1
|
Zhao L, Li J. Microglial uptake of hADSCs-Exo mitigates neuroinflammation in ICH. Cell Signal 2024; 119:111146. [PMID: 38499232 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with secondary neuroinflammation, leading to severe central nervous system damage. Exosomes derived from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs-Exo) have shown potential therapeutic effects in regulating inflammatory responses in ICH. This study aims to investigate the role of hADSCs-Exo in ICH and its underlying mechanism involving miRNA-mediated regulation of formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1). Flow cytometry was used to identify hADSCs and extract exosomes. Transmission electron microscopy and Western blot were performed to confirm the characteristics of the exosomes. In vitro experiments were conducted to explore the uptake of hADSCs-Exo by microglia cells and their impact on inflammatory responses. In vivo, an ICH mouse model was established, and the therapeutic effects of hADSCs-Exo were evaluated through neurological function scoring, histological staining, and immunofluorescence. Bioinformatics tools and experimental validation were employed to identify miRNAs targeting FPR1. hADSCs-Exo were efficiently taken up by microglia cells and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the release of inflammatory factors and promoting M1 to M2 transition. In the ICH mouse model, hADSCs-Exo significantly improved neurological function, reduced hemorrhage volume, decreased neuronal apoptosis, and regulated microglia polarization. miR-342-3p was identified as a potential regulator of FPR1 involved in the neuroprotective effects of hADSCs-Exo in ICH. hADSCs-Exo alleviate neuroinflammation in ICH through miR-342-3p-dependent targeting of FPR1, providing a new therapeutic strategy for ICH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanqing Zhao
- Department of Sleep Medicine Center, The Shengjing Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jinwei Li
- Department of Neurology/Stroke Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bao Y, Zhu L, Wang Y, Liu J, Liu Z, Li Z, Zhou A, Wu H. Gualou-Xiebai herb pair and its active ingredients act against atherosclerosis by suppressing VSMC-derived foam cell formation via regulating P2RY12-mediated lipophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155341. [PMID: 38518636 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic disease characterized by lipid accumulation in the aortic wall and the formation of foam cells overloaded with large lipids inclusions. Currently, Western medicine is primarily used to improve lipid metabolism disorders and reduce inflammatory reactions to delay AS progression, but these medicines come with serious side effects and drug resistance. Gualou-Xiebai (GLXB) is a renowned herb pair that has been proven effective against AS. However, the potential molecular mechanism through which GLXB exerts the anti-atherosclerotic effects of increasing lipophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) remains unknown. PURPOSE This study aims to explore the role of lipophagy and the therapeutic mechanism of GLXB in AS. METHODS UPLC-Q-TOF-MS for the determination of the main components of GLXB-containing serum. An AS mouse model was established by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) to ApoE-/- mice for 12 weeks. Ultrasonography monitoring was used to confirm the successful establishment of the AS model. Plaque areas and lipid deposition were evaluated using HE staining and aorta imagingafter GLXB treatment. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were utilized to observe the P2RY12 and lipophagy levels in AS mice. VSMCs were stimulated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to induce foam cell formation. The degree of lipophagy and the related molecular mechanisms were assessed after treating the VSMCs with GLXB-containing serum or si-P2RY12 transfection. The active components of GLXB-containing serum that act on P2RY12 were screened and verified by molecular docking and dual-luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS Seventeen components of GLXB were identified in rat serum by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. GLXB significantly reduced lipid deposition in HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice and ox-LDL-induced VSMCs. GLXB strikingly increased lipophagy levels by downregulating P2RY12, p62, and plin2, upregulating LC3Ⅱ protein expression, and increasing the number of autophagosomes. Notably, the lipophagy inhibitor CQ and the P2RY12 receptor agonist ADPβ abolished the GLXB-induced increase in lipophagy. Last, we confirmed that albiflorin, apigenin, luteolin, kaempferol, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, and hesperetin from GLXB significantly inhibited P2RY12. CONCLUSION GLXB activates lipophagy and inhibits lipid accumulation-associated VSMC-derived foam cell formation through suppressing P2RY12 activation, resulting in anti-atherosclerotic effects. The GLXB components albiflorin, apigenin, luteolin, kaempferol, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, and hesperetin are the potential active effectors against P2RY12.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Foam Cells/drug effects
- Foam Cells/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Rats
- Disease Models, Animal
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Aorta/drug effects
- Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youli Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; The Experimental Research Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Li Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; The Experimental Research Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; The Experimental Research Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; The Experimental Research Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Zijian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; The Experimental Research Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Zhenglong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; The Experimental Research Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - An Zhou
- The Experimental Research Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Hongfei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; The Experimental Research Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brandes F, Meidert AS, Kirchner B, Yu M, Gebhardt S, Steinlein OK, Dolch ME, Rantner B, Tsilimparis N, Schelling G, Pfaffl MW, Reithmair M. Identification of microRNA biomarkers simultaneously expressed in circulating extracellular vesicles and atherosclerotic plaques. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1307832. [PMID: 38725837 PMCID: PMC11079260 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1307832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is a widespread disorder of the cardiovascular system. The early detection of plaques by circulating biomarkers is highly clinically relevant to prevent the occurrence of major complications such as stroke or heart attacks. It is known that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important in intercellular communication in atherosclerotic disorders and carry many components of their cells of origin, including microRNAs (miRNAs). In this study, we test the assumption that miRNAs present in material acquired from plaques in patients undergoing surgery for atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis are also expressed in circulating EVs obtained from the identical patients. This would allow the adoption of a liquid biopsy approach for the detection of plaques. Methods We studied 22 surgical patients with atherosclerotic carotid arterial stenosis and 28 healthy controls. EVs were isolated from serum by precipitation. miRNA expression profiles of serum-derived EVs were obtained by small RNA sequencing and in plaque material simultaneously acquired from patients. A comparative analysis was performed to identify circulating atherosclerosis-associated miRNAs that are also detectable in plaques. Results Seven miRNAs were found to be differentially regulated in patient serum compared with the serum of healthy controls. Of these, miR-193b-5p, miR-193a-5p, and miR-125a-3p were significantly upregulated in patients compared with that in healthy controls and present in both, circulating EVs and plaque material. An overrepresentation analysis of experimentally validated mRNA targets revealed an increased regulation of inflammation and vascular growth factors, key players in atherosclerosis and plaque formation. Conclusion Our findings suggest that circulating EVs reflect plaque development in patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, which can serve as biomarker candidates for detecting the presence of atherosclerotic plaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Brandes
- Department of Anesthesiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Agnes S. Meidert
- Department of Anesthesiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kirchner
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mia Yu
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sonja Gebhardt
- Department of Anaesthesiology, InnKlinikum Altötting, Altötting, Germany
| | - Ortrud K. Steinlein
- Institute of Human Genetics, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael E. Dolch
- Department of Anaesthesiology, InnKlinikum Altötting, Altötting, Germany
| | - Barbara Rantner
- Department of Vascular Surgery, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Tsilimparis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gustav Schelling
- Department of Anesthesiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Marlene Reithmair
- Institute of Human Genetics, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Casper E. The crosstalk between Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways in coronary artery disease: Can it be regulated by SIRT6? Life Sci 2023; 330:122007. [PMID: 37544377 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation are major mechanisms responsible for the progression of CAD. Nuclear transcription factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that modulates the cellular redox status. Nrf2 upregulation increases the expression of antioxidant genes, decreases the expression of Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), and increases free radical metabolism. Activated NF-kB increases the production of inflammatory cytokines causing endothelial dysfunction. The two pathways of Nrf2 and NF-kB can regulate the expression of each other. Foremost, the Nrf2 pathway can decrease the level of active NF-κB by increasing the level of antioxidants and cytoprotective enzymes. Furthermore, the Nrf2 pathway prevents IκB-α degradation, an inhibitor of NF-kB, and thus inhibits NF-κB mediated transcription. Also, NF-kB transcription inhibits Nrf2 activation by reducing the antioxidant response element (ARE) transcription. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a member of the Sirtuins family that was found to protect against cardiovascular diseases. SIRT6 can suppress the production of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) through deacetylation of NRF2 which results in NRF2 activation. Furthermore, SIRT6 can inhibit the inflammatory process through the downregulation of NF-kB transcription. Therefore, targeting sirtuins could be a therapeutic strategy to treat CAD. This review describes the potential role of SIRT6 in regulating the crosstalk between NRF2 and NF-kB signaling pathways in CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Casper
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu F, Duan Y, Liu C, Huang H, Xiao X, He Z. Extracellular vesicles in atherosclerosis and vascular calcification: the versatile non-coding RNAs from endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1193660. [PMID: 37469665 PMCID: PMC10352799 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1193660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is characterized by the accumulation of lipids, fibrous elements, and calcification in the innermost layers of arteries. Vascular calcification (VC), the deposition of calcium and phosphate within the arterial wall, is an important characteristic of AS natural history. However, medial arterial calcification (MAC) differs from intimal calcification and cannot simply be explained as the consequence of AS. Endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are directly involved in AS and VC processes. Understanding the communication between ECs and VSMCs is critical in revealing mechanisms underlying AS and VC. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are found as intercellular messengers in kinds of physiological processes and pathological progression. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) encapsulated in EVs are involved in AS and VC, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). The effects of ncRNAs have not been comprehensively understood, especially encapsulated in EVs. Some ncRNAs have demonstrated significant roles in AS and VC, but it remains unclear the functions of the majority ncRNAs detected in EVs. In this review, we summarize ncRNAs encapsulated in EC-EVs and VSMC-EVs, and the signaling pathways that are involved in AS and VC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yingjie Duan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chongmei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yueyang People's Hospital, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangcheng Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhangxiu He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Patel S, Guo MK, Abdul Samad M, Howe KL. Extracellular vesicles as biomarkers and modulators of atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1202187. [PMID: 37304965 PMCID: PMC10250645 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1202187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, lipid bilayer-enclosed structures released by various cell types that play a critical role in intercellular communication. In atherosclerosis, EVs have been implicated in multiple pathophysiological processes, including endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and thrombosis. This review provides an up-to-date overview of our current understanding of the roles of EVs in atherosclerosis, emphasizing their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and their roles in disease pathogenesis. We discuss the different types of EVs involved in atherosclerosis, the diverse cargoes they carry, their mechanisms of action, and the various methods employed for their isolation and analysis. Moreover, we underscore the importance of using relevant animal models and human samples to elucidate the role of EVs in disease pathogenesis. Overall, this review consolidates our current knowledge of EVs in atherosclerosis and highlights their potential as promising targets for disease diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarvatit Patel
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mandy Kunze Guo
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Majed Abdul Samad
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn L. Howe
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Choi YY, Kim A, Lee Y, Lee YH, Park M, Shin E, Park S, Youn B, Seong KM. The miR-126-5p and miR-212-3p in the extracellular vesicles activate monocytes in the early stage of radiation-induced vascular inflammation implicated in atherosclerosis. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12325. [PMID: 37140946 PMCID: PMC10158827 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
People exposed to radiation in cancer therapy and nuclear accidents are at increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes in long-term survivors. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in radiation-induced endothelial dysfunction, but their role in the early stage of vascular inflammation after radiation exposure remains to be fully understood. Herein, we demonstrate that endothelial cell-derived EVs containing miRNAs initiate monocyte activation in radiation-induced vascular inflammation. In vitro co-culture and in vivo experimental data showed that endothelial EVs can be sensitively increased by radiation exposure in a dose-dependent manner, and stimulate monocytes releasing monocytic EVs and adhesion to endothelial cells together with an increase in the expression of genes encoding specific ligands for cell-cell interaction. Small RNA sequencing and transfection using mimics and inhibitors explained that miR-126-5p and miR-212-3p enriched in endothelial EVs initiate vascular inflammation by monocyte activation after radiation exposure. Moreover, miR-126-5p could be detected in the circulating endothelial EVs of radiation-induced atherosclerosis model mice, which was found to be tightly correlated with the atherogenic index of plasma. In summary, our study showed that miR-126-5p and miR-212-3p present in the endothelial EVs mediate the inflammatory signals to activate monocytes in radiation-induced vascular injury. A better understanding of the circulating endothelial EVs content can promote their use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for atherosclerosis after radiation exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Yeon Choi
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Areumnuri Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghyun Lee
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hee Lee
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mineon Park
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunguk Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhoo Park
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Moon Seong
- Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fu X, Liu H, Fan Y, Yuan J. Extracellular vesicle-mediated transfer of lncRNA CLDN10-AS1 aggravates low-density lipoprotein-induced vascular endothelial injury. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:471-485. [PMID: 36250558 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00094.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) stimulation impairs the oxidation-reduction equilibrium in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and contributes to atherosclerosis (AS). This study probed the mechanisms of extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated transfer of lncRNA CLDN10 antisense RNA 1 (CLDN10-AS1) in ox-LDL-induced VEC injury. Initially, VEC injury models were established by treating human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with ox-LDL. EVs were isolated from HUVECs (HUVECs-EVs) and identified. CLDN10-AS1, microRNA (miR)-186, and Yin Yang 1 (YY1) expressions in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs and EVs derived from these cells (ox-EVs) were measured. HUVECs were incubated with EVs, after which the cell viability, apoptosis, and concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers were measured. We discovered that CLDN10-AS1 and YY1 were upregulated in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs, whereas miR-186 was downregulated. ox-EVs treatment elevated CLDN10-AS1 expression in HUVECs and ox-EVs overexpressing CLDN10-AS1 promoted VEC injury. Besides, CLDN10-AS1 is competitively bound to miR-186 and promoted YY1 expression. Rescue experiments revealed that miR-186 overexpression or YY1 suppression partially reversed the roles of ox-EVs overexpressing CLDN10-AS1 in ox-LDL-induced VEC injury. Lastly, clinical serum samples were collected for verification. Overall, CLDN10-AS1 carried by HUVECs-EVs into HUVECs competitively bound to miR-186 to elevate YY1 expression, thereby aggravating ox-LDL-induced VEC injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Fu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yulong Fan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji Yuan
- Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Anaesthesia, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Anaesthesia, Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Curcumin-Primed Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Improve Motor Functional Recovery of Mice with Complete Spinal Cord Injury by Reducing Inflammation and Enhancing Axonal Regeneration. Neurochem Res 2022; 48:1334-1346. [PMID: 36449198 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Transplantation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from stem cells is a feasible scheme for traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). However, there is no relevant report about stem cells derived EVs loaded with curcumin for SCI treatment. Methods Mouse umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MUMSCs) were incubated in the medium containing curcumin (20 µM) for 48 h. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and curcumin-primed EVs (Cur-EVs) were collected by ultracentrifugation. Characterizations of EVs/Cur-EVs were analyzed by western blotting with CD9 and CD81 antibodies, transmission electron microscopy and nano-tracking analysis. Curcumin in the Cur-EVs was analyzed by high performance liquid phase chromatography at 430 nm wavelength. Immunofluorescence and in vivo imaging methods were used to confirm biocompatibility of EVs/Cur-EVs in vitro and in vivo. Mice with complete SCI were treated with EVs/Cur-EVs to compare the differences of locomotor function, inflammation, histological changes and remyelination. Results The isolated EVs and Cur-EVs from MUMSCs have good biocompatibility. Compared with the model mice, the locomotor function, inflammation and axonal regeneration of mice were significantly improved after injection of Cur-EVs/EVs. Furthermore, it is more effective for structural and functional recovery of complete SCI after the Cur-EVs treatment compared with the EVs treatment. In the lesioned regions, the macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype and axonal regeneration were significantly improved in the Cur-EVs group compared with the EVs group. Conclusions Our data suggested that EVs from MUMSCs might be a promising drug delivery vehicle of curcumin for the efficient and biocompatible treatment of severe SCI.
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu A, Pei J, Yang Y, Hua B, Wang J. IL-1β promotes A7r5 and HASMC migration and invasion via the p38-MAPK/Angpt-2 pathway. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:153. [PMID: 35978364 PMCID: PMC9382768 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration, proliferation, and inflammatory factor secretion of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are involved in the important pathological processes of several vascular occlusive diseases, including coronary atherosclerosis (CAS). Interleukin 1β(IL-1β), as a bioactive mediator of VSMC synthesis and secretion, can promote the pathological progress of CAS. In this study, we further explored the underlying molecular mechanisms by which IL-1β regulates VSMC migration, invasion. We pretreated A7r5 and HASMC with IL-1β for 24 h, and measured the expression of IL-1β, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP9) in the cells by Western blotting. Cell migration and invasion ability were measured by Transwell and wound healing assays. Cell viability was measured by an MTT assay. We found that IL-1β upregulated the expression of proliferation-related proteins (PCNA and Cyclin D1) in A7r5 and HASMC, and induces the secretion of MMP2 and MMP9, promotes cell invasion and migration. In addition, in A7r5 and HASMCs treated with IL-1β, the expression of Angiopoietin-2 (Angpt-2) increased in a time-dependent manner, transfection with si-Angpt-2 suppressed cell migration and invasion, with downregulated MMP2 and MMP9 expression. Parallelly, we further found that the p38-MAPK pathway is activated in cells induced by IL-1β, p38-MAPK inhibitors can down-regulate the expression of Angpt-2. Collectively, these data demonstrated that IL-1β promotes A7r5 and HASMC migration and invasion via the p38-MAPK/Angpt-2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anyu Xu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingchun Pei
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunhong Yang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Baotong Hua
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hu L, Zou L, Liu Q, Geng Y, Xu G, Chen L, Pan P, Chen J. Construction of chitosan-based asymmetric antioxidant and anti-inflammatory repair film for acceleration of wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:377-386. [PMID: 35728636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress damage caused by free radicals around the moist microenvironment of wound has been a clinical challenge in skin tissue healing. Here, a novel chitosan-based bioinspired asymmetric wound repair composite (BAWRC) film was designed by facilitated endogenous tissue engineering strategy through layer-by-layer self-assembly technology for accelerated wound healing. The asymmetric characteristics were skillfully reflected by two different functional layers: hydrophilic chitosan (CS)/silk fibroin (SF) repair layer, and a hydrophobic bacteriostatic tea tree oil (TTO) layer with a rough surface. Simultaneously, sodium ascorbate (SA)-entrapped poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres are distributed homogeneously in the hydrophilic layer to induce antioxidant response for skin repair. The distinctive asymmetric structure of BAWRC film endows it with synergistic effects, i.e., protects against the risk of infection from the external environment and facilitates deep skin wound healing. Results show that the minimum inhibition and bactericidal concentration of the BAWRC film were 1.25 and 6.25 mg/mL, respectively, demonstrating good antibacterial properties. The content of biofilm formation was significantly reduced when the concentration of TTO exceeds 5 mg/mL, indicating TTO shows a positive effect on bacteriostasis. In addition, the DPPH rates of BAWRC film were up to 64.7 % after incubation for 12 h, which was ascribed to that the release of SA and TTO as a natural product could accelerate free radical scavenging. The BAWRC film exhibited excellent biocompatibility, and good antibacterial capacity, enhancing adhesion and proliferation of the NIH3T3 cell in vitro, further facilitating the healing of a rat full-thickness skin wounds model. Herein, this versatile asymmetric film possesses great potential for clinical management of wound healing and related soft tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Hu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Yusheng Geng
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Gan Xu
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Panpan Pan
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Jingdi Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li T, Wang B, Ding H, Chen S, Cheng W, Li Y, Wu X, Wang L, Jiang Y, Lu Z, Teng Y, Su S, Han X, Zhao M. Effect of Extracellular Vesicles From Multiple Cells on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:857331. [PMID: 35620296 PMCID: PMC9127356 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.857331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS)-related diseases are still the main cause of death in clinical patients. The phenotype switching, proliferation, migration, and secretion of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have a pivotal role in atherosclerosis. Although numerous research studies have elucidated the role of VSMCs in AS, their potential functional regulations continue to be explored. The formation of AS involves various cells, such as endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. Therefore, intercellular communication of blood vessels cannot be ignored due to closely connected endothelia, media, and adventitia. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as the vectors of cell-to-cell communication, can deliver proteins and nucleic acids of parent cells to the recipient cells. EVs have emerged as being central in intercellular communication and play a vital role in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of AS. This review summarizes the effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from multiple cells (endothelial cells, macrophages, mesenchymal stem cells, etc.) on VSMCs in AS. The key findings of this review are as follows: 1) endothelial cell–derived EVs (EEVs) have anti- or pro-atherogenic effects on VSMCs; 2) macrophage-derived EVs (MEVs) aggravate the proliferation and migration of VSMCs; 3) mesenchymal stem cells can inhibit VSMCs; and 4) the proliferation and migration of VSMCs can be inhibited by the treatment of EVs with atherosclerosis-protective factors and promoted by noxious stimulants. These results suggested that EVs have the same functional properties as treated parent cells, which might provide vital guidance for treating AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baofu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weiting Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Teng
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Su
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowan Han
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li KX, Wang ZC, Machuki JO, Li MZ, Wu YJ, Niu MK, Yu KY, Lu QB, Sun HJ. Benefits of Curcumin in the Vasculature: A Therapeutic Candidate for Vascular Remodeling in Arterial Hypertension and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension? Front Physiol 2022; 13:848867. [PMID: 35530510 PMCID: PMC9075737 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.848867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that hypertension is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality since uncontrolled high blood pressure increases the risk of myocardial infarction, aortic dissection, hemorrhagic stroke, and chronic kidney disease. Impaired vascular homeostasis plays a critical role in the development of hypertension-induced vascular remodeling. Abnormal behaviors of vascular cells are not only a pathological hallmark of hypertensive vascular remodeling, but also an important pathological basis for maintaining reduced vascular compliance in hypertension. Targeting vascular remodeling represents a novel therapeutic approach in hypertension and its cardiovascular complications. Phytochemicals are emerging as candidates with therapeutic effects on numerous pathologies, including hypertension. An increasing number of studies have found that curcumin, a polyphenolic compound derived from dietary spice turmeric, holds a broad spectrum of pharmacological actions, such as antiplatelet, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiangiogenic effects. Curcumin has been shown to prevent or treat vascular remodeling in hypertensive rodents by modulating various signaling pathways. In the present review, we attempt to focus on the current findings and molecular mechanisms of curcumin in the treatment of hypertensive vascular remodeling. In particular, adverse and inconsistent effects of curcumin, as well as some favorable pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics profiles in arterial hypertension will be discussed. Moreover, the recent progress in the preparation of nano-curcumins and their therapeutic potential in hypertension will be briefly recapped. The future research directions and challenges of curcumin in hypertension-related vascular remodeling are also proposed. It is foreseeable that curcumin is likely to be a therapeutic agent for hypertension and vascular remodeling going forwards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xue Li
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zi-Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Meng-Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Kai Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kang-Ying Yu
- Nursing School of Wuxi Taihu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qing-Bo Lu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mato-Basalo R, Lucio-Gallego S, Alarcón-Veleiro C, Sacristán-Santos M, Quintana MDPM, Morente-López M, de Toro FJ, Silva-Fernández L, González-Rodríguez A, Arufe MC, Labora JAF. Action Mechanisms of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammaging. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040546. [PMID: 35455036 PMCID: PMC9028066 DOI: 10.3390/life12040546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation process of proinflammatory components in the body due to aging influences intercellular communication and is known as inflammaging. This biological mechanism relates the development of inflammation to the aging process. Recently, it has been reported that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are mediators in the transmission of paracrine senescence involved in inflammatory aging. For this reason, their components, as well as mechanisms of action of sEVs, are relevant to develop a new therapy called senodrugs (senolytics and senomorphic) that regulates the intercellular communication of inflammaging. In this review, we include the most recent and relevant studies on the role of sEVs in the inflammatory aging process and in age-related diseases such as cancer and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
15
|
Shi Z, He J, He J, Xu Y. Micro-fragmented adipose tissue regulated the biological functions of osteoarthritis synoviocytes by upregulating MiR-92a-3p expression. Tissue Cell 2022; 74:101716. [PMID: 34979377 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Apart from the treatment potential of micro-fragmented adipose tissue (MF) in joint diseases, what's less clear is the mechanism of MF on Osteoarthritis (OA). Synoviocytes isolated from synovium tissues of 11 knee joint OA patients were identified and co-cultured with MF collected by Lipogems®. Cytokines and mRNA levels in synoviocytes were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell viability, apoptosis and apoptosis-related protein expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α)-activated synoviocytes were detected by cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry and western blot, respectively. The rescue experiments were conducted to verify the causal relationship of MF and miR-92a-3p. The relationship between miR-92a-3p and KLHL29 was verified by bioinformatics analysis, qRT-PCR, dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blot. OA synoviocytes were composed of synovial fibroblasts and synovial macrophages. After co-cultivation of synoviocytes and TNF-α, the levels of Interleukin (IL)-8 and hyaluronic acid (HA) appeared a few changes, and those of chemotactic cytokine ligand (CCL) 2, CCL3, CCL5 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9 were downregulated, while the levels of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1, IL-10 and Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were up-regulated. Co-culture of MF and activated synoviocytes reversed the above-mentioned effects regulated by TNF-α and reduced the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors. However, miR-92a-3p inhibitor overturned the reversal. KLHL29 was the target gene of miR-92a-3p and its expression was suppressed in activated synoviocytes co-cultured with MF, which was reversed by down-regulated miR-92a-3p. Collectively, MF regulated the biological functions of OA synoviocytes by upregulating miR-92a-3p expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongting Shi
- Department of Spine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Andingmenwai, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310013, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310013, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Martin-Ventura JL, Roncal C, Orbe J, Blanco-Colio LM. Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Diagnostic and/or Therapeutic Biomarkers in Chronic Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:813885. [PMID: 35155428 PMCID: PMC8827403 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.813885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the first cause of death worldwide. In recent years, there has been great interest in the analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microparticles, as potential mediators of biological communication between circulating cells/plasma and cells of the vasculature. Besides their activity as biological effectors, EVs have been also investigated as circulating/systemic biomarkers in different acute and chronic CVDs. In this review, the role of EVs as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in chronic cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis (mainly, peripheral arterial disease, PAD), aortic stenosis (AS) and aortic aneurysms (AAs), will be described. Mechanistically, we will analyze the implication of EVs in pathological processes associated to cardiovascular remodeling, with special emphasis in their role in vascular and valvular calcification. Specifically, we will focus on the participation of EVs in calcium accumulation in the pathological vascular wall and aortic valves, involving the phenotypic change of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) or valvular interstitial cells (IC) to osteoblast-like cells. The knowledge of the implication of EVs in the pathogenic mechanisms of cardiovascular remodeling is still to be completely deciphered but there are promising results supporting their potential translational application to the diagnosis and therapy of different CVDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Martin-Ventura
- Vascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jose Luis Martin-Ventura, ; Carmen Roncal,
| | - Carmen Roncal
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jose Luis Martin-Ventura, ; Carmen Roncal,
| | - Josune Orbe
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Blanco-Colio
- Vascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Botts SR, Fish JE, Howe KL. Dysfunctional Vascular Endothelium as a Driver of Atherosclerosis: Emerging Insights Into Pathogenesis and Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:787541. [PMID: 35002720 PMCID: PMC8727904 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.787541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the chronic accumulation of cholesterol-rich plaque within arteries, is associated with a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction, aortic aneurysm, peripheral vascular disease, and stroke. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of mortality in high-income countries and recent years have witnessed a notable increase in prevalence within low- and middle-income regions of the world. Considering this prominent and evolving global burden, there is a need to identify the cellular mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis to discover novel therapeutic targets for preventing or mitigating its clinical sequelae. Despite decades of research, we still do not fully understand the complex cell-cell interactions that drive atherosclerosis, but new investigative approaches are rapidly shedding light on these essential mechanisms. The vascular endothelium resides at the interface of systemic circulation and the underlying vessel wall and plays an essential role in governing pathophysiological processes during atherogenesis. In this review, we present emerging evidence that implicates the activated endothelium as a driver of atherosclerosis by directing site-specificity of plaque formation and by promoting plaque development through intracellular processes, which regulate endothelial cell proliferation and turnover, metabolism, permeability, and plasticity. Moreover, we highlight novel mechanisms of intercellular communication by which endothelial cells modulate the activity of key vascular cell populations involved in atherogenesis, and discuss how endothelial cells contribute to resolution biology - a process that is dysregulated in advanced plaques. Finally, we describe important future directions for preclinical atherosclerosis research, including epigenetic and targeted therapies, to limit the progression of atherosclerosis in at-risk or affected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Botts
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason E. Fish
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn L. Howe
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|