1
|
New Evidences about the Carcinogenic Effects of Ochratoxin A and Possible Prevention by Target Feed Additives. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14060380. [PMID: 35737041 PMCID: PMC9230445 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14060380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of the carcinogenic effects of ochratoxin A (OTA) on various tissues and internal organs in laboratory and farm animals is made. Suggestions are made regarding how to recognize and differentiate the common spontaneous neoplastic changes characteristic for advanced age and the characteristic neoplasia in different tissues and organs in laboratory animals/poultry exposed to OTA. The synergistic effects of OTA together with its natural combination of penicillic acid are also investigated regarding possible carcinogenic effects. The malignancy and the target location of OTA-induced neoplasia is studied. The sex-differences of such neoplasia are investigated in the available literature. The time of appearance of the first neoplasia is investigated in long-term carcinogenic studies with OTA-treated animals. The possibility of target feed additives or herbs to counteract the toxic and carcinogenic effects of OTA is studied in the available literature. Some effective manners of prophylaxis and/or prevention against OTA contamination of feedstuffs/foods or animal production are suggested. The suitability of various laboratory animals to serve as experimental model for humans with regard to OTA-induced tumorigenesis is investigated.
Collapse
|
2
|
Talpur MZ, Peng W, Zeng Y, Xie P, Li J, Zhang H, Shu G, Jiang Q. Effects of phenylpyruvate on the growth performance and intestinal microbiota in broiler chicken. Br Poult Sci 2022; 63:670-679. [PMID: 35382668 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2061330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
1. The purpose of this study was to see how dietary supplementation with phenylpyruvate affected broiler growth, slaughter performance, gut health microbiota and immunity. This information can be used to develop alternative approaches to antibiotic replacement in modern poultry production and health.2. A total of 288, one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to one of four groups (six replicates each replicate has 12 chickens). A control basal diet (NC), basal diet plus antibiotic virginiamycin 15ppm (PC), basal diet plus phenylpyruvate 1 kg/t or 2 kg/t, respectively (LCP and HCP).3. Results showed that the birds in the PC group had higher ADFI during the first 21 d, and better FCR than the NC group. Feeding LCP and HCP improved broilers' FCR by 0.001 and 0.037% compared to the NC group respectively. The HCP-fed group has a higher all-eviscerated ratio than the NC group and less abdominal fat than the birds fed LCP. The birds fed HCP has increased villus length and crypt depth in the ileum compared to the NC group.4. The bursa index was lower in the HCP group whereas the thymus index was lower in LCP and PC groups. In contrast, birds fed HCP has lower pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1, as well as lower TLR4. Phenylpyruvate improved number in the Selenomonadaceae, genus Megamonas bacteroides spp., which are known for their beneficial effects on the maintenance of the cell surface structure, regulating aromatic amino acids and Clostridia jejuni-suppressive treatment respectively.5. It was concluded that phenylpyruvate can be utilised in feed to improve growth performance and positively modulate gut microbiota. However, this was less efficient than antibiotics in improving growth performance, although more efficient in improving productive performance and gut morphology. Moreover, a high dose of phenylpyruvate is more effective than a low dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mir Zulqarnain Talpur
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Wentong Peng
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Yuxian Zeng
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Peipei Xie
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Jincheng Li
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stoev SD. Studies on teratogenic effect of ochratoxin A given via mouldy diet in mice in various sensitive periods of the pregnancy and the putative protection of phenylalanine. Toxicon 2022; 210:32-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
4
|
Kidd MT, Maynard CW, Mullenix GJ. Progress of amino acid nutrition for diet protein reduction in poultry. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:45. [PMID: 33814010 PMCID: PMC8020538 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00568-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest among nutritionists in feeding reduced protein diets to broiler chickens. Although nearly a century of research has been conducted providing biochemical insights on the impact of reduced protein diets for broilers, practical limitation still exists. The present review was written to provide insights on further reducing dietary protein in broilers. To construct this review, eighty-nine peer reviewed manuscripts in the area of amino acid nutrition in poultry were critiqued. Hence, nutritional research areas of low protein diets, threonine, glycine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, histidine, and glutamine have been assessed and combined in this text, thus providing concepts into reduced protein diets for broilers. In addition, linkages between the cited work and least cost formation ingredient and nutrient matrix considerations are provided. In conclusion, practical applications in feeding reduced protein diets to broilers are advancing, but more work is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M T Kidd
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| | - C W Maynard
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - G J Mullenix
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Follow up long term preliminary studies on carcinogenic and toxic effects of ochratoxin A in rats and the putative protection of phenylalanine. Toxicon 2020; 190:41-49. [PMID: 33316297 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carcinogenic effects of ochratoxin A (OTA) on liver, kidneys, intestine, lung and eyes of Wistar rats exposed to 10 ppm or 5 ppm OTA in the diet and additionally supplemented or not with phenylalanine (PHE) were examined during 24-months experimental period. OTA was seen to provoke strong degenerative changes and slight pericapillary oedema in most internal organs, e.g. kidneys, liver, intestine, spleen and brain. Six of total nine neoplasms were identified as malignant and three as benign. Five of total six malignant neoplasms and two of total three benign neoplasms were seen in male rats. The pathological finding in rats after two weeks feeding with OTA-contaminated feed was dominated by degenerative changes in various internal organs, which were weaker in the group additionally supplemented with PHE. The protective effect of PHE was evident with respect to OTA-induced decrease of serum glucose and serum protein, but this protection was not singnificant with respect to serum enzymes activity. The number of neoplasms in PHE-supplemented group exposed to 10 ppm OTA was similar to that in the group exposed to twice lower feed levels of OTA alone, suggesting about a possible protective effect of PHE. The rats would not be able to serve as experimental model for humans with regard to OTA-induced tumorigenesis, because the target organ of OTA-toxicity in humans and pigs is mainly the kidney as opposed to the significant damages and carcinogenic effects seen in various organs in rats exposed to OTA.
Collapse
|
6
|
Maynard CW, Liu SY, Lee JT, Caldas J, Diehl EJJ, Rochell SJ, Kidd MT. Determining the 4th limiting amino acid in low crude protein diets for male and female Cobb MV × 500 broilers. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:695-702. [PMID: 32551967 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1782348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
1. Four experiments were conducted to determine the 4th limiting amino acid (AA) in maize-soybean meal-based diets. 2. Deletion assay methodology was used to quantify performance and carcase trait responses to potential deficiencies in essential and conditionally essential AA caused by reductions in dietary crude protein of maize-soybean meal-based diets from 202.9 to 186.5 g/kg. 3. The deletion of Val, Phe and Gly + Pro resulted in negative effects on live performance and carcase traits for male broilers, whereas AA deletion only affected wing weights for females with no response on live performance. 4. Further experimentation could not duplicate a response to Phe or Pro in male broilers. 5. Valine was identified as the potential 4th limiting AA in maize-soybean meal-based diets and was not found to be co-limiting with Ile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C W Maynard
- Centre of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - S Y Liu
- Poultry Research Foundation, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney , Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - J T Lee
- CJ America - Bio, Downers Grove , IL, USA
| | - J Caldas
- Cobb-Vantress , Siloam Springs, AR, USA
| | | | - S J Rochell
- Centre of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - M T Kidd
- Centre of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, AR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kan C. Factors affecting absorption of harmful substances from the digestive tract of poultry and their level in poultry products. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps19940004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.A. Kan
- DLO-Spelderholt Centre for Poultry Research, Spelderholt 9, 7361 DA Beekbergen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bhatti SA, Khan MZ, Saleemi MK, Saqib M, Khan A, ul-Hassan Z. Protective role of bentonite against aflatoxin B1- and ochratoxin A-induced immunotoxicity in broilers. J Immunotoxicol 2017; 14:66-76. [DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2016.1264503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sheraz Ahmed Bhatti
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zargham Khan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Saleemi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahrar Khan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahoor ul-Hassan
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bui‐Klimke T, Wu F. Evaluating weight of evidence in the mystery of Balkan endemic nephropathy. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2014; 34:1688-1705. [PMID: 24954501 PMCID: PMC4199864 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) is a chronic, progressive wasting disease of the kidneys, endemic in certain rural regions of the Balkan nations Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Romania. It is irreversible and ultimately fatal. Though this disease was first described in the 1950s, its causes have been a mystery and a source of much academic and clinical contention. Possible etiologic agents that have been explored include exposure to metals and metalloids, viruses and bacteria, and the dietary toxins aristolochic acid (AA) and ochratoxin A (OTA). AA is a toxin produced by weeds of the genus Aristolochia, common in Balkan wheat fields. Aristolochia seeds may intermingle with harvested grains and thus inadvertently enter human diets. OTA is a mycotoxin (fungal toxin) common in many foods, including cereal grains. In this study, we analyzed the weight of evidence for each of the suspected causes of BEN using the Bradford Hill criteria (BHC): nine conditions that determine weight of evidence for a causal relationship between an agent and a disease. Each agent postulated to cause BEN was evaluated using the nine criteria, and for each criterion was given a rating based on the strength of the association between exposure to the substance and BEN. From the overall available scientific evidence for each of these suspected risk factors, AA is the agent with the greatest weight of evidence in causing BEN. We describe other methods for testing causality from epidemiological studies, which support this conclusion of AA causing BEN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis Bui‐Klimke
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health100 Technology Dr.PittsburghPA15219USA
| | - Felicia Wu
- Department of Food Science and Human NutritionMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stoev SD. Studies on carcinogenic and toxic effects of ochratoxin A in chicks. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:649-64. [PMID: 22069604 PMCID: PMC3153202 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2040649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenic/toxic effects of ochratoxin A (OTA) in various internal organs of Plymouth Rock chicks were determined. The number of OTA-induced neoplasms was similar in chicks given 25 ppm L-β-phenylalanine (PHE) in addition to 5 ppm OTA compared to chicks given only 5 ppm OTA, which showed that PHE cannot be used as a real protector against the carcinogenic or toxic effects of OTA in chicks. OTA was found to provoke strong degenerative changes in liver and kidneys, degenerative changes and depletion of cells in lymphoid organs, oedematous and degenerative changes in the brain, muscular haemorrhages and fatty changes in the bone marrow. The target organs for carcinogenic effect of OTA in chicks were found to be kidneys and liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stoycho D Stoev
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Students campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mézes M, Balogh K, Tóth K. Preventive and therapeutic methods against the toxic effects of mycotoxins - a review. Acta Vet Hung 2010; 58:1-17. [PMID: 20159734 DOI: 10.1556/avet.58.2010.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ingredients used in animal feeds and their contamination with undesirable substances, such as mycotoxins, are fundamentally important both in terms of the quality of animal products and the potential human health impacts associated with the animal-based food production chain. Feed ingredients contaminated with mycotoxins may have a wide range of toxicological effects on animals. Therefore, mycotoxin contamination of feed ingredients constituting complete feed products represents an important potential hazard in farm animal production. This review summarises the potential effects of some preventive methods used during the storage of cereal grains as well as of nutritive (e.g. antioxidants, amino acids, fats) or non-nutritive compounds (e.g. pharmacological substances, carbon- or silica-based polymers) and detoxifying enzymes recommended for use against the toxic effects of different mycotoxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Mézes
- 1 Szent István University Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences H-2103 Gödöllő Hungary
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stoev SD. Studies on some feed additives and materials giving partial protection against the suppressive effect of ochratoxin A on egg production of laying hens. Res Vet Sci 2010; 88:486-91. [PMID: 20070993 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The protective effects of various feed supplements against the harmful effect of ochratoxin A on egg production and sexual maturation of two-weeks old Plymouth Rock female chicks designed for laying hens were studied. A significant protective effect of the feed additives or materials: water extract of artichoke (WEA), sesame seed (SS), Roxazyme-G (RG) and l-beta phenylalanine (PHE) against the suppressive effect of ochratoxin A (OTA) on egg production of laying hens was found. A similar protection was also seen on the toxic effect of OTA on various internal organs of the same hens. A significant protection was found against the decrease of the weight or the quantity of eggs as well as against the delay of the beginning of the laying period of chicks, both of which were provoked by ochratoxin A. These protective effects were strongest in chicks treated with SS or WEA, but were slightest in chicks treated with l-beta PHE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stoycho D Stoev
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Students Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sawale G, Gosh R, Ravikanth K, Maini S, Rekhe D. Experimental Mycotoxicosis in Layer Induced by Ochratoxin A and its Amelioration with Herbomineral Toxin Binder ‘Toxiroak’. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2009.798.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
14
|
Hanif N, Muhammad G, Siddique M, Khanum A, Ahmed T, Gadahai J, Kaukab G. Clinico-pathomorphological, serum biochemical and histological studies in broilers fed ochratoxin A and a toxin deactivator (Mycofix® Plus). Br Poult Sci 2008; 49:632-42. [DOI: 10.1080/00071660802295183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
15
|
Stoev SD. Complex etiology, prophylaxis and hygiene control in mycotoxic nephropathies in farm animals and humans. Int J Mol Sci 2008; 9:578-605. [PMID: 19325772 PMCID: PMC2635690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms9040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various etiological factors contributing to the development of mycotoxic nephropathy in farm animals and humans are reviewed. The possible synergistic effect between ochratoxin A (OTA) and other mycotoxins, as penicillic acid (PA) and fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)), contributing to this nephropathy is also considered and discussed. The most convenient ways of prophylaxis and various preventive measures against OTA contamination of feeds or foods are reviewed. A reference is made concerning the most successful methods of veterinary hygiene control in the slaughterhouses in order to prevent the entering of OTA in commercial channels with a view to human health. The economic efficacy of these prophylactic procedures is also considered. An evaluation of human exposure to OTA is made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stoycho D Stoev
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Students Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, Manderville RA. Ochratoxin A: An overview on toxicity and carcinogenicity in animals and humans. Mol Nutr Food Res 2007; 51:61-99. [PMID: 17195275 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200600137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 687] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a ubiquitous mycotoxin produced by fungi of improperly stored food products. OTA is nephrotoxic and is suspected of being the main etiological agent responsible for human Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) and associated urinary tract tumours. Striking similarities between OTA-induced porcine nephropathy in pigs and BEN in humans are observed. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified OTA as a possible human carcinogen (group 2B). Currently, the mode of carcinogenic action by OTA is unknown. OTA is genotoxic following oxidative metabolism. This activity is thought to play a central role in OTA-mediated carcinogenesis and may be divided into direct (covalent DNA adduction) and indirect (oxidative DNA damage) mechanisms of action. Evidence for a direct mode of genotoxicity has been derived from the sensitive 32P-postlabelling assay. OTA facilitates guanine-specific DNA adducts in vitro and in rat and pig kidney orally dosed, one adduct comigrates with a synthetic carbon (C)-bonded C8-dG OTA adduct standard. In this paper, our current understanding of OTA toxicity and carcinogenicity are reviewed. The available evidence suggests that OTA is a genotoxic carcinogen by induction of oxidative DNA lesions coupled with direct DNA adducts via quinone formation. This mechanism of action should be used to establish acceptable intake levels of OTA from human food sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Pfohl-Leszkowicz
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, UMR CNRS/INPT/UPS 5503, INP/ENSA Toulouse, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to ochratoxin A (OTA) as undesirable substance in animal feed. EFSA J 2004. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2004.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
18
|
Stoev SD, Djuvinov D, Mirtcheva T, Pavlov D, Mantle P. Studies on some feed additives giving partial protection against ochratoxin A toxicity in chicks. Toxicol Lett 2002; 135:33-50. [PMID: 12243862 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Significant protective effects of the feed additives: water extract of artichoke, sesame seed, Roxazyme-G and L-beta phenylalanine against the growth inhibitory effect of ochratoxin A (OTA) and associated pathomorphological changes were seen. Similarly, there was less OTA-induced decrease in serum total protein and increase of serum creatinine and urea in the chicks. Whereas OTA induced strong degenerative changes and an increase in weight of kidneys and liver as well as a decrease of the weight of lymphoid organs the additives variously gave protection against these changes. The protection of Roxazyme-G and sesame seed was better expressed in kidneys and liver, whereas the phenylalanine better protected the weight changes in gizzard, heart and the changes in differential WBC count. Notably, sesame seed gave strong protection against 5 ppm OTA-induced suppression of humoral immune response, for which artichoke also had some beneficial effect, whereas phenylalanine had hardly any effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stoycho D Stoev
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Thracian University, Students Campus, 6000, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pfohl-Leszkowicz A, Petkova-Bocharova T, Chernozemsky IN, Castegnaro M. Balkan endemic nephropathy and associated urinary tract tumours: a review on aetiological causes and the potential role of mycotoxins. FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS 2002; 19:282-302. [PMID: 11834078 DOI: 10.1080/02652030110079815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of publications in the 1950s described a kidney disease in Bulgaria, the former Yugoslavia and Romania that became known as Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN). The disease was qualified by World Health Organisation (WHO) experts as 'progressive and very gradually developing renal failure with insidious onset.... The last stage shows marked fibrosis...'. BEN is characterized by tubular degeneration, interstitial fibrosis and hyalinization of glomeruli accompanied by enzymuria and impaired renal function without nephrotic syndrome. Later, an association between BEN and tumours of the kidney pelvis and ureter was recognized, so that the problem of BEN became not only nephrological, but also oncological. There may also be an association with increased urinary bladder cancer incidence, although many confounding factors may interfere in the analysis of data for this organ. In view of the very intimate association between BEN and the urinary tract tumours (UTT), the term 'endemic uropathy' has been proposed. Several hypothesis concerning the aetiology of these diseases has been investigated, which include: predisposing genes factors, environmental factors (heavy metals, minerals, bacteria, leptospira, viruses, fungal toxins and, most recently, pliocene lignites). This paper reviews the different hypotheses about the aetiology of endemic uropathy and pays particular attention to the role of fungal toxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Pfohl-Leszkowicz
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Toxicologie et Sécurité Alimentaire, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Santin E, Maiorka A, Krabbe E, Paulillo A, Alessi A. Effect of Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate on the Prevention of the Toxic Effects of Ochratoxin. J APPL POULTRY RES 2002. [DOI: 10.1093/japr/11.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
21
|
Santin E, Paulillo AC, Maiorka PC, Alessi AC, Krabbe EL, Maiorka A. The effects of ochratoxin/aluminosilicate interaction on the tissues and humoral immune response of broilers. Avian Pathol 2002; 31:73-9. [PMID: 12425794 DOI: 10.1080/03079450120106642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary ochratoxin, in the presence or absence of aluminosilicate, on the histology of the bursa of Fabricius, liver and kidneys, and on the humoral immune response of broilers vaccinated against Newcastle disease virus. The exposure of birds to 2 p.p.m. ochratoxin, in the presence or absence of aluminosilicate, reduced their humoral immune response and the number of mitotic cells in the bursa. The relative weight of the livers of the birds exposed to this toxin was increased and, microscopically, there was hepatocyte vacuolation and megalocytosis with accompanying hyperplasia of the biliary epithelium. The kidneys showed hypertrophy of the renal proximal tubular epithelium, with thickening of the glomerular basement membrane. Aluminosilicate did not ameliorate the deleterious effects of the ochratoxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Santin
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - Campus de Jaboticabal-Unesp, CEP, 14884-900 Jaboticabal SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Santin E, Maiorka A, Gama NMSQ, Dahlke F, Krabbe EL, Paulillo AC. Efeitos de Produto de Exclusão Competitiva na Prevenção dos Efeitos Tóxicos da Ocratoxina A em Frangos. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2001. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2001000200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Esse experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a ação de produto de exclusão competitiva (EC) sobre os efeitos da ocratoxina A (OA). As aves alimentadas com 2 ppm de OA na dieta reduziram significativamente o consumo de ração e ganho de peso, além de apresentarem pior conversão alimentar quando comparadas às aves não expostas à OA na dieta. O emprego da EC no primeiro dia de vida não minimizou esses efeitos, bem como não afetou os parâmetros zootécnicos estudados. Aves alimentadas com OA apresentaram diminuição nos títulos vacinais contra o vírus da doença de Newcastle, evidenciando-se assim a interferência dessa micotoxina na resposta imune humoral de frangos de corte. De outra forma, a EC não interferiu na resposta imune humoral de frangos de corte vacinados contra a doença de Newcastle. Tanto a AO como a EC não alteraram os dados de altura de vilo, profundidade de cripta e relação vilo:cripta nas aves aos sete dias de idade quando comparados àqueles do grupo controle na mesma idade
Collapse
|
23
|
Gentles A, Smith EE, Kubena LF, Duffus E, Johnson P, Thompson J, Harvey RB, Edrington TS. Toxicological evaluations of cyclopiazonic acid and ochratoxin A in broilers. Poult Sci 1999; 78:1380-4. [PMID: 10536785 DOI: 10.1093/ps/78.10.1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The individual and combined effects of ochratoxin A (OA) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) were evaluated in Petersen x Hubbard broiler chickens from 1 d to 3 wk of age. The experimental design was a 2 x 2 factorial with treatments of 0 and 2.5 mg OA/kg feed and 0 and 34 mg CPA/kg feed. Production performance, serum biochemistry, and gross pathological observations were evaluated. Body weight gain was reduced (P < 0.05) by OA, CPA, and OA-CPA in combination at the end of 3 wk. Ochratoxin A significantly increased the relative weight of the kidney and serum concentrations of uric acid and triglycerides and decreased total protein, albumin, and cholesterol. The toxicity of CPA was expressed primarily through increased relative weights of the proventriculus and increased activity of creatine kinase. Exposure to OA-CPA was characterized by increased relative weights of the liver, kidney, pancreas, and proventriculus; decreased concentrations of serum albumin, total protein, and cholesterol; increased activity of creatine kinase; and increased concentrations of triglycerides and uric acid. Postmortem examination revealed that the chickens fed CPA or OA-CPA had thickened mucosa and dilated proventricular lumen. Data from this study demonstrate that OA, CPA, and the OA-CPA combination can limit broiler performance and adversely affect broiler health. The interaction of the compounds was primarily additive or less than additive in the parameter in which the interaction occurred.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gentles
- Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79416, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tuekam TD, Miles RD, Butcher GD. Performance and Cell-Mediated and Humoral Immune Responses in Broilers Fed an Aflatoxin Supplemented Diet. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.1994.9706021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|