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Ding X, Yang J, Wei Y, Wang M, Peng Z, He R, Li X, Zhao D, Leng X, Dong H. The Nexus Between Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunoporosis: Implications in the Treatment and Management of Osteoporosis. Phytother Res 2025; 39:1826-1846. [PMID: 39625224 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 11/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2025]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a globally prevalent bone disease characterized by reduced bone mass and heightened fracture risk, posing a significant health and economic challenge to aging societies worldwide. Osteoimmunology-an emerging field of study-investigates the intricate relationship between the skeletal and the immune systems, providing insights into the immune system's impact on bone health and disease progression. Recent research has demonstrated the essential roles played by various immune cells (T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, granulocytes, and innate lymphoid cells) in regulating bone metabolism, homeostasis, formation, and remodeling through interactions with osteoclasts (OC) and osteoblasts (OB). These findings underscore that osteoimmunology provides an essential theoretical framework for understanding the pathogenesis of various skeletal disorders, including OP. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its active ingredients have significant clinical value in OP treatment. Unfortunately, despite their striking multieffect pathways in the pharmacological field, current research has not yet summarized them in a comprehensive and detailed manner with respect to their interventional roles in immune bone diseases, especially OP. Consequently, this review addresses recent studies on the mechanisms by which immune cells and their communication molecules contribute to OP development. Additionally, it explores the potential therapeutic benefits of TCM and its active components in treating OP from the perspective of osteoimmunology. The objective is to provide a comprehensive framework that enhances the understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms of TCM in treating immune-related bone diseases and to facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Ding
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuchi Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zeyu Peng
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Rong He
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Northeast Asia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangyang Leng
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haisi Dong
- Northeast Asia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Li J, HaomingYou, Hu Y, Li R, Ouyang T, Ran Q, Zhang G, Huang Y. Effects of traditional Chinese medicine Zuo-Gui-Wan on gut microbiota in an osteoporotic mouse model. J Orthop Surg Res 2025; 20:128. [PMID: 39891262 PMCID: PMC11786422 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-025-05504-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2025] [Indexed: 02/03/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The target and mechanism of oral traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have been important research directions for a long time. The close relationship between osteoporosis and gut microbiota (GM) has been confirmed. However, the relevance of oral TCM and the "Gut-Bone Axis" is still poorly understood. METHODS Twenty-one SPF C57BL/6J female mice were divided into sham (Sham), ovariectomized (OVX), and Zuo-Gui-Wan-treated (ZGW, 1.4 g/kg) groups. The osteoporosis mouse model was established through ovariectomy. After eight weeks of Zuo-Gui-Wan treatment via gavage, serum calcium, phosphorus, ALT, AST, CREA, and other biochemical indicators were measured. Subsequently, Micro-CT, HE staining, and analysis of gut microbiota were conducted to further explore the potential mechanism. RESULTS The anti-osteoporotic effects of ZGW were confirmed through micro-CT, histological, and biochemical tests in an OVX-induced osteoporosis mouse model. ZGW treatment also alters the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota and altered the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Further analysis reveals a correlation between specific bacterial groups and serum indicators. Mfuzz clustering analysis and metagenomeSeq analysis identified important microbiota species that were rescued or modulated by ZGW treatment. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that changes in gut microbiota abundance may be linked to ZGW's ability to improve osteoporosis. This study provides new insights into how ZGW treats osteoporosis, though further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms by which specific gut microbiota influence bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Chongqing University of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - HaomingYou
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yucheng Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruxu Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianxin Ouyang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Ran
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guilong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Song C, Yan Q, Ma Y, Li P, Yang Y, Wang Y, Li W, Wan X, Li Y, Zhu R, Liu H, Zhang Z. Modified Zuo Gui Wan Ameliorates Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis in Rats by Regulating the SCFA-GPR41-p38MAPK Signaling Pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:6359-6377. [PMID: 39741920 PMCID: PMC11687096 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s482965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 12/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/03/2025] Open
Abstract
Objective Modified Zuo Gui Wan (MZGW) was a combination of Zuo Gui Wan and red yeast rice used for treating osteoporosis (OP), but its mechanism remains unclear. We aimed to validate the anti-OP effect of MZGW and explore its underlying mechanism. Methods An ovariectomy (OVX) rat model in vivo and a RANKL-induced osteoclasts (OCs) model in vitro were established. Key active ingredients in MZGW high dose (MZGW-H) group were detected by UPLC-MS/MS. Micro-CT scans and histomorphology analysis were performed in OVX rats. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to investigate the relationship between the anti-OP effect of MZGW-H and intestinal flora. CCK-8 assay was applied to examine the optimal concentration of Modified Zuo Gui Wan drug serum (MZGW-DS) on osteoclasts. The qRT-PCR and Western blotting were utilized to explore the potential anti-OP pathway of MZGW, namely the SCFA-GPR41-p38MAPK signaling pathway. GPR41 was knocked down to further reverse to verify whether the pathway was the key pathway for MZGW-DS to exert its inhibitory effect on osteoclasts. Results The three main blood components, Ferulic acid, L-Ascorbic acid and Riboflavin, were examined mainly by UPLC-MS/MS. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that MZGW-H changed the metabolism of SCFAs. In vivo studies verified that MZGW-H ameliorated microstructure damage, improved histological changes and reduced TRAP, BALP, and BGP in OVX rats by regulating the SCFA-GPR41-p38MAPK signaling pathway. CCK-8 revealed that 5% MZGW-DS group was the most optimal concentration of MZGW-DS to inhibit osteoclast differentiation. In vitro, MZGW-DS was better than peripheral blood concentration of SCFAs in inhibiting osteoclasts. After the knockout of GPR41, MZGW-DS could not inhibit the expression of osteoclast-related protein (CTSK and NFATc1) via SCFA-GPR41-p38MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusion MZGW-H effectively ameliorates OVX-induced osteoporosis partially achieved by increasing SCFAs metabolism and modulating the SCFA-GPR41-p38MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changheng Song
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiqi Yan
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujie Ma
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Li
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Wan
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yubo Li
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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宋 川, 樊 晨. [Summary and Analysis of the Application of Natural Medicine in the Treatment of Osteoporosis]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2024; 55:1610-1614. [PMID: 39990837 PMCID: PMC11839344 DOI: 10.12182/20241160511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2025]
Abstract
In this article, we focused on a comprehensive analysis of the current application status of natural medicine in the treatment of osteoporosis, explored their efficacy and safety, and discussed directions and ideas for future research. By reviewing the relevant domestic and international literature, we systematically combed through published research on the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical practice, and modern experimental research of natural medicine applied in the treatment of osteoporosis, and conducted a comprehensive analysis and evaluation accordingly. Natural medicine shows clear curative effects and advantages in the treatment of osteoporosis, which deserves further investigation. Some classic bone-specific natural medicines or prescriptions have potential value in bone growth and development, and they cause few side effects. In the future, further research should be conducted to isolate and extract bioactive anti-osteoporosis compounds from classic prescriptions or bone-specific natural medicines in order to develop potential applications of natural medicine in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- 川 宋
- 西藏自治区人民政府驻成都办事处医院(四川大学华西医院西藏成办分院) 中医科 (成都 610041)Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hospital of the Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region (Branch Hospital of the Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region, West China Hospital, Sichuan University), Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 晨 樊
- 西藏自治区人民政府驻成都办事处医院(四川大学华西医院西藏成办分院) 中医科 (成都 610041)Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hospital of the Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region (Branch Hospital of the Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region, West China Hospital, Sichuan University), Chengdu 610041, China
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Chen R, Yang C, Yang F, Yang A, Xiao H, Peng B, Chen C, Geng B, Xia Y. Targeting the mTOR-Autophagy Axis: Unveiling Therapeutic Potentials in Osteoporosis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1452. [PMID: 39595628 PMCID: PMC11591800 DOI: 10.3390/biom14111452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2024] [Revised: 11/02/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a widespread age-related disorder marked by decreased bone density and increased fracture risk, presenting a significant public health challenge. Central to the development and progression of OP is the dysregulation of the mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR)-signaling pathway, which plays a critical role in cellular processes including autophagy, growth, and proliferation. The mTOR-autophagy axis is emerging as a promising therapeutic target due to its regulatory capacity in bone metabolism and homeostasis. This review aims to (1) elucidate the role of mTOR signaling in bone metabolism and its dysregulation in OP, (2) explore the interplay between mTOR and autophagy in the context of bone cell activity, and (3) assess the therapeutic potential of targeting the mTOR pathway with modulators as innovative strategies for OP treatment. By examining the interactions among autophagy, mTOR, and OP, including insights from various types of OP and the impact on different bone cells, this review underscores the complexity of mTOR's role in bone health. Despite advances, significant gaps remain in understanding the detailed mechanisms of mTOR's effects on autophagy and bone cell function, highlighting the need for comprehensive clinical trials to establish the efficacy and safety of mTOR inhibitors in OP management. Future research directions include clarifying mTOR's molecular interactions with bone metabolism and investigating the combined benefits of mTOR modulation with other therapeutic approaches. Addressing these challenges is crucial for developing more effective treatments and improving outcomes for individuals with OP, thereby unveiling the therapeutic potentials of targeting the mTOR-autophagy axis in this prevalent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianshui Hand and Foot Surgery Hospital, Tianshui 741000, China
| | - Chenhui Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianshui Hand and Foot Surgery Hospital, Tianshui 741000, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Ao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Hefang Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Changshun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yayi Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (R.C.); (C.Y.); (F.Y.); (A.Y.); (H.X.); (B.P.); (C.C.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Yan B, Li Z, Su H, Xue H, Qiu D, Xu Z, Tan G. Regulatory mechanisms of autophagy-related ncRNAs in bone metabolic diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1178310. [PMID: 38146458 PMCID: PMC10749346 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1178310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolic diseases have been tormented and are plaguing people worldwide due to the lack of effective and thorough medical interventions and the poor understanding of their pathogenesis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are heterogeneous transcripts that cannot encode the proteins but can affect the expressions of other genes. Autophagy is a fundamental mechanism for keeping cell viability, recycling cellular contents through the lysosomal pathway, and maintaining the homeostasis of the intracellular environment. There is growing evidence that ncRNAs, autophagy, and crosstalk between ncRNAs and autophagy play complex roles in progression of metabolic bone disease. This review investigated the complex mechanisms by which ncRNAs, mainly micro RNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), regulate autophagic pathway to assist in treating bone metabolism disorders. It aimed at identifying the autophagy role in bone metabolism disorders and understanding the role, potential, and challenges of crosstalk between ncRNAs and autophagy for bone metabolism disorders treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghan Yan
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Su
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Haipeng Xue
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Daodi Qiu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhanwang Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guoqing Tan
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Tang X, Huang Y, Fang X, Tong X, Yu Q, Zheng W, Fu F. Cornus officinalis: a potential herb for treatment of osteoporosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1289144. [PMID: 38111697 PMCID: PMC10725965 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1289144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic metabolic skeletal disorder characterized by a decline in bone mass, bone mineral density, and deterioration of bone microstructure. It is prevalent among the elderly, particularly postmenopausal women, and poses a substantial burden to patients and society due to the high incidence of fragility fractures. Kidney-tonifying Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has long been utilized for OP prevention and treatment. In contrast to conventional approaches such as hormone replacement therapy, TCM offers distinct advantages such as minimal side effects, low toxicity, excellent tolerability, and suitability for long-term administration. Extensive experimental evidence supports the efficacy of kidney-tonifying TCM, exemplified by formulations based on the renowned herb Cornus officinalis and its bioactive constituents, including morroniside, sweroside, flavonol kaempferol, Cornuside I, in OP treatment. In this review, we provide a comprehensive elucidation of the underlying pathological principles governing OP, with particular emphasis on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the homeostasis of osteogenic and osteoclastic, and the regulation of vascular and immune systems, all of which critically influence bone homeostasis. Furthermore, the therapeutic mechanisms of Cornus officinalis-based TCM formulations and Cornus officinalis-derived active constituents are discussed. In conclusion, this review aims to enhance understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms responsible for the anti-OP effects of kidney-tonifying TCM, specifically focusing on Cornus officinalis, and seeks to explore more efficacious and safer treatment strategies for OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Tang
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuliang Fang
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuanying Tong
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenbiao Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Fangda Fu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
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Xu L, Xu G, Sun N, Yao J, Wang C, Zhang W, Tian K, Liu M, Sun H. Catalpol ameliorates dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis by promoting osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via the activation of PKD1 promoter. J Pharmacol Sci 2023; 153:221-231. [PMID: 37973220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of CA on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) and lucubrate the underlying mechanism of CA via the activation of polycystic kidney disease-1(PKD1) in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). METHODS In vivo, a GIOP model in mice treated with dexamethasone (Dex) was established. Biomechanical, micro-CT, immunofluorescence staining of OCN, ALP and PKD1 and others were severally determined. qRT-PCR and Western blot methods were adopted to elucidate the particular mechanisms of CA on GIOP. In addition, BMSCs cultured in vitro were also induced by Dex to verify the effects of CA. Finally, siRNA and luciferase activity assays were performed to confirm the mechanisms. RESULTS We found that CA could restore the destroyed bone microarchitecture and increase the bone mass in GIOP mice. CA could also upregulate PKD1 protein expression, reduce oxidative stress, and promote mRNA expression of bone formation-associated markers in GIOP mice. Furthermore, it was also observed that CA reduced oxidative stress and promoted osteogenic differentiation in Dex-induced BMSCs. Mechanically, CA could promote protein expression via increasing the activity of PKD1 promoter. CONCLUSION This study provides important evidences for CA in the further clinical treatment of GIOP, reveals the activation of PKD1 promoter as the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Office of Ethics Committee, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Na Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, China
| | - Jialin Yao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wanhao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kang Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mozhen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Huijun Sun
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Yang S, Zhang B, Wang YG, Liu ZW, Qiao B, Xu J, Zhao LS. Zuo Gui Wan Promotes Osteogenesis via PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway: Network Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Validation. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:1051-1060. [PMID: 37806993 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteogenesis is vitally important for bone defect repair, and Zuo Gui Wan (ZGW) is a classic prescription in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for strengthening bones. However, the specific mechanism by which ZGW regulates osteogenesis is still unclear. The current study is based on a network pharmacology analysis to explore the potential mechanism of ZGW in promoting osteogenesis. METHODS A network pharmacology analysis followed by experimental validation was applied to explore the potential mechanisms of ZGW in promoting the osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). RESULTS In total, 487 no-repeat targets corresponding to the bioactive components of ZGW were screened, and 175 target genes in the intersection of ZGW and osteogenesis were obtained. And 28 core target genes were then obtained from a PPI network analysis. A GO functional enrichment analysis showed that the relevant biological processes mainly involve the cellular response to chemical stress, metal ions, and lipopolysaccharide. Additionally, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that multiple signaling pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway, were associated with ZGW-promoted osteogensis. Further experimental validation showed that ZGW could increase alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity as well as the mRNA and protein levels of ALP, osteocalcin (OCN), and runt related transcription factor 2 (Runx 2). What's more, Western blot analysis results showed that ZGW significantly increased the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT, and the increases of these protein levels significantly receded after the addition of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Finally, the upregulated osteogenic-related indicators were also suppressed by the addition of LY294002. CONCLUSION ZGW promotes the osteogenesis of BMSCs via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yu-Guo Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zi-Wei Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Bo Qiao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Li-Sheng Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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10
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Zhou C, Shen S, Zhang M, Luo H, Zhang Y, Wu C, Zeng L, Ruan H. Mechanisms of action and synergetic formulas of plant-based natural compounds from traditional Chinese medicine for managing osteoporosis: a literature review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1235081. [PMID: 37700771 PMCID: PMC10493415 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1235081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeletal disease prevalent in older adults, characterized by substantial bone loss and deterioration of microstructure, resulting in heightened bone fragility and risk of fracture. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herbs have been widely employed in OP treatment owing to their advantages, such as good tolerance, low toxicity, high efficiency, and minimal adverse reactions. Increasing evidence also reveals that many plant-based compounds (or secondary metabolites) from these TCM formulas, such as resveratrol, naringin, and ginsenoside, have demonstrated beneficial effects in reducing the risk of OP. Nonetheless, the comprehensive roles of these natural products in OP have not been thoroughly clarified, impeding the development of synergistic formulas for optimal OP treatment. In this review, we sum up the pathological mechanisms of OP based on evidence from basic and clinical research; emphasis is placed on the in vitro and preclinical in vivo evidence-based anti-OP mechanisms of TCM formulas and their chemically active plant constituents, especially their effects on imbalanced bone homeostasis regulated by osteoblasts (responsible for bone formation), osteoclasts (responsible for bone resorption), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as well as bone microstructure, angiogenesis, and immune system. Furthermore, we prospectively discuss the combinatory ingredients from natural products from these TCM formulas. Our goal is to improve comprehension of the pharmacological mechanisms of TCM formulas and their chemically active constituents, which could inform the development of new strategies for managing OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcong Zhou
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuchao Shen
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Muxin Zhang
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Hangzhou Fuyang Hospital of TCM Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengliang Wu
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfeng Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongfeng Ruan
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
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11
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Li W, Li W, Zhang W, Wang H, Yu L, Yang P, Qin Y, Gan M, Yang X, Huang L, Hao Y, Geng D. Exogenous melatonin ameliorates steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head by modulating ferroptosis through GDF15-mediated signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:171. [PMID: 37400902 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferroptosis is an iron-related form of programmed cell death. Accumulating evidence has identified the pathogenic role of ferroptosis in multiple orthopedic disorders. However, the relationship between ferroptosis and SONFH is still unclear. In addition, despite being a common disease in orthopedics, there is still no effective treatment for SONFH. Therefore, clarifying the pathogenic mechanism of SONFH and investigating pharmacologic inhibitors from approved clinical drugs for SONFH is an effective strategy for clinical translation. Melatonin (MT), an endocrine hormone that has become a popular dietary supplement because of its excellent antioxidation, was supplemented from an external source to treat glucocorticoid-induced damage in this study. METHODS Methylprednisolone, a commonly used glucocorticoid in the clinic, was selected to simulate glucocorticoid-induced injury in the current study. Ferroptosis was observed through the detection of ferroptosis-associated genes, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial function. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to explore the mechanism of SONFH. In addition, a melatonin receptor antagonist and shGDF15 were applied to block the therapeutic effect of MT to further confirm the mechanism. Finally, cell experiments and the SONFH rat model were used to detect the therapeutic effects of MT. RESULTS MT alleviated bone loss in SONFH rats by maintaining BMSC activity through suppression of ferroptosis. The results are further verified by the melatonin MT2 receptor antagonist that can block the therapeutic effects of MT. In addition, bioinformatic analysis and subsequent experiments confirmed that growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a stress response cytokine, was downregulated in the process of SONFH. On the contrary, MT treatment increased the expression of GDF15 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Lastly, rescue experiments performed with shGDF15 confirmed that GDF15 plays a key role in the therapeutic effects of melatonin. CONCLUSIONS We proposed that MT attenuated SONFH by inhibiting ferroptosis through the regulation of GDF15, and supplementation with exogenous MT might be a promising method for the treatment of SONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Minfeng Gan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Lixin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yuefeng Hao
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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12
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Li Q, Tian C, Liu X, Li D, Liu H. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant traditional Chinese Medicine in treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1203767. [PMID: 37441527 PMCID: PMC10335577 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1203767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A metabolic bone disorder called osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone mass and compromised microarchitecture. This condition can deteriorate bones and raise the risk of fractures. The two main causes of osteoporosis are an increase in osteoclast activity or quantity and a decrease in osteoblast viability. Numerous mechanisms, including estrogen shortage, aging, chemical agents, and decreased mechanical loads, have been linked to osteoporosis. Inflammation and oxidative stress have recently been linked to osteoporosis, according to an increasing number of studies. The two primary medications used to treat osteoporosis at the moment are bisphosphonates and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). These medications work well for osteoporosis brought on by aging and estrogen deprivation, however, they do not target inflammation and oxidative stress-induced osteoporosis. In addition, these drugs have some limitations that are attributed to various side effects that have not been overcome. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been applied in osteoporosis for many years and has a high safety profile. Therefore, in this review, literature related to botanical drugs that have an effect on inflammation and oxidative stress-induced osteoporosis was searched for. Moreover, the pharmacologically active ingredients of these herbs and the pathways were discussed and may contribute to the discovery of more safe and effective drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Liyuan Hospital Affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, City Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ciqiu Tian
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, City Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiangjie Liu
- Liyuan Hospital Affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Geriatric Department, City Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dinglin Li
- Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Liyuan Hospital Affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, City Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Liyuan Hospital Affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, City Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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