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Chahal S, Rani P, Shweta, Goel KK, Joshi G, Singh R, Kumar P, Singh D, Sindhu J. Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole fused spirooxindole-linked 1,2,3-triazoles as antioxidant agents: Exploring their utility in the development of antidiabetic drugs via inhibition of α-amylase and DPP4 activity. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107363. [PMID: 38657527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Environment-benign, multicomponent synthetic methodologies are vital in modern pharmaceutical research and facilitates multi-targeted drug development via synergistic approach. Herein, we reported green and efficient synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole fused spirooxindole linked 1,2,3-triazoles using a tea waste supported copper catalyst (TWCu). The synthetic approach involves a one-pot, five-component reaction using N-propargylated isatin, hydrazine hydrate, ethyl acetoacetate, malononitrile/ethyl cyanoacetate and aryl azides as model substrates. Mechanistically, the reaction was found to proceed via in situ pyrazolone formation followed by Knoevenagel condensation, azide alkyne cycloaddition and Michael's addition reactions. The molecules were developed using structure-based drug design. The primary goal is to identifying anti-oxidant molecules with potential ability to modulate α-amylase and DPP4 (dipeptidyl-peptidase 4) activity. The anti-oxidant analysis, as determined via DPPH, suggested that the synthesized compounds, A6 and A10 possessed excellent anti-oxidant potential compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). In contrast, compounds A3, A5, A8, A9, A13, A15, and A18 were found to possess comparable anti-oxidant potential. Among these, A3 and A13 possessed potential α-amylase inhibitory activity compared to the acarbose, and A3 further emerged as dual inhibitors of both DPP4 and α-amylase with anti-oxidant potential. The relationship of functionalities on their anti-oxidant and enzymatic inhibition was explored in context to their SAR that was further corroborated using in silico techniques and enzyme kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Chahal
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Payal Rani
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Shweta
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Kapil Kumar Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar 249404, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar-246174, Dist. Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajvir Singh
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Parvin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India.
| | - Devender Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Jayant Sindhu
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India.
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Li Y, Lou N, Liu X, Zhuang X, Chen S. Exploring new mechanisms of Imeglimin in diabetes treatment: Amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116755. [PMID: 38772155 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it has become critical to identify effective treatment strategies. In recent years, the novel oral hypoglycaemic drug Imeglimin has attracted much attention in the field of diabetes treatment. The mechanisms of its therapeutic action are complex and are not yet fully understood by current research. Current evidence suggests that pancreatic β-cells, liver, and skeletal muscle are the main organs in which Imeglimin lowers blood glucose levels and that it acts mainly by targeting mitochondrial function, thereby inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis, enhancing insulin sensitivity, promoting pancreatic β-cell function, and regulating energy metabolism. There is growing evidence that the drug also has a potentially volatile role in the treatment of diabetic complications, including metabolic cardiomyopathy, diabetic vasculopathy, and diabetic neuroinflammation. According to available clinical studies, its efficacy and safety profile are more evident than other hypoglycaemic agents, and it has synergistic effects when combined with other antidiabetic drugs, and also has potential in the treatment of T2DM-related complications. This review aims to shed light on the latest research progress in the treatment of T2DM with Imeglimin, thereby providing clinicians and researchers with the latest insights into Imeglimin as a viable option for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Nenngjun Lou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Xianghua Zhuang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China; Multidisciplinary Innovation Center for Nephrology of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China.
| | - Shihong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China; Multidisciplinary Innovation Center for Nephrology of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China.
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Yen BL, Wang LT, Wang HH, Hung CP, Hsu PJ, Chang CC, Liao CY, Sytwu HK, Yen ML. Excess glucose alone depress young mesenchymal stromal/stem cell osteogenesis and mitochondria activity within hours/days via NAD +/SIRT1 axis. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:49. [PMID: 38735943 PMCID: PMC11089752 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of global overconsumption of simple sugars on bone health, which peaks in adolescence/early adulthood and correlates with osteoporosis (OP) and fracture risk decades, is unclear. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are the progenitors of osteoblasts/bone-forming cells, and known to decrease their osteogenic differentiation capacity with age. Alarmingly, while there is correlative evidence that adolescents consuming greatest amounts of simple sugars have the lowest bone mass, there is no mechanistic understanding on the causality of this correlation. METHODS Bioinformatics analyses for energetics pathways involved during MSC differentiation using human cell information was performed. In vitro dissection of normal versus high glucose (HG) conditions on osteo-/adipo-lineage commitment and mitochondrial function was assessed using multi-sources of non-senescent human and murine MSCs; for in vivo validation, young mice was fed normal or HG-added water with subsequent analyses of bone marrow CD45- MSCs. RESULTS Bioinformatics analyses revealed mitochondrial and glucose-related metabolic pathways as integral to MSC osteo-/adipo-lineage commitment. Functionally, in vitro HG alone without differentiation induction decreased both MSC mitochondrial activity and osteogenesis while enhancing adipogenesis by 8 h' time due to depletion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a vital mitochondrial co-enzyme and co-factor to Sirtuin (SIRT) 1, a longevity gene also involved in osteogenesis. In vivo, HG intake in young mice depleted MSC NAD+, with oral NAD+ precursor supplementation rapidly reversing both mitochondrial decline and osteo-/adipo-commitment in a SIRT1-dependent fashion within 1 ~ 5 days. CONCLUSIONS We found a surprisingly rapid impact of excessive glucose, a single dietary factor, on MSC SIRT1 function and osteogenesis in youthful settings, and the crucial role of NAD+-a single molecule-on both MSC mitochondrial function and lineage commitment. These findings have strong implications on future global OP and disability risks in light of current worldwide overconsumption of simple sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Tzu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, NTU, No.1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11042, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No.250, Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11042, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Huang Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Pao Hung
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, NTU, No.1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Hsu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center (NDMC), No.161, Section 6, Minquan East Road, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Liao
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases & Vaccinology, NHRI, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology & Immunology, NDMC, No.161, Section 6, Minquan East Road, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Men-Luh Yen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, NTU, No.1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
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Lou D, Fang Q, He Y, Ma R, Wang X, Li H, Qi M. Oxymatrine alleviates high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in C57BL/6 J mice by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116491. [PMID: 38537582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a complex complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Oxymatrine (OMT) is an alkaloid extracted from Sophora flavescens with broad pharmacological effects. However, there is currently a lack of research on OMT in the field of NAFLD. The present study aimed to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of oxymatrine in treating T2DM with NAFLD. The T2DM mice model was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ) injection in male C57BL/6 J mice. Animals were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8): Control group, DC group, OMT-L group (45 mg/kg i.g.), and OMT-H group (90 mg/kg, i.g.). The drug was administered once a day for 8 weeks. In addition, HepG2 hepatocytes were incubated with palmitic acid (PA) to establish a fatty liver cell model. Treated with OMT, the body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) of DC mice were reduced and the liver organ coefficient was significantly optimized. Meanwhile, OMT markedly enhanced the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and also reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. These biochemical alterations were accompanied by noticeable improvements in liver histopathology. Furthermore, OMT down-regulated the expression of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and collagen I significantly, highlighting its potential in modulating inflammatory and fibrotic pathways. In conclusion, OMT improved liver impairment effectively in diabetic mice by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis. These results suggest that OMT may represent a novel therapy for NAFLD with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lou
- Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Qing Fang
- Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yinghao He
- Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Ruyu Ma
- Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Hanbing Li
- Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Minyou Qi
- Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
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Zhang H, Chai J, Cao C, Wang X, Pang W. Supplementing Boar Diet with Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Improves Sperm Quality Probably through the Activation of the SIRT3 Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:507. [PMID: 38790612 PMCID: PMC11117624 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sperm quality is an important indicator to evaluate the reproduction ability of animals. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) participates in cell energy metabolism and reduces cell oxidative stress. However, the effect and regulatory mechanism of NMN on porcine sperm quality are still unknown. Here, 32 Landrace boars were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 8) and fed with different levels of NMN (0, 8, 16 or 32 mg/kg/d) for 9 weeks, and then serum and semen samples of the boars were collected to investigate the function and molecular mechanism of NMN in sperm quality. The results showed that the dietary NMN supplementation significantly increased sperm volume, density and motility (p < 0.05). Interestingly, NMN apparently improved the antioxidative indexes and increased the levels of testosterone (p < 0.05) in serum. Furthermore, NMN upregulated the protein levels of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), antioxidation and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), but downregulated the protein levels of apoptosis in semen. Mechanically, NMN protected sperm from H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through SIRT3 deacetylation. Importantly, the SIRT3-specific inhibitor 3-TYP attenuated the antioxidation and antiapoptosis of NMN in sperm. Therefore, NMN exerts antioxidation and antiapoptosis to improve boar sperm quality via the SIRT3 signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that NMN is a novel potential boar antioxidative feed additive to produce high-quality porcine semen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Weijun Pang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (H.Z.); (J.C.); (C.C.); (X.W.)
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Yuan N, Shen L, Peng Q, Sha R, Wang Z, Xie Z, You X, Feng Y. SRSF1 Is Required for Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Thermogenic Function in Brown Adipocytes Through its Control of Ndufs3 Splicing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2306871. [PMID: 38569495 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
RNA splicing dysregulation and the involvement of specific splicing factors are emerging as common factors in both obesity and metabolic disorders. The study provides compelling evidence that the absence of the splicing factor SRSF1 in mature adipocytes results in whitening of brown adipocyte tissue (BAT) and impaired thermogenesis, along with the inhibition of white adipose tissue browning in mice. Combining single-nucleus RNA sequencing with transmission electron microscopy, it is observed that the transformation of BAT cell types is associated with dysfunctional mitochondria, and SRSF1 deficiency leads to degenerated and fragmented mitochondria within BAT. The results demonstrate that SRSF1 effectively binds to constitutive exon 6 of Ndufs3 pre-mRNA and promotes its inclusion. Conversely, the deficiency of SRSF1 results in impaired splicing of Ndufs3, leading to reduced levels of functional proteins that are essential for mitochondrial complex I assembly and activity. Consequently, this deficiency disrupts mitochondrial integrity, ultimately compromising the thermogenic capacity of BAT. These findings illuminate a novel role for SRSF1 in influencing mitochondrial function and BAT thermogenesis through its regulation of Ndufs3 splicing within BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyang Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation in Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qian Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Rula Sha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhiqi Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xue You
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation in Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Ying Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation in Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
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Mani V, Dash I, Chandrashekar S, Natarajan M. β-caryophyllene attenuates oxidative stress and hepatocellular mitochondrial dysfunction in type-2 diabetic rats induced with high fat and fructose diets. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2024; 18:7-16. [PMID: 38455602 PMCID: PMC10915910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and systemic resistance to insulin are typical manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus. One of the main pathophysiological alterations in insulin-sensitive organs is mitochondrial malfunction associated with oxidative stress and diminished fuel utilization. β-Caryophyllene (BCP) has qualities that are anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic. In this work, rats suffering from type 2 diabetes were given a diet high in fat and sugar with the aim of examining the ameliorative effects of BCP on oxidative stress-mediated hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction. Methods The diabetic condition was experimentally induced by feeding rats a high-calorie diet. The rats were then administered the recommended doses of BCP and metformin (MET) once every day for 30 days at 200 mg and 50 mg concentrations per kg of body weight, respectively, to prove the hypothesis of the study that BCP ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Mitochondrial dysfunction can be identified by indicators such as oxidative stress, cardiolipin dienes, membrane phospholipid concentration, and mitochondrial enzymes. Results The mitochondria in the liver of rats with diabetes exhibit elevated redox imbalance-related parameters and malfunctioning mitochondria with peroxided cardiolipin, while their amounts of glutathione and phospholipids are lowered. Oxidative stress indices, ameliorated mitochondrial activities, and peroxided cardiolipin were drastically decreased in rats with diabetes treated with BCP or MET. Conclusions The present research demonstrated that BCP improved the vital role of mitochondria by reducing free radical dominance in type 2 diabetic experimental rats fed high-fat and high-sugar diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadivel Mani
- Department of Biochemistry, Konaseema Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Amalapuram, Anadhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ipsita Dash
- Department of Biochemistry, S.L.N Medical College Hospital, Koraput, Odisha, India
| | | | - Muninathan Natarajan
- Department of Research, Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhang X, Zhang J, Ren Y, Sun R, Zhai X. Unveiling the pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches for diabetic nephropathy: insights from panvascular diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1368481. [PMID: 38455648 PMCID: PMC10918691 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1368481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) represents a significant microvascular complication in diabetes, entailing intricate molecular pathways and mechanisms associated with cardiorenal vascular diseases. Prolonged hyperglycemia induces renal endothelial dysfunction and damage via metabolic abnormalities, inflammation, and oxidative stress, thereby compromising hemodynamics. Concurrently, fibrotic and sclerotic alterations exacerbate glomerular and tubular injuries. At a macro level, reciprocal communication between the renal microvasculature and systemic circulation establishes a pernicious cycle propelling disease progression. The current management approach emphasizes rigorous control of glycemic levels and blood pressure, with renin-angiotensin system blockade conferring renoprotection. Novel antidiabetic agents exhibit renoprotective effects, potentially mediated through endothelial modulation. Nonetheless, emerging therapies present novel avenues for enhancing patient outcomes and alleviating the disease burden. A precision-based approach, coupled with a comprehensive strategy addressing global vascular risk, will be pivotal in mitigating the cardiorenal burden associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ranran Sun
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhai
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chen C, Li X, Hu Y, Chen Y, Wang H, Li X, Li X. Electrical stimulation promoting the angiogenesis in diabetic rat perforator flap through attenuating oxidative stress-mediated inflammation and apoptosis. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16856. [PMID: 38313008 PMCID: PMC10838069 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Skin flap transplantation is one of the effective methods to treat the diabetes-related foot ulceration, but the intrinsic damage to vessels in diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to the necrosis of skin flaps. Therefore, the discovery of a non-invasive and effective approach for promoting the survival of flaps is of the utmost importance. Electrical stimulation (ES) promotes angiogenesis and increases the proliferation, migration, and elongation of endothelial cells, thus being a potential effective method to improve flap survival. Objective The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism used by ES to effectively restore the impaired function of endothelial cells caused by diabetes. Methods A total of 79 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Gene and protein expression was assessed by PCR and western blotting, respectively. Immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin-eosin staining were performed to evaluate the morphology and density of the microvessels in the flap. Results The optimal duration for preconditioning the flap with ES was 7 days. The flap survival area percentage and microvessels density in the DMES group were markedly increased compared to the DM group. VEGF, MMP2, and MMP9 protein expression was significantly upregulated. ROS intensity was significantly decreased and GSH concentration was increased. The expression of IL-1β, MCP‑1, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax were downregulated in the DMES group, while TGF-β expression was upregulated. Conclusions ES improves the angiogenesis in diabetic ischemic skin flaps by attenuating oxidative stress-mediated inflammation and apoptosis, eventually increasing their viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongrui Wang
- Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xian Li
- Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiucun Li
- Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Tai LA, Tsai LY, Lin CH, Chiu YC. Depressive symptoms and daily living dependence in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the mediating role of positive and negative perceived stress. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:14. [PMID: 38166717 PMCID: PMC10762910 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher stress is associated with higher levels of depression and instrumental-activities-of-daily-living (IADL) dependence, and depression is strongly associated with specific IADL disabilities. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of perceived stress on the association between depression and IADL dependence among older adults with diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS We examined baseline data collected from a longitudinal study that recruited 110 patients with DM aged ≥ 65 years from the endocrinology outpatient clinic of a district hospital. The instruments used for our measurement processes comprised a demographic data sheet and Chinese versions of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the short form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-S), and the Lawton IADL Scale. We assessed the mediating effects of positive perceived stress (PPS) and negative perceived stress (NPS) after controlling for five covariates by using a regression-based model run through the SPSS macro PROCESS. RESULTS We observed negative correlations between GDS-S scores and PPS and between PPS and IADL dependence; we noted positive correlations between GDS-S scores and NPS and between NPS and IADL dependence (all P < 0.01). The indirect effect is coefficient = 0.12, [95% confidence interval = (0.0, 0.33)], suggesting that PPS achieves a mediating effect between depressive symptoms and IADL dependence. However, the NPS does not achieve a mediating effect in the relationship between depressive symptoms and IADL dependence (coefficient = 0.06, 95% CI = - 0.03, 0.15). CONCLUSIONS Personal PPS mediates the association between depression and IADL dependence in older adults with DM. This finding suggests that providing patients with psychological education to promote their PPS may help prevent their functional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ai Tai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Cardinal Tien Junior College of Healthcare and Management, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Le Yu Tsai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yonghe Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia Hung Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi Chen Chiu
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Thongsroy J, Mutirangura A. The inverse association between DNA gaps and HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18987. [PMID: 37923892 PMCID: PMC10624909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring DNA gaps have been observed in eukaryotic DNA, including DNA in nondividing cells. These DNA gaps are found less frequently in chronologically aging yeast, chemically induced senescence cells, naturally aged rats, D-galactose-induced aging model rats, and older people. These gaps function to protect DNA from damage, so we named them youth-associated genomic stabilization DNA gaps (youth-DNA-gaps). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) is characterized by an early aging phenotype. Here, we explored the correlation between youth-DNA-gaps and the severity of type 2 DM. Here, we investigated youth-DNA-gaps in white blood cells from normal controls, pre-DM, and type 2 DM patients. We found significantly decreased youth-DNA-gap numbers in the type 2 DM patients compared to normal controls (P = 0.0377, P = 0.0018 adjusted age). In the type 2 DM group, youth-DNA-gaps correlate directly with HbA1c levels. (r = - 0.3027, P = 0.0023). Decreased youth-DNA-gap numbers were observed in patients with type 2 DM and associated with increased HbA1c levels. Therefore, the decrease in youth-DNA-gaps is associated with the molecular pathogenesis of high blood glucose levels. Furthermore, youth-DNA-gap number is another marker that could be used to determine the severity of type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapan Thongsroy
- School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.
- Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.
| | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Genetics of Cancer and Human Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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12
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Zhi F, Zhang Q, Liu L, Chang X, Xu H. Novel insights into the role of mitochondria in diabetic cardiomyopathy: molecular mechanisms and potential treatments. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:641-655. [PMID: 37405612 PMCID: PMC10746653 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01361-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy describes decreased myocardial function in diabetic patients in the absence of other heart diseases such as myocardial ischemia and hypertension. Recent studies have defined numerous molecular interactions and signaling events that may account for deleterious changes in mitochondrial dynamics and functions influenced by hyperglycemic stress. A metabolic switch from glucose to fatty acid oxidation to fuel ATP synthesis, mitochondrial oxidative injury resulting from increased mitochondrial ROS production and decreased antioxidant capacity, enhanced mitochondrial fission and defective mitochondrial fusion, impaired mitophagy, and blunted mitochondrial biogenesis are major signatures of mitochondrial pathologies during diabetic cardiomyopathy. This review describes the molecular alterations underlying mitochondrial abnormalities associated with hyperglycemia and discusses their influence on cardiomyocyte viability and function. Based on basic research findings and clinical evidence, diabetic treatment standards and their impact on mitochondrial function, as well as mitochondria-targeted therapies of potential benefit for diabetic cardiomyopathy patients, are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumin Zhi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Li Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xing Chang
- Guang'anmen Hospital of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Hongtao Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
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13
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Darenskaya M, Kolesnikov S, Semenova N, Kolesnikova L. Diabetic Nephropathy: Significance of Determining Oxidative Stress and Opportunities for Antioxidant Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12378. [PMID: 37569752 PMCID: PMC10419189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) belongs to the category of socially significant diseases with epidemic rates of increases in prevalence. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a specific kind of kidney damage that occurs in 40% of patients with DM and is considered a serious complication of DM. Most modern methods for treatments aimed at slowing down the progression of DN have side effects and do not produce unambiguous positive results in the long term. This fact has encouraged researchers to search for additional or alternative treatment methods. Hyperglycemia has a negative effect on renal structures due to a number of factors, including the activation of the polyol and hexosamine glucose metabolism pathways, the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems, the accumulation of advanced glycation end products and increases in the insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction of tissues. The above mechanisms cause the development of oxidative stress (OS) reactions and mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn contribute to the development and progression of DN. Modern antioxidant therapies for DN involve various phytochemicals (food antioxidants, resveratrol, curcumin, alpha-lipoic acid preparations, etc.), which are widely used not only for the treatment of diabetes but also other systemic diseases. It has also been suggested that therapeutic approaches that target the source of reactive oxygen species in DN may have certain advantages in terms of nephroprotection from OS. This review describes the significance of studies on OS biomarkers in the pathogenesis of DN and analyzes various approaches to reducing the intensity of OS in the prevention and treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Darenskaya
- Department of Personalized and Preventive Medicine, Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia; (S.K.); (N.S.); (L.K.)
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14
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Behl T, Makkar R, Anwer MK, Hassani R, Khuwaja G, Khalid A, Mohan S, Alhazmi HA, Sachdeva M, Rachamalla M. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cellular and Molecular Hub in Pathology of Metabolic Diseases and Infection. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082882. [PMID: 37109219 PMCID: PMC10141031 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are semiautonomous doubly membraned intracellular components of cells. The organelle comprises of an external membrane, followed by coiled structures within the membrane called cristae, which are further surrounded by the matrix spaces followed by the space between the external and internal membrane of the organelle. A typical eukaryotic cell contains thousands of mitochondria within it, which make up 25% of the cytoplasm present in the cell. The organelle acts as a common point for the metabolism of glucose, lipids, and glutamine. Mitochondria chiefly regulate oxidative phosphorylation-mediated aerobic respiration and the TCA cycle and generate energy in the form of ATP to fulfil the cellular energy needs. The organelle possesses a unique supercoiled doubly stranded mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) which encodes several proteins, including rRNA and tRNA crucial for the transport of electrons, oxidative phosphorylation, and initiating genetic repair processors. Defects in the components of mitochondria act as the principal factor for several chronic cellular diseases. The dysfunction of mitochondria can cause a malfunction in the TCA cycle and cause the leakage of the electron respiratory chain, leading to an increase in reactive oxygen species and the signaling of aberrant oncogenic and tumor suppressor proteins, which further alter the pathways involved in metabolism, disrupt redox balance, and induce endurance towards apoptosis and several treatments which play a major role in developing several chronic metabolic conditions. The current review presents the knowledge on the aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction and its role in cancer, diabetes mellitus, infections, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Rashita Makkar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
| | - Md Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Stattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rym Hassani
- Department of Mathematics, University College AlDarb, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gulrana Khuwaja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, P.O. Box 2404, Khartoum 11123, Sudan
| | - Syam Mohan
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, India
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monika Sachdeva
- Fatimah College of Health Sciences, Al Ain P.O. Box 24162, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahesh Rachamalla
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
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Liu C, Sun S, Mao J. Water-soluble Yb 3+, Er 3+ codoped NaYF 4 nanoparticles induced SGC-7901 cell apoptosis through mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS-mediated ER stress. Hum Exp Toxicol 2023; 42:9603271231188493. [PMID: 37419518 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231188493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles are potential luminescent probes; among them, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) are currently being developed as fluorescent probes for biomedical applications. However, the molecular mechanisms of UCNP in human gastric cell lines remain poorly understood. Here, we aimed to examine UCNP cytotoxicity to SGC-7901 cells and explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS The effects of 50-400 μg/mL UCNP on human gastric adenocarcinoma (SGC-7901) cells were investigated. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), intracellular Ca2+ levels, and apoptosis. Activated caspase-3 and nine activities were measured; meanwhile, cytochrome C (Cyt C) in the cytosol and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), protein kinase B (Akt), phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt), 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), 94 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP94), calpain-1, and calpain-2 protein levels were also detected. RESULTS UCNP inhibited the viability of SGC-7901 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and increased the proportion of cell apoptosis. Exposure to UCNP enhanced the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, elevated the level of ROS, decreased ΔΨm, increased intracellular Ca2+ and Cyt C protein levels, decreased the levels of phosphorylated Akt, increased the activity of caspase-3 and caspase-9, and upregulated the protein expression of GRP-78, GRP-94, calpain-1 and calpain-2 in SGC-7901 cells. CONCLUSION UCNP induced SGC-7901 cell apoptosis by promoting mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, initiating the caspase-9/caspase-3 cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Shaoqiang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Jingwei Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
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