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Panase P, Vongkampang T, Wangkahart E, Sutthi N. Impacts of astaxanthin-enriched Paracoccus carotinifaciens on growth, immune responses, and reproduction performance of broodstock Nile tilapia during winter season. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024:10.1007/s10695-024-01331-8. [PMID: 38512396 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The growth, immune response, and reproductive performance of broodstock of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under winter stress conditions were investigated the effects of supplementary diets with astaxanthin-enriched Paracoccus carotinifaciens. Throughout an eight-week period in the winter season, male and female tilapia were fed with diets containing different levels of P. carotinifaciens dietary supplementation: 0 g/kg (T1; control), 5 g/kg (T2), 10 g/kg (T3), and 20 g/kg (T4). Subsequently, a four-week mating system was implemented during the winter stress period. The results revealed that there were no significant differences observed in growth, hematological indices, and blood chemical profiles among all treatment groups for both male and female tilapia. However, a significant increase in cholesterol content was noted in both male and female tilapia fed with the T4 diet (p<0.05). The total carotenoid content in the muscle was evaluated, and significantly higher values were found in both male and female tilapia that fed T4 supplementation (p<0.05). Moreover, immunological parameters such as myeloperoxidase and antioxidant parameters in the liver including superoxide dismutase activity and catalase enzyme activity showed significant increases in tilapia fed with the T4 diet. The impact of P. carotinifaciens supplementation on broodstock tilapia indicated a significant increase in spermatozoa concentration in males and increased egg production in females after consumption of the T4 diet (p<0.05). Thus, this study highlighted that the presence of astaxanthin-enriched P. carotinifaciens in the diet of broodstock Nile tilapia can lead to the accumulation of carotenoids in their muscle tissue, improvement in antioxidant status, enhancement of immune function, and potential enhancement of reproductive capabilities, even under overwintering conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paiboon Panase
- Fisheries Division, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
- Unit of Excellence Physiology and Sustainable Production of Terrestrial and Aquatic Animals, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Thitiwut Vongkampang
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Eakapol Wangkahart
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
- Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Nantaporn Sutthi
- Unit of Excellence Physiology and Sustainable Production of Terrestrial and Aquatic Animals, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand.
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand.
- Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha sarakham, 44150, Thailand.
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Liu T, Wang J, Tong Y, Wu L, Xie Y, He P, Lin S, Hu X. Integrating network pharmacology and animal experimental validation to investigate the action mechanism of oleanolic acid in obesity. J Transl Med 2024; 22:86. [PMID: 38246999 PMCID: PMC10802007 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, a condition associated with the development of widespread cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and other health complications, has emerged as a significant global health issue. Oleanolic acid (OA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound that is widely distributed in various natural plants, has demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic properties. However, the mechanism by which OA fights obesity has not been well studied. METHOD Network pharmacology was utilized to search for potential targets and pathways of OA against obesity. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to validate the interaction of OA with core targets, and an animal model of obesity induced by high-fat eating was then employed to confirm the most central of these targets. RESULTS The network pharmacology study thoroughly examined 42 important OA targets for the treatment of obesity. The key biological processes (BP), cellular components (CC), and molecular functions (MF) of OA for anti-obesity were identified using GO enrichment analysis, including intracellular receptor signaling, intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling, chromatin, nucleoplasm, receptor complex, endoplasmic reticulum membrane, and RNA polymerase II transcription Factor Activity. The KEGG/DAVID database enrichment study found that metabolic pathways, PPAR signaling pathways, cancer pathways/PPAR signaling pathways, insulin resistance, and ovarian steroidogenesis all play essential roles in the treatment of obesity and OA. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was used to screen nine main targets: PPARG, PPARA, MAPK3, NR3C1, PTGS2, CYP19A1, CNR1, HSD11B1, and AGTR1. Using molecular docking technology, the possible binding mechanism and degree of binding between OA and each important target were validated, demonstrating that OA has a good binding potential with each target. The molecular dynamics simulation's Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD), and Radius of Gyration (Rg) further demonstrated that OA has strong binding stability with each target. Additional animal studies confirmed the significance of the core target PPARG and the core pathway PPAR signaling pathway in OA anti-obesity. CONCLUSION Overall, our study utilized a multifaceted approach to investigate the value and mechanisms of OA in treating obesity, thereby providing a novel foundation for the identification and development of natural drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiliang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Tong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Lele Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujue Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuguang Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
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García-González A, Espinosa-Cabello JM, Cerrillo I, Montero-Romero E, Rivas-Melo JJ, Romero-Báez A, Jiménez-Andreu MD, Ruíz-Trillo CA, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Martínez-Ortega AJ, Del Carmen Roque-Cuellar M, García-Rey S, Jiménez-Sánchez A, Mangas-Cruz MÁ, Pereira-Cunill JL, Perona JS, García-Luna PP, Castellano JM. Bioavailability and systemic transport of oleanolic acid in humans, formulated as a functional olive oil. Food Funct 2023; 14:9681-9694. [PMID: 37812020 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02725b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of the pharmacological activity of oleanolic acid (OA) suggests its potential therapeutic application. However, its use in functional foods, dietary supplements, or nutraceuticals is hindered by limited human bioavailability studies. The BIO-OLTRAD trial is a double-blind, randomized controlled study with 22 participants that received a single dose of 30 mg OA formulated as a functional olive oil. The study revealed that the maximum serum concentration of OA ranged from 500 to 600 ng mL-1, with an AUC0-∞ value of 2862.50 ± 174.50 ng h mL-1. Furthermore, we discovered a physiological association of OA with serum albumin and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). UV absorption spectra showed conformational changes in serum albumin due to the formation of an adduct with OA. Additionally, we demonstrated that TRL incorporate OA, reaching a maximum concentration of 140 ng mL-1 after 2-4 hours. We conjecture that both are efficient carriers to reach target tissues and to yield high bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aída García-González
- University Pablo de Olavide, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, 41013-Seville, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Cerrillo
- University Pablo de Olavide, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, 41013-Seville, Spain
| | - Emilio Montero-Romero
- Regional Andalusian Health Service, Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospitals Virgen del Rocío, 41013-Seville, Spain.
| | | | - Andrea Romero-Báez
- Spanish Scientific Research Council, Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, 41013-Seville, Spain.
| | - María Dolores Jiménez-Andreu
- Regional Andalusian Health Service, Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospitals Virgen del Rocío, 41013-Seville, Spain.
| | - Carmen Amelia Ruíz-Trillo
- Regional Andalusian Health Service, Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospitals Virgen del Rocío, 41013-Seville, Spain.
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Regional Andalusian Health Service, Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospitals Virgen del Rocío, 41013-Seville, Spain.
| | - Antonio Jesús Martínez-Ortega
- Regional Andalusian Health Service, Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospitals Virgen del Rocío, 41013-Seville, Spain.
| | - María Del Carmen Roque-Cuellar
- Regional Andalusian Health Service, Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospitals Virgen del Rocío, 41013-Seville, Spain.
| | - Silvia García-Rey
- Regional Andalusian Health Service, Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospitals Virgen del Rocío, 41013-Seville, Spain.
| | - Andrés Jiménez-Sánchez
- Regional Andalusian Health Service, Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospitals Virgen del Rocío, 41013-Seville, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Mangas-Cruz
- Regional Andalusian Health Service, Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospitals Virgen del Rocío, 41013-Seville, Spain.
| | - José Luis Pereira-Cunill
- Regional Andalusian Health Service, Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospitals Virgen del Rocío, 41013-Seville, Spain.
| | - Javier S Perona
- Spanish Scientific Research Council, Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, 41013-Seville, Spain.
| | - Pedro Pablo García-Luna
- Regional Andalusian Health Service, Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospitals Virgen del Rocío, 41013-Seville, Spain.
| | - José María Castellano
- Spanish Scientific Research Council, Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, 41013-Seville, Spain.
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Li J, Ruggiero-Ruff RE, He Y, Qiu X, Lainez N, Villa P, Godzik A, Coss D, Nair MG. Sexual dimorphism in obesity is governed by RELMα regulation of adipose macrophages and eosinophils. eLife 2023; 12:e86001. [PMID: 37162190 PMCID: PMC10171862 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity incidence is increasing worldwide with the urgent need to identify new therapeutics. Sex differences in immune cell activation drive obesity-mediated pathologies where males are more susceptible to obesity comorbidities and exacerbated inflammation. Here, we demonstrate that the macrophage-secreted protein RELMα critically protects females against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Compared to male mice, serum RELMα levels were higher in both control and HFD-fed females and correlated with frequency of adipose macrophages and eosinophils. RELMα-deficient females gained more weight and had proinflammatory macrophage accumulation and eosinophil loss in the adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF), while RELMα treatment or eosinophil transfer rescued this phenotype. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of the adipose SVF was performed and identified sex and RELMα-dependent changes. Genes involved in oxygen sensing and iron homeostasis, including hemoglobin and lncRNA Gm47283/Gm21887, correlated with increased obesity, while eosinophil chemotaxis and response to amyloid-beta were protective. Monocyte-to-macrophage transition was also dysregulated in RELMα-deficient animals. Collectively, these studies implicate a RELMα-macrophage-eosinophil axis in sex-specific protection against obesity and uncover new therapeutic targets for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Rebecca E Ruggiero-Ruff
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Yuxin He
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Xinru Qiu
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Nancy Lainez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Pedro Villa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Adam Godzik
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Djurdjica Coss
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
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5
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Li J, Ruggiero-Ruff RE, He Y, Qiu X, Lainez NM, Villa PA, Godzik A, Coss D, Nair MG. Sexual dimorphism in obesity is governed by RELMα regulation of adipose macrophages and eosinophils. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.13.523880. [PMID: 36711654 PMCID: PMC9882128 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.13.523880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity incidence is increasing worldwide with the urgent need to identify new therapeutics. Sex differences in immune cell activation drive obesity-mediated pathologies where males are more susceptible to obesity co-morbidities and exacerbated inflammation. Here, we demonstrate that the macrophage-secreted protein RELMα critically protects females against high fat diet-induced obesity. Compared to male mice, RELMα levels were elevated in both control and high fat dietfed females and correlated with adipose macrophages and eosinophils. RELMα-deficient females gained more weight and had pro-inflammatory macrophage accumulation and eosinophil loss, while both RELMα treatment and eosinophil transfer rescued this phenotype. Single cell RNA-sequencing of the adipose stromal vascular fraction was performed and identified sex and RELMα-dependent changes. Genes involved in oxygen sensing and iron homeostasis, including hemoglobin and lncRNA Gm47283, correlated with increased obesity, while eosinophil chemotaxis and response to amyloid-beta were protective. Monocyte-to-macrophage transition was also dysregulated in RELMα-deficient animals. Collectively, these studies implicate a RELMα-macrophage-eosinophil axis in sex-specific protection against obesity and uncover new therapeutic targets for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca E Ruggiero-Ruff
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Yuxin He
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Xinru Qiu
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Nancy M Lainez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Pedro A Villa
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Adam Godzik
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Djurdjica Coss
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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6
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Espinosa JM, Castellano JM, Garcia-Rodriguez S, Quintero-Flórez A, Carrasquilla N, Perona JS. Lipophilic Bioactive Compounds Transported in Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins Modulate Microglial Inflammatory Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147706. [PMID: 35887052 PMCID: PMC9321013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells can contribute to Alzheimer’s disease by triggering an inflammatory response that leads to neuronal death. In addition, the presence of amyloid-β in the brain is consistent with alterations in the blood–brain barrier integrity and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) permeation. In the present work, we used lab-made TRL as carriers of lipophilic bioactive compounds that are commonly present in dietary oils, namely oleanolic acid (OA), α-tocopherol (AT) and β-sitosterol (BS), to assess their ability to modulate the inflammatory response of microglial BV-2 cells. We show that treatment with lab-made TRL increases the release and gene-expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, as well as NO and iNOS in microglia. On the other hand, TRL revealed bioactive compounds α-tocopherol and β-sitosterol as suitable carriers for oleanolic acid. The inclusion of these biomolecules in TRL reduced the release of proinflammatory cytokines. The inclusion of these biomolecules in TRL reduced the release of proinflammatory cytokines. AT reduced IL-6 release by 72%, OA reduced TNF-α release by approximately 50%, and all three biomolecules together (M) reduced IL-1β release by 35% and TNF-α release by more than 70%. In addition, NO generation was reduced, with the inclusion of OA by 45%, BS by 80% and the presence of M by 88%. Finally, a recovery of the basal glutathione content was observed with the inclusion of OA and M in the TRL. Our results open the way to exploiting the neuro-pharmacological potential of these lipophilic bioactive compounds through their delivery to the brain as part of TRL.
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Pan Y, Li H, Shahidi F, Luo T, Deng Z. Interactions among dietary phytochemicals and nutrients: Role of cell membranes. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Claro-Cala CM, Jiménez-Altayó F, Zagmutt S, Rodriguez-Rodriguez R. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of Olive Oil Triterpenic Acids in Obesity and Related Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081606. [PMID: 35458168 PMCID: PMC9024864 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary components exert protective effects against obesity and related metabolic and cardiovascular disturbances by interfering with the molecular pathways leading to these pathologies. Dietary biomolecules are currently promising strategies to help in the management of obesity and metabolic syndrome, which are still unmet medical issues. Olive oil, a key component of the Mediterranean diet, provides an exceptional lipid matrix highly rich in bioactive molecules. Among them, the pentacyclic triterpenic acids (i.e., oleanolic acid) have gained clinical relevance in the last decade due to their wide range of biological actions, particularly in terms of vascular function, obesity and insulin resistance. Considering the promising effects of these triterpenic compounds as nutraceuticals and components of functional foods against obesity and associated complications, the aim of our review is to decipher and discuss the main molecular mechanisms underlying these effects driven by olive oil triterpenes, in particular by oleanolic acid. Special attention is paid to their signaling and targets related to glucose and insulin homeostasis, lipid metabolism, adiposity and cardiovascular dysfunction in obesity. Our study is aimed at providing a better understanding of the impact of dietary components of olive oil in the long-term management of obesity and metabolic syndrome in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M. Claro-Cala
- Departament of Pharmacology, Pediatríc y Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain;
| | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | - Sebastián Zagmutt
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Valles, Spain;
| | - Rosalia Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Valles, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-935-042-002
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Oleanolic Acid: Extraction, Characterization and Biological Activity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030623. [PMID: 35276982 PMCID: PMC8838233 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid ubiquitously present in the plant kingdom, is receiving outstanding attention from the scientific community due to its biological activity against multiple diseases. Oleanolic acid is endowed with a wide range of biological activities with therapeutic potential by means of complex and multifactorial mechanisms. There is evidence suggesting that oleanolic acid might be effective against dyslipidemia, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, through enhancing insulin response, preserving the functionality and survival of β-cells and protecting against diabetes complications. In addition, several other functions have been proposed, including antiviral, anti-HIV, antibacterial, antifungal, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic activities, as well as interfering in several stages of the development of different types of cancer; however, due to its hydrophobic nature, oleanolic acid is almost insoluble in water, which has led to a number of approaches to enhance its biopharmaceutical properties. In this scenario, the present review aimed to summarize the current knowledge and the research progress made in the last years on the extraction and characterization of oleanolic acid and its biological activities and the underlying mechanisms of action.
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Huang M, Yang X, Wang Z, Long J, Wang A, Zhang Y, Yan D. Lipophagy: A New Perspective of Natural Products in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:2985-2999. [PMID: 34234495 PMCID: PMC8256822 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s310166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has been reported to involve in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which protects the insulin target tissues and pancreatic β-cells. However, autophagy is inhibited when the cells are lipid overload. That, in turn, increases the accumulation of fat. Lipotoxicity caused by excessive lipid accumulation contributes to pathogenesis of T2DM. Therefore, it is undeniable to break the vicious circles between lipid excess and autophagy deficiency. Lipophagy, a selective form of autophagy, is characterized by selective breakdown of lipid droplets (LDs). The nutritional status of cells contributes to the way of autophagy (selective or non-selective), while selective autophagy helps to accurately remove excess substances. It seems that lipophagy could be an effective means to decrease abnormal lipid accumulation that leads to insulin resistance and β-cell impairment by removing ectopic LDs. Based on this process, many natural compounds have been reported to decrease lipid accumulation in tissues through autophagy-lysosomal pathway, which gradually highlights the significance of lipophagy. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms that lipophagy improves T2DM and natural products that are applied to induce lipophagy. It is also suggested that natural herbs with rich contents of natural products inducing lipophagy would be potential candidates for alleviating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianglan Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, 401121, People’s Republic of China
- Yi Zhang Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, No. 1, Chunlan 2nd Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401121, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 23-86072771 Email
| | - Dan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Dan Yan Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95, Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 10-63139318 Email
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