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Pires C, Sapatinha M, Mendes R, Bandarra NM, Gonçalves A. Dehydration, Rehydration and Thermal Treatment: Effect on Bioactive Compounds of Red Seaweeds Porphyra umbilicalis and Porphyra linearis. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:166. [PMID: 38667783 PMCID: PMC11051167 DOI: 10.3390/md22040166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The nutritional and bioactive value of seaweeds is widely recognized, making them a valuable food source. To use seaweeds as food, drying and thermal treatments are required, but these treatments may have a negative impact on valuable bioactive compounds. In this study, the effects of dehydration, rehydration, and thermal treatment on the bioactive compounds (carotenoids, phycobiliproteins, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC)), antioxidant (ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities) and anti-Alzheimer's (Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitory activities, and color properties of Porphyra umbilicalis and Porphyra linearis seaweeds were evaluated. The results revealed significant reductions in carotenoids, TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities after the seaweeds' processing, with differences observed between species. Thermal treatment led to the most pronounced reductions in bioactive compound contents and antioxidant activity. AchE inhibitory activity remained relatively high in all samples, with P. umbilicalis showing higher activity than P. linearis. Changes in color (ΔE) were significant after seaweeds' dehydration, rehydration and thermal treatment, especially in P. umbilicalis. Overall, optimizing processing methods is crucial for preserving the bioactive compounds and biological activities of seaweeds, thus maximizing their potential as sustainable and nutritious food sources or as nutraceutical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pires
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Biospropecting (DivAV), Department for the Sea and Marine Resources, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.S.); (R.M.); (N.M.B.); (A.G.)
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Maria Sapatinha
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Biospropecting (DivAV), Department for the Sea and Marine Resources, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.S.); (R.M.); (N.M.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Rogério Mendes
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Biospropecting (DivAV), Department for the Sea and Marine Resources, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.S.); (R.M.); (N.M.B.); (A.G.)
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Narcisa M. Bandarra
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Biospropecting (DivAV), Department for the Sea and Marine Resources, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.S.); (R.M.); (N.M.B.); (A.G.)
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Amparo Gonçalves
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Biospropecting (DivAV), Department for the Sea and Marine Resources, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.S.); (R.M.); (N.M.B.); (A.G.)
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Gao M, Ling N, Tian H, Guo C, Wang Q. Toxicity, physiological response, and biosorption mechanism of Dunaliella salina to copper, lead, and cadmium. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1374275. [PMID: 38605709 PMCID: PMC11007151 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1374275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Heavy metal pollution has become a global problem, which urgently needed to be solved owing to its severe threat to water ecosystems and human health. Thus, the exploration and development of a simple, cost-effective and environmental-friendly technique to remove metal elements from contaminated water is of great importance. Algae are a kind of photosynthetic autotroph and exhibit excellent bioadsorption capacities, making them suitable for wastewater treatment. Methods The effects of heavy metals (copper, lead and cadmium) on the growth, biomolecules accumulation, metabolic responses and antioxidant response of Dunaliella salina were investigated. Moreover, the Box-Behnken design (BBD) in response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the biosorption capacity, and FT-IR was performed to explore the biosorption mechanism of D. salina on multiple heavy metals. Results The growth of D. salina cells was significantly inhibited and the contents of intracellular photosynthetic pigments, polysaccharides and proteins were obviously reduced under different concentrations of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+, and the EC50 values were 18.14 mg/L, 160.37 mg/L and 3.32 mg/L at 72 h, respectively. Besides, the activities of antioxidant enzyme SOD and CAT in D. salina first increased, and then descended with increasing concentration of three metal ions, while MDA contents elevated continuously. Moreover, D. salina exhibited an excellent removal efficacy on three heavy metals. BBD assay revealed that the maximal removal rates for Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ were 88.9%, 87.2% and 72.9%, respectively under optimal adsorption conditions of pH 5-6, temperature 20-30°C, and adsorption time 6 h. Both surface biosorption and intracellular bioaccumulation mechanisms are involved in metal ions removal of D. salina. FT-IR spectrum exhibited the main functional groups including carboxyl (-COOH), hydroxyl (-OH), amino (-NH2), phosphate (-P=O) and sulfate (-S=O) are closely associated with the biosorption or removal of heavy metalsions. Discussion Attributing to the brilliant biosorption capacity, Dunaliella salina may be developed to be an excellent adsorbent for heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze Gao
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Antitumor Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Na Ling
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Antitumor Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Haiyan Tian
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Antitumor Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Chunqiu Guo
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Antitumor Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Qiyao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Adarshan S, Sree VSS, Muthuramalingam P, Nambiar KS, Sevanan M, Satish L, Venkidasamy B, Jeelani PG, Shin H. Understanding Macroalgae: A Comprehensive Exploration of Nutraceutical, Pharmaceutical, and Omics Dimensions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:113. [PMID: 38202421 PMCID: PMC10780804 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Driven by a surge in global interest in natural products, macroalgae or seaweed, has emerged as a prime source for nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical applications. Characterized by remarkable genetic diversity and a crucial role in marine ecosystems, these organisms offer not only substantial nutritional value in proteins, fibers, vitamins, and minerals, but also a diverse array of bioactive molecules with promising pharmaceutical properties. Furthermore, macroalgae produce approximately 80% of the oxygen in the atmosphere, highlighting their ecological significance. The unique combination of nutritional and bioactive attributes positions macroalgae as an ideal resource for food and medicine in various regions worldwide. This comprehensive review consolidates the latest advancements in the field, elucidating the potential applications of macroalgae in developing nutraceuticals and therapeutics. The review emphasizes the pivotal role of omics approaches in deepening our understanding of macroalgae's physiological and molecular characteristics. By highlighting the importance of omics, this review also advocates for continued exploration and utilization of these extraordinary marine organisms in diverse domains, including drug discovery, functional foods, and other industrial applications. The multifaceted potential of macroalgae warrants further research and development to unlock their full benefits and contribute to advancing global health and sustainable industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Adarshan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Vairavel Sivaranjani Sivani Sree
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India; (V.S.S.S.); (K.S.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Pandiyan Muthuramalingam
- Division of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Krishnanjana S Nambiar
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India; (V.S.S.S.); (K.S.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Murugan Sevanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India; (V.S.S.S.); (K.S.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Lakkakula Satish
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, Marine Algal Research Station, CSIR—Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Mandapam 623519, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Peerzada Gh Jeelani
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology & Bioinformatics, National College Trichy, Tiruchirapalli 620001, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Hyunsuk Shin
- Division of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea;
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Mavrommatis A, Tsiplakou E, Zerva A, Pantiora PD, Georgakis ND, Tsintzou GP, Madesis P, Labrou NE. Microalgae as a Sustainable Source of Antioxidants in Animal Nutrition, Health and Livestock Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1882. [PMID: 37891962 PMCID: PMC10604252 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are a renewable and sustainable source of bioactive compounds, such as essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidant compounds, that have been documented to have beneficial effects on nutrition and health. Among these natural products, the demand for natural antioxidants, as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants, has increased. The antioxidant activity of microalgae significantly varies between species and depends on growth conditions. In the last decade, microalgae have been explored in livestock animals as feed additives with the aim of improving both animals' health and performance as well as product quality and the environmental impact of livestock. These findings are highly dependent on the composition of microalgae strain and their amount in the diet. The use of carbohydrate-active enzymes can increase nutrient bioavailability as a consequence of recalcitrant microalgae cell wall degradation, making it a promising strategy for monogastric nutrition for improving livestock productivity. The use of microalgae as an alternative to conventional feedstuffs is becoming increasingly important due to food-feed competition, land degradation, water deprivation, and climate change. However, the cost-effective production and use of microalgae is a major challenge in the near future, and their cultivation technology should be improved by reducing production costs, thus increasing profitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Mavrommatis
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Tsiplakou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Zerva
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota D Pantiora
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos D Georgakis
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia P Tsintzou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plants, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, GR-38221 Volos, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Madesis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plants, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, GR-38221 Volos, Greece
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, 6th km Charilaou-Thermis Road, P.O. Box 361, Thermi, GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos E Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., GR-11855 Athens, Greece
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Ismail MM, El-Fakharany EM, Hegazy GE. Purification and fractionation of phycobiliproteins from Arthrospira platensis and Corallina officinalis with evaluating their biological activities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14270. [PMID: 37652963 PMCID: PMC10471603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) are a class of water-soluble pigments with a variety of biological functions that are present in red macroalgae and cyanobacterial species. The crude forms of phycocyanin (C-PC) from the blue green alga Arthrospira platensis and allophycocyanin (APC) from the red macroalga Corallina officinalis were extracted and purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, anion exchange chromatography, and size exclusion chromatography methods, respectively. The obtained C-PC and APC from A. platensis and C. officinalis were 0.31 mg/mL and 0.08 mg/mL, respectively, with molecular masses of "17.0 KDa and 19.0 KDa" and "15.0 KDa and 17.0 KDa" corresponding to α and β subunits, respectively. FT-IR was used to characterize the purified APC and C-PC in order to look into their structures. Highly purified extracts (A620/A280 > 4.0) were obtained from subtractions' PC3 and PC4 that were tested for their biological activities. APC and C-PC crude extracts plus their fractions exhibited potent anti-oxidant in different ratios by using three techniques. PC1 showed high anti-inflammatory (75.99 and 74.55%) and anti-arthritic (78.89 and 76.92%) activities for C. officinalis and A. platensis, respectively compared with standard drugs (72.02 and 71.5%). The methanolic and water extracts of both species showed greater antibacterial efficacy against Gram +ve than Gram -ve marine bacteria. Our study shed light on the potential medical uses of C-PC and APC extracted from the tested species as natural substances in a variety of foods and drugs. Further investigations are required to explore the diverse chemical natures of distinct PBPs from different cyanobacteria and red algae because their amino acid sequences vary among different algal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Ismail
- National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research & Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ghada E Hegazy
- National Institute of Oceanography & Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt.
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research & Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Liang Y, Deng L, Feng Z, Ouyang Q, Wu X, Quan W, Zhu Y, Ye H, Wu K, Luo H. A Chitosan-Based Flocculation Method for Efficient Recovery of High-Purity B-Phycoerythrin from a Low Concentration of Phycobilin in Wastewater. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083600. [PMID: 37110834 PMCID: PMC10143359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing the yield and purity of B-phycoerythrin (B-PE) can improve the economic state of microalgae industrial processing. One method of cost reduction involves the recovery of remaining B-PE from wastewater. In this study, we developed a chitosan (CS)-based flocculation technique for the efficient recovery of B-PE from a low concentration of phycobilin in wastewater. We investigated the effects of the molecular weight of chitosan, B-PE/CS mass ratio, and solution pH on the flocculation efficiency of CS and the effects of phosphate buffer concentration and pH on the recovery rate of B-PE. The maximum flocculation efficiency of CS, recovery rate, and purity index of B-PE were 97.19% ± 0.59%, 72.07% ± 1.37%, and 3.20 ± 0.025 (drug grade), respectively. The structural stability and activity of B-PE were maintained during the recovery process. Economic evaluation revealed that our CS-based flocculation method is more economical than the ammonium sulfate precipitation method is. Furthermore, the bridging effect and electrostatic interaction play important roles in B-PE/CS complex flocculation process. Hence, our study provides an efficient and economical method to recover high-purity B-PE from a low concentration of phycobilin in wastewater, which promoted the application of B-PE as a natural pigment protein in food and chemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingye Liang
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Guangdong (Zhanjiang) Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Luming Deng
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Zhenhui Feng
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Guangdong (Zhanjiang) Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Qianqian Ouyang
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Guangdong (Zhanjiang) Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Zhanjiang Engineering Research Center for Algae High-Value Utilization, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Zhanjiang Engineering Research Center for Algae High-Value Utilization, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Weiyan Quan
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Guangdong (Zhanjiang) Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Zhanjiang Engineering Research Center for Algae High-Value Utilization, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhu
- Guangdong (Zhanjiang) Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Zhanjiang Engineering Research Center for Algae High-Value Utilization, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Hua Ye
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Kefeng Wu
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Guangdong (Zhanjiang) Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Guangdong (Zhanjiang) Provincial Laboratory of Southern Marine Science and Engineering, Zhanjiang 524023, China
- Zhanjiang Engineering Research Center for Algae High-Value Utilization, Zhanjiang 524023, China
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