the ends of each of the lanes would result in about 5- and 4-fold reductions in blue whale and humpback whale mortality, respectively, relative to current practices. Our approach can evaluate ship strikes and mitigation measures for whale populations around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- RC Rockwood
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, California 94954, USA
| | - J Adams
- National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources, Silver Springs, Maryland 20910, USA
| | - G Silber
- Smultea Environmental Sciences, Washington Grove, Maryland 20880, USA
| | - J Jahncke
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, California 94954, USA
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10
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Rockwood RC, Elliott ML, Saenz B, Nur N, Jahncke J. Modeling predator and prey hotspots: Management implications of baleen whale co-occurrence with krill in Central California. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235603. [PMID: 32634142 PMCID: PMC7340285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As global ocean-bound commerce increases, managing human activities has become important in reducing conflict with threatened wildlife. This study investigates environmental factors determining abundance and distribution of blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus), humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) and their prey (Euphausia pacifica and Thysanoessa spinifera) in central California. We provide insights into environmental drivers of the ecology and distribution of these species, model whale distributions and determine coincident hotspots of whales and their prey that will help decrease human threats to whales and protect critical feeding habitat. We developed separate predictive models of whale abundances (using negative binomial regression on count data) and krill abundance (using a two-part hurdlemodel combining logistic and negative binomial regressions) over a 14 year period (2004-2017). Variables included in situ surface and midwater oceanographic measures (temperature, salinity, and fluorescence), basin-scale climate indices, and bathymetric- and distance-related data. Predictions were applied to 1 km2 cells spanning the study area for May, June, July, and September during each of the 14 years of surveys to identify persistent distribution patterns. Both whales and krill were found to consistently use the northeast region of Cordell Bank, the Farallon Escarpment, and the shelf-break waters. The main identified blue whale hotspots were also krill hotspots, while co-occurrence was more limited and varied seasonally for humpback whales and krill. These results are valuable in identifying patterns in important areas of ecological interaction to assist management of whales. Areas north of Cordell Bank are of particular management concern since they overlap with the end of the San Francisco Bay northern shipping lane. Our findings can help decrease threats to whales, particularly in important foraging areas, by supporting implementation of vessel management and informing potential conflicts with other human uses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nadav Nur
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA, United States of America
| | - Jaime Jahncke
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA, United States of America
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Torres LG, Barlow DR, Chandler TE, Burnett JD. Insight into the kinematics of blue whale surface foraging through drone observations and prey data. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8906. [PMID: 32351781 PMCID: PMC7183305 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand how predators optimize foraging strategies, extensive knowledge of predator behavior and prey distribution is needed. Blue whales employ an energetically demanding lunge feeding method that requires the whales to selectively feed where energetic gain exceeds energetic loss, while also balancing oxygen consumption, breath holding capacity, and surface recuperation time. Hence, blue whale foraging behavior is primarily driven by krill patch density and depth, but many studies have not fully considered surface feeding as a significant foraging strategy in energetic models. We collected predator and prey data on a blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda) foraging ground in New Zealand in February 2017 to assess the distributional and behavioral response of blue whales to the distribution and density of krill prey aggregations. Krill density across the study region was greater toward the surface (upper 20 m), and blue whales were encountered where prey was relatively shallow and more dense. This relationship was particularly evident where foraging and surface lunge feeding were observed. Furthermore, New Zealand blue whales also had relatively short dive times (2.83 ± 0.27 SE min) as compared to other blue whale populations, which became even shorter at foraging sightings and where surface lunge feeding was observed. Using an unmanned aerial system (UAS; drone) we also captured unique video of a New Zealand blue whale's surface feeding behavior on well-illuminated krill patches. Video analysis illustrates the whale's potential use of vision to target prey, make foraging decisions, and orient body mechanics relative to prey patch characteristics. Kinematic analysis of a surface lunge feeding event revealed biomechanical coordination through speed, acceleration, head inclination, roll, and distance from krill patch to maximize prey engulfment. We compared these lunge kinematics to data previously reported from tagged blue whale lunges at depth to demonstrate strong similarities, and provide rare measurements of gape size, and krill response distance and time. These findings elucidate the predator-prey relationship between blue whales and krill, and provide support for the hypothesis that surface feeding by New Zealand blue whales is an important component to their foraging ecology used to optimize their energetic efficiency. Understanding how blue whales make foraging decisions presents logistical challenges, which may cause incomplete sampling and biased ecological knowledge if portions of their foraging behavior are undocumented. We conclude that surface foraging could be an important strategy for blue whales, and integration of UAS with tag-based studies may expand our understanding of their foraging ecology by examining surface feeding events in conjunction with behaviors at depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh G. Torres
- Geospatial Ecology of Marine Megafauna Lab, Marine Mammal Institute, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United States of America
| | - Dawn R. Barlow
- Geospatial Ecology of Marine Megafauna Lab, Marine Mammal Institute, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United States of America
| | - Todd E. Chandler
- Geospatial Ecology of Marine Megafauna Lab, Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Burnett
- Aerial Information Systems Laboratory, Forest Engineering, Resources and Management, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
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12
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Redfern JV, Moore TJ, Becker EA, Calambokidis J, Hastings SP, Irvine LM, Mate BR, Palacios DM. Evaluating stakeholder‐derived strategies to reduce the risk of ships striking whales. DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica V. Redfern
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration La Jolla California
| | - Thomas J. Moore
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration La Jolla California
| | - Elizabeth A. Becker
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration contracted by ManTech International Corporation Solana Beach California
| | | | - Sean P. Hastings
- Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Santa Barbara California
| | - Ladd M. Irvine
- Marine Mammal Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Science Center Oregon State University Newport Oregon
| | - Bruce R. Mate
- Marine Mammal Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Science Center Oregon State University Newport Oregon
| | - Daniel M. Palacios
- Marine Mammal Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Science Center Oregon State University Newport Oregon
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13
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Crum N, Gowan T, Krzystan A, Martin J. Quantifying risk of whale–vessel collisions across space, time, and management policies. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Crum
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute St. Petersburg Florida 33701 USA
| | - Timothy Gowan
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute St. Petersburg Florida 33701 USA
| | - Andrea Krzystan
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute St. Petersburg Florida 33701 USA
| | - Julien Martin
- Wetland and Aquatic Research Center U.S. Geological Survey Gainesville Florida 32653 USA
- St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center U.S. Geological Survey St. Petersburg Florida 33701 USA
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Palacios DM, Bailey H, Becker EA, Bograd SJ, DeAngelis ML, Forney KA, Hazen EL, Irvine LM, Mate BR. Ecological correlates of blue whale movement behavior and its predictability in the California Current Ecosystem during the summer-fall feeding season. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2019; 7:26. [PMID: 31360521 PMCID: PMC6637557 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-019-0164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Species distribution models have shown that blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) occur seasonally in high densities in the most biologically productive regions of the California Current Ecosystem (CCE). Satellite telemetry studies have additionally shown that blue whales in the CCE regularly switch between behavioral states consistent with area-restricted searching (ARS) and transiting, indicative of foraging in and moving among prey patches, respectively. However, the relationship between the environmental correlates that serve as a proxy of prey relative to blue whale movement behavior has not been quantitatively assessed. METHODS We investigated the association between blue whale behavioral state and environmental predictors in the coastal environments of the CCE using a long-term satellite tracking data set (72 tagged whales; summer-fall months 1998-2008), and predicted the likelihood of ARS behavior at tracked locations using nonparametric multiplicative regression models. The models were built using data from years of cool, productive conditions and validated against years of warm, low-productivity conditions. RESULTS The best model contained four predictors: chlorophyll-a, sea surface temperature, and seafloor aspect and depth. This model estimated highest ARS likelihood (> 0.8) in areas with high chlorophyll-a levels (> 0.65 mg/m3), intermediate sea surface temperatures (11.6-17.5 °C), and shallow depths (< 850 m). Overall, the model correctly predicted behavioral state throughout the coastal environments of the CCE, while the validation indicated an ecosystem-wide reduction in ARS likelihood during warm years, especially in the southern portion. For comparison, a spatial coordinates model (longitude × latitude) performed slightly better than the environmental model during warm years, providing further evidence that blue whales exhibit strong foraging site fidelity, even when conditions are not conducive to successful foraging. CONCLUSIONS We showed that blue whale behavioral state in the CCE was predictable from environmental correlates and that ARS behavior was most prevalent in regions of known high whale density, likely reflecting where large prey aggregations consistently develop in summer-fall. Our models of whale movement behavior enhanced our understanding of species distribution by further indicating where foraging was more likely, which could be of value in the identification of key regions of importance for endangered species in management considerations. The models also provided evidence that decadal-scale environmental fluctuations can drive shifts in the distribution and foraging success of this blue whale population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Palacios
- Marine Mammal Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR USA
| | - Helen Bailey
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Becker
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Steven J. Bograd
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA USA
| | - Monica L. DeAngelis
- NOAA West Coast Regional Office, Long Beach, CA USA
- Present Address: Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI USA
| | - Karin A. Forney
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Moss Landing, CA USA
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA USA
| | - Elliott L. Hazen
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA USA
- University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Ladd M. Irvine
- Marine Mammal Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR USA
| | - Bruce R. Mate
- Marine Mammal Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR USA
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Metcalfe K, Bréheret N, Chauvet E, Collins T, Curran BK, Parnell RJ, Turner RA, Witt MJ, Godley BJ. Using satellite AIS to improve our understanding of shipping and fill gaps in ocean observation data to support marine spatial planning. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Metcalfe
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation; College of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Penryn Cornwall UK
| | | | - Eva Chauvet
- Association RENATURA Congo; Ecocentre; Pointe Noire Congo
| | - Tim Collins
- Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS); Marine Program; Bronx NY USA
| | - Bryan K. Curran
- Wildlife Conservation Society; Congo Program; Brazzaville Congo
| | | | - Rachel A. Turner
- Environment and Sustainability Institute; University of Exeter; Penryn Campus; Penryn Cornwall UK
| | - Matthew J. Witt
- Environment and Sustainability Institute; University of Exeter; Penryn Campus; Penryn Cornwall UK
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences; Environmental Biology Group; Hatherly Laboratories; University of Exeter; Exeter UK
| | - Brendan J. Godley
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation; College of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Penryn Cornwall UK
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16
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Frankel AS, Gabriele CM. Predicting the acoustic exposure of humpback whales from cruise and tour vessel noise in Glacier Bay, Alaska, under different management strategies. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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17
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Rockwood RC, Calambokidis J, Jahncke J. High mortality of blue, humpback and fin whales from modeling of vessel collisions on the U.S. West Coast suggests population impacts and insufficient protection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183052. [PMID: 28827838 PMCID: PMC5565115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality from collisions with vessels is one of the main human causes of death for large whales. Ship strikes are rarely witnessed and the distribution of strike risk and estimates of mortality remain uncertain at best. We estimated ship strike mortality for blue humpback and fin whales in U.S. West Coast waters using a novel application of a naval encounter model. Mortality estimates from the model were far higher than current minimum estimates derived from stranding records and are closer to extrapolations adjusted for detection probabilities of dead whales. Our most conservative model estimated mortality to be 7.8x, 2.0x and 2.7x the U.S. recommended limit for blue, humpback and fin whales, respectively, suggesting that death from vessel collisions may be a significant impediment to population growth and recovery. Comparing across the study area, the majority of strike mortality occurs in waters off California, from Bodega Bay south and tends to be concentrated in a band approximately 24 Nm (44.5 km) offshore and in designated shipping lanes leading to and from major ports. While some mortality risk exists across nearly all West Coast waters, 74%, 82% and 65% of blue, humpback and fin whale mortality, respectively, occurs in just 10% of the study area, suggesting conservation efforts can be very effective if focused in these waters. Risk is highest in the shipping lanes off San Francisco and Long Beach, but only a fraction of total estimated mortality occurs in these proportionally small areas, making any conservation efforts exclusively within these areas insufficient to address overall strike mortality. We recommend combining shipping lane modifications and re-locations, ship speed reductions and creation of ‘Areas to be Avoided’ by vessels in ecologically important locations to address this significant source of whale mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Cotton Rockwood
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - John Calambokidis
- Cascadia Research Collective, Olympia, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jaime Jahncke
- Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, California, United States of America
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18
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Soldevilla MS, Hildebrand JA, Frasier KE, Aichinger Dias L, Martinez A, Mullin KD, Rosel PE, Garrison LP. Spatial distribution and dive behavior of Gulf of Mexico Bryde’s whales: potential risk of vessel strikes and fisheries interactions. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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19
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Lesage V, Omrane A, Doniol-Valcroze T, Mosnier A. Increased proximity of vessels reduces feeding opportunities of blue whales in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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20
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Nichol LM, Wright BM, O’Hara P, Ford JKB. Risk of lethal vessel strikes to humpback and fin whales off the west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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21
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Hazen EL, Palacios DM, Forney KA, Howell EA, Becker E, Hoover AL, Irvine L, DeAngelis M, Bograd SJ, Mate BR, Bailey H. WhaleWatch: a dynamic management tool for predicting blue whale density in the California Current. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elliott L. Hazen
- Environmental Research Division NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center Monterey CA 93940 USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA 94023 USA
| | - Daniel M. Palacios
- Marine Mammal Institute Oregon State University Hatfield Marine Science Center Newport OR 97365 USA
| | - Karin A. Forney
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center Santa Cruz CA 95060 USA
| | - Evan A. Howell
- NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Honolulu HI 96818 USA
| | - Elizabeth Becker
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center Santa Cruz CA 95060 USA
| | - Aimee L. Hoover
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Solomons MD 20688 USA
| | - Ladd Irvine
- Marine Mammal Institute Oregon State University Hatfield Marine Science Center Newport OR 97365 USA
| | | | - Steven J. Bograd
- Environmental Research Division NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center Monterey CA 93940 USA
| | - Bruce R. Mate
- Marine Mammal Institute Oregon State University Hatfield Marine Science Center Newport OR 97365 USA
| | - Helen Bailey
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Solomons MD 20688 USA
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22
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Williams SH, Gende SM, Lukacs PM, Webb K. Factors affecting whale detection from large ships in Alaska with implications for whale avoidance. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2016. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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23
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Hays GC, Ferreira LC, Sequeira AMM, Meekan MG, Duarte CM, Bailey H, Bailleul F, Bowen WD, Caley MJ, Costa DP, Eguíluz VM, Fossette S, Friedlaender AS, Gales N, Gleiss AC, Gunn J, Harcourt R, Hazen EL, Heithaus MR, Heupel M, Holland K, Horning M, Jonsen I, Kooyman GL, Lowe CG, Madsen PT, Marsh H, Phillips RA, Righton D, Ropert-Coudert Y, Sato K, Shaffer SA, Simpfendorfer CA, Sims DW, Skomal G, Takahashi A, Trathan PN, Wikelski M, Womble JN, Thums M. Key Questions in Marine Megafauna Movement Ecology. Trends Ecol Evol 2016; 31:463-475. [PMID: 26979550 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
It is a golden age for animal movement studies and so an opportune time to assess priorities for future work. We assembled 40 experts to identify key questions in this field, focussing on marine megafauna, which include a broad range of birds, mammals, reptiles, and fish. Research on these taxa has both underpinned many of the recent technical developments and led to fundamental discoveries in the field. We show that the questions have broad applicability to other taxa, including terrestrial animals, flying insects, and swimming invertebrates, and, as such, this exercise provides a useful roadmap for targeted deployments and data syntheses that should advance the field of movement ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme C Hays
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Warrnambool, VIC 3280, Australia.
| | - Luciana C Ferreira
- IOMRC and The UWA Oceans Institute, School of Animal Biology and Centre for Marine Futures, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, c/o The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ana M M Sequeira
- IOMRC and The UWA Oceans Institute, School of Animal Biology and Centre for Marine Futures, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mark G Meekan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, c/o The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Helen Bailey
- Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD 20688, USA
| | - Fred Bailleul
- South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), 2 Hamra Avenue, West Beach, Adelaide, SA 5024, Australia
| | - W Don Bowen
- Population Ecology Division, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - M Julian Caley
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Daniel P Costa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Victor M Eguíluz
- Instituto de Física Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Sabrina Fossette
- School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ari S Friedlaender
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, 2030 Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Nick Gales
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment, Australian Government, Kingston, TAS 7050, Australia
| | - Adrian C Gleiss
- Centre for Fish and Fisheries Research, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - John Gunn
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Rob Harcourt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Elliott L Hazen
- Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 99 Pacific St, Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940, USA
| | - Michael R Heithaus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Michelle Heupel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No. 3, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Kim Holland
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, PO Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 98744, USA
| | - Markus Horning
- Science Department, Alaska SeaLife Center, Seward, AK 99664, USA
| | - Ian Jonsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Gerald L Kooyman
- Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher G Lowe
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Peter T Madsen
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK 8000, Denmark; Murdoch University Cetacean Research Unit, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Helene Marsh
- College of Marine and Environmental Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Richard A Phillips
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - David Righton
- Fisheries and Ecosystems Division, Cefas Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, NR34 7RU, UK
| | - Yan Ropert-Coudert
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Station d'Écologie de Chizé-Université de La Rochelle, CNRS UMR 7372, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Katsufumi Sato
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa City, Chiba Prefecture, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Scott A Shaffer
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Colin A Simpfendorfer
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - David W Sims
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK; Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK; Centre for Biological Sciences, Building 85, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Gregory Skomal
- Massachusetts Shark Research Project, Division of Marine Fisheries, 1213 Purchase St, New Bedford, MA 02740, USA
| | - Akinori Takahashi
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - Philip N Trathan
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Department of Migration and ImmunoEcology, Max-Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany; Konstanz University, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jamie N Womble
- National Park Service, Glacier Bay Field Station, 3100 National Park Road, Juneau, AK 99801, USA
| | - Michele Thums
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, c/o The UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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