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Ren X, Xu C, Jiang Y, Teng D, Liu X, Wang J, Zhang W. Effect of structural support size and position on depressed tibial plateau fractures: A finite element analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29453. [PMID: 38628729 PMCID: PMC11019227 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Structural support for depressed tibial plateau fractures is receiving increasing attention. Currently, there has been little biomechanical evaluation of structural support. This work aimed to investigate the effect of structural support size and position on fracture fixation stability. Methods A split-depressed tibial plateau fracture model was created according to the fracture map. Cortical screws combined with structural filler were used for fracture fixation. The filler diameter was set to small, medium and large, and the filler position was set to the center and offset by 1, 2 and 3 mm to study the effect of position and size on stability. Results The maximum stress on the implant in all scenarios occurs at the lower contact surface between the anterior screw and the filler. Increased support size resulted in increased mean maximum screw stress, depressed fragment axial displacement and separated fragment transverse displacement (screw stress: 266.6 ± 37.7 MPa vs. 266.7 ± 51.0 MPa vs. 273.8 ± 41.5 MPa; depressed displacement: 0.123 ± 0.036 mm vs. 0.133 ± 0.049 mm vs. 0.158 ± 0.050 mm; separated displacement: 0.402 ± 0.031 mm VS 0.412 ± 0.047 mm VS 0.437 ± 0.049 mm). The larger the offset of the support position was, the larger the peak screw stress and the larger the reduction loss of depressed and separated fragment reduction, regardless of the support size. The medium support combined with the central position presented the minimum of peak stress and reduction loss. Cortical bone was below 2 % and trabecular strain was below 10 % for all scenarios. Conclusion Central placement of structural support provides superior stability for the treatment of depressed tibial plateau fractures compared to the eccentric placement. When a support is placed centrally, optimal stability is achieved when the diameter matches the diameter of the depressed region. Thus, the utilization of equal-diameter fillers to provide central support appears to be an ideal selection for depressed tibial plateau fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Ren
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Da Teng
- Senior Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Xinmo Liu
- Senior Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Junsong Wang
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100089, China
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Andreassen TE, Hume DR, Hamilton LD, Higinbotham SE, Shelburne KB. Automated 2D and 3D finite element overclosure adjustment and mesh morphing using generalized regression neural networks. Med Eng Phys 2024; 126:104136. [PMID: 38621835 PMCID: PMC11064159 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Computer representations of three-dimensional (3D) geometries are crucial for simulating systems and processes in engineering and science. In medicine, and more specifically, biomechanics and orthopaedics, obtaining and using 3D geometries is critical to many workflows. However, while many tools exist to obtain 3D geometries of organic structures, little has been done to make them usable for their intended medical purposes. Furthermore, many of the proposed tools are proprietary, limiting their use. This work introduces two novel algorithms based on Generalized Regression Neural Networks (GRNN) and 4 processes to perform mesh morphing and overclosure adjustment. These algorithms were implemented, and test cases were used to validate them against existing algorithms to demonstrate improved performance. The resulting algorithms demonstrate improvements to existing techniques based on Radial Basis Function (RBF) networks by converting to GRNN-based implementations. Implementations in MATLAB of these algorithms and the source code are publicly available at the following locations: https://github.com/thor-andreassen/femors; https://simtk.org/projects/femors-rbf; https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/120353-finite-element-morphing-overclosure-reduction-and-slicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor E Andreassen
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Donald R Hume
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Landon D Hamilton
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sean E Higinbotham
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Kevin B Shelburne
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
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Liu CD, Hu SJ, Chang SM, Du SC, Xiong WF, Chu YQ. Importance of the Posterior Plate in Three-Column Tibial Plateau Fractures: A Finite Element Analysis and Clinical Validation. Orthop Surg 2024; 16:930-942. [PMID: 38438157 PMCID: PMC10984809 DOI: 10.1111/os.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dual-plate fixation was thought to be the gold standard for treating complicated bicondylar tibial plateau fractures, yet it was found to be hard to accommodate the posterior column in three-column fractures. Currently, column-specific fixation is becoming more and more recognized, but no comprehensive investigation has been performed to back it up. Therefore, the objective of this study was to validate the importance of posterior column fixation in the three-column tibial fractures by a finite element (FE) analysis and clinical study. METHODS In FE analysis, three models were developed: the longitudinal triple-plate group (LTPG), the oblique triple-plate group (OTPG), and the dual-plate group (DPG). Three loading scenarios were simulated. The distribution of the displacement and the equivalent von Mises stress (VMS) in each structure was calculated. The comparative measurements including the maximum posterior column collapse (MPCC), the maximum total displacement of the model (MTD), the maximum VMS of cortical posterior column (MPC-VMS), and the maximum VMS located on each group of plates and screws (MPS-VMS). The clinical study evaluated the indicators between the groups with or without the posterior plate, including operation time, blood loss volume, full-weight bearing period, Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Scoring system (HSS), Rasmussen score, and common postoperative complications. RESULTS In the FE analysis, the MPCC, the MPC-VMS, and the MTD were detected in much lower amounts in LTPG and OTPG than in DPG. In comparison with DPG, the LTPG and OTPG had larger MPS-VMS. In the clinical study, 35 cases were included. In the triple-plate (14) and dual-plate (21) groups, the operation took 115.6 min and 100.5 min (p < 0.05), respectively. Blood loss in both groups was 287.0 mL and 206.6 mL (p < 0.05), and the full-weight bearing period was 14.5 weeks and 16.2 weeks (p < 0.05). At the final follow-up, the HSS score was 85.0 in the triple-plate group and 77.5 in the dual-plate (p < 0.05), the Rasmussen score was 24.1 and 21.6 (p < 0.05), there were two cases with reduction loss (9.5%) in the dual-plate group and one case of superficial incision infection found in the triple-plate group. CONCLUSION The posterior implant was beneficial in optimizing the biomechanical stability and functional outcomes in the three-column tibial plateau fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Dong Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun-Jun Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Min Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shou-Chao Du
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Feng Xiong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Qian Chu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Katsoulakis E, Wang Q, Wu H, Shahriyari L, Fletcher R, Liu J, Achenie L, Liu H, Jackson P, Xiao Y, Syeda-Mahmood T, Tuli R, Deng J. Digital twins for health: a scoping review. NPJ Digit Med 2024; 7:77. [PMID: 38519626 PMCID: PMC10960047 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-024-01073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of digital twins (DTs) has proliferated across various fields and industries, with a recent surge in the healthcare sector. The concept of digital twin for health (DT4H) holds great promise to revolutionize the entire healthcare system, including management and delivery, disease treatment and prevention, and health well-being maintenance, ultimately improving human life. The rapid growth of big data and continuous advancement in data science (DS) and artificial intelligence (AI) have the potential to significantly expedite DT research and development by providing scientific expertise, essential data, and robust cybertechnology infrastructure. Although various DT initiatives have been underway in the industry, government, and military, DT4H is still in its early stages. This paper presents an overview of the current applications of DTs in healthcare, examines consortium research centers and their limitations, and surveys the current landscape of emerging research and development opportunities in healthcare. We envision the emergence of a collaborative global effort among stakeholders to enhance healthcare and improve the quality of life for millions of individuals worldwide through pioneering research and development in the realm of DT technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Katsoulakis
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Mathematics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Huanmei Wu
- Department of Health Services Administration and Policy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Leili Shahriyari
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Richard Fletcher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jinwei Liu
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Luke Achenie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Hongfang Liu
- McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pamela Jackson
- Precision Neurotherapeutics Innovation Program & Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, 85003, USA
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Richard Tuli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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刘 家, 张 英, 郑 占. [Research progress on biomechanics for internal fixation in tibial plateau fracture]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2024; 38:113-118. [PMID: 38225850 PMCID: PMC10796227 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202309077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Objective To review the biomechanical research progress of internal fixation of tibial plateau fracture in recent years and provide a reference for the selection of internal fixation in clinic. Methods The literature related to the biomechanical research of internal fixation of tibial plateau fracture at home and abroad was extensively reviewed, and the biomechanical characteristics of the internal fixation mode and position as well as the biomechanical characteristics of different internal fixators, such as screws, plates, and intramedullary nails were summarized and analyzed. Results Tibial plateau fracture is one of the common types of knee fractures. The conventional surgical treatment for tibial plateau fracture is open or closed reduction and internal fixation, which requires anatomical reduction and strong fixation. Anatomical reduction can restore the normal shape of the knee joint; strong fixation provides good biomechanical stability, so that the patient can have early functional exercise, restore knee mobility as early as possible, and avoid knee stiffness. Different internal fixators have their own biomechanical strengths and characteristics. The screw fixation has the advantage of being minimally invasive, but the fixation strength is limited, and it is mostly applied to Schatzker typeⅠfracture. For Schatzker Ⅰ-Ⅳ fracture, unilateral plate fixation can be used; for Schatzker Ⅴand Ⅵ fracture, bilateral plates fixation can be used to provide stronger fixation strength and avoid the stress concentration. The intramedullary nails fixation has the advantages of less trauma and less influence on the blood flow of the fracture end, but the fixation strength of the medial and lateral plateau is limited; so it is more suitable for tibial plateau fracture that involves only the metaphysis. Choosing the most appropriate internal fixation according to the patient's condition is still a major difficulty in the surgical treatment of tibial plateau fractures. Conclusion Each internal fixator has good fixation effect on tibial plateau fracture within the applicable range, and it is an important research direction to improve and innovate the existing internal fixator from various aspects, such as manufacturing process, material, and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- 家伦 刘
- 河北医科大学第三医院创伤急救中心(石家庄 050051)Department of Trauma Emergency Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang Hebei, 050051, P. R. China
| | - 英泽 张
- 河北医科大学第三医院创伤急救中心(石家庄 050051)Department of Trauma Emergency Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang Hebei, 050051, P. R. China
| | - 占乐 郑
- 河北医科大学第三医院创伤急救中心(石家庄 050051)Department of Trauma Emergency Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang Hebei, 050051, P. R. China
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Carbonaro A, Marfoglia A, Nardini F, Mellone S. CONNECTED: leveraging digital twins and personal knowledge graphs in healthcare digitalization. Front Digit Health 2023; 5:1322428. [PMID: 38130576 PMCID: PMC10733505 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2023.1322428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare has always been a strategic domain in which innovative technologies can be applied to increase the effectiveness of services and patient care quality. Recent advancements have been made in the adoption of Digital Twins (DTs) and Personal Knowledge Graphs (PKGs) in this field. Despite this, their introduction has been hindered by the complex nature of the context itself which leads to many challenges both technical and organizational. In this article, we reviewed the literature about these technologies and their integrations, identifying the most critical requirements for clinical platforms. These latter have been used to design CONNECTED (COmpreheNsive and staNdardized hEalth-Care plaTforms to collEct and harmonize clinical Data), a conceptual framework aimed at defining guidelines to overcome the crucial issues related to the development of healthcare applications. It is structured in a multi-layer shape, in which heterogeneous data sources are first integrated, then standardized, and finally used to realize general-purpose DTs of patients backed by PKGs and accessible through dedicated APIs. These DTs will be the foundation on which smart applications can be built.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Carbonaro
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Alberto Marfoglia
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Filippo Nardini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabato Mellone
- Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”, Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
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Hong GS, Jang M, Kyung S, Cho K, Jeong J, Lee GY, Shin K, Kim KD, Ryu SM, Seo JB, Lee SM, Kim N. Overcoming the Challenges in the Development and Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: A Comprehensive Review of Solutions Beyond Supervised Learning. Korean J Radiol 2023; 24:1061-1080. [PMID: 37724586 PMCID: PMC10613849 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2023.0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology is a rapidly developing field with several prospective clinical studies demonstrating its benefits in clinical practice. In 2022, the Korean Society of Radiology held a forum to discuss the challenges and drawbacks in AI development and implementation. Various barriers hinder the successful application and widespread adoption of AI in radiology, such as limited annotated data, data privacy and security, data heterogeneity, imbalanced data, model interpretability, overfitting, and integration with clinical workflows. In this review, some of the various possible solutions to these challenges are presented and discussed; these include training with longitudinal and multimodal datasets, dense training with multitask learning and multimodal learning, self-supervised contrastive learning, various image modifications and syntheses using generative models, explainable AI, causal learning, federated learning with large data models, and digital twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil-Sun Hong
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Miso Jang
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggu Kyung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjin Cho
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiheon Jeong
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Grace Yoojin Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keewon Shin
- Laboratory for Biosignal Analysis and Perioperative Outcome Research, Biomedical Engineering Center, Asan Institute of Lifesciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Ryu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Beom Seo
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Namkug Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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De Benedictis A, Mazzocca N, Somma A, Strigaro C. Digital Twins in Healthcare: An Architectural Proposal and Its Application in a Social Distancing Case Study. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2023; 27:5143-5154. [PMID: 36083955 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2022.3205506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The digital transformation process fostered by the development of Industry 4.0 technologies has largely affected the health sector, increasing diagnostic capabilities and improving drug effectiveness and treatment delivery. The Digital Twin (DT) technology, based on the virtualization of physical assets/processes and on a bidirectional communication between the digital and physical space for data exchange, is considered a game changer in modern health systems. Digital Twin applications in healthcare are various, ranging from virtualization of hospitals' physical spaces/organizational processes to individuals' physiological/genetic/lifestyle characteristics replication, and include the modeling of public health-related processes for monitoring, optimization and planning purposes. In this paper, motivated by the current COVID-19 pandemic, we focus on the application of the Digital Twin technology for virus containment on the workplace through social distancing. The contribution of this paper is three-fold: i) we review the existing literature on the adoption of the Digital Twin technology in the healthcare domain, and propose a classification of DT applications into four categories; ii) we propose a generalized Digital Twin architecture that can be used as reference to identify the main functional components of a Digital Twin system; iii) we present CanTwin, a real-life industrial case study developed by Hitachi and representing the Digital Twin of a canteen service serving 1100 workers, set up for social distancing monitoring, queue inspection, people counting and tracking, table occupancy supervision.
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Sigawi T, Ilan Y. Using Constrained-Disorder Principle-Based Systems to Improve the Performance of Digital Twins in Biological Systems. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:359. [PMID: 37622964 PMCID: PMC10452845 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8040359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital twins are computer programs that use real-world data to create simulations that predict the performance of processes, products, and systems. Digital twins may integrate artificial intelligence to improve their outputs. Models for dealing with uncertainties and noise are used to improve the accuracy of digital twins. Most currently used systems aim to reduce noise to improve their outputs. Nevertheless, biological systems are characterized by inherent variability, which is necessary for their proper function. The constrained-disorder principle defines living systems as having a disorder as part of their existence and proper operation while kept within dynamic boundaries. In the present paper, we review the role of noise in complex systems and its use in bioengineering. We describe the use of digital twins for medical applications and current methods for dealing with noise and uncertainties in modeling. The paper presents methods to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of digital twin systems by continuously implementing variability signatures while simultaneously reducing unwanted noise in their inputs and outputs. Accounting for the noisy internal and external environments of complex biological systems is necessary for the future design of improved, more accurate digital twins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaron Ilan
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem P.O. Box 12000, Israel;
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Sun T, Wang J, Suo M, Liu X, Huang H, Zhang J, Zhang W, Li Z. The Digital Twin: A Potential Solution for the Personalized Diagnosis and Treatment of Musculoskeletal System Diseases. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:627. [PMID: 37370558 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the high prevalence and rates of disability associated with musculoskeletal system diseases, more thorough research into diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatments is required. One of the key contributors to the emergence of diseases of the musculoskeletal system is thought to be changes in the biomechanics of the human musculoskeletal system. However, there are some defects concerning personal analysis or dynamic responses in current biomechanical research methodologies. Digital twin (DT) was initially an engineering concept that reflected the mirror image of a physical entity. With the application of medical image analysis and artificial intelligence (AI), it entered our lives and showed its potential to be further applied in the medical field. Consequently, we believe that DT can take a step towards personalized healthcare by guiding the design of industrial personalized healthcare systems. In this perspective article, we discuss the limitations of traditional biomechanical methods and the initial exploration of DT in musculoskeletal system diseases. We provide a new opinion that DT could be an effective solution for musculoskeletal system diseases in the future, which will help us analyze the real-time biomechanical properties of the musculoskeletal system and achieve personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116600, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jinzuo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116600, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Moran Suo
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116600, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116600, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Huagui Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116600, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116600, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116600, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116600, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Dalian 116000, China
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Asad U, Khan M, Khalid A, Lughmani WA. Human-Centric Digital Twins in Industry: A Comprehensive Review of Enabling Technologies and Implementation Strategies. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3938. [PMID: 37112279 PMCID: PMC10146632 DOI: 10.3390/s23083938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The last decade saw the emergence of highly autonomous, flexible, re-configurable Cyber-Physical Systems. Research in this domain has been enhanced by the use of high-fidelity simulations, including Digital Twins, which are virtual representations connected to real assets. Digital Twins have been used for process supervision, prediction, or interaction with physical assets. Interaction with Digital Twins is enhanced by Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality, and Industry 5.0-focused research is evolving with the involvement of the human aspect in Digital Twins. This paper aims to review recent research on Human-Centric Digital Twins (HCDTs) and their enabling technologies. A systematic literature review is performed using the VOSviewer keyword mapping technique. Current technologies such as motion sensors, biological sensors, computational intelligence, simulation, and visualization tools are studied for the development of HCDTs in promising application areas. Domain-specific frameworks and guidelines are formed for different HCDT applications that highlight the workflow and desired outcomes, such as the training of AI models, the optimization of ergonomics, the security policy, task allocation, etc. A guideline and comparative analysis for the effective development of HCDTs are created based on the criteria of Machine Learning requirements, sensors, interfaces, and Human Digital Twin inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Asad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 45750, Pakistan
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Madeeha Khan
- Digital Innovation Research Group, Department of Engineering, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Azfar Khalid
- Digital Innovation Research Group, Department of Engineering, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Waqas Akbar Lughmani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 45750, Pakistan
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Delmon R, Vendeuvre T, Pries P, Aubert K, Germaneau A, Severyns M. Percutaneous balloon calcaneoplasty versus open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for intraarticular SANDERS 2B calcaneal fracture: Comparison of primary stability using a finite element method. Injury 2023:S0020-1383(23)00272-3. [PMID: 36997362 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fractures of the calcaneus are common, with 65% being intra-articular, which can lead to a major impairment of the patient's quality of life. Open reduction and internal fixation with locking plates can be considered as gold-standard technique but has a high rate of post-operative complications. Minimally invasive calcaneoplasty combined with minimally invasive screw osteosynthesis is largely drawn from the management of depressed lumbar or tibial plateau fractures. The hypothesis of this study is that calcaneoplasty associated with minimally invasive percutaneous screw osteosynthesis presents biomechanical characteristics comparable with conventional osteosynthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight hind feet were collected. A SANDERS 2B fracture was reproduced on each specimen, while four calcanei were reduced by a balloon calcaneoplasty method and fixed with a lateral screw, four others were manually reduced and fixed with conventional osteosynthesis. Each calcaneus was then segmented for 3D finite element modeling. A vertical load was applied to the joint surface in order to measure the displacement fields and the stress distribution according to the type of osteosynthesis. RESULTS Analyses of the intra-articular displacement fields showed lower overall displacements in calcaneal joints treated with calcaneoplasty and lateral screw fixation. Better stress distribution was found in the calcaneoplasty group with lower equivalent joint stresses. These results could be explained by the role of the PMMA cement as a strut, enabling better load transfer. CONCLUSION Balloon Calcaneoplasty combined with lateral screw osteosynthesis has biomechanical characteristics at least comparable to locking plate fixation in the treatment of SANDERS 2B calcaneal joint fractures in terms of displacement fields and stress distribution under the premise of anatomical reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Delmon
- Orthopedic and Traumatology department, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Tanguy Vendeuvre
- Orthopedic and Traumatology department, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Pprime Institut UPR 3346, CNRS - University of Poitiers - ENSMA, Poitiers, France
| | - Pierre Pries
- Orthopedic and Traumatology department, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Kevin Aubert
- Pprime Institut UPR 3346, CNRS - University of Poitiers - ENSMA, Poitiers, France
| | - Arnaud Germaneau
- Pprime Institut UPR 3346, CNRS - University of Poitiers - ENSMA, Poitiers, France
| | - Mathieu Severyns
- Orthopedic and traumatology department, Clinique Porte Océane, Les Sables d'Olonne, France.
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Sun T, He X, Li Z. Digital twin in healthcare: Recent updates and challenges. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076221149651. [PMID: 36636729 PMCID: PMC9830576 DOI: 10.1177/20552076221149651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As simulation is playing an increasingly important role in medicine, providing the individual patient with a customised diagnosis and treatment is envisaged as part of future precision medicine. Such customisation will become possible through the emergence of digital twin (DT) technology. The objective of this article is to review the progress of prominent research on DT technology in medicine and discuss the potential applications and future opportunities as well as several challenges remaining in digital healthcare. A review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus and related bibliographic resources, in which the following terms and their derivatives were considered during the search: DT, medicine and digital health virtual healthcare. Finally, analyses of the literature yielded 465 pertinent articles, of which we selected 22 for detailed review. We summarised the application examples of DT in medicine and analysed the applications in many fields of medicine. It revealed encouraging results that DT is being increasing applied in medicine. Results from this literature review indicated that DT healthcare, as a key fusion approach of future medicine, will bring the advantages of precision diagnose and personalised treatment into reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiwang He
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China,Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Dalian, People's Republic of China,Zhonghai Li, Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, People's Republic of China.
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Moolenaar JZ, Tümer N, Checa S. Computer-assisted preoperative planning of bone fracture fixation surgery: A state-of-the-art review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1037048. [PMID: 36312550 PMCID: PMC9613932 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1037048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bone fracture fixation surgery is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in the orthopedic field. However, fracture healing complications occur frequently, and the choice of the most optimal surgical approach often remains challenging. In the last years, computational tools have been developed with the aim to assist preoperative planning procedures of bone fracture fixation surgery. Objectives: The aims of this review are 1) to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in computer-assisted preoperative planning of bone fracture fixation surgery, 2) to assess the clinical feasibility of the existing virtual planning approaches, and 3) to assess their clinical efficacy in terms of clinical outcomes as compared to conventional planning methods. Methods: A literature search was performed in the MEDLINE-PubMed, Ovid-EMBASE, Ovid-EMCARE, Web of Science, and Cochrane libraries to identify articles reporting on the clinical use of computer-assisted preoperative planning of bone fracture fixation. Results: 79 articles were included to provide an overview of the state-of-the art in virtual planning. While patient-specific geometrical model construction, virtual bone fracture reduction, and virtual fixation planning are routinely applied in virtual planning, biomechanical analysis is rarely included in the planning framework. 21 of the included studies were used to assess the feasibility and efficacy of computer-assisted planning methods. The reported total mean planning duration ranged from 22 to 258 min in different studies. Computer-assisted planning resulted in reduced operation time (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD): -2.19; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -2.87, -1.50), less blood loss (SMD: -1.99; 95% CI: -2.75, -1.24), decreased frequency of fluoroscopy (SMD: -2.18; 95% CI: -2.74, -1.61), shortened fracture healing times (SMD: -0.51; 95% CI: -0.97, -0.05) and less postoperative complications (Risk Ratio (RR): 0.64, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.90). No significant differences were found in hospitalization duration. Some studies reported improvements in reduction quality and functional outcomes but these results were not pooled for meta-analysis, since the reported outcome measures were too heterogeneous. Conclusion: Current computer-assisted planning approaches are feasible to be used in clinical practice and have been shown to improve clinical outcomes. Including biomechanical analysis into the framework has the potential to further improve clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jet Zoë Moolenaar
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Delft, Netherlands
| | - Nazli Tümer
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Delft, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Nazli Tümer, ; Sara Checa,
| | - Sara Checa
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Nazli Tümer, ; Sara Checa,
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Zeng C, Ren X, Xu C, Hu M, Li J, Zhang W. Stability of internal fixation systems based on different subtypes of Schatzker II fracture of the tibial plateau: A finite element analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:973389. [PMID: 36159683 PMCID: PMC9490054 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.973389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Schaztker II fracture is the most common type of the tibial plateau fractures (TPF). There has been a large number of cadaveric biomechanical studies and finite element simulation studies to explore the most stable fixation methods for this type of fracture, which were based on a single fracture morphology. But differences among fracture morphologies could directly affect the stability of internal fixation systems. In this sense, we verified the stability of existing internal fixation modalities by simulating Schatzker II fractures with different fracture morphologies. Objectives: To compare the stability of different filler types combined with locked compression plate/screw in different subtypes of Schatzker II TPF. Methods: Four subtypes of Schatzker II were created based on 3D map of TPF. Each of the subtypes was fixed with LCP/screw or LCP/screw combined with different fill types. Stress distribution, displacement distribution, and the load sharing capacity of the filler were assessed by applying the maximum load during gait. In addition, repeated fracture risks of depressed fragment were evaluated regarding to the ultimate strain of bone. Results: The stress concentration of the implant in each scenario was located on the screw at the contact site between the plate and the screw, and the filler of the defect site significantly reduced the stress concentration of the implant (Subtype A: Blank group 402.0 MPa vs. Experimental group 315.2 ± 5.5 MPa; Subtype C: Blank group 385.0 MPa vs. Experimental group 322.7 ± 12.1 MPa). Displacement field analysis showed that filler significantly reduced the reduction loss of the depressed fragment (Subtype A: Blank group 0.1949 mm vs. Experimental group 0.174 ± 0.001 mm; Subtype C: 0.264 mm vs. 0.253 ± 0.002 mm). Maximum strain was in subtype C with the value of 2.3% ± 0.1% indicating the greatest possibility of failure risk. And with the increase of its modulus, the bearing capacity of filler increased. Conclusion: The existence of filler at the defect site can effectively reduce the stress concentration of the implant and the reduction loss of the collapsed block, thus providing good stability for Schatzker II fracture. In subtype A fracture, the modulus of filler presented the slightest influence on the stability, followed by subtype C, while the stability of subtype B was most influenced by the modulus of filler. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the preoperative patient imaging data adequately to select the appropriate stiffness of the filler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyang Zeng
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ren
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Hu
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiantao Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiantao Li, ; Wei Zhang,
| | - Wei Zhang
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiantao Li, ; Wei Zhang,
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Sahal R, Alsamhi SH, Brown KN. Personal Digital Twin: A Close Look into the Present and a Step towards the Future of Personalised Healthcare Industry. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22155918. [PMID: 35957477 PMCID: PMC9371419 DOI: 10.3390/s22155918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Digital twins (DTs) play a vital role in revolutionising the healthcare industry, leading to more personalised, intelligent, and proactive healthcare. With the evolution of personalised healthcare, there is a significant need to represent a virtual replica for individuals to provide the right type of care in the right way and at the right time. Therefore, in this paper, we surveyed the concept of a personal digital twin (PDT) as an enhanced version of the DT with actionable insight capabilities. In particular, PDT can bring value to patients by enabling more accurate decision making and proper treatment selection and optimisation. Then, we explored the progression of PDT as a revolutionary technology in healthcare research and industry. However, although several research works have been performed for smart healthcare using DT, PDT is still at an early stage. Consequently, we believe that this work can be a step towards smart personalised healthcare industry by guiding the design of industrial personalised healthcare systems. Accordingly, we introduced a reference framework that empowers smart personalised healthcare using PDTs by bringing together existing advanced technologies (i.e., DT, blockchain, and AI). Then, we described some selected use cases, including the mitigation of COVID-19 contagion, COVID-19 survivor follow-up care, personalised COVID-19 medicine, personalised osteoporosis prevention, personalised cancer survivor follow-up care, and personalised nutrition. Finally, we identified further challenges to pave the PDT paradigm toward the smart personalised healthcare industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhya Sahal
- School of Computer Science and Information Technology, University College Cork, T12 E8YV Cork, Ireland
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (K.N.B.)
| | - Saeed H. Alsamhi
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National University of Ireland, N37 W089 Galway, Ireland
- Faculty of Engineering, IBB University, Ibb 70270, Yemen
| | - Kenneth N. Brown
- School of Computer Science and Information Technology, University College Cork, T12 E8YV Cork, Ireland
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (K.N.B.)
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Sun T, He X, Song X, Shu L, Li Z. The Digital Twin in Medicine: A Key to the Future of Healthcare? Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:907066. [PMID: 35911407 PMCID: PMC9330225 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.907066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing need for precise diagnosis and personalized treatment of disease in recent years. Providing treatment tailored to each patient and maximizing efficacy and efficiency are broad goals of the healthcare system. As an engineering concept that connects the physical entity and digital space, the digital twin (DT) entered our lives at the beginning of Industry 4.0. It is evaluated as a revolution in many industrial fields and has shown the potential to be widely used in the field of medicine. This technology can offer innovative solutions for precise diagnosis and personalized treatment processes. Although there are difficulties in data collection, data fusion, and accurate simulation at this stage, we speculated that the DT may have an increasing use in the future and will become a new platform for personal health management and healthcare services. We introduced the DT technology and discussed the advantages and limitations of its applications in the medical field. This article aims to provide a perspective that combining Big Data, the Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI) technology; the DT will help establish high-resolution models of patients to achieve precise diagnosis and personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Dalian, China
| | - Xiwang He
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xueguan Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Liming Shu
- Research Into Artifacts, Center for Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Zhonghai Li,
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Ahmadian H, Mageswaran P, Walter BA, Blakaj DM, Bourekas EC, Mendel E, Marras WS, Soghrati S. Toward an artificial intelligence-assisted framework for reconstructing the digital twin of vertebra and predicting its fracture response. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 38:e3601. [PMID: 35403831 PMCID: PMC9285948 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This article presents an effort toward building an artificial intelligence (AI) assisted framework, coined ReconGAN, for creating a realistic digital twin of the human vertebra and predicting the risk of vertebral fracture (VF). ReconGAN consists of a deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCGAN), image-processing steps, and finite element (FE) based shape optimization to reconstruct the vertebra model. This DCGAN model is trained using a set of quantitative micro-computed tomography (micro-QCT) images of the trabecular bone obtained from cadaveric samples. The quality of synthetic trabecular models generated using DCGAN are verified by comparing a set of its statistical microstructural descriptors with those of the imaging data. The synthesized trabecular microstructure is then infused into the vertebra cortical shell extracted from the patient's diagnostic CT scans using an FE-based shape optimization approach to achieve a smooth transition between trabecular to cortical regions. The final geometrical model of the vertebra is converted into a high-fidelity FE model to simulate the VF response using a continuum damage model under compression and flexion loading conditions. A feasibility study is presented to demonstrate the applicability of digital twins generated using this AI-assisted framework to predict the risk of VF in a cancer patient with spinal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ahmadian
- Department of Integrated Systems EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Prasath Mageswaran
- Department of Integrated Systems EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Benjamin A. Walter
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Dukagjin M. Blakaj
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Eric C. Bourekas
- Department of Neurological SurgeryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of RadiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of NeurologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Ehud Mendel
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of Neurological SurgeryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - William S. Marras
- Department of Integrated Systems EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Soheil Soghrati
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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Vendeuvre T, Koneazny C, Brèque C, Rigoard P, Severyns M, Germaneau A. Contribution of Minimally Invasive Bone Augmentation With PMMA Cement in Primary Fixation of Schatzker Type II Tibial Plateau Fractures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:840052. [PMID: 35299640 PMCID: PMC8921932 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.840052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The most common type of fracture of the lateral tibial plateau is the Schatzker type II split-depressed fracture. Minimally invasive surgery using balloon reduction appears to be very promising compared to the gold standard using a bone tamp. This surgery aims to have the best reduction and stabilization to benefit from an early passive and active rehabilitation to avoid stiffening and muscle wasting. Using a balloon for fracture reduction has allowed the use of semi-liquid Injectable Bone Cement (IBC) fillers. These fillers can be phosphocalcic or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The latest recommendations on these IBCs in spinal surgery increasingly rule out phosphocalcic fillers because of their low mechanical strength. Questions/purposes: 1) What is the mechanical influence of IBC filling (PMMA) regarding the split and depression components of a Schatzker type II fracture? 2) What is the mechanical influence of osteosynthesis regarding the split and depression components of a Schatzker type II fracture with or without PMMA filing in three different kinds of percutaneous fixations? Methods: This biomechanical study was performed on 36 fresh frozen tibia/fibula specimens. Six groups were formed according to the type of percutaneous osteosynthesis or possible PMMA filling. Mechanical strength tests were carried out using a Unicompartmental Knee prosthesis and displacement components were measured on either side of the separation on the anterolateral facet by optical method. Results: We found a significant difference between cementless and cemented osteosynthesis for depression fracture stabilization (difference −507.56N with 95% confidence interval [−904.17; −110.94] (p-value = 0.026)). The differences between the different types of osteosynthesis were not significant (p-value = 0.58). There was a significant difference between osteosynthesis without cement and osteosynthesis with cement on separation (difference −477.72N [−878.52; −76.93] (p-value = 0.03)). The differences between the different types of fixations were not significant regarding separation (p-value = 0.99). Conclusion: PMMA cement significantly improves primary stability, regardless of the type of osteosynthesis for a Schatzker type II plateau fracture. Filling with PMMA cement during tuberoplasty seems to be a very promising strategy in association with percutaneous osteosynthesis to allow rapid recovery after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Vendeuvre
- Institut Pprime UPR 3346, CNRS, ISAE-ENSMA, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - C. Koneazny
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - C. Brèque
- Institut Pprime UPR 3346, CNRS, ISAE-ENSMA, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - P. Rigoard
- Institut Pprime UPR 3346, CNRS, ISAE-ENSMA, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- PRISMATICS Lab, Department of Spine Surgery and Neuromodulation, University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | - M. Severyns
- Institut Pprime UPR 3346, CNRS, ISAE-ENSMA, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital, Martinique, France
| | - A. Germaneau
- Institut Pprime UPR 3346, CNRS, ISAE-ENSMA, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- *Correspondence: A. Germaneau,
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