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Kara A, Massaro C, Giammanco GM, Alduina R, Boussoualim N. Phylogenetic Diversity, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence of Escherichia coli Strains from Urinary Tract Infections in Algeria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:773. [PMID: 39200073 PMCID: PMC11350822 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Escherichia coli represent a significant public health concern due to the high virulence and antimicrobial resistance exhibited by these pathogens. This study aimed to analyze the phylogenetic diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles of Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains isolated from UTI patients in Algeria, focusing on virulence factors such as extended β-lactamase (ESBL) production, biofilm formation, and hemolytic activity. Phylogenetic grouping of 86 clinical imipenem resistant E. coli isolates showed the prevalence of group B2 (48.9%), followed by groups E (22.1%), unknown (12.8%), A (8.1%), and B1 (4.7%), and Clade I, D, Clade I, or Clade II (1.2%). The highest resistance rates were observed towards amoxicillin (86.04%), ticarcillin (82.55%), piperacillin (73.25%), nitrofurantoin (84.88%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (51.16%). Notably, 69.8% of UPEC strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and 23.2% were extensively drug-resistant (XDR). Additionally, 48.9%, 42%, and 71% of strains demonstrated ESBL production, hemolytic activity, and weak biofilm production, respectively. Continuous monitoring and characterization of UPEC strains are essential to track the spread of the most resistant and virulent phylogenetic groups over time, facilitating rapid therapeutic decisions to treat infections and prevent the emergence of new resistant organisms, helping choose the most effective antibiotics and reducing treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfal Kara
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas of Setif 1, Setif 19000, Algeria; (A.K.); (N.B.)
| | - Chiara Massaro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giovanni M. Giammanco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Rosa Alduina
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Naouel Boussoualim
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas of Setif 1, Setif 19000, Algeria; (A.K.); (N.B.)
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Richter L, Duvenage S, du Plessis EM, Msimango T, Dlangalala M, Mathavha MT, Molelekoa T, Kgoale DM, Korsten L. Genomic Evaluation of Multidrug-Resistant Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli from Irrigation Water and Fresh Produce in South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:14421-14438. [PMID: 39101763 PMCID: PMC11325645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli, both commensal and pathogenic, can colonize plants and persist in various environments. It indicates fecal contamination in water and food and serves as a marker of antimicrobial resistance. In this context, 61 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli from irrigation water and fresh produce from previous studies were characterized using whole genome sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). The Center for Genomic Epidemiology and Galaxy platforms were used to determine antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence genes, plasmid typing, mobile genetic elements, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and pathogenicity prediction. In total, 19 known MLST groups were detected among the 61 isolates. Phylogroup B1 (ST58) and Phylogroup E (ST9583) were the most common sequence types. The six ST10 (serotype O101:H9) isolates carried the most resistance genes, spanning eight antibiotic classes. Overall, 95.1% of the isolates carried resistance genes from three or more classes. The blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-14, and blaCTX-M-15 ESBL genes were associated with mobile genetic elements, and all of the E. coli isolates showed a >90% predicted probability of being a human pathogen. This study provided novel genomic information on environmental multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli from fresh produce and irrigation water, highlighting the environment as a reservoir for multidrug-resistant strains and emphasizing the need for ongoing pathogen surveillance within a One Health context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loandi Richter
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation, National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Stacey Duvenage
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Food and Markets Department, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thabang Msimango
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation, National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Manana Dlangalala
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Muneiwa Tshidino Mathavha
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Tintswalo Molelekoa
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Degracious Moloko Kgoale
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation, National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Lise Korsten
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Science and Innovation, National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Food Security, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Ketkhao P, Utrarachkij F, Parikumsil N, Poonchareon K, Kerdsin A, Ekchariyawat P, Narongpun P, Nakajima C, Suzuki Y, Suthienkul O. Phylogenetic diversity and virulence gene characteristics of Escherichia coli from pork and patients with urinary tract infections in Thailand. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307544. [PMID: 39052658 PMCID: PMC11271939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), especially uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are responsible for urinary tract infections (UTIs), while diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) cause foodborne illnesses. These pathogenic E. coli are a serious threat to human health and a public concern worldwide. However, the evidence on pork E. coli (PEC) harboring UPEC virulence-associated genes is currently limited. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the phylogroups, virulence genes, and their association between PEC and UPEC from UTI patients. In this study, 330 E. coli were obtained from archived stock culture isolated from pork (PEC; n = 165) and urine of patients with UTIs (UPEC; n = 165) during 2014-2022. Phylogroups, UPEC- and diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) associated virulence genes were assessed using PCR assays. The results showed that phylogroups A (50.3%), and B1 (32.1%) were commonly found among PEC whereas phylogroups B2 (41.8%), and C (25.5%) were commonly detected in the UPEC. PEC and UPEC carried similar virulence-associated genes with different percentages. The most frequent UPEC virulence-associated gene among UPEC, and PEC strains was fimH, (93.3%, and 92.1%), followed by iucC (55.2%, and 12.7%), papC (21.8%, and 4.2%), afaC (22.4%, and 0%), hlyCA (17%, and 0.6%), cnf (16.4%, and 0.6%), and sfa/focDE (8.5%, and 4.8%). Additionally, 6 of 27 UPEC virulence-associated gene patterns were found in both PEC and UPEC strains regardless of phylogroups. Furthermore, the DEC virulence-associated genes were found in only 3 strains, one from PEC harboring eae, and two from UPEC carried fimH-bfpA or afaC-CVD432 indicating hybrid strains. Cluster analysis showed a relationship between PEC and UPEC strains and demonstrated that PEC harboring UPEC virulence-associated genes in pork may be associated with UPEC in humans. Food safety and hygiene practices during pork production chain are important procedures for minimizing cross-contamination of these strains that could be transmitted to the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramualchai Ketkhao
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Fuangfa Utrarachkij
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kritchai Poonchareon
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermprakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakhon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Peeraya Ekchariyawat
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawarut Narongpun
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
- Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Sapporo, Japan
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Anudit C, Saraisuwan P, Kimterng C, Puangmanee C, Bamphensin N, Kerdsin A. Dissemination of Urinary Escherichia coli Phylogroup B2 in Provincial and Community Hospitals in Uthai Thani, Central Thailand. Jpn J Infect Dis 2024; 77:220-226. [PMID: 38417863 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2023.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes a variety of clinical infections in humans, including diarrhea, sepsis, and urinary tract infection. This bacterium is a common multidrug-resistant threat in community and hospital settings worldwide. This study examined the antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic relationship based on Clermont phylotyping and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR of 84 E. coli urinary isolates from provincial and community hospitals in Thailand. All isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin, and almost all isolates were susceptible to carbapenem, fosfomycin, and amikacin. High resistance rates to fluoroquinolone, ampicillin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were observed. Clermont phylogroup B2 was predominant (n = 58). Subtyping of the B2 phylogroup revealed diverse subgroups, of which subgroup V (n = 11), VII (n = 9), III (n = 6), and II (n = 6) were most prevalent. ERIC-PCR showed that the strains of the B2 subgroups III and V were spread between provincial and community hospitals and between hospital wards. This evidence suggests the need for comprehensive infection control monitoring, with strong active surveillance at all hospital levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nicharee Bamphensin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Thailand
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Thailand
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Chin JJ, Lee HM, Lee SY, Lee YY, Chew CH. High Carriage of tetA, sul1, sul2 and bla TEM Resistance Genes among the Multidrug-resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) Strains from Malaysian Patients. Trop Life Sci Res 2024; 35:211-225. [PMID: 39234470 PMCID: PMC11371398 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains pose a critical challenge in urinary tract infection (UTI) treatments. However, little work elucidated the resistance mechanisms of the MDR UPEC clinical strains in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes among the UPEC strains. Polymerase chain reactions were conducted to detect the presence of 6 antimicrobial resistance genes among 60 UPEC strains. Meanwhile, the antimicrobial resistance profiles against 9 antimicrobials were examined through the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. In this study, the MDR isolates accounted for 40.0% (24/60), with the highest prevalence of resistance towards ampicillin (43/60; 71.7%), followed by tetracycline (31/60; 51.7%), nalidixic acid (30/60; 50.0%), co-trimoxazole (20/60, 33.3%), ciprofloxacin (19/60, 31.7%), levofloxacin (16/60, 21.6%) and chloramphenicol (10/60, 16.7%). In contrast, low resistance rates were observed among minocycline (1/60; 1.7%) and imipenem (0/60; 0.0%). bla TEM was the most prevalent gene (36/60; 60.0%), followed by tetA (27/60; 45.0%), sul2 (25/60; 41.7%), sul1 (13/60; 21.7%) and tetB (8/60; 13.3%). Surprisingly, bla SHV was not detected among the UPEC isolates. The MDR, ampicillin and tetracycline-resistant isolates were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of tetA, sul1, sul2 and bla TEM. In contrast, tetB displayed no significant relationship with any of the antimicrobials tested. The patient's age and gender were not the risk factors for the carriage of the resistance genes. Our findings identified the common resistance genes carried by the antimicrobial resistant UPEC isolates and provide valuable insights into developing the best antibiotic prescription regime to treat UTIs in our local scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jin Chin
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Mei Lee
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Shuet-Yi Lee
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Yin-Ying Lee
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Choy-Hoong Chew
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
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6
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Williamson CHD, Vazquez AJ, Nunnally AE, Kyger K, Fofanov VY, Furstenau TN, Hornstra HM, Terriquez J, Keim P, Sahl JW. ColiSeq: a multiplex amplicon assay that provides strain level resolution of Escherichia coli directly from clinical specimens. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0413923. [PMID: 38651881 PMCID: PMC11237721 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04139-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a diverse pathogen, causing a range of disease in humans, from self-limiting diarrhea to urinary tract infections (UTIs). Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is the most frequently observed uropathogen in UTIs, a common disease in high-income countries, incurring billions of dollars yearly in treatment costs. Although E. coli is easily grown and identified in the clinical laboratory, genotyping the pathogen is more complicated, yet critical for reducing the incidence of disease. These goals can be achieved through whole-genome sequencing of E. coli isolates, but this approach is relatively slow and typically requires culturing the pathogen in the laboratory. To genotype E. coli rapidly and inexpensively directly from clinical samples, including but not limited to urine, we developed and validated a multiplex amplicon sequencing assay, called ColiSeq. The assay consists of targets designed for E. coli species confirmation, high resolution genotyping, and mixture deconvolution. To demonstrate its utility, we screened the ColiSeq assay against 230 clinical urine samples collected from a hospital system in Flagstaff, Arizona, USA. A limit of detection analysis demonstrated the ability of ColiSeq to identify E. coli at a concentration of ~2 genomic equivalent (GEs)/mL and to generate high-resolution genotyping at a concentration of 1 × 105 GEs/mL. The results of this study suggest that ColiSeq could be a valuable method to understand the source of UPEC strains and guide infection mitigation efforts. As sequence-based diagnostics become accepted in the clinical laboratory, workflows such as ColiSeq will provide actionable information to improve patient outcomes.IMPORTANCEUrinary tract infections (UTIs), caused primarily by Escherichia coli, create an enormous health care burden in the United States and other high-income countries. The early detection of E. coli from clinical samples, including urine, is important to target therapy and prevent further patient complications. Additionally, understanding the source of E. coli exposure will help with future mitigation efforts. In this study, we developed, tested, and validated an amplicon sequencing assay focused on direct detection of E. coli from urine. The resulting sequence data were demonstrated to provide strain level resolution of the pathogen, not only confirming the presence of E. coli, which can focus treatment efforts, but also providing data needed for source attribution and contact tracing. This assay will generate inexpensive, rapid, and reproducible data that can be deployed by public health agencies to track, diagnose, and potentially mitigate future UTIs caused by E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam J. Vazquez
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Amalee E. Nunnally
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Kristen Kyger
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Viacheslav Y. Fofanov
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Tara N. Furstenau
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Heidie M. Hornstra
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Paul Keim
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Jason W. Sahl
- Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
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Gomaa Elsayed A, M Fahmy E, Abdellatif Alsayed M, Ahmed ME, El Sayed Zaki M, Mofreh Mohamed M. Study of plasmid mediated quinolone resistance genes among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from pediatric patients with sepsis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11849. [PMID: 38783019 PMCID: PMC11116374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The resistance to antibiotics in Gram-negative bacilli causing sepsis is a warning sign of failure of therapy. Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) represent major Gram-negative bacilli associated with sepsis. Quinolone resistance is an emerging resistance among E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Therefore, the present study aimed to study the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated from pediatric patients with sepsis. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study that included pediatric patients with healthcare-associated sepsis. The E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were identified by microbiological methods. PMQR genes namely qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS were detected in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates by PCR. The results were analyzed by SPPS24, and the qualitative data was analyzed as numbers and percentages and comparison was performed by Chi-square test, P was significant if < 0.05. The most prevalent gene detected by PCR was qnrA (75%), followed by qnrB (28.1%), and qnrS (25%). The most frequently detected qnr gene in E coli and K. pneumoniae was qnrA (28.8%, and 16.3% respectively). The present study highlights the high prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance among E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated from pediatric patients with healthcare-associated sepsis. There was a high frequency of PMQR genes in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated from pediatric patients. Therefore, it is important to monitor the spread of PMQR genes in clinical isolates to ensure efficient antibiotic use in those children. The finding denotes the importance of an antibiotics surveillance program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gomaa Elsayed
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ehab M Fahmy
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Helwan Faculty of Medicine, Helwan, Egypt
| | | | - Mai Essam Ahmed
- Clinical Pathology, Beni suef Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef, Egypt
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Wei S, Ding B, Wang G, Luo S, Zhao H, Dan X. Population characteristics of pathogenic Escherichia coli in puerperal metritis of dairy cows in Ningxia region of China: a systemic taxa distribution of virulence factors and drug resistance genes. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1364373. [PMID: 38694808 PMCID: PMC11061491 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1364373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is closely associated with the occurrence of puerperal metritis in dairy cows. E. coli carries some the virulence and multi-drug resistant genes, which pose a serious threat to the health of postpartum cows. In this study, E. coli was isolated and identified from the uterine contents of postpartum cows with puerperal metritis in the Ningxia region of China, and its phylogenetic subgroups were determined. Meanwhile, virulence and drug resistance genes carried by E. coli and drug sensitivity were detected, and the characteristics of virulence and drug resistance genes distribution in E. coli phylogroups were further analyzed. The results showed that the isolation rate of E. coli in puerperal metritis samples was 95.2%. E. coli was mainly divided into phylogroups B2 and D, followed by groups A and B1, and was more connected to O157:H7, O169:H4, and ECC-1470 type strains. The virulence genes were mainly dominated by ompF (100%), traT (100%), fimH (97%), papC (96%), csgA (95%), Ang43 (93.9%), and ompC (93%), and the resistance genes were dominated by TEM (99%), tetA (71.7%), aac(3)II (66.7%), and cmlA (53.5%). Additionally, it was observed that the virulence and resistance gene phenotypes could be divided into two subgroups, with subgroup B2 and D having the highest distributions. Drug sensitivity tests also revealed that the E. coli was most sensitive to the fluoroquinolones enrofloxacin, followed by macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, β-lactams, peptides and sulfonamides, and least sensitive to lincosamides. These results imply that pathogenic E. coli, which induces puerperal metritis of dairy cows in the Ningxia region of China, primarily belongs to the group B2 and D, contains multiple virulence and drug resistance genes, Moreover, E. coli has evolved resistance to several drugs including penicillin, lincomycin, cotrimoxazole, and streptomycin. It will offer specific guidelines reference for the prevention and treatment of puerperal metritis in dairy cows with E. coli infections in the Ningxia region of China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hongxi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xingang Dan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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9
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Du J, Khemmani M, Halverson T, Ene A, Limeira R, Tinawi L, Hochstedler-Kramer BR, Noronha MF, Putonti C, Wolfe AJ. Cataloging the phylogenetic diversity of human bladder bacterial isolates. Genome Biol 2024; 25:75. [PMID: 38515176 PMCID: PMC10958879 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the human bladder is reported to harbor unique microbiota, our understanding of how these microbial communities interact with their human hosts is limited, mostly owing to the lack of isolates to test mechanistic hypotheses. Niche-specific bacterial collections and associated reference genome databases have been instrumental in expanding knowledge of the microbiota of other anatomical sites, such as the gut and oral cavity. RESULTS To facilitate genomic, functional, and experimental analyses of the human bladder microbiota, we present a bladder-specific bacterial isolate reference collection comprising 1134 genomes, primarily from adult females. These genomes were culled from bacterial isolates obtained by a metaculturomic method from bladder urine collected by transurethral catheterization. This bladder-specific bacterial isolate reference collection includes 196 different species, including representatives of major aerobes and facultative anaerobes, as well as some anaerobes. It captures 72.2% of the genera found when re-examining previously published 16S rRNA gene sequencing of 392 adult female bladder urine samples. Comparative genomic analysis finds that the taxonomies and functions of the bladder microbiota share more similarities with the vaginal microbiota than the gut microbiota. Whole-genome phylogenetic and functional analyses of 186 bladder Escherichia coli isolates and 387 gut Escherichia coli isolates support the hypothesis that phylogroup distribution and functions of Escherichia coli strains differ dramatically between these two very different niches. CONCLUSIONS This bladder-specific bacterial isolate reference collection is a unique resource that will enable bladder microbiota research and comparison to isolates from other anatomical sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Du
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
- Present address: Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Mark Khemmani
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Thomas Halverson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Adriana Ene
- Bioinformatics Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Roberto Limeira
- Loyola Genomics Facility, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Lana Tinawi
- Loyola Genomics Facility, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Baylie R Hochstedler-Kramer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Melline Fontes Noronha
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Catherine Putonti
- Bioinformatics Program, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660, USA
| | - Alan J Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
- Loyola Genomics Facility, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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Alshaikh SA, El-Banna T, Sonbol F, Farghali MH. Correlation between antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence determinants in uropathogenic Escherichia coli from Egyptian hospital. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:20. [PMID: 38402146 PMCID: PMC10894499 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the main etiological agent behind community-acquired and hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are among the most prevalent human infections. The management of UPEC infections is becoming increasingly difficult owing to multi-drug resistance, biofilm formation, and the possession of an extensive virulence arsenal. This study aims to characterize UPEC isolates in Tanta, Egypt, with regard to their antimicrobial resistance, phylogenetic profile, biofilm formation, and virulence, as well as the potential associations among these factors. METHODS One hundred UPEC isolates were obtained from UTI patients in Tanta, Egypt. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer method. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) production was screened using the double disk synergy test and confirmed with PCR. Biofilm formation was evaluated using the microtiter-plate assay and microscopy-based techniques. The phylogenetic groups of the isolates were determined. The hemolytic activity, motility, siderophore production, and serum resistance of the isolates were also evaluated. The clonal relatedness of the isolates was assessed using ERIC-PCR. RESULTS Isolates displayed elevated resistance to cephalosporins (90-43%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (63%), and ciprofloxacin (53%). Ninety percent of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR)/ extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and 67% produced ESBLs. Notably, there was an inverse correlation between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance, and 31%, 29%, 32%, and 8% of the isolates were strong, moderate, weak, and non-biofilm producers, respectively. Beta-hemolysis, motility, siderophore production, and serum resistance were detected in 64%, 84%, 65%, and 11% of the isolates, respectively. Siderophore production was correlated to resistance to multiple antibiotics, while hemolysis was more prevalent in susceptible isolates and associated with stronger biofilms. Phylogroups B2 and D predominated, with lower resistance and stronger biofilms in group B2. ERIC-PCR revealed considerable diversity among the isolates. CONCLUSION This research highlights the dissemination of resistance in UPEC in Tanta, Egypt. The evident correlation between biofilm and resistance suggests a resistance cost on bacterial cells; and that isolates with lower resistance may rely on biofilms to enhance their survival. This emphasizes the importance of considering biofilm formation ability during the treatment of UPEC infections to avoid therapeutic failure and/or infection recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Alshaikh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt.
| | - Tarek El-Banna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
| | - Fatma Sonbol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H Farghali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
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Talieh Mostaghimi, Pournajaf A, Bijani A, Mohammadi M, Rajabnia M, Halaji M. Phylogenetic analysis, biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance and relationship between these characteristics in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:327. [PMID: 38393446 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, we examine the prevalence of phylogenetic groups, O-serogroups, adhesin genes, antimicrobial resistance, the level of gene expression associated with biofilm formation, and the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) in UPEC strains isolated from both pediatric and adult patients. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 156 UPEC isolates were collected from UTI patients. ESBL-producing isolates were detected using the double-disc synergy (DDS) method, and biofilm formation was assessed through a microplate assay. The presence of O-serogroups, adhesion factors and resistance genes, including ESBLs and PMQR genes, was detected by PCR, and isolates were categorized into phylogenetic groups using multiplex PCR. Additionally, the quantitative real-time PCR method was also used to determine the expression level of genes related to biofilm. RESULTS During the study period, 50.6% (79/156) of the samples were obtained from children, and 49.4% (77/156) were from adults. The highest rate of resistance was to NA (91.7%), while FM (10.9%) had the lowest rate of antibiotic resistance. In addition, 67.9% (106/156) of UPEC isolates were ESBL producers. Most of UPEC isolates belonged to phylogenetic group B2 (37.1%). This study revealed that blaCTX-M and qnrS are widely distributed among UPEC isolates. The mean expression levels of fimA genes were significantly higher in non-biofilm producers than in biofilm producers (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The high antibiotic resistance rates in this study highlight the significance of local resistance monitoring and investigating underlying mechanisms. Our findings indicate the dominance of phylogroup B2 and group D as the prevailing phylogenetic groups. Consequently, it is imperative to investigate the epidemiological aspects and characterize UPEC isolates across diverse regions and time frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talieh Mostaghimi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Biomedical and Microbial Advanced Technologies Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abazar Pournajaf
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Bijani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Pediatric Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rajabnia
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Halaji
- Biomedical and Microbial Advanced Technologies Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Pu L, Li G, Qi B, Li C, Bu P, Li Y, Xu Z, Bai Y, Yin D, Wang J, Xu Y. Prevalence and drug resistance of Escherichia coli among patients with orthopaedic surgical site infections in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102452. [PMID: 37869538 PMCID: PMC10587526 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To summarize current prevalence and drug resistance rate of Escherichia coli (E. coli) among orthopaedic surgical site infections (SSIs) in China from English and Chinese language sources. Online databases were searched to collect related researches. A meta-analysis was performed to analyse prevalence and 95 % confidence interval (CI) of E. coli among patients with orthopedic surgical site infections. Meta-regression analysis was used to investigate the difference in the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli among different subgroups. A total of 52 studies were enrolled into our meta-analysis, with a total of 31,285 strains isolated. The overall E. coli prevalence was 13.4 % (95 % CI 11.6-15.5). Study design (R2 = 8.98) and sample size (R2 = 10.95) might be potential sources of heterogeneity and there were no significant differences in risk of bias (R2 = 0.28), study time (R2 < 0.01), region (R2 = 2.46) and hospital level (R2 = 1.42). E. coli resistance were reported in 43 of the 52 papers. Antimicrobial resistance of E. coli to Ampicillin [87.9 % (95 % CI 83.7-91.1)] before 2015 was higher than that after 2015 [80.3 % (95 % CI 75.0-84.7)] (R2 = 30.93, P = 0.033). While, resistance rate to Cefepime and Amikacin was significantly higher before 2015 (R2 = 17.25 and 6.54, P = 0.043 and 0.048), i.e., 46.4 % (36.3-56.9), 19.9 % (13.8-27.7) and 29.1 % (19.4-41.2), 8.6 % (4.4-16.2) in 2015 and after. It is necessary to carry out long-term monitoring to understand the actual prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli to develop appropriate health care mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqiao Pu
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Gaoming Li
- Centers for Disease Prevention and Control of Central Theater Command of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100042, China
| | - Baochuang Qi
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Chuan Li
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Pengfei Bu
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yapin Li
- Centers for Disease Prevention and Control of Central Theater Command of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100042, China
| | - Ze Xu
- Division of Medical Service, Zhengzhou Joint Logistic Support Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yan Bai
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Dehong Yin
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Centers for Disease Prevention and Control of Central Theater Command of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100042, China
| | - Yongqing Xu
- 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Kunming 650032, China
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Hernández-Chiñas U, Ahumada-Cota RE, Navarro-Ocaña A, Chávez-Berrocal ME, Molina-López J, Rocha-Ramírez LM, Navarro-Cid del Prado A, Eslava CA. Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Escherichia coli strains isolated during a longitudinal follow-up study of chronic urinary tract infections. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1240392. [PMID: 38074750 PMCID: PMC10702777 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1240392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are an important health problem with many cases reported annually, women being the most affected. UTIs are relevant because they can become a recurrent condition, associated with different factors that contribute to the chronicity of the disease (cUTI). cUTI can be classified as persistent (peUTI) when the causative agent is the same each time the infection occurs or as reinfection (reUTI) when the associated microorganism is different. The purpose of this work was to characterize Escherichia coli isolates obtained in two prospective studies of patients with cUTI, to define which of them corresponded to peUTI and which to reUTI. A total of 394 isolates of E. coli were analyzed by agglutination with specific sera, antimicrobial susceptibility by diffusion disc test, and the phylogroups and presence of genes associated with virulence by PCR assays. Additionally, in some characterized strains adherence, invasiveness, and biofilm formation were analyzed by in vitro assays. The results showed that the peUTI strains belonged mainly to the classical UPEC serogroups (O25, O75, O6), were included in the B2 phylogroup, carried a great number of virulence genes, and were adherent, invasive, and biofilm-forming. Meanwhile, reUTI strains showed great diversity of serogroups, belonged mainly in the A phylogroup, and carried fewer virulence genes. Both peUTI and reUTI strains showed extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) profiles in the antimicrobial susceptibility test. In conclusion, it appears that peUTIs are caused principally by classical UPEC strains, while reUTIs are caused by strains that appear to be a part of the common E. coli intestinal biota. Moreover, although both peUTI and reUTI strains presented different serotypes and phylogroups, their antimicrobial resistance profile (XDR and MDR) was similar, confirming the importance of regulating prophylactic treatments and seeking alternatives for the treatment and control of cUTI. Finally, it was possible to establish the features of the E. coli strains responsible for peUTI and reUTI which could be helpful to develop a fast diagnostic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises Hernández-Chiñas
- Research Division, Public Health Department, Peripheral Unit of Basic and Clinical Research in Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- Bacterial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Hemato-Oncology and Research Unit, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo E. Ahumada-Cota
- Bacterial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Hemato-Oncology and Research Unit, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Navarro-Ocaña
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María E. Chávez-Berrocal
- Research Division, Public Health Department, Peripheral Unit of Basic and Clinical Research in Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- Bacterial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Hemato-Oncology and Research Unit, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Molina-López
- Research Division, Public Health Department, Peripheral Unit of Basic and Clinical Research in Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- Bacterial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Hemato-Oncology and Research Unit, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luz M. Rocha-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos A. Eslava
- Research Division, Public Health Department, Peripheral Unit of Basic and Clinical Research in Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
- Bacterial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Hemato-Oncology and Research Unit, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Wang MC, Fan YH, Zhang YZ, Bregente CJB, Lin WH, Chen CA, Lin TP, Kao CY. Characterization of uropathogenic Escherichia coli phylogroups associated with antimicrobial resistance, virulence factor distribution, and virulence-related phenotypes. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 114:105493. [PMID: 37634856 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we compared the characteristics of different uropathogenic Escherichia coli phylogroups. A total of 844 E. coli isolated from urine were enrolled and the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli to 22 antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion test. The distribution of phylogroups and 20 virulence factor genes was determined by PCR. Phenotypes associated with bacterial virulence, including motility, biofilm formation, and the production of curli and siderophore, were examined. Phylogroup B2 was dominant in our isolates (64.8%), followed by phylogroups D (8.6%), B1 (7.8%), F (6.0%), C (4.5%), A (3.1%), untypable (2.8%), E (1.8%), and clade I (0.5%). The prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains was highest in phylogroup C (86.8%), followed by E (80.0%), F (75.0%), and D (71.2%). Moreover, 23.5% of the phylogroup F E. coli were extensively drug-resistant. Phylogroup B2 E. coli had an average of the highest virulence factor genes (10.1 genes/isolate). Compared to phylogroup B2 E. coli, phylogroups F and clade I E. coli had higher motility while phylogroup C E. coli had lower motility. >60% of phylogroups A and C E. coli showed very low curli production. In contrast, 14%, 10%, and 7%, of E. coli in phylogroups F, B2, and E, produced a very high amount of curli, respectively. Surprisingly, phylogroup A E. coli showed the highest virulence to larvae, followed by phylogroups B2 and C. In summary, we first characterized and revealed that the antimicrobial resistance, virulence gene distribution, motility, and curli production, were associated with in E. coli phylogroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Cheng Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Fan
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Carl Jay Ballena Bregente
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-An Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Lin
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yen Kao
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Health Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Microbiota Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Fatima S, Akbar A, Irfan M, Shafee M, Ali A, Ishaq Z, Raza SK, Samad A, Alshahrani MY, Hassan SS. Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli EQ101 UPEC Isolated from UTI Patient in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:7278070. [PMID: 37727279 PMCID: PMC10506881 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7278070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases have been tremendously increasing as the organisms of even normal flora become opportunistic and cause an infection, and Escherichia coli (E. coli EQ101) is one of them. Urinary tract infections are caused by various microorganisms, but Escherichia coli is the primary cause of almost 70%-90% of all UTIs. It has multiple strains, possessing diverse virulence factors, contributing to its pathogenicity. Furthermore, these virulent strains also can cause overlapping pathogenesis by sharing resistance and virulence factors among each other. The current study is aimed at analyzing the genetic variants associated with multi-drug-resistant (MDR) E. coli using the whole genome sequencing platform. The study includes 100 uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) microorganisms obtained from urine samples out of which 44% were multi-drug-resistant (MDR) E. coli. Bacteria have been isolated and antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) was determined by disk diffusion method on the Mueller-Hinton agar plate as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2020, and one isolate has been selected which shows resistance to most of the antibiotics, and that isolate has been analyzed by whole genome sequencing (WGS), accompanied by data and phylogenetic analysis, respectively. Organisms were showing resistance against ampicillin (10 μg), cefixime (5 μg), ceftriaxone (30 μg), nalidixic acid (30 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), and ofloxacin (5 μg) on antimicrobial susceptibility test. WGS were done on selected isolate which identified 25 virulence genes (air, astA, chuA, fyuA, gad, hra, iha, irp2, iss, iucC, iutA, kpsE, kpsMII_K1, lpfA, mchF, ompT, papA_F43, sat, senB, sitA, terC, traT, usp, vat, and yfcV) and seven housekeeping genes (adk, fumC, gyrB, icd, mdh, purA, and recA). Among resistance genes, seven genes (TolC, emrR, evgA, qacEdelta1, H-NS, cpxA, and mdtM) were identified to be involved in antibiotic efflux, three AMR genes (aadA5, mphA, and CTX-M-15) were involved in antibiotic inactivation, and two genes (sul1 and dfrA14) were found to be involved in antibiotic drug replacement. Our data identified antibiotic resistance and virulence genes of the isolate. We suggest further research work to establish region-based resistance profile in comparison with the global resistance pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareen Fatima
- Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Ali Akbar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Charbagh, 19120 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafee
- Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology & Biotechnology (CASVAB), University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Zaara Ishaq
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdul Samad
- Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology & Biotechnology (CASVAB), University of Balochistan, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 9088, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Shah Hassan
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Whelan S, Lucey B, Finn K. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)-Associated Urinary Tract Infections: The Molecular Basis for Challenges to Effective Treatment. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2169. [PMID: 37764013 PMCID: PMC10537683 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections, especially among women and older adults, leading to a significant global healthcare cost burden. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the most common cause and accounts for the majority of community-acquired UTIs. Infection by UPEC can cause discomfort, polyuria, and fever. More serious clinical consequences can result in urosepsis, kidney damage, and death. UPEC is a highly adaptive pathogen which presents significant treatment challenges rooted in a complex interplay of molecular factors that allow UPEC to evade host defences, persist within the urinary tract, and resist antibiotic therapy. This review discusses these factors, which include the key genes responsible for adhesion, toxin production, and iron acquisition. Additionally, it addresses antibiotic resistance mechanisms, including chromosomal gene mutations, antibiotic deactivating enzymes, drug efflux, and the role of mobile genetic elements in their dissemination. Furthermore, we provide a forward-looking analysis of emerging alternative therapies, such as phage therapy, nano-formulations, and interventions based on nanomaterials, as well as vaccines and strategies for immunomodulation. This review underscores the continued need for research into the molecular basis of pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance in the treatment of UPEC, as well as the need for clinically guided treatment of UTIs, particularly in light of the rapid spread of multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Whelan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Brigid Lucey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Karen Finn
- Department of Analytical, Biopharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, Atlantic Technological University Galway City, Dublin Road, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland
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Neyestani Z, Khademi F, Teimourpour R, Amani M, Arzanlou M. Prevalence and mechanisms of ciprofloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from hospitalized patients, healthy carriers, and wastewaters in Iran. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:191. [PMID: 37460988 PMCID: PMC10351176 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of ciprofloxacin resistance among 346 Escherichia coli isolates collected from clinical specimens (n = 82), healthy children (n = 176), municipal wastewater (n = 34), hospital wastewater (n = 33), poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (n = 12) and livestock (n = 9) slaughterhouse wastewater in Iran. METHODS Ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution assay. Phylogroups and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes were identified using PCR. Mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE genes and amino acid alterations were screened through sequencing assay. The effect of efflux pump inhibitor (PAβN) on ciprofloxacin MICs in ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates was investigated using the microdilution method. RESULTS In total, 28.03% of E. coli isolates were phenotypically resistant to ciprofloxacin. Based on sources of isolation, 64.63%, 51.51%, 33.33%, 14.70%, 10.22% and 8.33% of isolates from clinical specimens, hospital wastewater, livestock wastewater, municipal wastewater, healthy children and poultry wastewater were ciprofloxacin-resistant, respectively. Eighty-one point eighty-one percent (Ser-83 → Leu + Asp-87 → Asn; 78.78% and Ser-83 → Leu only; 3.03% (of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates showed missense mutation in GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase, while no amino-acid substitution was noted in the GyrB subunit. DNA sequence analyses of the ParC and ParE subunits of topoisomerase IV exhibited amino-acid changes in 30.30% (Ser-80 → Ile + Glu-84 → Val; 18.18%, Ser-80 → Ile only; 9.10% and Glu-84 → Val only; 3.03%0 (and 15.38% (Ser-458 → Ala) of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates, respectively. The PMQR genes, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrS, qnrB, oqxA, oqxB, and qepA were detected in 43.29%, 74.22%, 9.27%, 14.43%, 30.92% and 1.03% of ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, respectively. No isolate was found to be positive for qnrA and qnrD genes. In isolates harboring the OqxA/B efflux pump, the MIC of ciprofloxacin was reduced twofold in the presence of PAβN, as an efflux pump inhibitor. The phylogroups B2 (48.45%) and A (20.65%) were the most predominant groups identified in ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. CONCLUSIONS This study proved the high incidence of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates in both clinical and non-clinical settings in Iran. Chromosomal gene mutations and PMQR genes were identified in ciprofloxacin resistance among E. coli population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Neyestani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farzad Khademi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Teimourpour
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Amani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohsen Arzanlou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Wu Y, Huang S, Zhang D, Ji H, Ni Y, Zhang X, Dong J, Li B. Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Derived from Food and Humans in Northern Xinjiang, China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:270-278. [PMID: 37379472 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the drug resistance, molecular characteristics, and genetic relationship of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolated from food and human stool samples in northern Xinjiang. From 2015 to 2016, a total of 431 samples (meats and vegetables) were collected from retail markets and supermarkets located in the regions of Urumqi, Shihezi, and Kuitun in Xinjiang, China, and 20 human stool samples from the Shihezi Hospital. The PCR method was used to detect E. coli, and the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli was confirmed using the K-B disk diffusion confirmatory method. The susceptibility to ESBL-producing E. coli was tested by the microdilution broth method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined. PCR was used to detect the resistance and virulence genes of ESBL-producing E. coli, and phylogenetics, plasmid replicon typing, screening of three integrons, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were performed. The results showed that 127 E. coli strains (15 human stool and 112 food samples) were isolated. Out of the 127 E. coli strains, 38 strains (6 human stool and 32 food 34 samples) of ESBL-producing E. coli were identified through screening. These 38 strains showed resistance to cefotaxime (94.74%) and cefepime (94.74%), and were sensitive to meropenem (0.00%). The most detected resistance genes were blaTEM (47.37%), and the most detected virulence genes were fimH (97.73%), ompA (97.73%), hlyE (97.73%), and crl (97.37%). The isolates belonged to phylogroups B1 (42.11%), C (23.68%), and A (21.05%). Among the plasmid replicon subtypes, IncFIB was the main type (42.11%). The integrons detected were of the first type (47.37%) and the third type (26.32%). The 38 E. coli strains had 19 different sequence-type (ST) strains. These 38 strains of ESBL-producing E. coli were analyzed using MLST and STs are varied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Shudi Huang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Donglai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Engineering, Hebei Petroleum Vocational and Technical University, Hebei, China
| | - Hua Ji
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yongqing Ni
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xueling Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Juan Dong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Baokun Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Maniam L, Vellasamy KM, Ong TA, Teh CSJ, Jabar KA, Mariappan V, Narayanan V, Vadivelu J, Pallath V. Genotypic characteristics of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) and asymptomatic bacteriuria-a relational analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15305. [PMID: 37361034 PMCID: PMC10289082 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the predominant agent causing various categories of complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI). Although existing data reveals that UPEC harboured numerous virulence determinants to aid its survival in the urinary tract, the reason behind the occurrence of differences in the clinical severity of uninary tract infections (UTI) demonstrated by the UPEC infection is poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the distribution of virulence determinants and antimicrobial resistance among different phylogroups of UPEC isolated from various clinical categories of cUTI and asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) E. coli isolates. The study will also attempt a relational analysis of the genotypic characteristics of cUTI UPEC and ASB E. coli isolates. Methods A total of 141 UPEC isolates from cUTI and 160 ASB E. coli isolates were obtained from Universiti Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC). Phylogrouping and the occurrence of virulence genes were investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates to different classes of antibiotics was determined using the Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion method. Results The cUTI isolates were distributed differentially among both Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) and non-ExPEC phylogroups. Phylogroup B2 isolates were observed to possess the highest average aggregative virulence score (7.17), a probable representation of the capability to cause severe disease. Approximately 50% of the cUTI isolates tested in this study were multidrug resistant against common antibiotics used to treat UTI. Analysis of the occurrence of virulence genes among different cUTI categories demonstrated that UPEC isolates of pyelonephritis and urosepsis were highly virulent and had the highest average aggregative virulence scores of 7.80 and 6.89 respectively, compared to other clinical categories. Relational analysis of the occurrence of phylogroups and virulence determinants of UPEC and ASB E. coli isolates showed that 46.1% of UPEC and 34.3% of ASB E. coli from both categories were distributed in phylogroup B2 and had the highest average aggregative virulence score of 7.17 and 5.37, respectively. The data suggest that UPEC isolates which carry virulence genes from all four virulence genes groups studied (adhesions, iron uptake systems, toxins and capsule synthesis) and isolates from phylogroup B2 specifically could predispose to severe UTI involving the upper urinary tract. Therefore, specific analysis of the genotypic characteristics of UPEC could be further explored by incorporating the combination of virulence genes as a prognostic marker for predicting disease severity, in an attempt to propose a more evidence driven treatment decision-making for all UTI patients. This will go a long way in enhancing favourable therapeutic outcomes and reducing the antimicrobial resistance burden among UTI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha Maniam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kumutha Malar Vellasamy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teng Aik Ong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cindy Shuan Ju Teh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kartini Abdul Jabar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vanitha Mariappan
- Centre of Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vallikkannu Narayanan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamuna Vadivelu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vinod Pallath
- Medical Education Research and Development Unit (MERDU), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Morales G, Abelson B, Reasoner S, Miller J, Earl AM, Hadjifrangiskou M, Schmitz J. The Role of Mobile Genetic Elements in Virulence Factor Carriage from Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Cases of Escherichia coli Bacteriuria. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0471022. [PMID: 37195213 PMCID: PMC10269530 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04710-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is extremely diverse genotypically and phenotypically. Individual strains can variably carry diverse virulence factors, making it challenging to define a molecular signature for this pathotype. For many bacterial pathogens, mobile genetic elements (MGEs) constitute a major mechanism of virulence factor acquisition. For urinary E. coli, the total distribution of MGEs and their role in the acquisition of virulence factors is not well defined, including in the context of symptomatic infection versus asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB). In this work, we characterized 151 isolates of E. coli, derived from patients with either urinary tract infection (UTI) or ASB. For both sets of E. coli, we catalogued the presence of plasmids, prophage, and transposons. We analyzed MGE sequences for the presence of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes. These MGEs were associated with only ~4% of total virulence associated genes, while plasmids contributed to ~15% of antimicrobial resistance genes under consideration. Our analyses suggests that, across strains of E. coli, MGEs are not a prominent driver of urinary tract pathogenesis and symptomatic infection. IMPORTANCE Escherichia coli is the most common etiological agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs), with UTI-associated strains designated "uropathogenic" E. coli or UPEC. Across urinary strains of E. coli, the global landscape of MGEs and its relationship to virulence factor carriage and clinical symptomatology require greater clarity. Here, we demonstrate that many of the putative virulence factors of UPEC are not associated with acquisition due to MGEs. The current work enhances our understanding of the strain-to-strain variability and pathogenic potential of urine-associated E. coli and points toward more subtle genomic differences distinguishing ASB from UTI isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Morales
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Benjamin Abelson
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Seth Reasoner
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jordan Miller
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ashlee M. Earl
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Hadjifrangiskou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jonathan Schmitz
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Ramatla T, Ramaili T, Lekota KE, Ndou R, Mphuti N, Bezuidenhout C, Thekisoe O. A systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolated from water in africa (2000-2021). Heliyon 2023; 9:e16123. [PMID: 37274713 PMCID: PMC10238873 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Water is essential for the survival of humans, animals and plants. Numerous research has been conducted on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in water from various African countries, however, there is lack of comprehensive analysis of published literature. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines where articles published in English language between January 2000 and March 2022 were searched from ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, African Journal Online (AJO), and Africa Index Medicus (AIM). Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) Ver 3.0 software was used to analyze the data. The pooled prevalence estimate (PPE) with 95% confidence interval was calculated using the random-effects model (CI). The overall PPE and antimicrobial resistance trends of E. coli isolated from water was screened from 4009 isolates which were isolated from 2586 samples. We extracted data from 17 studies including drinking water (n = 6), rivers (n = 5), wastewaters (n = 4) and wastewater/river (n = 1) which are all covering 27 countries in Africa with 3438 isolates. The PPE of E. coli in water was 71.7% (0.717; 95% CI: 0.562-0.833). The highest PPE antibiotic resistance was against penicillin followed by erythromycin, and ampicilin with resistance rates of 93.4%, 92.3%, and 69.4%, respectively. This systematic review provides critical evidence of E. coli consolidated prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles, as well as regions where future studies and enhanced reporting could be beneficial in the African continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsepo Ramatla
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Taole Ramaili
- Department of Animal Health, School of Agriculture, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Kgaugelo E. Lekota
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Rendani Ndou
- Department of Animal Health, School of Agriculture, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Nthabiseng Mphuti
- Department of Animal Health, School of Agriculture, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Carlos Bezuidenhout
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
| | - Oriel Thekisoe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2531, South Africa
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22
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Aziz I, Noreen Z, Ijaz UZ, Gundogdu O, Hamid MH, Muhammad N, Khan A, Bokhari H. A prospective study on linking diarrheagenic E. coli with stunted childhood growth in relation to gut microbiome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6802. [PMID: 37185286 PMCID: PMC10133260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stunted growth is an emerging global challenge affecting children under the age of 5 years in low- and middle-income countries. Despite such a high global prevalence of stunting, the mechanism of pathogenesis and the role of associated gut microbiota is poorly understood. The present study was designed to investigate the association of pathogenic strains of E. coli with the residential gut microbiota of stunted growth children. A total of 64 stool sample were collected from children aged ≤ 5 years, and were processed for isolation and molecular characterization of diarrheagenic E. coli. Selected stool samples (n = 39 including three normal controls) were then analysed for microbial community profiling using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. Furthermore, associations between changes in the microbiota in the presence of different E. coli strains was explored. Pathotyping of the isolated E. coli (n = 64) has shown that 39.68% belonged to one of the five pathotypes of E. coli whilst the remaining ones were non-typeable. Amongst the different pathotypes, EPEC was found to be the most prevalent (52%; n = 13), followed by EAEC (20%; n = 5), EIEC (12%; n = 3), EHEC (8%; n = 2) and ETEC 2 (8%; n = 2). Phylogrouping analysis has shown that majority of the strains belonged to B2 (28.12%). Microbial diversity is shown to be significant and varied when the samples are organized under the recovered phylogroups. Moreover, based on predictive metabolism, the colonization of these strains were found to be significantly associated with energy utilization pathways such as Denovoprine-2 and glyoxylate-by. Differential analysis has shown that Escherichia-Shigella and Enterococcus were altered for the children with stunted growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israr Aziz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zobia Noreen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ozan Gundogdu
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Muhammad Haroon Hamid
- Department of Pediatrics/Department of Preventive Pediatrics, Mayo Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nazir Muhammad
- Department of Pediatrics/Department of Preventive Pediatrics, Mayo Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Khan
- Paediatric Unit, Saidu Teaching Hospitals, Swat, Saidu Sharif, Pakistan
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- Department of Biosciences, Kohsar University, Murree, Pakistan.
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23
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Afsharikhah S, Ghanbarpour R, Mohseni P, Adib N, Bagheri M, Jajarmi M. High prevalence of β-lactam and fluoroquinolone resistance in various phylotypes of Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections in Jiroft city, Iran. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:114. [PMID: 37087426 PMCID: PMC10122366 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases with worldwide health threatening. Antimicrobial resistant strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) are a common cause of UTI which were identified as a treatment challenge. This study aimed to assay the prevalence of common β-lactam resistance genes including blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M and blaCMY and phenotypic resistance to commonly used β-lactam and fluoroquinolone antibiotics in UTIs. These factors were evaluated in various phylogenetic groups (phylotypes) of E. coli isolates. Real-time PCR was applied to detect β-lactam resistance genes and conventional PCR was used to determine the phylotypes. Phenotypic resistance against β-lactams (ceftazidime, cefotaxime, aztreonam and ceftriaxone) and fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) were identified by the disc diffusion technique. The ability of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) production in E. coli isolates was detected using the combined disc diffusion method. RESULTS The prevalence of resistance genes were 89.6% for blaTEM, 44.3% for blaCTX-M, 6.6% for blaSHV and 0.9% for blaCMY. The two high prevalent phylotypes were B2 (29.2%) and D (17.9%) followed by E (14.1%), F (9.4%), C (6.6%) and 10.3% of isolates were unknown in phylotyping. Disc diffusion results showed high prevalence of antibiotic resistance to cefotaxime (88.6%), aztreonam (83%), ceftireaxon (77.3%), ceftazidime (76.4%) and ciprofloxacin (55.6%). Totally, 52.8% of isolates were found as phenotypical ESBL-producers. CONCLUSIONS This study's results confirmed an explosion of antibiotic resistance amongst E. coli isolates from UTI against β-lactams and fluoroquinolones. Findings explain the necessity of deep changes in quantity and quality of drug resistance diagnosis and antibiotic therapy strategies. More studies are suggested to better and confident evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Afsharikhah
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Ghanbarpour
- Molecular Microbiology Research Group, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Parvin Mohseni
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nasrin Adib
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahboube Bagheri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Bardsir Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maziar Jajarmi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
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Kao CY, Zhang YZ, Yang DC, Chen PK, Teng CH, Lin WH, Wang MC. Characterization of host and escherichia coli strains causing recurrent urinary tract infections based on molecular typing. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:90. [PMID: 36997841 PMCID: PMC10061793 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escherichia coli is the leading pathogen responsible for urinary tract infection (UTI) and recurrent UTI (RUTI). Few studies have dealt with the characterization of host and bacteria in RUTI caused by E. coli with genetically identical or different strains. This study aimed to investigate the host and bacterial characteristics of E. coli RUTI based on molecular typing. RESULTS Patients aged 20 years or above who presented with symptoms of UTI in emergency department or outpatient clinics between August 2009 and December 2010 were enrolled. RUTI was defined as patients had 2 or more infections in 6 months or 3 or more in 12 months during the study period. Host factors (including age, gender, anatomical/functional defect, and immune dysfunction) and bacterial factors (including phylogenicity, virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistance) were included for analysis. There were 41 patients (41%) with 91 episodes of E. coli RUTI with highly related PFGE (HRPFGE) pattern (pattern similarity > 85%) and 58 (59%) patients with 137 episodes of E. coli RUTI with different molecular typing (DMT) pattern, respectively. There was a higher prevalence of phylogenetic group B2 and neuA and usp genes in HRPFGE group if the first episode of RUTI caused by HRPFGE E. coli strains and all episodes of RUTI caused by DMT E. coli strains were included for comparison. The uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains in RUTI were more virulent in female gender, age < 20 years, neither anatomical/ functional defect nor immune dysfunction, and phylogenetic group B2. There were correlations among prior antibiotic therapy within 3 months and subsequent antimicrobial resistance in HRPFGE E. coli RUTI. The use of fluoroquinolones was more likely associated with subsequent antimicrobial resistance in most types of antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the uropathogens in RUTI were more virulent in genetically highly-related E. coli strains. Higher bacterial virulence in young age group (< 20 years) and patients with neither anatomical/functional defect nor immune dysfunction suggests that virulent UPEC strains are needed for the development of RUTI in healthy populations. Prior antibiotic therapy, especially the fluoroquinolones, within 3 months could induce subsequent antimicrobial resistance in genetically highly-related E. coli RUTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yen Kao
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chi Yang
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pek Kee Chen
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hao Teng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, University Road, Tainan City, 701, Taiwan.
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25
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Prendergast DM, Slowey R, Burgess CM, Murphy D, Johnston D, Morris D, O’ Doherty Á, Moriarty J, Gutierrez M. Characterization of cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistant Enterobacterales from Irish farm waste by whole genome sequencing. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1118264. [PMID: 37032887 PMCID: PMC10073600 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1118264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Enterobacterales are a group of Gram-negative bacteria frequently exhibiting extended antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and involved in the transmission of resistance genes to other bacterial species present in the same environment. Due to their impact on human health and the paucity of new antibiotics, the World Health Organization (WHO) categorized carbapenem resistant and ESBL-producing as critical. Enterobacterales are ubiquitous and the role of the environment in the transmission of AMR organisms or antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) must be examined in tackling AMR in both humans and animals under the one health approach. Animal manure is recognized as an important source of AMR bacteria entering the environment, in which resistant genes can accumulate. Methods To gain a better understanding of the dissemination of third generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistance genes between isolates in the environment, we applied whole genome sequencing (WGS) to Enterobacterales (79 E. coli, 1 Enterobacter cloacae, 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 1 Citrobacter gillenii) isolated from farm effluents in Ireland before (n = 72) and after (n = 10) treatment by integrated constructed wetlands (ICWs). DNA was extracted using the MagNA Pure 96 system (Roche Diagnostics, Rotkreuz, Switzerland) followed by WGS on a MiSeq platform (Illumina, Eindhoven, Netherlands) using v3 chemistry as 300-cycle paired-end runs. AMR genes and point mutations were identified and compared to the phenotypic results for better understanding of the mechanisms of resistance and resistance transmission. Results A wide variety of cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistance genes (mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and chromosomal mutations) were identified among isolates that mostly explained the phenotypic AMR patterns. A total of 31 plasmid replicon types were identified among the 82 isolates, with a subset of them (n = 24), identified in E. coli isolates. Five plasmid replicons were confined to the Enterobacter cloacae isolate and two were confined to the Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate. Virulence genes associated with functions including stress, survival, regulation, iron uptake secretion systems, invasion, adherence and toxin production were identified. Conclusion Our study showed that antimicrobial resistant organisms (AROs) can persist even following wastewater treatment and could transmit AMR of clinical relevance to the environment and ultimately pose a risk to human or animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre M. Prendergast
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Deirdre M. Prendergast,
| | - Rosemarie Slowey
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | | | - Declan Murphy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Dayle Johnston
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Dearbháile Morris
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Ecology Group, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Áine O’ Doherty
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - John Moriarty
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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Li C, Chen X, Ju Z, Li C, Xu Y, Ding J, Wang Y, Ma P, Gu K, Lei C, Tang Y, Wang H. Comparative Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationships and Virulence Factor Characteristics between Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates Derived from Clinical Sites and Chicken Farms. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0255722. [PMID: 36374015 PMCID: PMC9769871 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02557-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria is the most urgent global threat to public health, with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E. coli) being one of the most documented examples. Nonetheless, the ESBL-E. coli transmission relationship among clinical sites and chicken farms remains unclear. Here, 408 ESBL-E. coli strains were isolated from hospitals and chicken farms in Sichuan Province and Yunnan Province in 2021. We detected blaCTX-M genes in 337 (82.62%) ESBL-E. coli strains. Although the isolation rate, prevalent sequence type (ST) subtypes, and blaCTX-M gene subtypes of ESBL-E. coli varied based on regions and sources, a few strains of CTX-ESBL-E. coli derived from clinical sites and chicken farms in Sichuan Province displayed high genetic similarity. This indicates a risk of ESBL-E. coli transmission from chickens to humans. Moreover, we found that the high-risk clonal strains ST131 and ST1193 primarily carried blaCTX-M-27. This indicates that drug-resistant E. coli from animal and human sources should be monitored. As well, the overuse of β-lactam antibiotics should be avoided in poultry farms to ensure public health and build an effective regulatory mechanism of "farm to fork" under a One Health perspective. IMPORTANCE Bacterial drug resistance has become one of the most significant threats to human health worldwide, especially for extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli (ESBL-E. coli). Timely and accurate epidemiological surveys can provide scientific guidance for the adoption of treatments in different regions and also reduce the formation of drug-resistant bacteria. Our study showed that the subtypes of ESBL-E. coli strains prevalent in different provinces are somewhat different, so it is necessary to individualize treatment regimens in different regions, and it is especially important to limit and reduce antibiotic use in poultry farming since chicken-derived ESBL-E. coli serves as an important reservoir of drug resistance genes and has the potential to spread to humans, thus posing a threat to human health. The use of antibiotics in poultry farming should be particularly limited and reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zijing Ju
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cui Li
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiawei Ding
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Yan’an Hospital Affiliated with Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Ma
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kui Gu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changwei Lei
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yizhi Tang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongning Wang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Kudinha T, Kong F. Possible step-up in prevalence for Escherichia coli ST131 from fecal to clinical isolates: inferred virulence potential comparative studies within phylogenetic group B2. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:78. [PMID: 36207707 PMCID: PMC9547475 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Escherichia coli sequence type (ST)131 is an important urinary tract pathogen, and is responsible for considerable healthcare-associated problems and costs worldwide. A better understanding of the factors that contribute to its rapid worldwide spread may help in arresting its continual spread. We studied a large collection of fecal and urinary E. coli ST131 and E. coli non-ST131 phylogenetic group B2 isolates, from women, men and children, in regional NSW, Australia. Results We found out that there was a step up in ST131 prevalence (and possibly in virulence) from fecal to clinical (urinary) isolates in general, and specifically among ciprofloxacin resistant isolates, in the 3 host groups. Furthermore, our results revealed that the inferred virulence potential of the ST131 isolates (as measured by VF gene scores) was much higher than that of non-ST131 phylogenetic group B2 isolates, and this was much more pronounced amongst the urinary isolates. This finding suggests presence of possible E. coli phylogenetic B2 subgroups with varying levels of virulence, with ST131 being much more virulent compared to others. A strong association between ST131 and fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance was also demonstrated, suggesting that FQ use is related to ST131 emergence and spread. Specifically, about 77% of ST131 isolates from women and men, and 47% from children, were extended spectrum β- lactamase (ESBL) producers. Moreover, FQ resistant ST131 ESBL isolates on average harbored more VF genes than all other isolates. Conclusions The strong association between ST131 prevalence and FQ resistance amongst the studied isolates suggests that FQ use is related to ST131 emergence and spread. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that FQ resistance and a plurality of VF genes can exist together in ST131, something that has traditionally been regarded as being inversely related. This may partly contribute to the emergence and worldwide spread of ST131. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00862-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Kudinha
- NSW Health Pathology, Regional and Rural, Orange Hospital, Orange, NSW, Australia. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Leeds Parade, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia.
| | - Fanrong Kong
- NSW Health Pathology, CIDMLS, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
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Shi N, Kang J, Wang S, Song Y, Yin D, Li X, Guo Q, Duan J, Zhang S. Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infection and Risk Factors Associated with Mortality and Drug Resistance: A Retrospective Study from Shanxi, China. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:3561-3578. [PMID: 35833010 PMCID: PMC9271686 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s370326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological of gram-negative bloodstream infection (GNBSI) and establish a risk prediction model for mortality and acquiring multidrug resistant (MDR), the extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing and carbapenem-resistant (CR) GNBSI. Methods This retrospective study covered five years from January 2015 to December 2019. Data were obtained from Hospital Information System (HIS) and microbiology department records. The risk factors for mortality and acquiring MDR, ESBLs-producing and CR GNBSI were analyzed by univariable and multivariable analysis. Results A total of 1018 GNBSI cases were collected. A majority of GNBSI patients were in hematology ward (23.77%). There were 38.61% patients who were assigned in the 41–60 age group. Escherichia coli was the most common gram-negative organism (49.90%). Among isolates of GNBSI, 40.47% were found to be MDR strains, 34.09% were found to be ESBLs-producing strains and 7.06% were found to be CR strains. Escherichia coli was the most common MDR (71.36%) and ESBLs-producing strain (77.81%). Acinetobacter baumannii was the most common CR isolate (46.15%). Multivariate analysis indicated that diabetes mellitus, solid organ tumor, non-fermentative bacteria, MDR strain, central venous cannula, urinary catheter, therapy with carbapenems or tigecycline prior 30 days of infection were independent mortality risk factors for GNBSIs. Over all, therapy with tigecycline prior 30 days of infection was the mutual predictor for mortality of GNBSI, acquiring MDR, ESBLs-producing and CR GNBSI (OR, 8.221, OR, 3.963, OR, 3.588, OR, 9.222, respectively, all p < 0.001). Conclusion Collectively, our study implies that patients who were diagnosed as GNBSI had a younger age. Therapy with tigecycline was the mutual and paramount predictor for mortality of GNBSI, acquiring MDR, ESBLs-producing and CR GNBSI. Our investigation had provided a theoretical basis for the use of antibiotics and prevention and control of hospital infection in our region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbang Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Donghong Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinju Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jinju Duan; Shuqiu Zhang, Email ; ;
| | - Shuqiu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
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Gantasala E, Bhat S, Saralaya V, Jayaram M, Udayalaxmi J. Genotypic and Phenotypic Expression of Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:3991-3999. [PMID: 35924024 PMCID: PMC9341051 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s362445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Gantasala
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sevitha Bhat
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vishwas Saralaya
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Madhumitha Jayaram
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jeppu Udayalaxmi
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Correspondence: Jeppu Udayalaxmi, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India, Tel +91 824-2423452, Email
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Nasrollahian S, Halaji M, Hosseini A, Teimourian M, Armaki MT, Rajabnia M, Gholinia H, Pournajaf A. Genetic Diversity, Carbapenem Resistance Genes, and Biofilm Formation in UPEC Isolated from Patients with Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in North of Iran. Int J Clin Pract 2022; 2022:9520362. [PMID: 36187911 PMCID: PMC9507725 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9520362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are associated in patients with urinary catheters alarming rate of emergency status. The aim of this study is to investigate the molecular causes of carbapenem resistance among UPEC as well as antimicrobial resistance trends. Additionally, the potential of isolates to produce biofilms, in addition to their clonal and genetic diversity, was investigated. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was accomplished on a collection of 76 non-duplicate UPEC isolates obtained from CAUTIs from May 2021 to September 2021. The modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) and EDTA-modified carbapenem inactivation method (eCIM) test was performed for the detection of carbapenemase and metallo-beta-lactamase activity. Also, the presence of carbapenemase genes was determined using PCR assays. In 96-well microtiter plates, biofilm development was evaluated. ERIC-PCR was used to investigate the clonal and genetic variety of isolates. RESULTS A total of 76 confirmed UPEC isolates were obtained from patients mentioned to teaching hospitals in Babol, Iran. The results of antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed a high rate of antibiotic resistance against nalidixic acid (81.6%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (80.3%). Among UPEC isolates, 63.2% and 13.2% of UPEC isolates were positive for MBL production. The frequencies of the studied genes are in order of bla NDM (14.5%), bla OXA-23 (2.6%), and bla OXA-48 (2.6%). Forty-two isolates (55.3%) were positive for biofilm formation. ERIC-PCR revealed that UPEC isolates could be categorized into nine clusters A-I and five isolates were categorized as a singleton. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of MDR and carbapenemase-producing isolates among the UPEC strain in this investigation is concerning. Moreover, the bla NDM was the most frequent cause of producing metallo-beta-lactamase and carbapenemase. Also, analysis revealed a partial genetic similarity among the studied isolates, indicating that the same UPEC clones may have spread to other hospital units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Nasrollahian
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Halaji
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Akramasadat Hosseini
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Teimourian
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Taghizadeh Armaki
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rajabnia
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hemmat Gholinia
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abazar Pournajaf
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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