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Ulug P, Nayki U, Mammadov R, Bulut S, Tastan TB, Coban TA, Suleyman H. Protective Effect of Ramipril Against Oxidant and Proinflammatory Cytokine Damage Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion in Ovarian Tissue in Rats. Transplant Proc 2024; 56:215-222. [PMID: 38218697 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that the increase in oxidants and proinflammatory cytokines, as well as the decrease in antioxidants, play a role in ovarian ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of ramipril have been studied in various diseases. This study aims to investigate the effect of ramipril on I/R-induced ovarian damage in rats. METHODS Rats were divided into healthy (HG), sham (SG), ovary I/R (OIR), and ramipril + ovary I/R (ROIR) groups (n = 6/each group). One hour before the surgical procedures, ROIR was given 2 mg/kg ramipril. The lower abdomen of the SG, OIR, and ROIR was surgically opened. Right ovarian tissues of OIR and ROIR were subjected to 2 hours of ischemia and 6 hours of reperfusion. Then, all animals were euthanized, and their right ovaries were removed. Ovarian tissues were examined for oxidants (malondialdehyde), antioxidants (total glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase), and proinflammatory cytokines (nuclear factor kappa-B, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1 beta, and interleukin-6) analysis was performed. Tissues were examined histopathologically. RESULTS The ovarian tissue of the OIR, which underwent the I/R procedure, exhibited a significant increase in oxidant and proinflammatory cytokine levels, along with a decrease in antioxidant levels (P < .001). Ramipril suppressed the I/R-induced increase in oxidants and pro-inflammatory cytokines and the decrease in antioxidants (P < .001). Ramipril also attenuated I/R-induced histopathological damage in ovarian tissue (P < .05). CONCLUSION Ramipril treatment may be a treatment strategy to protect ovarian tissue against oxidative and inflammatory damage of I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasa Ulug
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey.
| | - Umit Nayki
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Renad Mammadov
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Seval Bulut
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Tugba Bal Tastan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Taha Abdulkadir Coban
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Halis Suleyman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
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Tekeli MY, Çakır Bayram L, Eraslan G, Soyer Sarıca Z. The protective effect of chrysin against oxidative stress and organ toxicity in rats exposed to propetamphos. Drug Chem Toxicol 2022; 45:2664-2677. [PMID: 34587847 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1981479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective efficacy of chrysin against propetamphos exposure. For this purpose, 2 to 3-month-old 40 male Wistar Albino rats were used. These animals were randomly assigned to four groups. The animals in the control group received the vehicle substance (corn oil) alone. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were administered with 50 mg/kg.bw/day of chrysin (in corn oil), 10 mg/kg.bw/day of propetamphos (in corn oil), and 10 mg/kg.bw/day of propetamphos plus 50 mg/kg.bw/day of chrysin, respectively, for 28 days. Some oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation parameters (MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, NO, glutathione) and serum biochemical parameters (triglyceride, cholesterol, creatinine, BUN, creatine phosphokinase, ALT, ALP and pseudocholinesterase) were analyzed in tissue/blood samples. Also, histopathological findings were observed. According to the data obtained, no significant alteration had occurred in these parameters and the histological findings in the group given chrysin alone, when compared to the control group. Significant unfavorable alterations were detected in the oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation/antioxidant status parameters, all biochemical parameters and histopathological findings of the group that received propetamphos alone. In the group that was given both chrysin and propetamphos, remedial/recovery alterations were observed in the oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation/antioxidant status values, serum biochemical parameters and histopathological findings, such that the values and histopathological findings showed partly similarity to those of the control group. In result, it is suggested that chrysin may provide protection against propetamphos exposure and propetamphos-induced organ damage in rats at a certain level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Yasin Tekeli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Latife Çakır Bayram
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Eraslan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Ten Years Milestones in Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors Discovery: Febuxostat-Based Inhibitors Trends, Bifunctional Derivatives, and Automatized Screening Assays. ORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/org3040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) is an enzyme involved in the oxidative process of hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid (UA). This process also produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) as byproducts. Both UA and ROS are dangerous for human health, and some health conditions trigger upregulation of XO activity, which results in many diseases (cancer, atherosclerosis, hepatitis, gout, and others) given the worsened scenario of ROS and UA overproduction. So, XO became an attractive target to produce and discover novel selective drugs based on febuxostat, the most recent XO inhibitor out of only two approved by FDA. Under this context, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) have been successfully applied to rapidly and easily screen for bioactive compounds, isolated or in complex natural matrixes, that act as enzyme inhibitors through the use of an immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER). This article’s goal is to present advances comprising febuxostat-based XO inhibitors as a new trend, bifunctional moieties capable of inhibiting XO and modulating ROS activity, and in-flow techniques employing an IMER in HPLC and CE to screen for synthetic and natural compounds that act as XO inhibitors.
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Tomsič K, Nemec Svete A. A mini-review of the effects of inhalational and intravenous anesthetics on oxidative stress in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:987536. [PMID: 36172618 PMCID: PMC9510748 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.987536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can exacerbate or increase oxidative stress and thus affect the prognosis of surgical procedures. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the development of cardiovascular, dermatologic, oncologic, and other diseases in dogs, as well as ischemia and reperfusion injury. Some anesthetics, such as halogenated anesthetics, have been shown to stimulate the production of ROS, while others, such as propofol, have antioxidant properties. However, the antioxidant effects of these anesthetics may not be sufficient to counteract oxidative damage at the doses used clinically. Nevertheless, the effects of anesthetics should be considered to minimize oxidative damage during anesthesia in dogs to improve the outcome of procedures requiring general anesthesia. This mini-review addresses the current knowledge on oxidative stress during inhalational and intravenous anesthesia in dogs. There is still a lack of information on the management of anesthesia in dogs with respect to oxidative stress. Further research, including comprehensive clinical studies is needed to better understand oxidative injury mechanisms and improve perioperative protocols during anesthesia in dogs.
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Charitakis A, Assi S, Yousaf S, Khan I. Overcoming Skin Damage from Pollution via Novel Skincare Strategies. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1250-1257. [PMID: 35362380 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220331124025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Urban pollution is one of the main problems encountered worldwide with major impact on public health as well as the environment. Health impact of urban pollution is not limited to respiratory conditions but also encompasses major skin problems including irritation, skin ageing, and skin cancer. Toxic gases and particulate matter are the main pollutants and exhibit extensive local variability. The aforementioned pollutants are small particles that attach to the skin or penetrate into it, enhancing free radicals' production inside the inner skin layers. This urges the need to propose cosmetic products that help prevent and/or minimise pollutants' effects on the skin whether irritation, ageing and cancer. Furthermore, intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributed to skin irritation and ageing. Intrinsic factors are within skin factors and include genetic and physiological characteristics of individuals. Moreover, extrinsic factors comprise environmental factors such as humidity, temperature, and smoke. Subsequently active ingredients with antipollutant properties addressed the intrinsic and extrinsic factors by four mechanisms being: free radical neutralisation, film-forming ability, skin barrier enhancement and fortification. Such ingredients include vitamin A derivatives, vitamin C derivatives, carbohydrates, and plant-based products. Yet, very limited studies have evaluated the effectiveness of the aforementioned active ingredients against irritation or ageing and this should be considered in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Charitakis
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Sulaf Assi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Sakib Yousaf
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Iftikhar Khan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom.,School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom
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Rudrapal M, Khairnar SJ, Khan J, Dukhyil AB, Ansari MA, Alomary MN, Alshabrmi FM, Palai S, Deb PK, Devi R. Dietary Polyphenols and Their Role in Oxidative Stress-Induced Human Diseases: Insights Into Protective Effects, Antioxidant Potentials and Mechanism(s) of Action. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:806470. [PMID: 35237163 PMCID: PMC8882865 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.806470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols including phenolic acids, flavonoids, catechins, tannins, lignans, stilbenes, and anthocyanidins are widely found in grains, cereals, pulses, vegetables, spices, fruits, chocolates, and beverages like fruit juices, tea, coffee and wine. In recent years, dietary polyphenols have gained significant interest among researchers due to their potential chemopreventive/protective functions in the maintenance of human health and diseases. It is believed that dietary polyphenols/flavonoids exert powerful antioxidant action for protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS)/cellular oxidative stress (OS) towards the prevention of OS-related pathological conditions or diseases. Pre-clinical and clinical evidence strongly suggest that long term consumption of diets rich in polyphenols offer protection against the development of various chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, diabetes, inflammatory disorders and infectious illness. Increased intake of foods containing polyphenols (for example, quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, resveratrol, cyanidin etc.) has been claimed to reduce the extent of a majority of chronic oxidative cellular damage, DNA damage, tissue inflammations, viral/bacterial infections, and neurodegenerative diseases. It has been suggested that the antioxidant activity of dietary polyphenols plays a pivotal role in the prevention of OS-induced human diseases. In this narrative review, the biological/pharmacological significance of dietary polyphenols in the prevention of and/or protection against OS-induced major human diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, CVDs, diabetes mellitus, cancer, inflammatory disorders and infectious diseases have been delineated. This review specifically focuses a current understanding on the dietary sources of polyphenols and their protective effects including mechanisms of action against various major human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Rudrapal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rasiklal M. Dhariwal Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Mithun Rudrapal,
| | | | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
- Health and Basic Sciences Research Center, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Bin Dukhyil
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M. Alshabrmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Santwana Palai
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Prashanta Kumar Deb
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Rajlakshmi Devi
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
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Sinaga E, Fitrayadi A, Asrori A, Rahayu SE, Suprihatin S, Prasasty VD. Hepatoprotective effect of Pandanus odoratissimus seed extracts on paracetamol-induced rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:31-39. [PMID: 33403907 PMCID: PMC7801105 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1865408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pandanus odoratissimus Linn. (Pandanaceae) seed extract is known to have antioxidant activities. However, the potential hepatoprotective effect is still unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the hepatoprotection aspect of P. odoratissimus methanol extract towards paracetamol-induced rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six equal groups: one group served as the healthy control and five groups with hepatotoxicity (hepatotoxic control and 4 treatment groups). The oral treatment of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity of 3 g/kg using three different concentrations of P. odoratissimus (300, 600 and 900 mg/kg), and silymarin (200 mg/kg) groups were administered once a day for 14 days. Enzyme activities and protein levels in serum were determined in rats at the end of the treatments. The histopathology of rat livers was observed under an electron microscope with 10× magnification. RESULTS Pandanus odoratissimus significantly decreased the serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities in induced-paracetamol rat serum (p < 0.05). Moreover, P. odoratissimus significantly decreased total bilirubin and direct bilirubin levels (p < 0.05). It significantly blocked the decline of serum albumin and protein levels (p < 0.05). Histopathological changes amplified paracetamol-induced liver damage and the hepatoprotective effect of P. odoratissimus in the liver. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Pandanus odoratissimus improved the hepatoprotective effect in a concentration-dependent manner by reducing related hepatic enzyme and protein markers, suggesting as a useful agent in hepatotoxicity treatment, and it can be generalized to a broader study population in different hepatotoxic animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernawati Sinaga
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia
- CONTACT Ernawati Sinaga Faculty of Biology, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ami Fitrayadi
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Asrori Asrori
- Faculty of Biology, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Vivitri Dewi Prasasty
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Vivitri Dewi Prasasty Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Salimi A, Minouei M, Niknejad M, Mojarad Aylar E. Antioxidant activity of calcitriol reduces direct methamphetamine-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in isolated rat heart mitochondria. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1978499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Morteza Minouei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohsen Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Elham Mojarad Aylar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Bati B, Celik I, Vuran NE, Turan A, Alkan EE, Zirek AK. Effects of Gundelia tournefortii L. on biochemical parameters, antioxidant activities and DNA damage in a rat model of experimental obesity. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e251198. [PMID: 34550296 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.251198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extract on different tissues in terms of DNA damage, biochemical and antioxidant parameter values in rats with high-calorie diets. With this aim, Wistar albino male rats were divided into 4 groups containing 6 rats each and the study was completed over 12 weeks duration. At the end of the implementation process over the 12 weeks, rats were sacrificed and blood and tissue samples were obtained. Analyses were performed on blood and tissue samples. According to results for DNA damage (8-OHdG), in brain tissue the OG2 group was significantly reduced compared to the NC group. For MDA results in liver tissue, OG1 and OG2 groups were determined to increase by a significant degree compared to the control group, while the OG2 group was also increased significantly compared to the obese group. In terms of the other parameters, comparison between the groups linked to consumption of a high calorie diet (HCD) and administration of Gundelia tournefortii L. in terms of antioxidant activities and serum samples obtained statistically significant results. Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extracts had effects that may be counted as positive on antioxidant parameter activity and were especially identified to improve DNA damage and MDA levels in brain tissues. Additionally, consumption of Gundelia tournefortii L. plant extract in the diet may have antiobesity effects; thus, it should be evaluated for use as an effective weight-loss method and as a new therapeutic agent targeting obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bati
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Education, Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Van, Turkey
| | - I Celik
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Van, Turkey
| | - N Eray Vuran
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Van, Turkey
| | - A Turan
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Van, Turkey
| | - E E Alkan
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Education, Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Van, Turkey
| | - A K Zirek
- Hakkari University, Institute of Sciences, Medical Services and Techniques, Hakkari, Turkey
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Gómez X, Sanon S, Zambrano K, Asquel S, Bassantes M, Morales JE, Otáñez G, Pomaquero C, Villarroel S, Zurita A, Calvache C, Celi K, Contreras T, Corrales D, Naciph MB, Peña J, Caicedo A. Key points for the development of antioxidant cocktails to prevent cellular stress and damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) during manned space missions. NPJ Microgravity 2021; 7:35. [PMID: 34556658 PMCID: PMC8460669 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-021-00162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to microgravity and ionizing radiation during spaceflight missions causes excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that contributes to cellular stress and damage in astronauts. Average spaceflight mission time is expected to lengthen as humanity aims to visit other planets. However, longer missions or spaceflights will undoubtedly lead to an increment in microgravity, ionizing radiation and ROS production. Strategies to minimize ROS damage are necessary to maintain the health of astronauts, future space colonists, and tourists during and after spaceflight missions. An antioxidant cocktail formulated to prevent or mitigate ROS damage during space exploration could help maintain the health of space explorers. We propose key points to consider when developing an antioxidant cocktail. We discuss how ROS damages our body and organs, the genetic predisposition of astronauts to its damage, characteristics and evidence of the effectiveness of antioxidants to combat excess ROS, differences in drug metabolism when on Earth and in space that could modify antioxidant effects, and the characteristics and efficacy of common antioxidants. Based on this information we propose a workflow for assessing astronaut resistance to ROS damage, infight monitoring of ROS production, and an antioxidant cocktail. Developing an antioxidant cocktail represents a big challenge to translate current medical practices from an Earth setting to space. The key points presented in this review could promote the development of different antioxidant formulations to maintain space explorers' health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Gómez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Serena Sanon
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Kevin Zambrano
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Samira Asquel
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mariuxi Bassantes
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Julián E Morales
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Otáñez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Core Pomaquero
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sarah Villarroel
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alejandro Zurita
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Calvache
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Kathlyn Celi
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Terry Contreras
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Dylan Corrales
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - María Belén Naciph
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - José Peña
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador.
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador.
- Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador.
- Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.
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Hafez AA, Samiei S, Salimi A, Jamali Z, Khezri S, Sheikhghaderi H. Calcitriol attenuates the cytotoxicity induced by aluminium phosphide via inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in rat isolated cardiomyocytes. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 176:104883. [PMID: 34119212 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
These days, poisoning with aluminium phosphide (AlP), is one of the main health threats in human societies. Previous studies have been reported that cardiotoxicity induced by AlP, via mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress is the main cause of death in victims. On the other, collectively, multiple lines of evidence strongly suggest that calcitriol has mitochondrial protective and antioxidant effects. Therefore, we assumed that calcitriol could presumably ameliorate AlP-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. Mitochondria and cardiomyocytes were isolated by differential centrifugation and collagenase perfusion respectively from rat heart. The isolated cardiomyocytes and mitochondria were cotreated with different concentrations of calcitriol (0.2, 0.4 and 1 μg/ml) and AlP (20 μg/ml) for 3 h. The parameters of cellular toxicity including; cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, mitochondria membrane potential (ΔΨm) collapse, lysosomal membrane integrity, the level of oxidized and reduced glutathione (GSH and GSSG), and mitochondrial toxicity parameters including; succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and mitochondrial swelling were analyzed using biochemical and flow cytometric evaluations. Administration of AlP significantly increased cytotoxicity, GSH depletion, cellular ROS formation, MDA level, mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction in isolated cardiomyocytes. In isolated mitochondria, AlP decreased SDH activity and mitochondrial swelling. The cotreatment of isolated cardiomyocytes and mitochondria with calcitriol (0.4 and 1 μg/ml) and AlP (20 μg/ml) showed the ability to reduce the toxic effects of AlP. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic role of calcitriol in protecting cardiomyocytes and cardiac mitochondria from oxidative damage induced by AlP. According to the results, calcitriol exerted ameliorative effects against AlP-induced cytotoxicity and mitochondrial toxicity, and the effect was attributed to the antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ashrafi Hafez
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Samiei
- School of Medicine, Kordestan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ahmad Salimi
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Zhaleh Jamali
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Saleh Khezri
- Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hiva Sheikhghaderi
- School of paramedical, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Güvenç M, Cellat M, Gökçek İ, Yavaş İ, Yurdagül Özsoy Ş. Effects of thymol and carvacrol on sperm quality and oxidant/antioxidant balance in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:396-403. [PMID: 29799283 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1476979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the effects of different doses of thymol (T) and carvacrol (C) on sperm quality oxidative stress and antioxidant system. For this purpose, 49 rats were divided into seven groups (7 rats in each group): 1st Group (control); 2nd Group T-10 (thymol 10 mg/kg), 3rd Group T-20 (thymol 20 mg/kg), 4th Group C-10 (carvacrol 10 mg/kg), 5th Group C-20 (carvacrol 20 mg/kg), 6th Group T + C-10 (thymol 10 mg/kg + carvacrol 10 mg/kg) and 7th Group T + C-20 (thymol 20 mg/kg + carvacrol 20 mg/kg). The duration of the experiment was 10 weeks for all animals. During the study, sperm quality parameters (motility, concentration, abnormal spermatozoa and live-dead sperm ratio), biochemical parameters [malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione(GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), AST, ALT, GGT, urea and creatinine] were analysed, and histopathological examination was performed. The study results showed that monotherapies of thymol and carvacrol significantly decreased MDA levels in testicles, liver and kidney tissues compared to the control group (p < .001). GSH levels increased only with the thymol administration and GSH-Px and catalase activity increased only with the carvacrol administration compared to the control group (p < .05). The combined administration of these two agents did not cause any significant change in any parameter. Regarding the sperm quality parameters, only the spermatozoa concentration and motility increased significantly in the thymol and carvacrol groups compared to the control group (p < .01). However, these parameters decreased in the 7th Group (T + C-20) compared to the control group (p < .001). Considering the dead sperm ratio decreased significantly in the 2nd (T-10), 3rd (T-20), 4th (C-10), 5th (C-20) and 6th Group (T + C-10) compared to the control group (p < .001). In respect of spermatozoon anomaly, there was a significant decrease in thymol and carvacrol monotherapy groups. The histopathological analysis of the testicle, liver and kidney tissues of the animals showed no difference between the groups. In conclusion, we have determined that thymol and carvacrol administration decreased the oxidative damage and increased the antioxidant levels and improved the sperm quality parameters. However, the combined use of these two active ingredients had a limited therapeutic effect on the mentioned parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Güvenç
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University , Hatay , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cellat
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University , Hatay , Turkey
| | - İshak Gökçek
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University , Hatay , Turkey
| | - İlker Yavaş
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University , Hatay , Turkey
| | - Şule Yurdagül Özsoy
- Department of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University , Hatay , Turkey
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13
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Ahmadi-Motamayel F, Falsafi P, Abolsamadi H, Goodarzi MT, Poorolajal J. Evaluation of Salivary Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress Markers in Male Smokers. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2019; 22:496-501. [PMID: 31385764 DOI: 10.2174/1386207322666190806123616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke free radicals can cause cellular damage and different diseases. All the body fluids have antioxidants which protect against free radicals. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary total antioxidant capacity and peroxidase, uric acid and malondialdehyde levels in smokers and a nonsmoking control group. METHODS Unstimulated saliva was collected from 510 males. A total of 259 subjects were current smokers and 251 were non-smokers. The levels of salivary total antioxidant capacity, uric acid, peroxidase and malondialdehyde were measured using standard procedures. Data were analyzed with t test and ANOVA. RESULTS The smokers were younger and dental hygiene index was higher than healthy nonsmoking controls. The mean total antioxidant capacity in smokers and nonsmokers was 0.13±0.07 and 0.21±011, respectively (P=0.001). Smokers had significantly lower peroxidase and uric acid levels than healthy controls. In addition, the mean malondialdehyde levels in the smokers and nonsmokers were 4.55 ±2.61 and 2.79 ±2.21, respectively (P=0.001). CONCLUSION Cigarette smoke produces free radical and oxidative stress, causing many side effects. Salivary antioxidant levels decreased and malondialdehyde levels increased in smokers, indicating the high oxidative stress among smokers compared to nonsmokers. Cigarette smoke had deleterious effects on main salivary antioxidants levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel
- Dental Research Center and Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Parisa Falsafi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Abolsamadi
- Dental Research Center, Department of Oral Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad T Goodarzi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Jalal Poorolajal
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Peluso R, Caso F, Tasso M, Sabbatino V, Lupoli R, Dario Di Minno MN, Ursini F, Costa L, Scarpa R. Biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Open Access Rheumatol 2019; 11:143-156. [PMID: 31388317 PMCID: PMC6607207 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s206931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic immune-mediated disease. It is associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia), giving a higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. Patients with PsA have an increased incidence of subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study is to perform a review of the biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with PsA. Methods: A search was performed in the electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase) up until July 2017. Studies were considered if they included data on biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis in PsA, and each article was then reviewed for quality and clinical relevance. After completing the literature search, all screened literature was summarized and discussed in our study group (CaRRDs study group). Results: The initial search produced 532 abstracts, which were limited to 258 potentially relevant articles by preliminary review of the titles and by excluding review articles and case reports (n=274). A further 102 articles were deemed ineligible after examining the abstracts. Full texts of the remaining 156 articles were retrieved. Most articles were excluded because they were not relevant to the biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis in psoriasis and/or PsA. In the end, 54 articles were deemed eligible for this review. Conclusion: Patients with PsA showed more severe atherosclerotic disease compared with patients with only psoriasis. This may have been due to the higher systemic inflammatory burden from the combination of both diseases. In patients with PsA some molecules may be considered as markers of atherosclerotic disease, and their detection may be a prognostic marker, in addition to imaging procedures, for the development of atherosclerotic disease, and could be suitable for the management of patients with PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Peluso
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Rheumatology Research Unit, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Caso
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Rheumatology Research Unit, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Tasso
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Rheumatology Research Unit, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Sabbatino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Rheumatology Research Unit, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Lupoli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Division of Internal Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Ursini
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luisa Costa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Rheumatology Research Unit, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Scarpa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Rheumatology Research Unit, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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15
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Chan JYH, Chan SHH. Differential impacts of brain stem oxidative stress and nitrosative stress on sympathetic vasomotor tone. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 201:120-136. [PMID: 31153955 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Based on work-done in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), this review presents four lessons learnt from studying the differential impacts of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress on sympathetic vasomotor tone and their clinical and therapeutic implications. The first lesson is that an increase in sympathetic vasomotor tone because of augmented oxidative stress in the RVLM is responsible for the generation of neurogenic hypertension. On the other hand, a shift from oxidative stress to nitrosative stress in the RVLM underpins the succession of increase to decrease in sympathetic vasomotor tone during the progression towards brain stem death. The second lesson is that, by having different cellular sources, regulatory mechanisms on synthesis and degradation, kinetics of chemical reactions, and downstream signaling pathways, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species should not be regarded as a singular moiety. The third lesson is that well-defined differential roles of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress with distinct regulatory mechanisms in the RVLM during neurogenic hypertension and brain stem death clearly denote that they are not interchangeable phenomena with unified cellular actions. Special attention must be paid to their beneficial or detrimental roles under a specific disease or a particular time-window of that disease. The fourth lesson is that, to be successful, future antioxidant therapies against neurogenic hypertension must take into consideration the much more complicated picture than that presented in this review on the generation, maintenance, regulation or modulation of the sympathetic vasomotor tone. The identification that the progression towards brain stem death entails a shift from oxidative stress to nitrosative stress in the RVLM may open a new vista for therapeutic intervention to slow down this transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Y H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Samuel H H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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16
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Drzeżdżon J, Jacewicz D, Chmurzyński L. The impact of environmental contamination on the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species - Consequences for plants and humans. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 119:133-151. [PMID: 29957355 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants, such as heavy metals, nanomaterials, and pesticides, induce the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Plants interact closely with the atmosphere, water, and soil, and consequently RONS intensely affect their biochemistry. For the past 30 years researchers have thoroughly examined the role of RONS in plant organisms and oxidative modifications to cellular components. Hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, nitrogen(II) oxide, and hydroxyl radicals have been found to take part in many metabolic pathways. In this review the various aspects of the oxidative stress induced by environmental contamination are described based on an analysis of literature. The review reinforces the contention that RONS play a dual role, that is, both a deleterious and a beneficial one, in plants. Environmental contamination affects human health, also, and so we have additionally described the impact of RONS on the coupled human - environment system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Drzeżdżon
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dagmara Jacewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Lech Chmurzyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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17
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Aydogdu U, Coskun A, Yuksel M, Basbug O, Agaoglu ZT. The effect of dystocia on passive immune status, oxidative stress, venous blood gas and acid-base balance in lambs. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Karabacak M, Kanbur M, Eraslan G, Siliğ Y, Soyer Sarıca Z, Tekeli MY, Taş A. The effects of colostrum on some biochemical parameters in the experimental intoxication of rats with paracetamol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:23897-23908. [PMID: 29881964 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2382-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, the possible prophylactic and therapeutic effects of colostrum (COL) on acute organ injury caused by paracetamol (PAR) in rats were evaluated. Within the scope of this study, a 2-month-old male (150-200 g) 70 Wistar Albino rat was used and a total of seven groups were designed. The first group (CNT) was maintained for control purposes. The second group (COL-1) was given COL for 1 day, at a dose of 500 mg/kg at 6-h intervals, and blood and tissue sampling was performed at 24 h. The third group (COL-7) received COL for 7 days, at a dose of 500 mg/kg at 6-h intervals on day 1 and at a daily dose of 500 mg/kg on the following days, and blood and tissue samples were taken at the end of seventh day. The fourth group (PAR-1) was administered with PAR at a dose of 1.0 g/kg bw and was blood and tissue sampled at 24 h. The fifth group (PAR-7) received PAR at a dose of 1.0 g/kg bw on day 1 and was blood and tissue was removed at the end of day 7. The sixth group (PAR+COL-1) was administered with a combination of PAR (1 g/kg bw) and COL (500 mg/kg at 6-h intervals), and blood and tissue samples were collected at 24 h. The seventh group (PAR+COL-7) received 1.0 g/kg bw of PAR on day 1 and was given COL throughout the 7-day study period (at a dose of 500 mg/kg at 6-h intervals on day 1 and at a daily dose of 500 mg/kg on the following days). In the seventh group, blood and tissue samples were taken at the end of seventh day. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose, creatinine, triglyceride, total bilirubin, total protein and albumin levels/activities were analysed in the serum samples. The malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels/activities, known as oxidative stress parameters, were assayed for tissue homogenates and blood (erythrocytes/plasma); in addition, enzyme activities of GSH S-transferase (GST), cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1), NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase (CYTB5), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), NADPH-cytochrome P450 C reductase (CYTC) and glutathione (GSH) levels/activities defined as drug metabolising parameters were measured in liver homogenates. In result, it was determined that PAR caused significant alterations in some biochemical and lipid peroxidation parameters and the activities/levels of drug metabolising parameters in the liver and that COL normalised some of these parameters and reduced PAR-induced tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mürsel Karabacak
- Safiye Çıkrıkçıoğlu Vocational College, Laboratory and Veterinary Health Department, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Murat Kanbur
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Eraslan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Yavuz Siliğ
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Soyer Sarıca
- Experimental Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Yasin Tekeli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ayça Taş
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Diet, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Sarangarajan R, Meera S, Rukkumani R, Sankar P, Anuradha G. Antioxidants: Friend or foe? ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:1111-1116. [PMID: 29268965 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are the intermediates that are formed during the normal metabolic process which are effectively neutralized by the antioxidant system of the body. Any imbalance in this neutralization process causes oxidative stress which has been implicated as one of the cause in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disorders, cancer etc. Research has enabled the use of antioxidants as therapeutic agents in the treatment of various diseases. Literature also puts forth the negative effects of using antioxidants in the treatment of diseases. This review is a compilation of both the beneficial and detrimental effects of use of antioxidants in the treatment of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sarangarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Madha Dental College, Kundrathur, Chennai, India.
| | - S Meera
- Private Dental Practitioner, Sree Sai Dental Care, Chennai, India
| | - R Rukkumani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - P Sankar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - G Anuradha
- Private Dental Practitioner, Sai Raghav Dental Clinic, Chennai, India
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20
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Mohale DS, Tripathi AS, Shrirao AV, Jawarkar AG, Chandewar AV. Evaluation of antioxidant effect of Nerium indicum in anxious rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2017; 48:430-433. [PMID: 27756956 PMCID: PMC4980933 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.186201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the ethyl acetate extract of Nerium indicum (NIE) flower for its antioxidant effect in anxious Sprague–Dawley rats. Materials and Methods: Animals were divided into six groups (n = 6) and treated with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg p.o. of NIE for 21 days to assess its preventive and curative effects. Anxiety was induced by isolating animals socially for 21 days. Elevated plus maze (EPM) and light and dark model were used for measuring anxiety in animals. Oxidative stress parameters such as lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in blood and brain tissue homogenate were monitored after 21 days of social isolation in animals. Results: Rats were treated with NIE 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg p.o. Both the treatments showed a significant (P < 0.001) increase in the number of open arm entries and time spent in open arm in EPM when compared with the negative control. Results also demonstrated that there was a significant (P < 0.001) increase in the number of lightbox entries and time spent in light box in light and dark model when compared with negative control. There was a significant (P < 0.001) improvement in endogenous anti-oxidants such as SOD, CAT, reduced GSH, and decreased levels of LPO in blood and brain tissue when compared with the negative control. Conclusion: The present study suggests the role of NIE in the treatment of anxiety, possibly by modulating the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Suresh Mohale
- Department of Pharmacology, P Wadhwani College of Pharmacy, Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Abhijit V Shrirao
- Department of Pharmacology, P Wadhwani College of Pharmacy, Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol G Jawarkar
- Department of Pharmacology, P Wadhwani College of Pharmacy, Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anil V Chandewar
- Department of Pharmacology, P Wadhwani College of Pharmacy, Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India
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21
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El-Nekeety AA, Salman AS, Hathout AS, Sabry BA, Abdel-Aziem SH, Hassan NS, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Evaluation of the bioactive extract of actinomyces isolated from the Egyptian environment against aflatoxin B 1-induce cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress in the liver of rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 105:241-255. [PMID: 28442411 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the bioactive compounds of actinomyces (ACT) isolated from the Egyptian environment (D-EGY) and to evaluate their protective activity against AFB1 in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Six groups of animals were treated orally for 3 weeks included: C, the control group, T1, AFB1-treated group (80 μg/kg b.w), T2 and T3, the groups received ACT extract at low (25 mg/kg b.w) or high (50 mg/kg b.w) doses, T4 and T5, the groups received AFB1 plus the low or high dose of ACT extract. Blood, bone marrow and tissue samples were collected for different analyses and histological examination. The results revealed the identification of 40 components, representing 99.98%. Treatment with AFB1 disturbs liver function parameters, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant gene expressions, DNA fragmentation and induced severe histological changes. ACT extract at the low or high doses did not induce significant changes in all the tested parameters or histological picture of the liver. Moreover, ACT extract succeeded to induce a significant protection against the toxicity of AFB1. It could be concluded that the bioactive compounds in ACT are promise candidate for the development of food additive or drugs for the protection and treatment of liver disorders in the endemic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza A El-Nekeety
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa S Salman
- Genetic and Cytology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal S Hathout
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bassem A Sabry
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Nabila S Hassan
- Pathology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Analyses of apoptosis and DNA damage in bovine cumulus cells after in vitro maturation with different copper concentrations: consequences on early embryo development. ZYGOTE 2017; 24:869-879. [PMID: 27805544 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199416000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of copper (Cu) during in vitro maturation (IVM) on apoptosis and DNA integrity of cumulus cells (CC); and oocyte viability. Also, the role of CC in the transport of Cu during IVM was evaluated on oocyte developmental capacity. Damage of DNA was higher in CC matured without Cu (0 µg/dl Cu, P < 0.01) with respect to cells treated with Cu for cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) exposed to 0, 20, 40, or 60 µg/dl Cu). The percentage of apoptotic cells was higher in CC matured without Cu than in CC matured with Cu. Cumulus expansion and viability of CC did not show differences in COC treated with 0, 20, 40, or 60 µg/dl Cu during IVM. After in vitro fertilization (IVF), cleavage rates were higher in COC and DO + CC (denuded oocytes + CC) with or without Cu than in DO. Independently of CC presence (COC, DO + CC or DO) the blastocyst rates were higher when 60 µg/dl Cu was added to IVM medium compared to medium alone. These results indicate that Cu supplementation to IVM medium: (i) decreased DNA damage and apoptosis in CC; (ii) did not modify oocyte viability and cumulus expansion; and (iii) improved subsequent embryo development up to blastocyst stage regardless of CC presence during IVM.
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Omar NM, Sarhan NR. The possible protective role of pumpkin seed oil in an animal model of acid aspiration pneumonia: Light and electron microscopic study. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:161-171. [PMID: 28122663 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aspiration pneumonitis is a common problem occurring in many clinical disorders. Pumpkin seed oil (PO) is a rich source of antioxidants. This work aimed to assess the effect of PO on the lung histopathological changes induced by acid aspiration. Forty male albino rats assigned to four groups were used. Rats of control group were instilled intratracheally with normal saline 2mL/kg. HCL group instilled with 2mL/kg of HCL 0.1N, pH 1.25. PO group received pumpkin seed oil (PO) orally (∼1375mg/kgbw/day) for 7days. HCL+PO group instilled with 2mL/kg of HCL 0.1N, pH 1.25 and received PO at the same dose of PO group. Lung tissue samples were processed for light, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical study using anti inducible NO synthase (iNOS). The lung of HCL group demonstrated thickened interalveolar septa, inflammatory cell infiltration and significant increase in the area percent of collagenous fibers and immune expression of iNOS. Ultra structurally, disrupted alveolocapillay membrane, degenerated type II pneumocytes and plentiful alveolar macrophages were evident. PO administration partially attenuated these histological and ultra structural alterations and reduced iNOS immune-expression in lung tissue. In conclusion, PO has a protective effect against HCL aspiration lung injury most probably through its antioxidant activity.
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Kim JH, Kim YC, Nahm FS, Lee PB. The Therapeutic Effect of Vitamin C in an Animal Model of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Produced by Prolonged Hindpaw Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:97-101. [PMID: 28138314 PMCID: PMC5278664 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.17681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: It is known that increased free radicals from oxidative stress are one of the major causes of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that vitamin C has a dose-related treatment effect in a chronic post-ischemic pain (CPIP) model. Methods: A total of 49 male rats weighing 250 to 350 g were used. The 4 treatment groups were control (no medication), group 1.0 (administration of 1 mg/day for vitamin C for 5 days), group 2.5 (administration of 2.5 mg/day vitamin C for 5 days), and group 7.5 (administration of 7.5 mg/day vitamin C for 5 days). The 50% mechanical withdrawal threshold and total blood antioxidant status (TAS) were measured before and after administration of vitamin C. Results: Twenty-eight CPIP model rats were generated from 49 rats. Seven rats were randomly allocated to each group. The 50% mechanical withdrawal threshold of group 2.5 (after the administration of vitamin C) was higher than that of the control group and group 1.0 (P < 0.05). At 1 day of the administration of vitamin C, the 50% mechanical withdrawal threshold of group 1.0 was higher than that of the control group and the blood levels of TAS in groups 2.5 and 7.5 were higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). Twelve days after the administration of vitamin C, the blood levels of TAS in groups 2.5 and 7.5 were lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Discussion: The administration of a proper dose of vitamin C can reduce oxidative stress, increase antioxidants, and recover the threshold for mechanical allodynia in the CPIP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine
| | - Yong Chul Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital
| | - Francis Sahngun Nahm
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
| | - Pyung Bok Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
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Agrawal M. Natural polyphenols based new therapeutic avenues for advanced biomedical applications. Drug Metab Rev 2015; 47:420-30. [PMID: 26526493 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2015.1102933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are naturally occurring, synthetic or semisynthetic organic compounds that offer a vast array of advanced biomedical applications. The mostly researched polyphenolic compounds are resveratrol and flavanols, notably (-)-epicatechin. The ongoing research on clinically important resveratrol and flavanols has revealed their potentials as extremely efficient drug agents that can be leveraged for new therapeutic designs for combating stroke related injuries, cancer and renal failures. Here, we have highlighted recent developments in this area with an emphasis on the biomedical applications of polyphenols. Also, a perspective on the future research directions has been discussed. We believe that this review would facilitate further research and development of polyphenols as a therapeutic avenue in medical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Agrawal
- a Department of Biology , University of Arkansas at Little Rock , Little Rock , AR , USA
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Shettar AK, Kotresha K, Kaliwal BB, Vedamurthy AB. Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Ximenia americana extracts. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lin CY, Huang PJ, Chao CY. Chlorella protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced pancreatic β-cell damage. J Med Food 2015; 17:1273-80. [PMID: 25250885 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.3002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the etiology of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and diabetes. Studies have shown that chlorella could be important in health promotion or disease prevention through its antioxidant capacity. However, whether chlorella has a cytoprotective effect in pancreatic β-cells remains to be elucidated. We investigated the protective effects of chlorella on H2O2-induced oxidative damage in INS-1 (832/13) cells. Chlorella partially restored cell viability after H2O2 toxicity. To further investigate the effects of chlorella on mitochondria function and cellular oxidative stress, we analyzed mitochondria membrane potential, ATP concentrations, and cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Chlorella prevented mitochondria disruption and maintained cellular ATP levels after H2O2 toxicity. It also normalized intracellular levels of ROS to that of control in the presence of H2O2. Chlorella protected cells from apoptosis as indicated by less p-Histone and caspase 3 activation. In addition, chlorella not only enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), but also partially restored the reduced GSIS after H2O2 toxicity. Our results suggest that chlorella is effective in amelioration of cellular oxidative stress and destruction, and therefore protects INS-1 (832/13) cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis and increases insulin secretion. Chlorella should be studied for use in the prevention or treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Lin
- 1 Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University , Taichung, Taiwan
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Silva BNS, Araújo ÍLSBD, Queiroz PMA, Duarte ALBP, Burgos MGPDA. Intake of antioxidants in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2015; 60:555-9. [PMID: 25650856 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.60.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to investigate dietary intake of antioxidants in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS this is a cross-sectional case series study with 53 women accompanied at the Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic, Hospital das Clínicas/UFPE, from January to October 2012. Demographic and anthropometric parameters (weight, height, body mass index, weight change) were collected by means of a form. The assessment of food consumption was conducted using a semi-quantitative food frequency survey, analyzed according to a food composition table. Database construction and statistical analysis were performed using Excel and SPSS version 18.0, using chi-squared test, Anova, and Student's t-test, at a confidence level of 5%. RESULTS the sample was composed of 53 women with a mean age of 54.51 ± 4.24 years and BMI of 25.97 ± 5.94 kg/m². In the sociodemographic variables, statistically significant differences in origin, occupation, and income were observed. Daily consumption showed significance for vitamins A, C, and zinc. In adults, vitamins A and C were in accordance with recommendations, while in the elderly a low intake of vitamin E and selenium was observed. The relation between vitamin E and origin was significant. CONCLUSION the sample was composed of 53 women with a mean age of 54.51 ± 4.24 years and BMI of 25.97 ± 5.94 kg/m². In the sociodemographic variables, statistically significant differences in origin, occupation, and income were observed. Daily consumption showed significance for vitamins A, C, and zinc. In adults, vitamins A and C were in accordance with recommendations, while in the elderly a low intake of vitamin E and selenium was observed. The relation between vitamin E and origin was significant.
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Ali N. Polyphenols and Bionanoparticle Combinations as Neuroprotective and Anticarcinogenic Agents: A Potential Neuropharmacological Solution to Combat Cerebral Stroke and Cancer. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2014.981904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abdel-Wahhab MA, Aljawish A, El-Nekeety AA, Abdel-Aiezm SH, Abdel-Kader HAM, Rihn BH, Joubert O. Chitosan nanoparticles and quercetin modulate gene expression and prevent the genotoxicity of aflatoxin B 1 in rat liver. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:737-747. [PMID: 28962409 PMCID: PMC5598511 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the current study were to prepare chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) and to evaluate its protective role alone or in combination with quercetin (Q) against AFB1-induce cytotoxicity in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 12 groups and treated orally for 4 weeks as follow: the control group, the group treated with AFB1 (80 μg/kg b.w.) in corn oil, the groups treated with low (140 mg/kg b.w.) or high (280 mg/kg b.w.) dose of CNPs, the group treated with Q (50 mg/kg b.w.), the groups treated with Q plus the low or the high dose of CNPs and the groups treated with AFB1 plus Q and/or CNPs at the two tested doses. The results also revealed that administration of AFB1 resulted in a significant increase in serum cytokines, Procollagen III, Nitric Oxide, lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation accompanied with a significant decrease in GPx I and Cu–Zn SOD-mRNA gene expression. Q and/or CNPs at the two tested doses overcome these effects especially in the group treated with the high dose of CNPs plus Q. It could be concluded that CNPs is a promise candidate as drug delivery enhances the protective effect of Q against the cytogenetic effects of AFB1 in high endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulhadi Aljawish
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules (LIBio), 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA40602-F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Aziza A El-Nekeety
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Bertrand H Rihn
- Faculty of Pharmacy, EA 3452 CITHEFOR, Lorraine University, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Joubert
- Faculty of Pharmacy, EA 3452 CITHEFOR, Lorraine University, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
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Hininger-Favier I, Osman M, Roussel AM, Intes L, Montanari B. Positive effects of an oral supplementation by Glisodin, a gliadin-combined SOD-rich melon extract, in an animal model of dietary-induced oxidative stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10298-015-0928-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Haser D, Fürll M. [Age-related changes in antioxidant parameters in healthy calves between the first day of life and the 18th month taking into consideration selected metabolic parameters]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2014; 43:5-13. [PMID: 25427759 DOI: 10.15653/tpg-140481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To follow the age-dependent development of anti-oxidative metabolic parameters in healthy cattle from birth until 18 months of age. MATERIAL AND METHODS Blood samples from healthy female cattle were collected at days 1 and 7 post natum (p. n.) and during the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th and 18th month p. n. The antioxidant parameters superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and Trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity (TEAC), haematocrit (Hct) and the metabolic parameters total protein, albumin, bilirubin, calcium, inorganic phosphate, iron, urea, cholesterol, β-hydroxybutyrate, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate transaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and haptoglobin were determined. RESULTS All three antioxidant parameters displayed a comparable time-course, with a maximum at 6 months p. n. With the exception of the 9th month p. n., significantly positive correlations were found constantly. GPX activity increased continuously from 50-80 U/ml Hct on day 1 p. n. to 100-190 U/ml Hct in the 6th month p. n. The significantly lowest activities were found on the 1st and 7th day p. n. SOD activity at the 1st (4500-5600 U/g haemoglobin [Hb]) and 7th day p. n. were significantly lower than in the 1st and 3rd month p. n. Activi- ties at 12 and 18 months displayed significantly lower values com- pared to the 1st, 3rd and 6th (5000-9100 U/g Hb) month p. n. The increase in the TEAC concentration from 220-290 µmol/l on day 1 to 260-340 µmol/l in the 6th month p. n. was non-significant. Thereafter, a significant decrease in the concentrations (p>0.05) was found. CONCLUSION Parallel trends for SOD, GPX and TEAC found in this study indicate a fully functioning antioxidant defence system in the calf, which is well adjusted to and able to compensate the inevitable oxidative stress of birth, onset of respiration, haemoglobin remodelling, forestomach development and other physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Haser
- Daniela Haser, Unterer Engen 8, 09627 Bobritzsch-Hilbersdorf, E-Mail:
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The neuroprotective effect of cornus MAS on brain tissue of Wistar rats. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:847368. [PMID: 25401157 PMCID: PMC4221989 DOI: 10.1155/2014/847368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas) is a valuable source of phenolic antioxidants. Flavonoid derivatives as nonenzymatic antioxidants are important in the pathophysiology of many diseases including neurological disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or heart disease. In this study, we examined the effect of an addition of freeze-dried fruit of cornelian cherry on three types of diets: control diet, fructose diet, and diet enriched in fats (high-fat diet). This effect was studied by determining the following antioxidant parameters in both brain tissue and plasma in rats: catalase, ferric reducing ability of plasma, paraoxonase, protein carbonyl groups, and free thiol groups. Results indicate that both fructose diet and high-fat diet affect the antioxidant capacity of the organism. Furthermore, an addition of cornelian cherry resulted in increased activity of catalase in brain tissue, while in plasma it caused the opposite effect. In turn, with regard to paraoxonase activity in both brain tissue and plasma, it had a stimulating effect. Adding cornelian cherry to the tested diets increased the activity of PON in both tested tissues. Moreover, protective effect of fruits of this plant was observed in the process of oxidation of proteins by decreasing levels of protein carbonyl groups and thiol groups in brain tissue as well as in plasma.
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Joya X, Garcia-Algar O, Salat-Batlle J, Pujades C, Vall O. Advances in the development of novel antioxidant therapies as an approach for fetal alcohol syndrome prevention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 103:163-77. [PMID: 25131946 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol is the most common human teratogen, and its consumption during pregnancy can produce a wide range of abnormalities in infants known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). The major characteristics of FASD can be divided into: (i) growth retardation, (ii) craniofacial abnormalities, and (iii) central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. FASD is the most common cause of nongenetic mental retardation in Western countries. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms of ethanol neurotoxicity are not completely determined, the induction of oxidative stress is believed to be one central process linked to the development of the disease. Currently, there is no known effective strategy for prevention (other than alcohol avoidance) or treatment. In the present review we will provide the state of art in the evidence for the use of antioxidants as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment using whole-embryo and culture cells models of FASD. We conclude that the imbalance of the intracellular redox state contributes to the pathogenesis observed in FASD models, and we suggest that antioxidant therapy can be considered a new efficient strategy to mitigate the effects of prenatal ethanol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Joya
- Unitat de Recerca Infància i Entorn (URIE), Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Red de Salud Materno-Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Programa RETICS, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Cao SS, Kaufman RJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in cell fate decision and human disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:396-413. [PMID: 24702237 PMCID: PMC4076992 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 858] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a specialized organelle for the folding and trafficking of proteins, which is highly sensitive to changes in intracellular homeostasis and extracellular stimuli. Alterations in the protein-folding environment cause accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER that profoundly affect a variety of cellular signaling processes, including reduction-oxidation (redox) homeostasis, energy production, inflammation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a collection of adaptive signaling pathways that evolved to resolve protein misfolding and restore an efficient protein-folding environment. RECENT ADVANCES Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been linked to ER stress and the UPR. ROS play a critical role in many cellular processes and can be produced in the cytosol and several organelles, including the ER and mitochondria. Studies suggest that altered redox homeostasis in the ER is sufficient to cause ER stress, which could, in turn, induce the production of ROS in the ER and mitochondria. CRITICAL ISSUES Although ER stress and oxidative stress coexist in many pathologic states, whether and how these stresses interact is unknown. It is also unclear how changes in the protein-folding environment in the ER cause oxidative stress. In addition, how ROS production and protein misfolding commit the cell to an apoptotic death and contribute to various degenerative diseases is unknown. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A greater fundamental understanding of the mechanisms that preserve protein folding homeostasis and redox status will provide new information toward the development of novel therapeutics for many human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Siyan Cao
- 1 Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute , La Jolla, California
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[Effect of a hypocaloric diet in the oxidative stress in obese subjects without prescription of exercise and antioxidants]. Med Clin (Barc) 2014; 145:1-6. [PMID: 24629690 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Obesity is characterized by a generalized increase of adipose tissue, high production of adipocytokines and presence of oxidative systemic stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes generated in the oxidative stress and anthropometric parameters in obese subjects by the prescription of a hypocaloric diet in combination with moderate aerobic exercise and supplementation with antioxidants. PATIENTS AND METHODS Oxidative damage was determined in the plasma from 30 normal weight and 30 obese subjects. Three groups of treatment were established: Hypocaloric diet (HD), HD plus moderate aerobic exercise (HDE) and HDE plus antioxidants (DHEA). Biomarkers of oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS], carbonyl groups, dityrosine) and anthropometric parameters were determined. RESULTS Higher values of biomarkers of oxidative damage were observed in obese (TBARS 13.74 ± 1.2 μM; carbonyl groups 0.89 ± 0.04 nmol of osazone/mg of protein; dityrosine 478.9 ± 27.4 RFU/mg of protein) in comparison to normal weight subjects (TBARS 7.08 ± 0.8 μM; carbonyl groups 0.65 ± 0.04 nmol of osazone/mg of protein; dityrosine 126.3 ± 12.6 RFU/mg of protein), thus showing the presence of an oxidative damage. The prescription of HD decreased the oxidative damage and anthropometric parameters in the obese subjects. We did not observe additional benefit effects on these determinations with HDE or HDEA treatments. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that an HD decreases the oxidative damage in obese subjects. Oxidative stress is an important factor in the development of comorbidity in obesity. Therefore, the prescription of a HD could be a key issue in the treatment of the disease.
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Shahid M, Pourrut B, Dumat C, Nadeem M, Aslam M, Pinelli E. Heavy-metal-induced reactive oxygen species: phytotoxicity and physicochemical changes in plants. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 232:1-44. [PMID: 24984833 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06746-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As a result of the industrial revolution, anthropogenic activities have enhanced there distribution of many toxic heavy metals from the earth's crust to different environmental compartments. Environmental pollution by toxic heavy metals is increasing worldwide, and poses a rising threat to both the environment and to human health.Plants are exposed to heavy metals from various sources: mining and refining of ores, fertilizer and pesticide applications, battery chemicals, disposal of solid wastes(including sewage sludge), irrigation with wastewater, vehicular exhaust emissions and adjacent industrial activity.Heavy metals induce various morphological, physiological, and biochemical dysfunctions in plants, either directly or indirectly, and cause various damaging effects. The most frequently documented and earliest consequence of heavy metal toxicity in plants cells is the overproduction of ROS. Unlike redox-active metals such as iron and copper, heavy metals (e.g, Pb, Cd, Ni, AI, Mn and Zn) cannot generate ROS directly by participating in biological redox reactions such as Haber Weiss/Fenton reactions. However, these metals induce ROS generation via different indirect mechanisms, such as stimulating the activity of NADPH oxidases, displacing essential cations from specific binding sites of enzymes and inhibiting enzymatic activities from their affinity for -SH groups on the enzyme.Under normal conditions, ROS play several essential roles in regulating the expression of different genes. Reactive oxygen species control numerous processes like the cell cycle, plant growth, abiotic stress responses, systemic signalling, programmed cell death, pathogen defence and development. Enhanced generation of these species from heavy metal toxicity deteriorates the intrinsic antioxidant defense system of cells, and causes oxidative stress. Cells with oxidative stress display various chemical,biological and physiological toxic symptoms as a result of the interaction between ROS and biomolecules. Heavy-metal-induced ROS cause lipid peroxidation, membrane dismantling and damage to DNA, protein and carbohydrates. Plants have very well-organized defense systems, consisting of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidation processes. The primary defense mechanism for heavy metal detoxification is the reduced absorption of these metals into plants or their sequestration in root cells.Secondary heavy metal tolerance mechanisms include activation of antioxidant enzymes and the binding of heavy metals by phytochelatins, glutathione and amino acids. These defense systems work in combination to manage the cascades of oxidative stress and to defend plant cells from the toxic effects of ROS.In this review, we summarized the biochemiCal processes involved in the over production of ROS as an aftermath to heavy metal exposure. We also described the ROS scavenging process that is associated with the antioxidant defense machinery.Despite considerable progress in understanding the biochemistry of ROS overproduction and scavenging, we still lack in-depth studies on the parameters associated with heavy metal exclusion and tolerance capacity of plants. For example, data about the role of glutathione-glutaredoxin-thioredoxin system in ROS detoxification in plant cells are scarce. Moreover, how ROS mediate glutathionylation (redox signalling)is still not completely understood. Similarly, induction of glutathione and phytochelatins under oxidative stress is very well reported, but it is still unexplained that some studied compounds are not involved in the detoxification mechanisms. Moreover,although the role of metal transporters and gene expression is well established for a few metals and plants, much more research is needed. Eventually, when results for more metals and plants are available, the mechanism of the biochemical and genetic basis of heavy metal detoxification in plants will be better understood. Moreover, by using recently developed genetic and biotechnological tools it may be possible to produce plants that have traits desirable for imparting heavy metal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE There is now compelling evidence to substantiate the notion that by depressing baroreflex regulation of blood pressure and augmenting central sympathetic outflow through their actions on the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), brain stem nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important contributing factors to neural mechanisms of hypertension. This review summarizes our contemporary views on the impact of NOS and ROS in the NTS and RVLM on neurogenic hypertension, and presents potential antihypertensive strategies that target brain stem NOS/ROS signaling. RECENT ADVANCES NO signaling in the brain stem may be pro- or antihypertensive depending on the NOS isoform that generates this gaseous moiety and the site of action. Elevation of the ROS level when its production overbalances its degradation in the NTS and RVLM underlies neurogenic hypertension. Interventional strategies with emphases on alleviating the adverse actions of these molecules on blood pressure regulation have been investigated. CRITICAL ISSUES The pathological roles of NOS in the RVLM and NTS in neural mechanisms of hypertension are highly complex. Likewise, multiple signaling pathways underlie the deleterious roles of brain-stem ROS in neurogenic hypertension. There are recent indications that interactions between brain stem ROS and NOS may play a contributory role. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Given the complicity of action mechanisms of brain-stem NOS and ROS in neural mechanisms of hypertension, additional studies are needed to identify the most crucial therapeutic target that is applicable not only in animal models but also in patients suffering from neurogenic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H H Chan
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Eraslan G, Kanbur M, Aslan Ö, Karabacak M. The antioxidant effects of pumpkin seed oil on subacute aflatoxin poisoning in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2013; 28:681-8. [PMID: 24591108 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at the investigation of the antioxidant effect of pumpkin seed oil against the oxidative stress-inducing potential of aflatoxin. For this purpose, 48 male BALB/c mice were used. Four groups, each comprising 12 mice, were established. Group 1 was maintained as the control group. Group 2 was administered with pumpkin seed oil alone at a dose of 1.5 mL/kg.bw/day (∼1375mg/kg.bw/day). Group 3 received aflatoxin (82.45% AFB1 , 10.65% AFB2 , 4.13% AFG1, and 2.77% AFG2 ) alone at a dose of 625 μg/kg.bw/day. Finally, group 4 was given both 1.5 mL/kg.bw/day pumpkin seed oil and 625 μg/kg.bw/day aflatoxin. All administrations were oral, performed with the aid of a gastric tube and continued for a period of 21 days. At the end of day 21, the liver, lungs, kidneys, brain, heart, and spleen of the animals were excised, and the extirpated tissues were homogenized appropriately. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined in tissue homogenates. In conclusion, it was determined that aflatoxin exhibited adverse effects on most of the oxidative stress markers. The administration of pumpkin seed oil diminished aflatoxin-induced adverse effects. In other words, the values of the group, which was administered with both aflatoxin and pumpkin seed oil, were observed to have drawn closer to the values of the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Eraslan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Anchordoquy JP, Anchordoquy JM, Picco SJ, Sirini MA, Errecalde AL, Furnus CC. Influence of manganese on apoptosis and glutathione content of cumulus cells during in vitro maturation in bovine oocytes. Cell Biol Int 2013; 38:246-53. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Patricio Anchordoquy
- Instituto de Genética Veterinaria Prof. Fernando N. Dulout, (UNLP‐CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Nacional de La PlataArgentina
- Cátedra de FisiologíaLaboratorio de Nutrición Mineral, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La PlataArgentina
| | - Juan Mateo Anchordoquy
- Instituto de Genética Veterinaria Prof. Fernando N. Dulout, (UNLP‐CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Nacional de La PlataArgentina
- Cátedra de FisiologíaLaboratorio de Nutrición Mineral, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La PlataArgentina
| | - Sebastián J. Picco
- Instituto de Genética Veterinaria Prof. Fernando N. Dulout, (UNLP‐CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Nacional de La PlataArgentina
- Cátedra de FisiologíaLaboratorio de Nutrición Mineral, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La PlataArgentina
| | - Matías A. Sirini
- Instituto de Genética Veterinaria Prof. Fernando N. Dulout, (UNLP‐CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Nacional de La PlataArgentina
- Cátedra de FisiologíaLaboratorio de Nutrición Mineral, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La PlataArgentina
| | - Ana Lía Errecalde
- Cátedra de CitologíaHistología y Embriología ‘A’, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La PlataArgentina
| | - Cecilia C. Furnus
- Instituto de Genética Veterinaria Prof. Fernando N. Dulout, (UNLP‐CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias VeterinariasUniversidad Nacional de La PlataArgentina
- Cátedra de CitologíaHistología y Embriología ‘A’, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La PlataArgentina
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Chan SHH, Chan JYH. Angiotensin-generated reactive oxygen species in brain and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1074-84. [PMID: 22429119 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Overproduction of angiotensin II (Ang II) in brain contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. One of the most promising theses that emerged during the last decade is that production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of redox-dependent signaling cascades underlie those Ang II actions. This review summarizes our status of understanding on the roles of ROS and redox-sensitive signaling in brain Ang II-dependent cardiovascular diseases, using hypertension and heart failure as illustrative examples. RECENT ADVANCES ROS generated by NADPH oxidase, mitochondrial electron transport chain, and proinflammatory cytokines activates mitogen-activated protein kinases and transcription factors, which in turn modulate ion channel functions and ultimately increase neuronal activity and sympathetic outflow in brain Ang II-dependent cardiovascular diseases. Antioxidants targeting ROS have been demonstrated to be beneficial to Ang II-induced hypertension and heart failure via protection from oxidative stress in brain regions that subserve cardiovascular regulation. CRITICAL ISSUES Intra-neuronal signaling and the downstream redox-sensitive proteins involved in controlling the neuronal discharge rate, the sympathetic outflow, and the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases need to be identified. The cross talk between Ang II-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in neural mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases also warrants further elucidation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future studies are needed to identify new redox-based therapeutics that work not only in animal models, but also in patients suffering from the prevalent diseases. Upregulation of endogenous antioxidants in the regulation of ROS homeostasis is a potential therapeutic target, as are small molecule- or nanoformulated conjugate-based antioxidant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H H Chan
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chetboun M, Abitbol G, Rozenberg K, Rozenfeld H, Deutsch A, Sampson SR, Rosenzweig T. Maintenance of redox state and pancreatic beta-cell function: role of leptin and adiponectin. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:1966-76. [PMID: 22253064 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Whereas oxidative stress is linked to cellular damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also believed to be involved in the propagation of signaling pathways. Studies on the role of ROS in pancreatic beta-cell physiology, in contrast to pathophysiology, have not yet been reported. In this study we investigate the importance of maintaining cellular redox state on pancreatic beta-cell function and viability, and the effects of leptin and adiponectin on this balance. Experiments were conducted on RINm and MIN6 pancreatic beta-cells. Leptin (1-100 ng/ml) and adiponectin (1-100 nM) increased ROS accumulation, as was determined by DCFDA fluorescence. Using specific inhibitors, we found that the increase in ROS levels was mediated by NADPH oxidase (Nox), but not by AMP kinase (AMPK) or phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase (PI3K). Leptin and adiponectin increased beta-cell number as detected by the XTT method, but did not affect apoptosis, indicating that the increased cell number results from increased proliferation. The adipokines-induced increase in viability is ROS dependent as this effect was abolished by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or PEG-catalase. In addition, insulin secretion was found to be regulated by alterations in redox state, but not by adipokines. Finally, the effects of the various treatments on activity and mRNA expression of several antioxidant enzymes were determined. Both leptin and adiponectin reduced mRNA levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD)1. Adiponectin also decreased SOD activity and increased catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in the presence of H2O2. The results of this study show that leptin and adiponectin, by inducing a physiological increase in ROS levels, may be positive regulators of beta-cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moria Chetboun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University Center of Samaria, Ariel, Israel
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Warzecha Z, Ceranowicz D, Dembiński A, Ceranowicz P, Cieszkowski J, Kuwahara A, Kato I, Dembiński M, Konturek PC. Ghrelin accelerates the healing of cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers in rats. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:BR181-7. [PMID: 22534700 PMCID: PMC3560627 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that administration of ghrelin exhibits protective and therapeutic effects in the gut. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the influence of ghrelin administration on the course of cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers, as well as effects on mucosal production of oxygen free radicals and duodenal antioxidant defense. Material/Methods Duodenal ulcers were induced in male Wistar rats by cysteamine administered intragastrically at the dose of 200 mg/kg in 1 ml of saline, 3 times at 4-h intervals. Starting 24 h after the first dose of cysteamine, rats were treated intraperitoneally twice a day with saline or ghrelin given at the dose of 4, 8 or 16 nmol/kg/dose. Seven days after administration of the first dose of cysteamine, the study was terminated. Results Induction of ulcers by cysteamine was accompanied by a reduction in duodenal blood flow, mucosal DNA synthesis and mucosal activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD); whereas mucosal concentration of interleukin-1β and malonyldialdehyde (MDA – an index of lipid peroxidation) were increased. Treatment with ghrelin increased healing rate of duodenal ulcers and enhanced duodenal blood flow, mucosal DNA synthesis and mucosal activity of SOD, and reduced mucosal concentration of interleukin-1β and MDA. Conclusions Treatment with ghrelin increases the healing rate of duodenal ulcers and this effect is related, at least in part, to improvement of duodenal mucosal blood flow, mucosal cell proliferation and antioxidant defense, as well as being related to reduction in mucosal oxidative stress and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zygmunt Warzecha
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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de Castro GSF, dos Santos RA, Portari GV, Jordão AA, Vannucchi H. Omega-3 improves glucose tolerance but increases lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in hepatocytes of fructose-fed rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012; 37:233-40. [PMID: 22360345 DOI: 10.1139/h11-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The high consumption of fructose is linked to the increase in various characteristics of the metabolic syndrome. Fish oil is beneficial for the treatment of these comorbidities, such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the consequences of the administration of fish oil concomitant to fructose ingestion during the experiment (45 days) and during the final 15 days in high-fructose-fed rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: control; those receiving 10% fish oil (FO); those receiving 60% fructose (Fr); those receiving 60% fructose and 10% fish oil for 45 days (FrFO); and those receiving fructose plus soybean oil for 30 days and fish oil for the final 15 days of the study (FrFO15). There was an increase in triacylglycerol, serum total cholesterol, and hepatic volume in the Fr group. The FO and FrFO groups experienced an increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in serum reduced glutathione. The FrFO group suffered greater hepatic injury, with increased alanine aminotransferase levels and DNA damage. Marked n-3 incorporation occurred in the groups receiving fish oil, favoring a better response to the oral glucose tolerance test. Fructose induced comorbidities of the metabolic syndrome, and the use of fish oil promoted a better glucose tolerance, although it was accompanied by more hepatocyte damage.
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Biomarkers of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with autoimmune disorders. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:503942. [PMID: 22529523 PMCID: PMC3317012 DOI: 10.1155/2012/503942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is accelerated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). We investigated a possible association of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDLs), nitric oxide (NO), 3-nitrotyrosine, vitamin A, vitamin E, and β-carotene serum levels with subclinical atherosclerosis in RA and PsA. By the use of ELISA, we observed higher ox-LDL levels in patients with intima-media thickness (IMT) > 1 than in patients with IMT ≤ 1 and a negative correlation between NO levels and IMT values.
By the use of high-performance liquid chromatography, we determined higher levels of vitamin A in patients with PsA and IMT ≤ 1 than in controls and lower levels of β-carotene in patients with RA and PsA than in controls. β-carotene concentrations were negatively correlated to the duration of disease in RA. Our study confirms that ox-LDLs and NO may be markers of accelerated atherosclerosis in RA and PsA whereas vitamins seem to be associated only to the presence of the autoimmune disorders.
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Effect of Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.)DC on alcohol-induced oxidative stress in pancreas of male albino rats. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 4:973-7. [PMID: 22118034 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 09/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the efficacy of n-hexane extract of Emilia sonchifolia (E. sonchifobia) against ethanol induced pancreatic dysfunction in the young Wistar albino rats. METHODS The rats were divided into four groups. Control rats in group received distilled water orally, group received oral administration of 20% (w/v) ethanol dissolved in drinking water, group received oral administration of 20% (w/v) ethanol in distilled water+n-hexane extract of E. sonchifolia (250 mg/kg body weight), and group received oral administration of n-hexane extract of E. sonchifolia (250 mg/kg body weight) alone. Liver marker enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), pancreatic enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, non-enzymatic antioxidants glutathione and vitamin C were measured and compared. RESULTS Administration of 20% ethanol for 16 weeks significantly increased the liver marker enzymes AST, ALT(P<0.05), reduced the pancreatic enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione and vitamin C(P<0.05). Histopathological examination showed that the ethanol provoked the oxidative stress which was demonstrated as pancreatic necrosis and oedema. Simultaneous administration of n-hexane extract of E. sonchifolia (250 mg/kg body weight) protected the pancreas against the damage induced by ethanol which was confirmed by the histopathological studies and the normalization of biochemical parameters. CONCLUSIONS Thus n-hexane extract of E. sonchifolia shows a promise in therapeutic use in alcohol induced oxidative stress.
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Free radical scavenging activity of Castanopsis indica in mediating hepatoprotective activity of carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Katz DL, Doughty K, Ali A. Cocoa and chocolate in human health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2779-811. [PMID: 21470061 PMCID: PMC4696435 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cocoa contains more phenolic antioxidants than most foods. Flavonoids, including catechin, epicatechin, and procyanidins predominate in antioxidant activity. The tricyclic structure of the flavonoids determines antioxidant effects that scavenge reactive oxygen species, chelate Fe2+ and Cu+, inhibit enzymes, and upregulate antioxidant defenses. The epicatechin content of cocoa is primarily responsible for its favorable impact on vascular endothelium via its effect on both acute and chronic upregulation of nitric oxide production. Other cardiovascular effects are mediated through anti-inflammatory effects of cocoa polyphenols, and modulated through the activity of NF-κB. Antioxidant effects of cocoa may directly influence insulin resistance and, in turn, reduce risk for diabetes. Further, cocoa consumption may stimulate changes in redox-sensitive signaling pathways involved in gene expression and the immune response. Cocoa can protect nerves from injury and inflammation, protect the skin from oxidative damage from UV radiation in topical preparations, and have beneficial effects on satiety, cognitive function, and mood. As cocoa is predominantly consumed as energy-dense chocolate, potential detrimental effects of overconsumption exist, including increased risk of weight gain. Overall, research to date suggests that the benefits of moderate cocoa or dark chocolate consumption likely outweigh the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Katz
- Yale University Prevention Research Center, Griffin Hospital, Derby, Connecticut 06418, USA.
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Karabacak M, Kanbur M, Eraslan G, Soyer Sarıca Z. The antioxidant effect of wheat germ oil on subchronic coumaphos exposure in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:2119-2125. [PMID: 21851982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Forty-eight male Balb/C mice, allocated to 4 equal groups, constituted the material of the study. The first group was maintained as the control group and was administered solely with a vehicle, which was used to dissolve coumaphos in the third and fourth groups. The second group was administered with 1.5 ml/kg.bw/day (∼1400 mg/kg.bw/day) of wheat germ oil. The third group received 5.5mg/kg.bw/day (1/10 LD50(oral)) of coumaphos. Finally, the fourth group was given both coumaphos and wheat germ oil at the doses indicated above. In all groups, the compounds were given directly into the stomach using a gastric tube, and treatment was continued for a period of 45 days. At the end of the 45th day, the liver, lungs, kidneys, brain, heart and spleen were extirpated in all of the animals. Tissue homogenates prepared from the tissue specimens were analysed for malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. In conclusion, it was determined that coumaphos led to adverse alterations in the majority of the oxidative stress markers investigated. The administration of wheat germ oil alleviated the coumpahos-induced adverse effects detected in the tissues examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mürsel Karabacak
- Erciyes University, Safiye Çıkrıkçıoğlu Vocational College, Department of Animal Science, Kayseri, Turkey
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Analysis of apoptosis and DNA damage in bovine cumulus cells after exposure in vitro to different zinc concentrations. Cell Biol Int 2011; 35:593-7. [PMID: 21087207 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Zn (zinc) concentration on CCs (cumulus cells) during in vitro maturation. For this purpose, DNA integrity of CCs by addition of different Zn concentrations [0 (control); 0.7 μg/ml (Zn1); 1.1 μg/ml (Zn2) and 1.5 μg/ml (Zn3)] to the culture medium was evaluated by comet assay. In addition, early apoptosis was analysed by annexin staining assay. CCs treated with Zn showed a significant decrease in the DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner. Comet assay analysed for TM (tail moment) was significantly higher in cells cultured without Zn (control, P<0.01) with respect to cells treated with Zn (control: 5.24±16.05; Zn1: 1.13±5.31; Zn2: 0.10±0.36; Zn3: 0.017±0.06). All treatments were statistically different from the control (P = 0.014 for Zn1; P<0.01 for Zn2 and Zn3). The frequency of apoptotic cells was higher in the control group (control: 0.142±0.07; Zn1: 0.109±0.0328; Zn2:0.102±0.013; Zn3: 0.0577±0.019). Statistical differences were found between control and Zn1 (P = 0.0308), control and Zn2 (P = 0.0077), control and Zn3 (P<0.0001), Zn1 and Zn3 (P<0.001) and Zn2 and Zn3 (P = 0.0004). No differences were found between Zn1 and Zn2. In conclusion, low Zn concentrations increase DNA damage and apoptosis in CCs cultured in vitro. However, adequate Zn concentrations 'protect' the integrity of DNA molecule and diminish the percentage of apoptotic CC.
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