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Xia Y, Zhao J, Saeed M, Hussain N, Chen X, Guo Z, Yong Y, Chen H. Molecular Modification Strategies of Nitrilase for Its Potential Application in Agriculture. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15106-15121. [PMID: 38949086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Some feed source plants will produce secondary metabolites such as cyanogenic glycosides during metabolism, which will produce some poisonous nitrile compounds after hydrolysis and remain in plant tissues. The consumption of feed-source plants without proper treatment affect the health of the animals' bodies. Nitrilases can convert nitriles and have been used in industry as green biocatalysts. However, due to their bottleneck problems, their application in agriculture is still facing challenges. Acid-resistant nitrilase preparations, high-temperature resistance, antiprotease activity, strong activity, and strict reaction specificity urgently need to be developed. In this paper, the application potential of nitrilase in agriculture, especially in feed processing industry was explored, the source properties and catalytic mechanism of nitrilase were reviewed, and modification strategies for nitrilase application in agriculture were proposed to provide references for future research and application of nitrilase in agricultural and especially in the biological feed scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Xia
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Nazar Hussain
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Xihua Chen
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Zhongjian Guo
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Yangchun Yong
- Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Huayou Chen
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
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Alhotan RA. Commercial poultry feed formulation: current status, challenges, and future expectations. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1891400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Alhotan
- Department of Animal Production, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Angelovičová M, Angelovič M, Tkáč Z, Jablonický J, Angelovič M. Industrially processed oilseed rape in the production of table eggs. POTRAVINARSTVO 2016. [DOI: 10.5219/629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of feed mixtures with varying proportions of rape cakes to the weight of table eggs, its components, thickness and strength of egg shell. The eggs were from the final laying hybrid ISA Brown reared in the enriched cage system under experimental conditions. An age of laying hens was from 48 to 54 weeks. Egg weight and its components were measured on scales type KERN 440-35N, with an accuracy of 0.01 g and a maximum weight of 400 g. Egg white weight was calculated. The thickness and strength of the egg shell were measured from the dried samples at 55 °C. From each egg shell were cut 3 pcs of samples in the equatorial plane, one sample from the blunt end and one sample from the sharp end. Egg shell thickness was measured by test instrument SOME, type 60/0.01mm with a range of 0 - 10 mm. Egg shell strength was measured according to test instrument Instron with the small body, having a diameter 4.48 mm to exert pressure on the egg shell. The obtained data were assessed in the program system SAS, version 8.2. Based on the results observed in egg weight of our experiment we can conclude that in the group with share 5% of rape cakes was non-statistically significant (p >0.05) decreased egg weight compared to the control group. Egg weight was reduced in the group with share 10% of rape cakes, which confirmed a statistically significant difference compared to egg weight of control group (p Ë‚0.05). The differences among experimental groups with share 5% and 10% of rape cakes in feed mixture and as well as to control group were not statistically significant (p >0.05) in weight of egg yolk, egg white, egg shell and egg shell strength. Egg shell thickness was no statistically significant (p >0.05) increased in experimental group with share 5% of rape cakes and decreased in experimental group with share 10% of rape cakes versus control group. Increase of egg shell thickness in experimental group with share 5% of rape cakes versus decrease in experimental group with share 10% of rape cakes was statistically significant (p <0.05).
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Khajali F, Slominski BA. Factors that affect the nutritive value of canola meal for poultry. Poult Sci 2012; 91:2564-75. [PMID: 22991543 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the factors affecting the nutritive value of canola meal (CM), including glucosinolates, sinapine, phytic acid, tannins, dietary fiber, and electrolyte balance. It also addresses the means of improving the nutritive value of CM throughout seed dehulling, development of low-fiber canola, or application of feed enzymes. Over the years, the glucosinolate content of canola has been declining steadily and is now only about one-twelfth of that of the older high-glucosinolate rapeseed (that is, 10 vs. 120 μmol/g). Therefore, the rations for broilers or laying hens could now contain 20% of CM without producing any adverse effects. Tannins are of lesser importance due to their presence in the hull fraction and thus low water solubility. Sinapine has been implicated with the production of a "fishy" taint in brown-shelled eggs, which results from a genetic defect among the strain of Rhode Island Red laying hens. The White Leghorns have been reported not to be affected. Although lower in protein, CM compares favorably with soybean meal with regard to amino acid content. Because CM contains more methionine and cysteine but less lysine, both meals tend to complement each other when used together in poultry diets. Canola meal is low in arginine (Arg) which could be of importance when introducing CM to broiler diets at high inclusion rates. The Arg content of CM is approximately two-thirds of that of soybean meal. Chickens fail to synthesize Arg and are highly dependent on dietary sources for this amino acid. Supplementation of Arg to CM-based diets has been shown to partly restore the growth performance. Dietary cation-anion difference in CM is also less than optimal due to the high sulfur and low potassium contents. Seed dehulling has not been very successful due to excessive fineness and thus difficulties with percolation of the miscella through the cake. Development of low-fiber, yellow-seeded canola and the use of enzymes have proven to increase the energy utilization and the nutritive value of CM for poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Khajali
- Department of Animal Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Campbell LD, Smith TK. Responses of growing chickens to high dietary contents of rapeseed meal. Br Poult Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00071667908416573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kloss P, Jeffery E, Tumbleson M, Zhang Y, Parsons C, Wallig M. Studies on the toxic effects of crambe meal and two of its constituents, 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene (CHB) and epi-progoitrin, in broiler chick diets. Br Poult Sci 1996; 37:971-86. [PMID: 9034587 DOI: 10.1080/00071669608417928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
1. Studies were undertaken to determine a safe inclusion rate for crambe (Crambe abyssinica) meal in broiler chick diets, and to determine the mechanism for adverse effects by investigating its constituents; 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene (CHB) and 3-butenyl glucosinolate (epi-progoitrin, E-PG). 2. Crambe meals were prepared to differ in E-PG (19, 36 and 40 g/kg) and CHB contents (0.1, 0.7 and 1.9 g/kg), and with either active or inactive thioglucosidase. 3. Meals were fed to 7-d-old broiler chicks at 50 or 100 g/kg of the diet for 12 or 13 d. In separate studies, isolated E-PG or CHB were mixed into the diet or administered by gavage to 7-d-old broiler chicks in amounts equivalent to 50 or 100 g/kg crambe meal diets for 10 and 12 d, respectively. 4. Weight gain decreased (P < 0.05) in chicks fed on the high glucosinolate crambe diets or isolated E-PG. Food consumption decreased (P < 0.05) in chicks fed on the diet containing the high E-PG meal with active enzyme. 5. Mild liver lesions and increased serum aspartate aminotransferase were found in chicks fed on the diet containing the high glucosinolate meal with active enzyme. Other organs, including thyroids, were normal. 6. Commercially-processed crambe meal appeared safe at an inclusion rate of 50 or 100 g/kg diet, but could not be recommended at this point for long term feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kloss
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
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Experimental systems which modify and simulate rapeseed-induced liver haemorrhages in in-lay hens. Res Vet Sci 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(18)30806-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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WIGHT P, SCOUGALL R, SHANNON D, WELLS J, MAWSON R. Role of glucosinolates in the causation of liver haemorrhages in laying hens fed water-extracted or heat-treated rapeseed cakes. Res Vet Sci 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(18)30800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
The biliary excretion of linamarin (2[beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]isobutyronitrile) was studied in male albino Wistar rats injected i.p. with single doses of 300 mg linamarin/kg following cannulation of the bile duct in vivo; 24 hr faeces of uncannulated rats, similarly dosed, was examined for excretory products. Enzymatic and spectrophotometric analyses of the bile exudate showed that glucosidic cyanide (linamarin, and non-glucosidic cyanide were excreted; the elimination of both cyanide forms exhibits biphasic kinetics. Thiocyanate ion was undetectable. T.l.c. of the test bile followed by enzymatic and chemical investigation of the chromatogram confirmed the presence of unchanged linamarin, and four different u.v. fluorescent non-glucosidic cyanide metabolites. Neither linamarin nor cyanide ion was detectable in faeces of the uncannulated rats.
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Bromidge E, Wells J, Wight P. Elevated bile acids in the plasma of laying hens fed rapeseed meal. Res Vet Sci 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(18)31729-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Martland M, Butler E, Fenwick G. Rapeseed induced liver haemorrhage, reticulolysis and biochemical changes in laying hens: the effects of feeding high and low glucosinolate meals. Res Vet Sci 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(18)31950-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Fenwick GR, Heaney RK, Mullin WJ. Glucosinolates and their breakdown products in food and food plants. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1983; 18:123-201. [PMID: 6337782 DOI: 10.1080/10408398209527361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 954] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Pearson A, Fenwick G, Greenwood N, Butler E. The effect of goitrogens on the oxidation of trimethylamine in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9629(80)80015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Smith WK, MacLeod MG, Tullett SG, Klandorf H. The effect of rapeseed meal on the energy metabolism of laying hens. Br Poult Sci 1979; 20:453-62. [PMID: 533608 DOI: 10.1080/00071667908416607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
1. The effect of 100 g rapeseed meal (RSM)/kg diet on the energy metabolism of hybrid laying hens was examined by indirect calorimetry. Thyroid hormone concentrations, thyroid weight, liver weight and body weight, egg production and food intake were also measured. 2. Fasting heat production was significantly lower in hens receiving RSM than in controls, but this difference disappeared when the birds were fed. 3. Thyroid hormone concentrations decreased, while thyroid and liver weights increased slightly; none of these effects was significant. Body weight, egg production and food intake were unaffected and no liver haemorrhages were noted. 4. The maintenance metabolisable energy (ME) requirement of control and treated birds, estimated from short-term energy balance measurements, was 474 kJ/kg0.75 d; net availability of ME in both treatments was 0.85.
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Campbell LD. Incidence of liver haemorrhage among white leghorn strains fed on diets containing different types of rapeseed meals. Br Poult Sci 1979; 20:239-46. [PMID: 497868 DOI: 10.1080/00071667908416574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
1. There was a marked strain difference in the incidence of hepatic haemorrhage in White Leghorn hens receiving dietary rapeseed meal (RSM). 2. Tolerance to high dietary contents of RSM also varied between individual birds within a strain. 3. Glucosinolates were implicated in the development of hepatic haemorrhage among hens receiving dietary RMS but the exact relationship was not clear.
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Pearson A, Butler E, Curtis R, Fenwick G, Hobson-Frohock A, Land D, Hall S. Effects of rapeseed meal on laying hens (Gallus domesticus) in relation to fatty liver-haemorrhagic syndrome and egg taint. Res Vet Sci 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(18)32945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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